CN113403496B - Ni-doped Ti3SiC2Cu composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Ni-doped Ti3SiC2Cu composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113403496B
CN113403496B CN202110673462.XA CN202110673462A CN113403496B CN 113403496 B CN113403496 B CN 113403496B CN 202110673462 A CN202110673462 A CN 202110673462A CN 113403496 B CN113403496 B CN 113403496B
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CN113403496A (en
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王怡然
高睿鹏
李鸿江
高义民
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Shaanxi Dingyu Changhong Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/058—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder by reaction sintering (i.e. gasless reaction starting from a mixture of solid metal compounds)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0089—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with other, not previously mentioned inorganic compounds as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. sulfides, glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/02—Tongues; Associated constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

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Abstract

The invention discloses a Ni-doped Ti3SiC2/Cu composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the composition is designed to be 20-25 Vol.% Ti by adopting a pressureless sintering powder metallurgy technology and combining the characteristics of Ni-doped components according to the service condition characteristics of a material for an embedded turnout sliding bed bedplate3SiC2Content of Ti3SiC2a/Cu composite material. The material relies on Ti3SiC2The particles can realize the self-lubricating function, the mechanical properties such as the hardness, the bending strength and the like of the material are improved through the doping of Ni element, the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the material are improved, and the Ni-doped Ti which can be used for a turnout sliding bed plate is obtained through the steps of powder preparation, ball milling, cold pressing, pressureless sintering and the like3SiC2a/Cu composite material. The material can be fixed on the surface of a Q235 steel plate in a mechanical mode and forms an embedded self-lubricating layer, so that the material plays excellent antifriction, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant properties in service and has a wide application market.

Description

Ni-doped Ti3SiC2/Cu composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of copper-based composite material preparation, and particularly relates to Ni-doped Ti3SiC2A Cu composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The turnout is an important part of a railway line, is called as three weak links of a track together with a curve and a joint, and the normal operation of the turnout is the basic guarantee of traffic safety. The turnout has the characteristics of large quantity, complex structure, short service life, limitation of train speed, low traffic safety, large maintenance and repair investment and the like. According to the railway management method in China, maintenance work of a turnout conversion part is carried out by a station, and as turnouts are arranged at two ends of the station and are far away from each other, in daily maintenance, in order to ensure normal conversion of the turnouts, a specially-assigned person needs to be arranged at the station for carrying out oil coating maintenance on the turnouts at regular intervals so as to reduce conversion resistance of turnout switch rails. However, although this method can achieve the purpose of antifriction lubrication, it has the following obvious disadvantages: the change of weather such as rain and snow can lead the lubricating oil to be emulsified and deteriorated, while the lubricating oil is lost due to the reduction of viscosity caused by exposure to the sun, meanwhile, the scattering and leakage of goods transported by trains and inevitable impurities such as dust, sand grains, coal dust and the like on the railways are mixed with the lubricating oil, so that the conversion resistance is increased, and the turnout conversion is poor. The oiling operation not only pollutes the environment and causes a large amount of manpower and material waste, but also can cause great threat to the personal safety of turnout maintainers along with the increase of the train speed and the increase of the train running density. The slider bed plate is an important component of a turnout and plays a role in supporting a point rail and buckling and pressing a stock rail in the whole length range of the point rail. The lubrication state of the turnout directly influences the operation reliability of the turnout, and the running safety is concerned. When the switch rail is switched, the friction force of the switch rail and the slide plate is the main component of the switch switching force, and the method for reducing the friction force is an effective method for reducing the switch switching force and improving the switch reliability and the train safety. For high speed turnouts and long switch rails of large size, it is more desirable to reduce the friction between the switch rail and the slide plate. Therefore, in view of the vigorous development of the high-speed railway in China, the development of a novel turnout sliding bed plate material with self-lubrication is very necessary.
