CN110804466A

CN110804466A - Gasification furnace

Info

Publication number: CN110804466A
Application number: CN201911235262.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 管清亮; 张本凤; 马宏波; 岳军; 宋文军; 雷玉龙; 王云杰
Original assignee: Beijing Qing Chuang Jin Hua Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Qing Chuang Jin Hua Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-05
Filing date: 2019-12-05
Publication date: 2020-02-18

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a gasification furnace, which relates to the technical field of gasification equipment, and the technical scheme of the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace shell, wherein a burner nozzle is arranged at the upper end of the gasification furnace shell, and a slag discharge port is arranged at the lower end of the gasification furnace shell; a sealing plate is arranged on the inner side of the gasification furnace shell; an installation cavity is formed on the inner side of the gasification furnace shell and positioned at one side of the sealing plate close to the burner port, and a chilling cavity is formed on the inner side of the gasification furnace shell and positioned at one side of the sealing plate close to the slag discharge port; a gasification chamber is arranged in the installation cavity, a charging opening is formed at one side of the gasification chamber close to the burner port, a descending chamber is arranged on the sealing plate and one side of the sealing plate close to the chilling chamber, a slag port chamber is communicated between the gasification chamber and the descending chamber, and the descending chamber comprises a first water-cooled wall which is annularly arranged and continuously cooled; a synthetic gas outlet communicated with the chilling chamber is arranged on the outer shell of the gasification furnace. The problems that a descending cavity of the gasification furnace is easy to be damaged due to overtemperature and short in service life in the prior art are solved.

Description

Gasification furnace

Technical Field

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of gasification equipment, in particular to a gasification furnace.

Background

The entrained flow coal gasification technology is a leading technology and a key technology of the modern coal chemical industry and is divided into a water chilling process and a waste boiler process according to a synthetic gas cooling mode.

In a gasification furnace with a plurality of downlink water chilling processes applied in industry, high-temperature synthesis gas and slag are generated and are introduced into a chilling chamber from a gasification furnace reaction chamber through a downcomer. Because the temperature of the synthesis gas and the slag is 1200-1400 ℃ or higher, the downcomer needs to be cooled and protected, and cooling water is uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the downcomer through a chilling ring to form a cooling water film so as to protect the downcomer. During cooling, a filter needs to be arranged at the cooling water inlet to avoid blockage of the chilling ring. Even so, receive the influence of factors such as operating mode fluctuation and downcomer gas velocity of flow are higher, the downcomer internal surface can't guarantee to be covered the protection by the water film completely, leads to the downcomer overtemperature impaired, influences the life of downcomer, takes place the vicious accident such as downcomer burns out when serious. Some devices extend the life of the downcomer by improving the quench ring design or providing cooling outside the downcomer, but do not fundamentally solve the problem.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a gasification furnace, which aims to solve the problems that a descending cavity of the gasification furnace is easy to damage due to overtemperature, the service life is short, a chilling part is complex and needs to be replaced frequently in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

according to the embodiment of the invention, the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace shell, wherein a burner nozzle for adding materials to the inner side of the gasification furnace shell is formed at the upper end of the gasification furnace shell, and a slag discharge port is formed at one end, far away from the burner nozzle, of the gasification furnace shell; a sealing plate for separating the burner port and the slag discharge port is arranged on the inner side of the gasification furnace shell; an installation cavity is formed on the inner side of the gasification furnace shell and positioned on one side of the sealing plate close to the burner port, and a chilling cavity is formed on the inner side of the gasification furnace shell and positioned on one side of the sealing plate close to the slag discharge port; a gasification chamber for carrying out gasification reaction is arranged in the mounting chamber, a charging opening is formed at one side of the gasification chamber close to the burner opening, and the charging opening is communicated with the burner opening; a descending cavity is arranged on the sealing plate and on one side close to the chilling cavity, a slag hole cavity is communicated between the gasification cavity and the descending cavity, and the synthetic gas and the molten liquid slag enter the descending cavity through the slag hole cavity; the descending chamber comprises a first water-cooled wall which is annularly arranged and continuously cooled, and a cooling port is formed in one side of the descending chamber, which is close to the slag discharge port; and a synthetic gas outlet communicated with the chilling chamber is arranged on the outer shell of the gasification furnace, and the synthetic gas outlet is positioned between the cooling opening and the sealing plate.

Furthermore, the first water-cooling wall comprises a plurality of first cooling pipes arranged at intervals and fins arranged between every two adjacent cooling pipes, the first cooling pipes surround to form a ring, two ends of the first cooling pipes are communicated with each other respectively, a water inlet is formed at one end close to the slag discharge port, and a water outlet is formed at one end close to the burner port.

