CN113402985B - Hydrogel material for protecting ancient building tiles and application method thereof - Google Patents
Hydrogel material for protecting ancient building tiles and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D197/00—Coating compositions based on lignin-containing materials
- C09D197/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
- C04B41/48—Macromolecular compounds
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/82—Coating or impregnation with organic materials
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogel material for protecting ancient building tiles and an application method thereof, wherein the raw materials of the hydrogel material for protecting the ancient building tiles comprise wheat straw fiber, sodium hydroxide solution, epichlorohydrin solution and sodium alginate; the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution is 2-15 times of that of the wheat straw fiber, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-1.0 mol/L; the mass of the epoxy chloropropane solution is 0.1-0.5 times of that of the sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass percentage content of the epoxy chloropropane solution is 2-5%; the mass of the sodium alginate is 10-20% of that of the wheat straw fiber. The hydrogel material can be used for protecting the historic building tiles, the acid rain erosion resistance of the historic building tiles is improved, and a good protection effect is achieved on the historic building tiles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of historic building protection, and particularly relates to a hydrogel material for historic building tile protection and an application method thereof.
Background
Ancient buildings repairing and protecting are always the focus of attention of building workers in China, and ancient buildings which experience long history and rivers are often full of various injuries. If the repair is not carried out in time, the original slight problem becomes more serious, and the irreparable loss of the ancient architecture is caused. The ancient building roof in China is the key field of ancient building repair and protection, the roof waterproof performance is reduced due to expansion of tile cracks, the roof waterproof performance is permeated into the ancient building main body, most of the ancient buildings in China are of wood structures, and the ancient building main body faces the risk of collapse due to wood decay.
Improving the rainwater erosion resistance of the historic building tiles is the key to improve the protection of the historic building. In the prior art, common waterproof agents, pore-blocking agents and various coatings can improve the water resistance of the ancient building tiles to a certain extent, but the measures comprise: the protective layer has insufficient adhesive property, is not enough to resist rain erosion and resist scouring; the durability of the protective layer is not enough, and the repeated construction does not accord with the ancient building protection principle; most materials are difficult to resist deterioration due to acid rain caused by deterioration of the environment. Provides a more ideal protective material, which is the key for improving the protection of the ancient building tiles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a hydrogel material for protecting ancient building tiles and an application method thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art. The hydrogel material which takes the wheat straw fiber, the sodium hydroxide solution, the epichlorohydrin solution and the sodium alginate as main raw materials can be used for protecting the historic building tiles, can effectively improve the acid rain erosion resistance of the historic building tiles, and has a good protection effect on the historic building tiles.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a hydrogel material for protecting ancient building tiles is characterized in that raw materials comprise wheat straw fiber, a sodium hydroxide solution, an epichlorohydrin solution and sodium alginate;
the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution is 2-15 times of that of the wheat straw fiber, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-1.0 mol/L;
the mass of the epichlorohydrin solution is 0.1-0.5 times of that of the sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass percentage of the epichlorohydrin solution is 2-5%;
the mass of the sodium alginate is 10-20% of the mass of the wheat straw fiber.
The hydrogel material for protecting the ancient building tiles is characterized in that the preparation method of the wheat straw fiber comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting wheat straws to obtain wheat straw sections;
step two, washing the wheat straw sections obtained in the step one with deionized water, and drying the wheat straw sections under the vacuum condition and at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ to constant weight;
step three, crushing and sieving the wheat straw sections dried in the step two to obtain wheat straw particles;
soaking the wheat straw particles obtained in the step three in a potassium hydroxide solution for 12-48 hours to obtain soaked wheat straw particles;
step five, washing the soaked wheat straw particles in the step four with deionized water to obtain washed wheat straw particles;
and step six, drying the washed wheat straw particles obtained in the step five at 50-60 ℃ to constant weight under a vacuum condition to obtain the wheat straw fibers.
The hydrogel material for protecting the ancient building tiles is characterized in that the length of the wheat straw section in the step one is 1 cm-2 cm.
The hydrogel material for protecting the ancient building tiles is characterized in that the grain size of the wheat straw particles in the third step is less than or equal to 0.175 mm.