At present, slide plate used for railway turnout in China is mainly a welded part made of Q235 steel, and is strengthened by surface treatment processes such as hard chromium electroplating and the like, but the slide plate still needs to be coated with thin oil or paint for antifriction, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Taking the most common AT point switches as an example, the slide plate mainly bears the pressure of the point and the friction force during conversion under the condition of no traveling crane. Dozens of pairs of trains need to pass through the railway trunk line every day, and when the trains pass through, the slide plate mainly bears the pressure and the huge impact force of the switch rail, and the pressure of the switch rail is generally not more than 0.5 kN. The maximum switching force at the point rail switching is 10kN and generally does not exceed 6 kN. In industrial areas where factory and mine coal yards, freight station throat switches and car transportation production meet, due to the fact that in the coal processing, turnover and car transportation processes, dust and coal ash and scattered objects on trains are many, lines sink, dust and lubricating oil are coated with silt and accumulated mud, and a switch slide plate is seriously polluted and eroded. The pollution and corrosion can cause the increase of the rotation resistance of the turnout, and the service life of the electric switch machine is 1-2 years less than that of the common rail environment. The switch points are occasionally out of service and the running operation is interrupted due to the lubricating fault, and the switch point guard maintenance problem is quite prominent. Therefore, under the above working conditions, a turnout sliding bed plate material with excellent antifriction, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant performances is further required.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a Ni-doped Ti which addresses the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art3SiC2the/Cu composite material is fixed on the surface of a Q235 steel plate in a mechanical mode to form an embedded self-lubricating layer, and plays excellent performances of friction reduction, wear resistance and corrosion resistance in service.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a Ni-doped Ti3SiC2/Cu composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing Ti3SiC2Mixing the powder, Ni powder and Cu powder and then carrying out ball milling treatment;
s2, putting the powder after ball milling treatment into a die for cold pressing and pressureless sintering treatment to obtain Ni-doped Ti3SiC2Cu composite material, Ni doped Ti3SiC2Ti in/Cu composite material3SiC2The content of (A) is 10Vol.% to 30 Vol.%.
Specifically, in step S1, Ti3SiC2The powder, the Ni powder and the Cu powder comprise the following components in percentage by weight: ti3SiC2The powder component is 10Vol.% to 30Vol.%, the Ni powder component is 8Vol.% to 10Vol.%, and the Cu powder component is 60Vol.% to 82 Vol.%.
Specifically, in step S1, Ti3SiC2The particle size of the powder is 200-325 meshes, the purity is 97.5-99.0%; the granularity of the Ni powder is 100-200 meshes, and the purity is 98.5-99.9%; the granularity of the Cu powder is 100-200 meshes, and the purity is 98.5-99.9%.
Further, Ti3SiC2The shape and structure of the powder are irregular, the Ni powder is water atomized spherical powder, and the Cu powder is water atomized spherical powder.
Specifically, in step S1, the ball milling time is 3 to 4 hours, and the ball milling speed is 200 to 250 rpm.
Specifically, in step S2, the mold is a rectangular parallelepiped mold having a size of 20mm × 20mm × 5mm to 80mm × 80mm × 10 mm.
Specifically, in step S2, the load of the cold pressing treatment is 400 to 800MPa, and the retention time is 180 to 240 seconds.
Specifically, in the step S2, in the pressureless sintering process, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 500 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 10-12 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-2.5 hours.
Another aspect of the present invention is a Ti3SiC2The hardness of the/Cu composite material is 107.5-165.6 HV, and the bending strength is 72.6-235.6 MPa.
The other technical scheme of the invention is that the prepared Ni-doped Ti3SiC2/Cu composite material is applied to a turnout sliding bed bedplate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the Ni-doped Ti3SiC2/Cu composite material and the preparation method thereof are molded under the parameters of ball milling, cold pressing and pressureless sintering, and can ensure that a small amount of Ti is not only contained3SiC2The particles are decomposed into TiC, so that the mechanical property, the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance are improved, and a large amount of Ti can be prevented3SiC2The particles are decomposed to ensure Ti3SiC2The particles play a self-lubricating role, the friction coefficient of the material under the service working condition of the bedplate of the sliding bed can be reduced to be below 0.2, the bending strength of the material reaches 235.6MPa, and the micro Vickers hardness reaches 165.6HV, so that the service performance and the service life of the material are greatly improved.
