CN113403111A

CN113403111A - Energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace and coal gasification method

Info

Publication number: CN113403111A
Application number: CN202110868618.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李广民; 丁满福; 任金锁; 仙运昌; 周印梅; 陈海峰; 贾雷
Original assignee: Shanxi Yangmei Chemical Industry Machinery Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanxi Yangmei Chemical Industry Machinery Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-30
Filing date: 2021-07-30
Publication date: 2021-09-17

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace and a coal gasification method. The membrane type water-cooled wall is provided with an upper header and a lower header, and the upper header is connected with a steam-water outlet. The membrane water wall is internally coated with a heat insulation layer. The heat exchanger comprises a plurality of vertical tubes and fins, the tubes and the fins are connected with a lower header of the membrane water-cooled wall, a heat exchanger header is arranged at the lower end of the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger header is connected with a water inlet. The furnace hearth refractory brick heat utilization system overcomes the defect that the temperature of the existing gasifier hearth refractory bricks is limited, improves the utilization efficiency of crude gas heat value heat, thereby improving the heat efficiency of the whole system, reducing the carrying amount of fine ash and adjusting the water-gas ratio, effectively adjusting the stability of the liquid level by the balance assembly to reduce the water circulation amount, reducing the investment and operation cost, saving energy, protecting environment, and meeting the requirement of long-period safe and stable operation of equipment.

Description

Energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace and coal gasification method

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to an apparatus for coal gasification and refining technologies and a method for coal gasification, and more particularly to an energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace and a method for coal gasification.

Background

The gasification furnace of the invention refers to that raw material coal (without limitation of coal types) is made into water-coal-slurry and sent into the gasification furnace to be burned to produce chemical product raw material gas. The conventional gasification furnace lining is usually made of refractory brick materials, the refractory brick materials are very expensive and easy to wear, the manufacturing, installation, maintenance and replacement of the refractory bricks are very complex, the refractory bricks are replaced once, the time from one month to two months is required for disassembling, building, baking, checking and pressure testing, the furnace preparation work is seriously influenced, meanwhile, the heating temperature of the refractory bricks is limited, the operation temperature of the gasification furnace needs to be strictly controlled in the using process, the gasification of high-ash-melting-point coal is influenced, the coal type adaptation range is limited, the cheap coal cannot be widely used, and the application range of the high-ash-melting-point coal is narrowed. The existing gasification furnace adopts a chilling cooling mode, the temperature of the crude gas discharged from a combustion chamber is reduced from 1350 ℃ to about 1200 ℃, the crude gas enters a chilling chamber for water bath cooling, a large amount of cooling water needs to be supplemented, and the crude gas is cooled and washed to reach the temperature required for conversion and is sent to a subsequent working section from a crude gas outlet, so that the calorific value heat of the crude gas is not fully recycled and wasted, the thermal efficiency of a system is low, the cost is increased, the long-period operation of equipment is influenced, and the operation stability of a gasification device is reduced.

Therefore, in view of the above problems, it is an urgent need to solve by those skilled in the art how to improve and optimize the existing gasification furnace, and provide a gasification furnace in which the temperature of the hearth lining of the gasification furnace is not limited and the heat utilization efficiency of the raw gas heat value can be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides an energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace, which includes a housing 1 and an internal part, wherein the housing 1 is provided with a raw gas outlet 001, a manhole 002, a water inlet 003, a steam-water outlet 004, and a slag outlet 11; the internal part comprises a combustion chamber 01, a heat exchange chamber 02, a chilling chamber 03 and a slag pool 04, wherein a burner 2 is arranged in the combustion chamber 01, a membrane water wall 3 is also arranged in the combustion chamber 01, and a heat exchanger 5 is arranged in the heat exchange chamber 02.

Optionally, the membrane water wall 3 is provided with an upper header and a lower header, the upper header being connected to 3 or more of the steam-water outlets 004.

Optionally, the membrane water walls 3 are internally coated with a thermal insulation layer.

