Background technology
Coal Gasification Technology is the process industrials such as development coal-based chemicals, coal base liquid fuel, combined cycle generation, hydrogen manufacturing
Basis, is key technology, common technology and the frontier technology of these industries.Coal Gasification Technology both domestic and external is a lot of at present, application
Relatively broad is shell shell Coal Gasification Technology, Siemens's GSP Coal Gasification Technology, GE coal water slurry gasification technology, space flight stove etc.
Technology.
Coal gasification efficiency is higher at high temperature under high pressure, now can be at 1200 DEG C~1600 DEG C more than the reaction temperature in burner hearth
More than, and the lime-ash of coal is all in a liquid state form presence at these elevated temperatures, which is deposited to gasification and long-term operation of heat recovery equipment
In a lot of unfavorable factors.
Shell gasification reclaims sensible heat using convection current pot destroying process, and which first passes through the partial synthesis gas warp after cooling washing
Gasification furnace squeezed into by Quench compressor, 1200~1600 DEG C of high-temperature synthesis gas is cooled fast to less than 900 DEG C, is made in synthesis gas
Lime-ash rapid solidification, subsequently into convection current give up pot reclaim heat, synthesis gas 350 DEG C or so discharge gasification installations, the equipment
Not only chill air compressor consumes energy in a large number, while not making full use of to high-grade heat energy, chill air compressor long period is transported
There is test in row.And GSP, the GE Quench type of furnace, it is downward parallel that the technology such as space flight stove is synthesis gas and lime-ash, after flake hearth-tapping under
Using water Quench, 1200~1600 DEG C of high-temperature synthesis gas are direct cooled to 200 DEG C or so in drop pipe, cause high-grade heat
A large amount of losses of energy, have had a strong impact on the economy of device.
The gasification furnace of GE pot destroying process adopts Double water-cooled wall construction form radiation waste pot, first synthesis gas is cooled to 1000
Below DEG C, then be transported to convection current give up pot carry out heat recovery further.However, by operating experience and the correlation of relevant apparatus
Report shows, Double water-cooled wall construction is more complicated, and operational reliability reduces, the annular space space of Double-layer water cold wall and convection current Fei Guo area
Easily there is dust stratification, blocks up slag and corrosion in domain, has a strong impact on the long-term operation of equipment.
Content of the invention
In view of drawbacks described above of the prior art or deficiency, it is desirable to which after providing a kind of raising carbonaceous material gasification, sensible heat is returned
Receive, and the equipment for gasification with heat reclamation device of anti-blocking slag.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the technical scheme that:
A kind of can anti-blocking slag the equipment for gasification with heat reclamation device, including housing, in the housing, be sequentially provided with gasification
Reative cell, gas slag diversing flow system, steam generator and purified synthesis gas dust pelletizing system, the bottom of the purified synthesis gas dedusting system
It is connected with the housing, the bottom of the housing is provided with grey slag outlet, and the side of the housing is provided with synthesis gas gas outlet;
The housing of the gasification reactor chamber is provided with the burner for entering gasification reactor chamber for carbonaceous material and gasifying agent.
4~6 burners are uniformly provided with above the sidepiece of the gasification reactor chamber, and the burner is horizontally disposed, the burner
Angle with the case sections centrage is 4 °~6 °;The draw ratio of the gasification reactor chamber is 2~3:1, the burner
The distance at plan range gasification reactor chamber top is the 1/4-1/3 of gasification reactor chamber height.
The gas slag diversing flow system includes the refractory liner that side towards the fire is arranged, and is provided with water-cooling wall, institute in the refractory liner
State gas slag diversing flow system upper end to be connected with the slag outlet of gasification furnace gas, the gasification furnace gas slag is exported with respect to the gasification reactor chamber
For a necking, the bottom of the gas slag diversing flow system arranges anti-lime-ash scattering unit, and the anti-lime-ash scattering unit is band water-cooled
Coil arrangement, outer lining refractory liner, the anti-lime-ash scattering unit along gas flow direction extension after send out positioned at the steam
In raw device.