The hydrogel material for protecting the ancient building tiles is characterized in that the mass of the potassium hydroxide solution in the step four is 8-20 times that of the wheat straw particles.
The hydrogel material for protecting the ancient building tiles is characterized in that the mass percentage of the potassium hydroxide solution in the step four is 10% -45%.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for protecting the ancient building tiles by applying the hydrogel material for protecting the ancient building tiles, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, mixing the wheat straw fiber with a sodium hydroxide solution at the temperature of 2-10 ℃ to obtain a system A;
step two, mixing the system A and the epichlorohydrin solution in the step one to obtain a system B;
step three, mixing sodium alginate with the system B in the step two to obtain a system C;
and step four, applying the system C obtained in the step three to the historic building tiles to complete the protection of the historic building tiles.
The method as described above, wherein the applying means in step four includes spraying, drip irrigation or smearing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the hydrogel material which takes the wheat straw fiber, the sodium hydroxide solution, the epichlorohydrin solution and the sodium alginate as main raw materials can be used for protecting the ancient building tile, can effectively improve the erosion performance of the ancient building tile against acid rain, and has good protection effect on the ancient building.
2. The wheat straw fiber is obtained by cutting mature wheat straw into sections, drying in vacuum, crushing, soaking in potassium hydroxide and drying in vacuum again, wherein fine components can form a net structure to play a role in effectively supporting hydrogel; the raw materials have wide sources and low cost.
3. The invention applies the hydrogel material on the ancient building tile by spraying, drip irrigation or smearing, can form a support body on the tile surface, has the characteristic of obvious change of swelling ratio under an acid environment, and can effectively resist the erosion of external force and acid rain environment to the ancient building tile.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope binarized image of a wheat straw fiber network structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the formation of a net structure from a net structure of wheat straw fibers;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the results of an interfacial shear test after repair of tiles using the hydrogel material of example 4;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the results of the acid erosion resistance test after tile repair using the hydrogel material of example 4.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for preparing wheat straw fiber, which comprises the following steps:
step one, taking mature wheat, removing skins and wheat ears to obtain wheat straws, and shearing the wheat straws to obtain wheat straw sections; the length of the wheat straw section is 1.5 cm;
step two, washing the wheat straw sections obtained in the step one with deionized water, and drying the wheat straw sections to constant weight at the temperature of 55 ℃ under the vacuum condition;
step three, crushing and sieving the wheat straw sections dried in the step two to obtain wheat straw particles; the grain size of the wheat straw particles is less than or equal to 0.175 mm;
soaking the wheat straw particles obtained in the step three in a potassium hydroxide solution for 24 hours to obtain soaked wheat straw particles; the weight of the potassium hydroxide solution is 10 times of that of the wheat straw particles, and the mass percentage content of the potassium hydroxide solution is 25%;
step five, washing the soaked wheat straw particles in the step four with deionized water to obtain washed wheat straw particles;
and step six, drying the washed wheat straw particles obtained in the step five at 55 ℃ to constant weight under a vacuum condition to obtain the wheat straw fibers.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for preparing wheat straw fiber, which comprises the following steps:
step one, taking mature wheat, removing skins and wheat ears to obtain wheat straws, and shearing the wheat straws to obtain wheat straw sections; the length of the wheat straw section is 1 cm;
step two, washing the wheat straw sections obtained in the step one with deionized water, and drying the wheat straw sections to constant weight under the vacuum condition and the temperature condition of 50 ℃;
step three, crushing and sieving the wheat straw sections dried in the step two to obtain wheat straw particles; the grain size of the wheat straw particles is less than or equal to 0.175 mm;
soaking the wheat straw particles obtained in the step three in a potassium hydroxide solution for 48 hours to obtain soaked wheat straw particles; the mass of the potassium hydroxide solution is 8 times of that of the wheat straw particles, and the mass percentage content of the potassium hydroxide solution is 45%;
step five, washing the soaked wheat straw particles in the step four with deionized water to obtain washed wheat straw particles;
and step six, drying the washed wheat straw particles obtained in the step five at 50 ℃ to constant weight under a vacuum condition to obtain the wheat straw fibers.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for preparing wheat straw fiber, which comprises the following steps:
step one, taking mature wheat, removing skins and wheat ears to obtain wheat straws, and shearing the wheat straws to obtain wheat straw sections; the length of the wheat straw section is 2 cm;
step two, washing the wheat straw sections obtained in the step one with deionized water, and drying the wheat straw sections to constant weight under the vacuum condition and the temperature condition of 60 ℃;
step three, crushing and sieving the wheat straw sections dried in the step two to obtain wheat straw particles; the grain size of the wheat straw particles is less than or equal to 0.175 mm;
soaking the wheat straw particles obtained in the step three in a potassium hydroxide solution for 12 hours to obtain soaked wheat straw particles; the weight of the potassium hydroxide solution is 20 times of that of the wheat straw particles, and the mass percentage content of the potassium hydroxide solution is 10%;
step five, washing the soaked wheat straw particles in the step four with deionized water to obtain washed wheat straw particles;
and step six, drying the washed wheat straw particles obtained in the step five at 60 ℃ to constant weight under a vacuum condition to obtain the wheat straw fibers.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a hydrogel material for protecting ancient building tiles, which comprises the raw materials of wheat straw fiber, sodium hydroxide solution, epichlorohydrin solution and sodium alginate in embodiment 1;
the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10 times of that of the wheat straw fiber, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5 mol/L;
the mass of the epichlorohydrin solution is 0.25 time of that of the sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass percentage of the epichlorohydrin solution is 3%;
the mass of the sodium alginate is 10% of that of the wheat straw fiber.
The embodiment provides a method for protecting an ancient building tile by using the hydrogel material for protecting the ancient building tile, which comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing the wheat straw fiber with a sodium hydroxide solution at the temperature of 4 ℃ to obtain a system A;
step two, mixing the system A and the epichlorohydrin solution in the step one to obtain a system B;
step three, mixing sodium alginate with the system B in the step two to obtain a system C;
step four, applying the system C obtained in the step three to the historic building tiles to complete the protection of the historic building tiles; the application mode is drip irrigation.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a hydrogel material for protecting ancient building tiles, which comprises the raw materials of wheat straw fiber, a sodium hydroxide solution, an epichlorohydrin solution and sodium alginate in the embodiment 2;
the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution is 2 times of that of the wheat straw fiber, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1.0 mol/L;
the mass of the epichlorohydrin solution is 0.5 time of that of the sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass percentage of the epichlorohydrin solution is 2%;
the mass of the sodium alginate is 15% of that of the wheat straw fiber.
The performance of the hydrogel material for protecting the ancient building tiles of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 4.
The embodiment provides a method for protecting an ancient building tile by using the hydrogel material for protecting the ancient building tile, which comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing the wheat straw fiber with a sodium hydroxide solution at the temperature of 2 ℃ to obtain a system A;
step two, mixing the system A and the epichlorohydrin solution in the step one to obtain a system B;
step three, mixing sodium alginate with the system B in the step two to obtain a system C;
step four, applying the system C obtained in the step three to the historic building tiles to complete the protection of the historic building tiles; the application mode is smearing.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a hydrogel material for protecting ancient building tiles, which comprises the raw materials of wheat straw fiber, a sodium hydroxide solution, an epichlorohydrin solution and sodium alginate in the embodiment 3;
the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution is 15 times of that of the wheat straw fiber, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1 mol/L;
the mass of the epichlorohydrin solution is 0.1 time of that of the sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass percentage of the epichlorohydrin solution is 5%;
the mass of the sodium alginate is 20% of that of the wheat straw fiber.
The performance of the hydrogel material for protecting the ancient building tiles of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 4.
The embodiment provides a method for protecting ancient building tiles by using the hydrogel material for protecting the ancient building tiles, which comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing the wheat straw fiber with a sodium hydroxide solution at the temperature of 10 ℃ to obtain a system A;
step two, mixing the system A and the epichlorohydrin solution in the step one to obtain a system B;
step three, mixing sodium alginate with the system B in the step two to obtain a system C;
step four, applying the system C obtained in the step three to the historic building tiles to finish the protection of the historic building tiles; the application mode is spraying.