Optionally, the heat exchanger 5 includes a plurality of vertical tubes and fins, the tubes and the fins are connected to the lower header of the membrane water wall 3, a heat exchanger header is disposed at a lower end of the heat exchanger 5, the heat exchanger header is connected to 3 or more water inlets 003, a plurality of sets of vertical tube panels are disposed inside the heat exchanger header, the vertical tube panels are radially and uniformly distributed along a circumference, and a minimum distance is 360-500 mm.

Optionally, the energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace further comprises an annular partition plate 6 and a sealing element 7, the annular partition plate 6 and the sealing element 7 divide the interior of the energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace into an upper sealed cavity and a lower sealed cavity, and the annular partition plate 6 is connected with the heat exchanger header.

Optionally, the distance between the outer circle of the annular partition plate 6 and the inner wall of the energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace is 2-5mm, the sealing element 7 is fixedly welded at the lower edge of the outer circle of the annular partition plate 6, and the sealing element 7 is C-shaped or omega-shaped.

Optionally, a separation component 8, an air guide component 10 and a balance component 9 are arranged inside the chilling chamber 03, the separation component 8 is provided with a double-channel shell ring, the lower portion of the double-channel shell ring extends into the position 600 mm below the liquid level of the molten pool of the chilling chamber 03, 900mm away from the molten pool, a baffle is arranged at the lower portion of the outer wall of the double-channel shell ring, and an included angle between the baffle and the double-channel shell ring is 45-75 degrees.

Optionally, the air guide assembly 10 includes cylinder, lower cone and spiral guide plate, spiral guide plate with the inner wall connection of cylinder, the balance assembly 9 is including taking over, apron, stand-off pipe, the apron with take over up end sealing connection, take over upper end circumference equipartition and open there is the rectangular channel.

Optionally, the energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace further comprises an anti-wear assembly 4, and the anti-wear assembly 4 is arranged at the joint of the lower outlet of the membrane water wall 3 and the heat exchanger 5.

The present disclosure also provides a method for coal gasification using the energy-saving and low-consumption gasifier as described above, the method comprising: injecting a gasification raw material and a gasification agent from the top of the energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace, so that the gasification raw material and the gasification agent are subjected to gasification reaction in a combustion chamber 01 to generate crude gas, performing heat exchange between the crude gas and medium water in a pipe in a heat exchanger 5, and after being chilled in a chilling chamber 03, allowing the crude gas to flow to a crude gas outlet 001 through an air guide component 9; the slag enters the slag bath 04 and is discharged through the lower slag outlet 11.

Compared with the prior art, the energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace disclosed by the invention has the following characteristics: the device comprises a shell 1 and an internal part, wherein a raw gas outlet 001, a manhole 002, a water inlet 003, a steam-water outlet 004 and a slag outlet 11 are arranged on the shell 1; the internal part comprises a combustion chamber 01, a heat exchange chamber 02, a chilling chamber 03 and a slag pool 04, wherein a burner 2 is arranged in the combustion chamber 01, a membrane water wall 3 is also arranged in the combustion chamber 01, and a heat exchanger 5 is arranged in the heat exchange chamber 02. The energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace also comprises an annular partition plate 6 and a sealing element 7. A separation component 8, an air guide component 10 and a balance component 9 are arranged in the chilling chamber 03. The energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace also comprises an anti-abrasion assembly 4. In addition, the method for coal gasification by the energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace according to the present disclosure can inject a gasification raw material and a gasification agent from the top of the energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace, so that the gasification reaction is performed in the combustion chamber 01 to generate raw gas, the heat exchange between the raw gas and the medium water in the pipe is performed in the heat exchanger 5, and the raw gas flows to the raw gas outlet 001 through the gas guide assembly 9 after being chilled in the chilling chamber 03; the slag enters the slag bath 04 and is discharged through the lower slag outlet 11. The energy-saving low-consumption gasifier and the method for gasifying coal solve the defect that the temperature of refractory bricks of the hearth of the existing gasifier is limited, and improve the utilization efficiency of crude gas heat value heat, thereby improving the heat efficiency of the whole system, reducing the investment and operation cost, and meeting the requirement of long-period safe and stable operation of equipment.