The steam generator includes drum type brake fin panel casing and screen formula fin water-cooling wall, the drum type brake film-type water-cooling
The inner side of wall is provided with screen formula fin water-cooling wall, if the outside of the drum type brake fin panel casing arranges the opposed pneumatic vibrator of dried layer
Device, also sets up some groups of gases at high pressure soot blowers on the drum type brake fin panel casing, for shielding formula fin water-cooling wall
Carry out purging ash disposal.
The screen formula fin water-cooling wall is radially positioned to one group along the drum type brake fin panel casing for multiple, many
The drum type brake fin panel casing is organized along the form that the circumference of the drum type brake fin panel casing is upper tightly lower sparse.
Outlet soda pop catcher, the drum type brake membrane type water is provided with the outside of the runner on the drum type brake fin panel casing top
Import feedwater distributor is provided with the outside of the runner of cold wall bottom.
Changeover portion, the center of the changeover portion is provided between the steam generator and the purified synthesis gas dust pelletizing system
Line is less than 30 ° with the shell angle of the changeover portion.
The purified synthesis gas dust pelletizing system includes spray water chilling ring and gas distribution channel;Set on the shell of the gas distribution channel
There are several Quench nozzles;Periphery between the changeover portion and the gas distribution channel is provided with sealing plate, described sealing plate one end
Housing is fixedly connected, the sealing plate other end connection water spray chilling ring, the water spray chilling ring is used for spraying in gas distribution channel
Water;Despumation device is provided between the interlayer of the shell of the gas distribution channel and the housing, the Despumation device and the sealing
Housing between plate is provided with the synthesis gas gas outlet.
The Quench nozzle is multigroup, and the Quench nozzle per group is arranged along the even circumferential of the gas distribution channel, multigroup
The Quench nozzle is along the gas transmission direction layered arrangement of the gas distribution channel.
The synthesis gas gas outlet is provided with baffle means.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Equipment for gasification using the present invention, it is possible to increase Exposure degree after carbonaceous material gasification, and anti-blocking slag, by dividing
Level arrangement steam generator, effectively reclaims the sensible heat of synthesis gas after material gasification, accounts for the 8-12% of low heat valve, save
Quench compressor, reduces equipment investment, and is that anti-blocking slag and dust stratification propose technical solution, reduce the event of whole equipment
Barrier point, it is ensured that long-term operation.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples the application is described in further detail.It is understood that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment that states is used only for explaining related invention, rather than the restriction to the invention.It also should be noted that, in order to
It is easy to description, in accompanying drawing, illustrate only the part related to invention.
It should be noted that in the case of not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can phases
Mutually combine.Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments describing the application in detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of can anti-blocking slag the equipment for gasification with heat reclamation device, including housing 20, from upper in housing 20
Gasification reactor chamber 1, gas slag diversing flow system 2, steam generator 3 and purified synthesis gas dust pelletizing system 17 are sequentially provided with downwards, synthesis
The bottom of gas purifying and dedusting system 17 is connected with housing 20, and the bottom of housing 20 is provided with grey slag outlet 13, the side of housing 20
It is provided with synthesis gas gas outlet 10;The housing of gasification reactor chamber 1 is provided with and enters gasification reactor chamber 1 for carbonaceous material and gasifying agent
Burner 5.