Further, the first water-cooled wall comprises second cooling pipes which are annularly arranged along the vertical shaft in a spiral mode, and the second cooling pipes are connected between the pipe sections which are adjacent in the vertical direction in a sealing mode.

Further, the gasification furnace further comprises a cooling circulation device which supplies cooling water to the first water-cooled wall.

Furthermore, the cooling circulation device comprises a steam drum and a cooling water circulation water pump communicated with the steam drum, wherein the first cooling water inlet pipe and the first cooling water outlet pipe are communicated with the first water-cooled wall, the cooling water circulation water pump is communicated with the first cooling water inlet pipe, and the first cooling water outlet pipe is communicated with the steam drum.

Furthermore, a sawtooth plate in a sawtooth shape is arranged on the periphery of one end, close to the cooling opening, of the first water-cooled wall.

Furthermore, a chilling water inlet and a chilling water outlet which are communicated with the chilling chamber are arranged on the outer shell of the gasification furnace.

Further, the vertical distance between the cooling port and the synthesis gas outlet is 0.5-5 m; the quench water level is between the cooling port and the syngas outlet.

The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:

according to the gasification furnace provided by the invention, the gasification chamber, the slag notch chamber and the descending chamber in the gasification furnace are surrounded by the water-cooled wall, and due to the protection effect of cooling water in the water-cooled wall, heat is rapidly removed through convection heat exchange, the water-cooled wall can resist direct scouring of high-temperature synthesis gas and slag, and meanwhile, the lower temperature of the tube wall is kept, and the service life is long; because the temperature of the wall of the water wall of the descending chamber is low, the inner side of the descending chamber does not need to be cooled by a water film, so that a chilling ring and a chilling water filter can be omitted, and a chilling part is simple and does not need to be replaced; the descending cavity of the gasification furnace can recycle heat and produce a byproduct of saturated steam while realizing the chilling of the synthesis gas, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.

The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a projected first water wall in a gasification furnace provided in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view, highlighted as A-A in FIG. 2, provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first waterwall provided in example 2 of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a gasifier shell; 11. a burner port; 12. a slag discharge port; 13. closing the plate; 14. installing a chamber; 15. a syngas outlet; 2. a gasification chamber; 21. a feed inlet; 22. a second water-cooled wall; 3. a slag notch chamber; 31. a third water-cooled wall; 4. a lowering chamber; 41. a cooling port; 42. a first water-cooled wall; 421. a first cooling pipe; 422. a fin; 423. a second cooling pipe; 43. a serrated plate; 5. a quench chamber; 51. a chilled water inlet; 52. a chilled water outlet; 6. a cooling circulation device; 61. a steam drum; 62. a cooling water circulating water pump; 63. a first cooling water inlet pipe; 64. a first cooling water outlet pipe; 65. a second cooling water inlet pipe; 66. a second cooling water outlet pipe; 67. a third cooling water inlet pipe; 68. and a third cooling water outlet pipe.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the present specification, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and the like are used for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or modifications in the relative relationship may be made without substantial changes in the technical content.

A gasification furnace, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, comprises a gasification furnace shell 1, a gasification chamber 2, a slag notch chamber 3, a descending chamber 4 and a chilling chamber 5 are sequentially arranged on the inner side of the gasification furnace shell 1, and the gasification chamber 2, the slag notch chamber 3, the descending chamber 4 and the chilling chamber 5 are sequentially communicated. When the synthesis gas is produced, raw materials and an oxidant are added into the gasification chamber 2, and gasification reaction is carried out in the gasification chamber 2 to generate high-temperature synthesis gas and molten slag. The high-temperature synthesis gas and the molten slag enter the descending chamber 4 through the slag notch chamber 3 and are primarily cooled in the descending chamber 4. The molten slag directly falls into the chilling chamber 5 and is chilled and solidified, and the synthetic gas is discharged after passing through the chilling chamber 5.

A burner nozzle 11 for adding materials to the inner side of the gasification furnace shell 1 is arranged at the upper end of the gasification furnace shell 1, and a slag discharge port 12 is arranged at one end of the gasification furnace shell 1 far away from the burner nozzle 11; a sealing plate 13 for separating the burner port 11 and the slag discharge port 12 is provided inside the gasifier shell 1. An installation chamber 14 is formed inside the gasifier shell 1 and on the side of the sealing plate 13 close to the burner port 11, and a chilling chamber 5 is formed inside the gasifier shell 1 and on the side of the sealing plate 13 close to the slag discharge port 12. The installation chamber 14 is used for installing the gasification chamber 2 and the slag notch chamber 3. A descending chamber 4 is provided within the quench chamber 5, and a slag notch chamber 3 communicates the quench chamber 5 and the gasification chamber 2 through a closure plate 13.