Drawings

The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, in the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout:

fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating an energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

In the upper drawing, 1 is a shell; 2 is a burner; 3 is a membrane type water-cooled wall; 4, an anti-abrasion component; 5 is a heat exchanger; 6 is an annular clapboard; 7 is a sealing element; 8 is a separation component; 9 is a balance component; 10 is an air guide component; 11 is a slag outlet; 01 is a combustion chamber; 02 is a heat exchange chamber; 03 is a chilling chamber; 04 is a slag pool; 001 is a crude gas outlet; 002 is a manhole; 003 is a water inlet; 004 is a steam outlet.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Nothing in the following detailed description is intended to indicate that any particular component, feature, or step is essential to the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various features or steps may be substituted for or combined with one another without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 1, an energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace comprises a shell 1 and an internal part, wherein the shell 1 is provided with a raw gas outlet 001, a manhole 002, a water inlet 003, a steam-water outlet 004 and a slag outlet 11; the internal part comprises a combustion chamber 01, a heat exchange chamber 02, a chilling chamber 03 and a slag pool 04, wherein a burner 2 is arranged in the combustion chamber 01, a membrane water-cooled wall 3 is also arranged in the combustion chamber 01, and a heat exchanger 5 is arranged in the heat exchange chamber 02. The membrane type water-cooled wall 3 replaces refractory bricks, the temperature of a hearth can be increased to 1700 ℃, the gasification problem of low-quality coal, high-sulfur, high-ash and high-ash fusion point coal is solved, the application range of coal types is expanded, the heat exchange chamber 02 can improve the heat recovery of the crude gas coal heat value, the heat of the coal heat value can be recovered by 11-16%, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.

In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the membrane water wall 3 is provided with an upper header and a lower header, the upper header being connected with 3 or more steam-water outlets 004. The membrane type water-cooled wall 3 forms a closed cylindrical space chamber and forms an annular cavity space with the pressure-bearing shell, the annular cavity space is protected by nitrogen, and the temperature of the shell is reduced, so that the pressure-bearing shell is in a safe temperature range. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the annular space may also be protected with other gases, such as inert gases.

In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the membrane wall 3 is pinned and coated with insulation. The heat-insulating layer material can be a SiC material, and has stable high-temperature chemical property, excellent high-temperature strength, high wear resistance and good thermal shock resistance. Can improve the high-temperature resistance and heat insulation performance of the gasification chamber and broaden the coal adaptability of the gasification furnace. Other conventional insulating layer materials may also be used by those skilled in the art to perform the insulating function described above, such as an aluminum silicate refractory fiber blanket or an aluminum oxide refractory fiber felt.

In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the heat exchanger 5 includes a plurality of vertical tubes and fins, which may form a cylindrical or prismatic sealed cavity, the tubes and fins are connected to a lower header of the membrane water wall 3, a heat exchanger header is disposed at a lower end of the heat exchanger 5, the heat exchanger header is connected to 3 or more water inlets 003, a plurality of groups of vertical tube panels are disposed inside the heat exchanger header, the vertical tube panels are radially and uniformly distributed along a circumference, and a minimum distance is 360-500mm, so as to prevent slag accumulation between the tube panels. The boiler water from the external steam drum returns to the steam drum through the water inlet 003, the heat exchanger 5, the membrane water wall 3 and the steam-water outlet 004 to carry out gas-liquid separation, and high-temperature and high-pressure steam is by-produced to form a circulation loop system. The combustion chamber 01 and the heat exchange chamber 02 are integrated, and a ring cavity formed between the combustion chamber 01 and the heat exchange chamber 02 and the shell 1 is filled with nitrogen or other inert gases for protection. Other conventional arrangements of heat exchangers 5, such as coil arrangements, may also be used by those skilled in the art to accomplish the heat exchange function described above.