The gasification reactor chamber of the present invention can adopt fire resisting casting material or water wall structure, and gas slag diversing flow system is placed in gasification furnace
Synthesis gas and lime-ash exit portion are coaxially arranged, can be made up of water pipe membrane wall, and inner surface lays heat-resisting pouring material.Carbonaceous material
(dry pulverized coal or water-coal-slurry) enters gasification reactor chamber by the burner 5 on gasification reactor chamber 1 together with gasifying agent (oxygen, water vapour)
1, vigorous reaction produces the synthesis gas of High Temperature High Pressure, the predominantly gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, temperature in the gasification reaction room
About 1200-1600 DEG C of degree.The synthesis gas of generation produces eddy flow in gasification reactor chamber 1, can make being full of for reaction interior flame
Degree is preferable, and temperature field is also more uniform.Ash in coal dust is main in hot environment to lean on effect of inertia quilt with the form of liquid slag
Gasification reactor chamber furnace wall catches, then is pooled to the gas slag diversing flow system 2 of burner hearth bottom along the trickling of 1 wall of gasification reactor chamber,
Remaining flying dust is synthesized gas entrainment and also discharges from gas slag diversing flow system 2.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present embodiment is uniformly set above the sidepiece of gasification reactor chamber 1 on the basis of above-described embodiment
There are 4~6 burners 5, burner 5 is horizontally disposed, burner 5 is 4 °~6 ° with the angle a of 1 section centrage of housing;Gasification reactor chamber 1
Draw ratio be 2~3:1, the distance at the plan range gasification reactor chamber top of burner 5 is the 1/4-1/ of gasification reactor chamber height
3.Most ash in raw material can be caught in the form of liquid slag by the reasonable setting of the present embodiment burner and arrangement,
Improve retention efficiency, it is ensured that follow-up equipment normally runs.Certainly the present invention can also adopt overhead burner, by improving the knot of burner
Structure realizes above-mentioned functions.
The plane of burner of the present invention is perpendicular to the centrage of housing, the distance at the plan range gasification reactor chamber top of burner
For the 1/4-1/3 of gasification reactor chamber height, burner is arranged so as to, mainly for the retention efficiency of burner hearth is improved, leans on very much gasification reaction
Gasification reactor chamber top is easily burnt out by ceiling portion, can effectively improve turbulent journey of the synthesis gas in gasification reactor chamber in this position
Degree, is conducive to improving the gasification efficiency of material, and lime-ash is got rid of to wall, and the lime-ash of liquid is assembled when the outlet of gas slag is flowed to
Agglomerating, be conducive to which to move along the centerline direction of steam generator, it is not easy to be bonded to heating surface surface, so as to reduce stifled slag
Risk.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the present embodiment is on the basis of above-described embodiment, and gas slag diversing flow system 2 includes that side towards the fire is arranged
Refractory liner, be provided with water-cooling wall in the refractory liner, 2 upper end of gas slag diversing flow system is connected with gasification furnace gas slag outlet 14,
It is single that gasification furnace gas slag outlet 14 arranges anti-lime-ash scattering with respect to the bottom that gasification reactor chamber 1 is a necking, gas slag diversing flow system 2
Unit 21, anti-lime-ash scattering unit 21 is the coil pipe with water-cooled, outer lining refractory liner, and anti-lime-ash scattering unit 21 is along gas flow side
It is located in steam generator 3 to after extension.
Synthesis gas gas slag diversing flow system of the present invention is located at gasification reactor chamber outlet at bottom, and its Main Function is that reaction is indoor
The high-temperature synthesis gas of generation and slag accelerate to import the steam of the synthesis gas sensible heat high-grade energy regenerating for being transported to its underpart
In generator.The effect of the anti-lime-ash scattering unit of the present invention be anti-liquid slag give vent to anger slag diversing flow system when, due to flow area
The splashing that sudden expansion causes, on the heating surface of the steam generator for causing liquid lime-ash to splash and being deposited near exit.Synthesis gas
Acted on by " rectification " of gas slag diversing flow system, the synthesis gas after the anti-lime-ash scattering unit can assume the jet of certain angle
Form enters steam generator downstream, due to the effect of inertia, liquid lime-ash can be made to be " entrapped " in certain jet angle
In the range of, be conducive to mitigating its stifled slag fouling phenomenon to steam generator heating surface.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the present embodiment is on the basis of above-described embodiment, and steam generator 3 includes drum type brake membrane type water
Cold wall 30 and screen formula fin water-cooling wall 31, the inner side of drum type brake fin panel casing 30 is provided with screen formula fin water-cooling wall 31, drum type brake
If the outside of fin panel casing 30 arranges the opposed pneumatic vibrator device 15 of dried layer, if also setting up on drum type brake fin panel casing 30
Dry group gases at high pressure soot blower 16, for carrying out purging ash disposal to shielding formula fin water-cooling wall 31.