Further, Ti3SiC2The powder, the Ni powder and the Cu powder comprise the following components in percentage by weight: ti3SiC2The powder has the components of 10-30 Vol.%, the Ni powder has the components of 8-10 Vol.%, and the Cu powder has the components of 60-82 Vol.%, so that the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance are effectively improved, and the service life of the material is prolonged.
Further, Ti3SiC2The granularity of the powder is 200-325 meshes, and the purity is 97.5% -99.0%; the granularity of the Ni powder is 100-200 meshes, and the purity is 98.5-99.9%; the granularity of the Cu powder is 100-200 meshes, the purity is 98.5-99.9%, impurities can be reduced to the minimum degree, no harmful phase is separated out from a crystal boundary and a phase boundary, and the material performance is further improved.
Further, Ti3SiC2The shape structure of the powder is irregular, the Ni powder is water atomized spherical powder, and the Cu powder is water atomized spherical powder, so that the ceramic particles and the metal powder can be fully and uniformly mixed in the ball milling process.
Furthermore, the time of ball milling treatment is 3-4 hours, the speed of ball milling treatment is 200-250 rpm, so that the ceramic particles and the metal powder can be fully and uniformly mixed, and the defects of pores, insufficient sintering and the like in the subsequent sintering process can be reduced.
Further, the die is a rectangular parallelepiped die having a size of 20mm × 20mm × 5mm to 80mm × 80mm × 10mm, and can secure a small sample workpiece and a large sample workpiece.
Furthermore, the load of cold pressing treatment is 400-800 MPa, the load retention time is 180-240 seconds, the size precision of a workpiece can be guaranteed, sintering defects are reduced, and the sample piece is prevented from being cracked due to overlarge stress.
Further, in the pressureless sintering treatment, when the temperature is between room temperature and 500 ℃, the heating rate is 10-12 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-2.5 hours, so that the defects of sample piece explosion, delamination, segregation, deformation and the like caused by too high sintering heating rate can be avoided, the pores in the tissue are reduced, and the Ni element is fully doped into the tissue.
The application of Ni-doped Ti3SiC2/Cu composite material in the bedplate of the turnout sliding bed is realized by utilizingNi doped Ti3SiC2The novel copper-based self-lubricating railway turnout sliding bed plate is prepared by preparing a self-lubricating layer from a Cu composite material and is fixed on a Q235 steel plate in a mechanical mode, the novel copper-based self-lubricating railway turnout sliding bed plate is obtained finally, the sliding bed plate has good friction reduction, wear resistance and corrosion resistance under a dry friction condition, manual maintenance is not needed, the traditional sliding bed plate depending on oil lubrication at present is replaced, the transportation safety is guaranteed, the railway operation cost is reduced, the future railway development requirements are met, and the novel copper-based self-lubricating railway turnout sliding bed plate has a wide application prospect.