The gasification chamber 2 is provided with a feed inlet 21 at one side close to the burner port 11, and the feed inlet 21 is communicated with the burner port 11; during processing, raw materials enter the gasification chamber 2 through the burner port 11 and the feed port 21.

A cooling port 41 is arranged on one side of the descending chamber 4 close to the slag discharge port 12; the synthetic gas and the molten slag enter the chilling chamber 5 through the cooling hole 41, and finally, the chilled molten slag is discharged through the slag discharge hole 12. A synthetic gas outlet 15 communicated with the chilling chamber 5 is arranged on the gasification furnace shell 1, and the synthetic gas outlet 15 is positioned between the cooling opening 41 and the closing plate 13. The syngas outlet 15 is for the cooled syngas to exit.

In the process of producing the synthesis gas, in order to insulate heat between the gasification chamber 2, the slag notch chamber 3 and the gasification furnace shell 1, the side wall of the descending chamber 4 is cooled and protected, and the service life of the descending chamber is prevented from being reduced due to overhigh temperature. The descending chamber 4 comprises a first water-cooled wall 42 which is annularly arranged, and the gasification chamber 2 is formed by enclosing a second water-cooled wall 22; the slag hole chamber 3 is formed by enclosing a third water-cooled wall 31; the first water-cooled wall 42, the second water-cooled wall 22 and the third water-cooled wall 31 can be continuously cooled. Second water-cooling wall 22, third water-cooling wall 31 play thermal-insulated effect, and first water-cooling wall 42 is to lasting cooling to self, avoids it because of high temperature influence life through lasting cooling.

The first water-cooled wall 42, the second water-cooled wall 22 and/or the third water-cooled wall 31 have the same structure, and each of the first water-cooled wall 42, the second water-cooled wall 22 and/or the third water-cooled wall 31 includes a plurality of first cooling tubes 421 arranged at intervals and surrounding to form a ring shape, and fins 422 arranged between two adjacent cooling tubes, wherein two ends of the plurality of first cooling tubes 421 are respectively communicated, a water inlet is formed at one end close to the slag discharge port 12, and a water outlet is formed at one end close to the burner port 11.

The gasification furnace is further provided with a cooling circulation device 6 that supplies cooling water to the first water-cooled wall 42, the second water-cooled wall 22, and/or the third water-cooled wall 31.

The cooling circulation device 6 includes a drum 61, a cooling water circulation water pump 62 communicated with the drum 61, a first cooling water inlet pipe 63 and a first cooling water outlet pipe 64 communicated with the first water-cooled wall 42, a second cooling water inlet pipe 65 and a second cooling water outlet pipe 66 communicated with the second water-cooled wall 22, and a third cooling water inlet pipe 67 and a third cooling water outlet pipe 68 communicated with the third water-cooled wall 31.

The cooling water circulating water pump 62 is respectively communicated with a first cooling water inlet pipe 63, a second cooling water inlet pipe 65 and a third cooling water inlet pipe 67, and a first cooling water outlet pipe 64, a second cooling water outlet pipe 66 and a third cooling water outlet pipe 68 are communicated with the steam drum 61.

When in use, cooling water is supplied into the steam drum 61, is pumped into the first water-cooled wall 42, the second water-cooled wall 22 and the third water-cooled wall 31 by the cooling water circulating water pump 62 to be cooled, and then is returned to the inner side of the steam drum 61 through the first cooling water outlet pipe 64, the second cooling water outlet pipe 66 and the third cooling water outlet pipe 68. During the use process, the cooling water can be saturated water, and during the process of cooling the first water-cooled wall 42 and the second water-cooled wall 22, steam is generated at the same time, and the steam is sent to the inner side of the steam drum 61 together.

A quench water inlet 51 and a quench water outlet 52 are provided in the gasifier shell 1 in communication with the quench chamber 5. The level of quench water inside the quench chamber 5 is kept at a certain height by the quench water inlet 51 and the quench water outlet 52.

The vertical distance between the cooling port 41 and the syngas outlet 15 is 0.5-5 meters; the quench water level is between the cooling port 41 and the syngas outlet 15. Through the chilling water that sets up, the synthetic gas can carry out cooling to the synthetic gas when through chilling water, and the cooling effect preferred washes the synthetic gas simultaneously, plays dust removal effect.

In the using process, the synthetic gas enters the descending chamber 4, the pressure of the synthetic gas in the descending chamber 4 is higher, the synthetic gas enters the chilling chamber 5 through the cooling port 41 at the lower side of the descending chamber 4, the synthetic gas is cooled in the chilling liquid, and the cooled synthetic gas is discharged from the synthetic gas outlet 15.

Meanwhile, in order to facilitate the syngas to be better discharged from the cooling port 41, a serrated plate 43 in a zigzag shape is disposed around one end of the first water-cooled wall 42 close to the cooling port 41. The syngas is discharged from the zigzag gaps of the zigzag plates 43, and the syngas is more uniform when discharged.