Preferably, screen formula fin water-cooling wall 31 is multiple, is radially positioned to one group along drum type brake fin panel casing 30,
Many group screens formula fin water-cooling wall 31 is arranged as along circumference many group screens formula fin water-cooling wall of drum type brake fin panel casing 30
The form of upper tightly lower sparse.
Steam generator of the present invention is to rely on the heat radiation of high-temperature synthesis gas and the heat transmission equipment of convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection, shields formula fin
Water-cooling wall is arranged near cylindrical shape membrane wall, it is ensured that drum type brake fin panel casing axially has sufficiently large net inflow space, so
Heating surface layout pattern and space can mitigate the slagging scorification of steam generator, the problem of effectively solving synthesis gas lime-ash bonding.
The present invention is using the steam generator 3 of hierarchical arrangement, and due to having just enter into steam generator 3, lime-ash is " entrapped "
In the range of certain jet angle, and the synthesis gas temperature height containing lime-ash, radianting capacity are strong, are therefore stretched using more intensive and interior
The long screen formula fin water-cooling wall 31 of length, shields the distance that stretches in formula fin water-cooling wall not little to stretch edge minimum distance in which
It is advisable in 300-500mm so that form the arrangement of upper tightly lower sparse in the direction heating surface of circulation road, high-temperature synthesis gas are existed
Less than 900 DEG C are cooled to from more than 1400 DEG C in relatively short distance, the mainly effect of heating surface 32.
Synthesis gas jet-stream wind of the present invention is after a segment distance, and injection kinetic energy weakens, and " constraint " effect to lime-ash subtracts
Weak, lime-ash will certainly now be arranged the shorter screen formula fin water-cooling wall 31 of more sparse and inside protrudent length, have to around scattering
Beneficial to the smooth flow of synthesis gas, synthesis gas is cooled to 550-750 DEG C from 900 DEG C, is the effect of heat-transfer surface 33.Now synthesize
The substantially solid shape of useless pot in gas, may be attached to 33 on heat-transfer surface, therefore for preventing in downstream cooler water screen tube
Bundle region dust stratification, if the opposed pneumatic vibrator device 15 of arrangement dried layer on circumferential water-cooling wall, while arrange some groups high
16 pairs of screen formula fin water-cooling walls 31 of body soot blower of calming the anger carry out purging ash disposal.The rapping-off-ash of interval and high pressure soot blowing are effective
The Effec-tive Function of steam generator is ensure that, prevents fouling of heating surface slagging scorification, it is ensured that the long-term operation of equipment.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present embodiment on the basis of above-described embodiment, on the outside of the runner on 20 top of drum type brake fin panel casing
Outlet soda pop catcher 18 is provided with, on the outside of the runner of 20 bottom of drum type brake fin panel casing, is provided with import feedwater distributor
22.
In order to prevent synthesizing dust stratification and the stifled slag that flow channel mutation causes, by the import and export soda pop distributor of all heating surfaces
It is arranged on the outside of runner, so not only improving prevents runner dust stratification, soda pop distributor can be avoided again not by the straight of high temperature gas flow
Connect and wash away, prevent the overtemperature of equipment from damaging.
The present embodiment is set between steam generator 3 and purified synthesis gas dust pelletizing system 17 on the basis of above-described embodiment
There is changeover portion 4, the centrage of changeover portion 4 is less than 30 ° with the shell angle of changeover portion 4.
Synthesis gas is cooled to 550~750 DEG C from 1200~1600 DEG C by the steam generator 3 of hierarchical arrangement of the present invention, it
Purified synthesis gas dust pelletizing system is entered afterwards.Transition angle of the changeover portion 4 of the two using full-shape less than 30 ° carries out transition, to avoid
Dust stratification.