In conclusion, aiming at the defects of the prior turnout sliding bed plate, the material can be fixed on the surface of a Q235 steel plate in a mechanical mode and forms an embedded self-lubricating layer, so that the material has excellent antifriction, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant performances in service and has a wide application market.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows Ni-doped Ti3SiC2The pressureless sintering temperature curve diagram of the Cu composite material;
FIG. 2 shows Ni-doped Ti3SiC2A scanning electron microscope microstructure low-power topography of the/Cu composite material;
FIG. 3 shows Ni-doped Ti3SiC2A scanning electron microscope microstructure high-power topography of the/Cu composite material;
FIG. 4 shows Ni-doped Ti3SiC2A microstructure surface scanning area high-power topography of the/Cu composite material;
FIG. 5 shows Ni-doped Ti3SiC2And the surface scanning spectrum of the/Cu composite material.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Various structural schematics according to the disclosed embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
The invention provides Ni-doped Ti3SiC2The preparation method of the composite material comprises the steps of adopting a pressureless sintering powder metallurgy technology and combining the characteristics of Ni doping components, and designing the components to be 20-25 Vol.% Ti according to the service working condition characteristics of the material used for the embedded turnout sliding bed bedplate3SiC2Content of Ti3SiC2a/Cu composite material. The material relies on Ti3SiC2The particles can realize self-lubricating function by doping Ni elementThe Ni-doped Ti alloy not only improves the mechanical properties of the material such as hardness, bending strength and the like, but also improves the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the material, and the Ni-doped Ti alloy can be used for a turnout sliding bed plate after the steps of powder preparation, ball milling, cold pressing, pressureless sintering and the like3SiC2a/Cu composite material. The material can be fixed on the surface of a Q235 steel plate in a mechanical mode and forms an embedded self-lubricating layer, so that the material plays excellent antifriction, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant properties in service and has a wide application market.
The invention relates to Ni-doped Ti3SiC2The preparation method of the/Cu composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing Ti3SiC2Mixing the powder, Ni powder and Cu powder according to a certain component proportion, and pouring the mixture into a ball milling tank for ball milling;
Ti3SiC2the powder, the Ni powder and the Cu powder comprise the following components in percentage by weight: ti3SiC2The powder component is 10Vol.% to 30Vol.%, the Ni powder component is 8Vol.% to 10Vol.%, and the Cu powder component is 60Vol.% to 82 Vol.%.
Ti3SiC2The granularity of the powder is 200-325 meshes, the purity is 97.5% -99.0%, and the shape and the structure are irregular; the Ni powder has the granularity of 100-200 meshes and the purity of 98.5-99.9 percent, and is water atomized into spherical powder; the Cu powder has the granularity of 100-200 meshes and the purity of 98.5-99.9 percent, and is water atomized into spherical powder.
The ball milling parameters are that the ball milling time is 3-4 hours, and the ball milling speed is 200-250 rpm.
S2, filling the powder which is well ball-milled and uniformly dispersed into a specific mould, and carrying out cold pressing and pressureless sintering treatment to obtain the Ni-doped Ti which can be used for the turnout sliding bed plate3SiC2A Cu composite material.
Wherein, a cuboid mold with the size of 20mm multiplied by 5mm to 80mm multiplied by 10mm is adopted.
The cold pressing parameter is load 400-800 MPa, and the load retention time is 180-240 seconds.
Referring to fig. 1, the specific parameters of the pressureless sintering are from room temperature to 500 ℃, the heating rate is 10-12 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-2.5 hours.
Ni doped Ti3SiC2Compared with the traditional Ti, the/Cu composite material3SiC2The mechanical property of the reinforced copper-based composite material is improved. Ti in the material composition3SiC2The reinforcing phase has higher hardness and plays a role in dispersion strengthening on the matrix, and a small amount of Ti3SiC2The TiC with higher hardness can be decomposed to effectively form second phase strengthening, and in addition, the doping of the Ni element enables the material to generate solid solution strengthening, so that the strength and the hardness of the material are obviously improved. Wherein, Ti3SiC2Ti in a content of 10Vol.% and 30 Vol%3SiC2The hardness of the/Cu composite was 107.5HV and 165.6HV, respectively. Further, doping of Ni element to Ti3SiC2The bending strength of the/Cu composite material is also obviously improved when Ti is used3AlC2The bending strength of the composite material after doping Ni element is increased from 201.8MPa and 68.5MPa to 235.6MPa and 72.6MPa respectively when the content is 10Vol.% and 30 Vol.%.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Magnetic suspension turnout sliding bed bedplate
1) 30Vol.% of Ti3SiC2The powder, 10Vol.% Ni powder and 60Vol.% Cu powder were mixed and poured into a ball mill potAnd performing ball milling.