And (3) performance testing:
fig. 1 and fig. 2 illustrate that wheat straw fibers prepared from wheat straws can form a fiber net structure and can support a hydrogel structure, epichlorohydrin is used as a cross-linking agent, and sodium alginate is used for regulation, so that the obtained hydrogel material has acid-base sensitivity, and the swelling ratio of hydrogel under an acidic environment condition changes remarkably.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the results of an interfacial shear test after repair of tiles using the hydrogel material of example 4. The sample preparation method in the interface shear test comprises the following steps: two clay tiles of 61.8mm diameter and 10mm height were stacked, and the hydrogel material of example 4 was applied to the interface between the two tiles to bond the two tiles, and cured for 1d, 3d, 7d and 14d, respectively. FIG. 3 shows that the shear strength increases with the increase of vertical pressure, and the shear strength shows a change rule of increasing and then keeping stable with the increase of the curing age, which indicates that the tile can be effectively improved to improve the strong erosion resistance by using the hydrogel material of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the results of the acid erosion resistance test after tile repair using the hydrogel material of example 4. In the acid corrosion resistance test, a test sample is clay tile with the diameter of 61.8mm and the height of 20mm, the hydrogel material in the embodiment 4 is coated on the surface of the tile, and the expansion amount is measured by adopting a no-load expansion rate test under the condition of side limit according to the standard of an geotechnical test method GB/T50123-2019 expansion force test. As shown in FIG. 4, it can be seen from FIG. 4 that the swelling amount shows a trend of increasing and then becoming stable with time, and the swelling amount increases with the increase of the acid concentration (decrease of pH), indicating that the use of the hydrogel material of the present invention can effectively improve the acid rain erosion resistance of the tile.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A hydrogel material for protecting ancient building tiles is characterized in that raw materials comprise wheat straw fiber, a sodium hydroxide solution, an epichlorohydrin solution and sodium alginate;
the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution is 2-15 times of that of the wheat straw fibers, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-1.0 mol/L;
the mass of the epoxy chloropropane solution is 0.1-0.5 time of that of the sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass percentage of the epoxy chloropropane solution is 2-5%;
the mass of the sodium alginate is 10-20% of that of the wheat straw fiber;
the preparation method of the wheat straw fiber comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting wheat straws to obtain wheat straw sections; the length of the wheat straw section is 1 cm-2 cm;
step two, washing the wheat straw sections obtained in the step one with deionized water, and drying the wheat straw sections to constant weight under the vacuum condition and at the temperature of 50-60 ℃;
step three, crushing and sieving the wheat straw sections dried in the step two to obtain wheat straw particles; the grain size of the wheat straw particles is less than or equal to 0.175 mm;
soaking the wheat straw particles obtained in the step three in a potassium hydroxide solution for 12-48 hours to obtain soaked wheat straw particles; the mass of the potassium hydroxide solution is 8-20 times of that of the wheat straw particles; the mass percentage content of the potassium hydroxide solution is 10% -45%;
step five, washing the soaked wheat straw particles in the step four with deionized water to obtain washed wheat straw particles;
and step six, drying the washed wheat straw particles obtained in the step five at 50-60 ℃ to constant weight under a vacuum condition to obtain the wheat straw fibers.
2. A method of protecting an ancient building tile using the hydrogel material for protecting an ancient building tile according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, mixing the wheat straw fiber with a sodium hydroxide solution at the temperature of 2-10 ℃ to obtain a system A;
step two, mixing the system A and the epichlorohydrin solution in the step one to obtain a system B;
step three, mixing sodium alginate with the system B in the step two to obtain a system C;
and step four, applying the system C obtained in the step three to the historic building tiles to complete the protection of the historic building tiles.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the applying of step four comprises spraying, dripping or smearing.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106188646A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-07 | 马鞍山市五谷禽业专业合作社 | A kind of interpolation corn straw degradable starch based agricultural mulching film |
| CN112322254A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-05 | 合肥科天水性科技有限责任公司 | Biomass aldehyde-free adhesive and preparation and application methods thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106188646A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-07 | 马鞍山市五谷禽业专业合作社 | A kind of interpolation corn straw degradable starch based agricultural mulching film |
| CN112322254A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-05 | 合肥科天水性科技有限责任公司 | Biomass aldehyde-free adhesive and preparation and application methods thereof |
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