The present embodiment is on the basis of above-described embodiment, and purified synthesis gas dust pelletizing system 17 includes the chilling ring 6 and defeated of spraying water
Gas passage 7;The shell of gas distribution channel 7 is provided with several Quench nozzles 8;Periphery between changeover portion 4 and gas distribution channel 7 is provided with
Sealing plate 12,12 one end of sealing plate is fixedly connected housing 20,12 other end of sealing plate connection water spray chilling ring 6, chilling ring 6 of spraying water
For to water spray in gas distribution channel 7;Despumation device 9, Despumation device are provided between the shell of gas distribution channel 7 and the interlayer of housing 20
Housing between 9 and sealing plate 12 is provided with synthesis gas gas outlet 10.Sealing plate 12 is arranged between the cavity of housing, prevents air-flow
Gang up.
Preferably, Quench nozzle 8 is multigroup, and the Quench nozzle 8 per group is arranged along the even circumferential of gas distribution channel 7, many
Group Quench nozzle 8 is along the gas transmission direction layered arrangement of gas distribution channel 7.
Purified synthesis gas dust pelletizing system of the present invention adopts major diameter gas distribution channel, and if being provided with chilling ring lower area
Dry group Quench nozzle, so as to reach fast dust-removing and the cooling effect of the synthesis gas in the confined space.Synthesis gas is removed through water-bath
After dirt cooling, the housing of gasification installation is discharged by synthesis gas gas outlet through Despumation device.
Using spray dust removing and water bath dust-removing chiller, the dust-carrying capacity of synthesis gas when gasification furnace can be greatly reduced, with
When can effective control synthesis gas carry grey solid impurity particle particle diameter.Desirably prevent follow-up equipment lime-ash blocking and abrasion go out
Existing.After water-bath, synthesis gas passes through defoaming device to abolish drop and the bubble of synthesis gas carrying.This design of the present invention is not
Only greatly chill effect is enhanced, also reduce shock chamber's height.
The present embodiment is on the basis of above-described embodiment, and synthesis gas gas outlet 10 is provided with baffle means 11.
Baffle means being provided with beside synthesis gas gas outlet, baffle means can be a deflection plate, synthesizes in order to separate
Bulky grain water droplet in gas, finally the synthesis gas after cooled dedusting give vent to anger from the bottom synthesis gas on the upper side for being located at pressure housing
Mouth discharges equipment for gasification.Buck discharges equipment for gasification through grey slag outlet.
The housing of the present invention can be made up of the different body of one or more diameters, between housing and synthesis gas passage can be
Fire resisting casting material or water wall structure.
The present invention in order to overcome the easy dust stratification of equipment for reclaiming sensible heat in existing gasification technology to block up slag, by rational flow process
Arrange with structure, and the high retention efficiency of burner hearth is adopted, the gas slag diversing flow system trapping constraint splash slag containing anti-lime-ash scattering unit,
Upper tightly lower sparse hierarchical arrangement steam generator and mechanical vibrator and the high pressure soot blower of dust stratification is prevented, while removing using injection
Dirt and water bath dust-removing chiller, can greatly reduce the dust-carrying capacity of synthesis gas when gasification furnace, while can effective control synthesis gas
The particle diameter of the grey solid impurity particle of carrying, effectively prevents the liquid slag for carrying in synthesis gas to be bonded on steam generator heating surface.
Above description is only the preferred embodiment of the application and the explanation to institute's application technology principle.People in the art
Member should be appreciated that involved invention scope in the application, however it is not limited to the technology of the particular combination of above-mentioned technical characteristic
Scheme, while should also cover in the case of without departing from the inventive concept, is carried out by above-mentioned technical characteristic or its equivalent feature
Combination in any and other technical schemes for being formed.Such as features described above has similar work(with (but not limited to) disclosed herein
The technical scheme that the technical characteristic of energy is replaced mutually and formed.