Ti3SiC2The granularity of the powder is 325 meshes, the purity is 99.0 percent, and the shape and the structure are irregular; the granularity of the Ni powder is 200 meshes, the purity is 99.9 percent, and the Ni powder is water atomized into spherical powder; the Cu powder has a particle size of 200 meshes and a purity of 99.9%, and is water atomized into spherical powder. The ball milling parameters are that the ball milling time is 4 hours and the ball milling speed is 250 rpm.
2) The powder which is well ball-milled and uniformly dispersed is filled into a specific die for cold pressing and pressureless sintering treatment, and then the Ni-doped Ti which can be used for a turnout sliding bed bedplate can be obtained3SiC2a/Cu composite material.
A rectangular parallelepiped mold having dimensions of 20mm by 200mm by 5mm was used. The cold pressing parameter is 800MPa of load, and the load retention time is 240 seconds. The specific parameters of the pressureless sintering are that the temperature rising speed is 10 ℃/min when the temperature is between room temperature and 500 ℃, the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours.
Example 2
Sliding bed plate for railway switch on plateau
1) 20 Vol.% of Ti3SiC2The powder, 9 Vol.% Ni powder and 71 Vol.% Cu powder were mixed and poured into a ball mill pot for ball milling.
Ti3SiC2The granularity of the powder is 250 meshes, the purity is 98.0 percent, and the shape and the structure are irregular; the particle size of the Ni powder is 150 meshes, the purity is 99.0 percent, and the Ni powder is water atomized into spherical powder; the Cu powder has a particle size of 150 meshes and a purity of 99.0 percent, and is water atomized into spherical powder. The ball milling parameters are that the ball milling time is 4 hours and the ball milling speed is 200 rpm.
2) The powder which is well ball-milled and uniformly dispersed is filled into a specific die for cold pressing and pressureless sintering treatment, and then the Ni-doped Ti which can be used for a turnout sliding bed bedplate can be obtained3SiC2a/Cu composite material.
Wherein, a rectangular solid mold with the size of 70mm multiplied by 8mm is adopted. The cold pressing parameter is 700MPa of load, and the load retention time is 200 seconds. The specific parameters of the pressureless sintering are that the temperature rising speed is 11 ℃/min when the temperature is between room temperature and 500 ℃, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Example 3
Light rail turnout sliding bed bedplate
1) 25 Vol.% of Ti3SiC2The powder, 8Vol.% Ni powder and 67 Vol.% Cu powder were mixed and poured into a ball mill pot for ball milling.
Ti3SiC2The granularity of the powder is 200 meshes, the purity is 98.0 percent, and the shape and the structure are irregular; the granularity of the Ni powder is 150 meshes, the purity is 99.0 percent, and the Ni powder is water atomized into spherical powder; the Cu powder has a particle size of 150 meshes and a purity of 99.0 percent, and is water atomized into spherical powder. The ball milling parameters are that the ball milling time is 3.5 hours and the ball milling speed is 220 rpm.
2) The powder which is well ball-milled and uniformly dispersed is filled into a specific die for cold pressing and pressureless sintering treatment, and then the Ni-doped Ti which can be used for a turnout sliding bed bedplate can be obtained3SiC2a/Cu composite material.
Wherein, a cuboid mould with the size of 50mm multiplied by 6mm is adopted. The cold pressing parameter is load 600MPa, and the load retention time is 200 seconds. The specific parameters of the pressureless sintering are that the temperature rising speed is 10 ℃/min when the temperature is between room temperature and 500 ℃, the sintering temperature is 950 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Example 4
Sliding bed plate for heavy-duty railway turnout
1) Add 10Vol.% of Ti3SiC2The powder, 10Vol.% Ni powder and 80 Vol.% Cu powder were mixed and poured into a ball mill pot for ball milling.
Ti3SiC2The granularity of the powder is 200 meshes, the purity is 97.5 percent, and the shape and the structure are irregular; the granularity of the Ni powder is 100 meshes, the purity is 98.5 percent, and the Ni powder is water atomized into spherical powder; the Cu powder has a particle size of 100 meshes and a purity of 98.5%, and is water atomized into spherical powder. The ball milling parameters are that the ball milling time is 3 hours and the ball milling speed is 200 rpm.