In a preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace further comprises an annular partition plate 6 and a sealing element 7, the annular partition plate 6 and the sealing element 7 divide the energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace into an upper sealing cavity and a lower sealing cavity, steam, crude gas and ash are prevented from entering the upper cavity and adhering to the wall surface of the pipe, corrosion of the outer walls of the membrane water wall 3 and the heat exchanger 5 is avoided, and the annular partition plate 6 is connected with the heat exchanger header.

In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the distance between the outer circle of the annular partition 6 and the inner wall of the energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace is 2-5mm, as shown in fig. 1, the sealing element 7 is fixedly welded at the lower edge of the outer circle of the annular partition 6, the sealing element 7 is C-shaped or omega-shaped and has the characteristic of radial free expansion, and the heat exchanger 5 exchanges heat with medium water in the pipe through the raw gas, thereby improving the recovery of the heat value of the raw gas, i.e. the conversion efficiency of the heat. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the sealing element 7 may also be used in other conventional shapes than C-shaped or Ω -shaped, for example, O-shaped, Y-shaped, V-shaped, U-shaped or L-shaped, etc.

In a preferred embodiment of the application, a separation component 8, an air guide component 10 and a balance component 9 are arranged inside the chilling chamber 03, the separation component 8 is provided with a double-channel cylindrical section, the lower part of the double-channel cylindrical section extends to 600-900mm below the liquid level of a molten pool of the chilling chamber 03, a baffle is arranged at the lower part of the outer wall of the double-channel cylindrical section, the included angle between the baffle and the double-channel cylindrical section is 45-75 degrees, water is supplemented inside the chilling section to realize the functions of crude gas washing and slag chilling, the crude gas is subjected to gas-solid separation through an internal channel, the slag enters a slag pool 04 and is discharged through a slag outlet 11 at the lower part, and the separated crude gas is subjected to washing, cooling and baffling of the separation section, flows to a shell air outlet through the air guide component 9 and is sent to a subsequent section.

In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the air guide assembly 10 includes a cylinder, a lower cone and a spiral guide plate, the spiral guide plate is connected to the inner wall of the cylinder, and the spiral guide plate further separates gas, liquid and fine ash to prevent from being brought into the pipeline and subsequent systems, so as to cause abrasion to the pipeline and equipment, influence the service life of the equipment, and avoid potential safety hazards.

In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the balancing assembly 9 includes a connection pipe, a cover plate, and an outlet pipe, the cover plate is hermetically connected to the upper end surface of the connection pipe, rectangular grooves are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the upper end of the connection pipe, the lower portions of the rectangular grooves are flush with the liquid level, and when the device is in normal operation, the liquid level grey water overflows through the rectangular grooves to achieve the balance of liquid level adjustment. The balance assembly 9 effectively adjusts the stability of the liquid level, can reduce the chilling water quantity and the circulating quantity of the grey water by two thirds, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and improves the long-period stable operation of the equipment.

In a preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the energy-saving and low-consumption gasifier further includes an anti-wear assembly 4, where the anti-wear assembly 4 is disposed at a connection between a lower outlet of the membrane water-cooled wall 3 and the heat exchanger 5, so as to prevent wear and erosion of the main water-cooled wall and protect the main water-cooled wall.

In a preferred embodiment of the present application, a method for coal gasification using an energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace, which is performed by all or a part of the energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace provided above, specifically includes:

the gasification raw material and the gasification agent are injected from the top burner 2 of the energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace, so that the gasification reaction is carried out in the combustion chamber 01 to generate raw gas, the membrane water-cooled wall 3 is used for replacing refractory bricks, the temperature of the hearth can be increased to 1700 ℃, and the application range of the coal is expanded. The combustion products are raw gas containing a small amount of impurities (including chlorides, sulfides, nitrogen, argon, methane, etc.), liquid slag, and fine solid particles. The heat exchange between the raw gas and the medium water in the pipe is carried out in the heat exchanger 5, so that the heat recovery of the coal calorific value of the raw gas can be improved. After the crude gas is chilled in the chilling chamber 03, most particles are left in water, and the crude gas flows to a crude gas outlet 001 through the gas guide component 9; the slag solidifies in the water bath, sinks into the slag bath 04 and is discharged through the slag outlet 11 at the lower part.