Example two

A gasification furnace is disclosed, which is shown in the combination of fig. 1 and 4, and is different from the first embodiment in the structure of a first water-cooled wall 42, a second water-cooled wall 22 and/or a third water-cooled wall 31.

The first water-cooled wall 42, the second water-cooled wall 22 and/or the third water-cooled wall 31 are identical in structure and comprise second cooling pipes 423 annularly arranged in a spiral shape along a vertical shaft, and the second cooling pipes 423 are connected between the pipe sections adjacent to each other in the vertical direction in a sealing mode.

The first cooling water inlet pipe 63, the second cooling water inlet pipe 65, and the third cooling water inlet pipe 67 are respectively provided at the lower side, and the first cooling water outlet pipe 64, the second cooling water outlet pipe 66, and the third cooling water outlet pipe 68 are provided at the upper side.

EXAMPLE III

The structure of the gasification furnace is different from that of the embodiment in that the side walls of a gasification chamber 2 and a slag hole chamber 3 are combined, a brick wall is formed on the inner side of a gasification furnace shell 1 through bricking, the brick wall surrounds the gasification chamber 2 and the slag hole chamber 3, and the effect of heat insulation with the gasification furnace shell is achieved through the brick wall.

Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A gasification furnace is characterized in that: the gasifier comprises a gasifier shell (1), wherein a burner port (11) for adding materials to the inner side of the gasifier shell (1) is formed in the upper end of the gasifier shell (1), and a slag discharge port (12) is formed in one end, far away from the burner port (11), of the gasifier shell (1);

a sealing plate (13) for separating the burner port (11) and the slag discharge port (12) is arranged on the inner side of the gasification furnace shell (1);

a mounting cavity (14) is formed on the inner side of the gasification furnace shell (1) and on the side, close to the burner port (11), of the sealing plate (13), and a chilling cavity (5) is formed on the inner side of the gasification furnace shell (1) and on the side, close to the slag discharge port (12), of the sealing plate (13);

a gasification chamber (2) for carrying out gasification reaction is arranged in the mounting chamber (14), a feed opening (21) is formed at one side of the gasification chamber (2) close to the burner port (11), and the feed opening (21) is communicated with the burner port (11);

a descending chamber (4) is arranged on the sealing plate (13) and on one side close to the chilling chamber (5), a slag hole chamber (3) is communicated between the gasification chamber (2) and the descending chamber (4), and the synthetic gas and the molten liquid slag enter the descending chamber (4) through the slag hole chamber (3);

the descending chamber (4) comprises a first water-cooled wall (42) which is annularly arranged and continuously cooled, and a cooling hole (41) is formed in one side, close to the slag discharge hole (12), of the descending chamber (4);

the gasification furnace shell (1) is provided with a synthetic gas outlet (15) communicated with the chilling chamber (5), and the synthetic gas outlet (15) is positioned between the cooling opening (41) and the sealing plate (13).

2. The gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the first water-cooled wall (42) comprises a plurality of first cooling pipes (421) arranged at intervals and fins (422) arranged between every two adjacent cooling pipes, the plurality of first cooling pipes (421) surround to form a ring, two ends of the plurality of first cooling pipes (421) are communicated with each other respectively, a water inlet is formed at one end close to the slag discharge port (12), and a water outlet is formed at one end close to the burner port (11).

3. The gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the first water wall (42) comprises second cooling pipes (423) which are spirally arranged along a vertical shaft in a surrounding mode, and the second cooling pipes (423) are connected between the pipe sections which are adjacent in the vertical direction in a sealing mode.

4. The gasification furnace according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the gasification furnace further includes a cooling circulation device (6) that supplies cooling water to the first water wall (42).

5. The gasification furnace according to claim 4, wherein: the cooling circulation device (6) comprises a steam drum (61), a cooling water circulation water pump (62) communicated with the steam drum (61), a first cooling water inlet pipe (63) and a first cooling water outlet pipe (64) communicated with the first water-cooled wall (42),

The cooling water circulating water pump (62) is communicated with a first cooling water inlet pipe (63), and a first cooling water outlet pipe (64) is communicated with the steam drum (61).

6. The gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein: and a sawtooth plate (43) in a sawtooth shape is arranged around one end of the first water cooling wall (42) close to the cooling port (41).

7. The gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the gasification furnace shell (1) is provided with a chilling water inlet (51) and a chilling water outlet (52) which are communicated with the chilling chamber (5).

8. The gasification furnace according to claim 7, wherein: the vertical distance between the cooling port (41) and the synthesis gas outlet (15) is 0.5-5 m; the level of the quench water is between the cooling port (41) and the syngas outlet (15).