2) The powder which is well ball-milled and uniformly dispersed is filled into a specific die for cold pressing and pressureless sintering treatment, and then the Ni-doped Ti which can be used for a turnout sliding bed bedplate can be obtained3SiC2a/Cu composite material.
Wherein, a cuboid mould with the size of 80mm multiplied by 10mm is adopted. The cold pressing parameter is load 400MPa, and the load retention time is 180 seconds. The specific parameters of the pressureless sintering are that the temperature rising speed is 10 ℃/min when the temperature is between room temperature and 500 ℃, the sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Ni-doped Ti which can be used for a turnout sliding bed bedplate is prepared by the method in the embodiment3SiC2The scanning electron microscope images of the/Cu composite material are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and it can be seen that Ti3SiC2The particles and a small amount of TiC are uniformly distributed and dispersed; as can be seen from the EDS line scan diagrams shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5, the curve at the phase interface is steep, the slope is high, the element content change is large, the Cu element content in the second phase is low, and the matrix contains only a small amount of Si element, indicating that the diffusion degree is low. FIG. 5 shows Ti after Ni doping3AlC2The mechanical property of the/Cu composite material is obviously enhanced, and particularly, the enhancement is more prominent when the content of the second phase is higher.
These findings are all Ti-doped Ni3SiC2The structure performance of the/Cu composite material and the doping of Ni element play a proving role, and the Ni is doped with Ti3SiC2The large-scale popularization of the/Cu composite material provides a feasible preparation method.
In summary, the present invention relates to a Ni-doped Ti3SiC2The Cu composite material and the preparation method thereof have strong controllability of the preparation process and wide application range, can be widely popularized and applied in the fields of high-speed railways, plateau railways, heavy haul railways, light rails, magnetic suspension and the like, effectively improve the performance and the service life of components of turnout sliding bed tables, and promote the economic construction development of China.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. Ni-doped Ti3SiC2The preparation method of the/Cu composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing Ti3SiC2Mixing the powder, Ni powder and Cu powder, ball milling to obtain Ti powder3SiC2The powder, the Ni powder and the Cu powder comprise the following components in percentage by weight: ti3SiC2The powder comprises 10-30 Vol.%, the Ni powder comprises 8-10 Vol.%, the Cu powder comprises 60-82 Vol.%, and the Ti powder comprises Ti3SiC2The granularity of the powder is 200-325 meshes, and the purity is 97.5-99.0%; the granularity of the Ni powder is 100-200 meshes, and the purity is 98.5-99.9%; the granularity of the Cu powder is 100-200 meshes, and the purity is 98.5-99.9%;
s2, putting the powder subjected to ball milling into a die for cold pressing and pressureless sintering, wherein the die is a cuboid die with the size of 20mm multiplied by 5 mm-80 mm multiplied by 10mm, and obtaining the Ni-doped Ti3SiC2Cu composite material, Ni doped Ti3SiC2Ti in/Cu composite material3SiC2The content of (1) is 10-30 Vol%, and in the pressureless sintering treatment, when the temperature is from room temperature to 500 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 10-12 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-2.5 hours.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, Ti3SiC2The shape and structure of the powder are irregular, the Ni powder is water atomized spherical powder, and the Cu powder is water atomized spherical powder.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling time is 3 to 4 hours and the ball milling speed is 200 to 250rpm in step S1.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the load of the cold pressing process is 400-800 MPa, and the dwell time is 180-240 seconds.
5. The Ni-doped Ti3SiC2/Cu composite prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein the Ti is Ti3SiC2/Cu3SiC2The hardness of the/Cu composite material is 107.5-165.6 HV, and the bending strength is 72.6-235.6 MPa.
6. Ni-doped Ti prepared by the method of claim 13SiC2The application of the/Cu composite material in the turnout sliding bed bedplate.
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