In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In the present embodiments, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.

While exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous modifications, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

Claims

1. An energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace, comprising:

the gas-water separator comprises a shell (1) and an internal part, wherein a crude gas outlet (001), a manhole (002), a water inlet (003), a steam-water outlet (004) and a slag outlet (11) are formed in the shell (1); the internal part comprises a combustion chamber (01), a heat exchange chamber (02), a chilling chamber (03) and a slag bath (04), wherein a burner (2) is arranged in the combustion chamber (01), and the internal part is characterized in that a membrane water-cooling wall (3) is further arranged in the combustion chamber (01), and a heat exchanger (5) is arranged in the heat exchange chamber (02).

2. The energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the membrane water wall (3) is provided with an upper header and a lower header, and the upper header is connected with 3 or more of the steam-water outlets (004).

3. The energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the inside of the membrane water wall (3) is coated with a heat insulating layer.

4. The energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace according to claim 2, wherein the heat exchanger (5) comprises a plurality of vertical tubes and fins, the tubes and the fins are connected with the lower header of the membrane water wall (3), the lower end of the heat exchanger (5) is provided with a heat exchanger header, the heat exchanger header is connected with 3 or more water inlets (003), a plurality of groups of vertical tube panels are arranged in the heat exchanger header, and the vertical tube panels are radially and uniformly distributed along the circumference, and the minimum distance is 360-500 mm.

5. The energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace according to claim 4, further comprising an annular partition plate (6) and a sealing element (7), wherein the annular partition plate (6) and the sealing element (7) divide the interior of the energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace into an upper sealed cavity and a lower sealed cavity, and the annular partition plate (6) is connected with the heat exchanger header.

6. The energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the outer circle of the annular partition plate (6) and the inner wall of the energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace is 2-5mm, the sealing element (7) is fixedly welded at the lower edge of the outer circle of the annular partition plate (6), and the sealing element (7) is C-shaped or omega-shaped.

7. The energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a separation component (8), an air guide component (10) and a balance component (9) are arranged inside the chilling chamber (03), the separation component (8) is provided with a double-channel cylindrical shell, the lower part of the double-channel cylindrical shell extends into the lower part of the liquid level of the molten pool of the chilling chamber (03) for 600-900mm, the lower part of the outer wall of the double-channel cylindrical shell is provided with a baffle, and the included angle between the baffle and the double-channel cylindrical shell is 45-75 degrees.

8. The energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace according to claim 7, wherein the gas guide assembly (10) comprises a cylinder, a lower cone and a spiral guide plate, the spiral guide plate is connected with the inner wall of the cylinder, the balance assembly (9) comprises a connecting pipe, a cover plate and an outlet pipe, the cover plate is hermetically connected with the upper end face of the connecting pipe, and rectangular grooves are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the upper end of the connecting pipe.

9. The energy-saving and low-consumption gasification furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising an anti-wear assembly (4), wherein the anti-wear assembly (4) is arranged at the connection of the lower outlet of the membrane water wall (3) and the heat exchanger (5).

10. A method for coal gasification using the energy-saving and low-consumption gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method comprises:

injecting a gasification raw material and a gasification agent from the top of the energy-saving low-consumption gasification furnace, so that the gasification raw material and the gasification agent are subjected to gasification reaction in a combustion chamber (01) to generate crude gas, performing heat exchange between the crude gas and medium water in a pipe in a heat exchanger (5), and allowing the crude gas to flow to a crude gas outlet (001) through an air guide component (9) after being chilled in a chilling chamber (03); the slag enters the slag pool (04) and is discharged through a slag outlet (11) at the lower part.