CN113397053B - Pig feed additive, pig ration and application thereof - Google Patents
Pig feed additive, pig ration and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113397053B CN113397053B CN202010866042.9A CN202010866042A CN113397053B CN 113397053 B CN113397053 B CN 113397053B CN 202010866042 A CN202010866042 A CN 202010866042A CN 113397053 B CN113397053 B CN 113397053B
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pig feed additive, a pig ration and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of pig feeds. The pig feed additive comprises a fermentation liquor freezing desiccant and fibers, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor freezing desiccant to the fibers is 1; the effective component of the fermentation liquor freezing desiccant is endogenous compound probiotics of pigs, and the daily ration of the pigs comprises the pig feed additive, pig premix and staple food. The composite probiotics and the fibers are combined into the pig feed additive, the flora is an endogenous source, the adaptability to the intestinal environment of pigs is good, the stable and lasting colonization of the probiotics is fully ensured, and the fibers are added, so that the feed cost is reduced, and the required nutrient substances are provided for the growth and the propagation of the composite probiotics. The pig ration added with the pig feed additive can improve the muscle taste of pigs and the pork flavor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pig feed, and particularly relates to a pig feed additive, a pig ration and application thereof.
Background
As main consumer goods and necessary goods of people, pork products have increasingly improved requirements on the flavor and taste of pork along with economic development.
At present, the pig breeding mode is mainly totally-enclosed large-scale breeding, and the pig daily ration is the concentrated feed processed by taking corn bean pulp as the main material, so that the pig daily ration is lack of crude fibers, the microbial diversity of pig intestinal flora is reduced, probiotics are reduced, the health condition of pigs is influenced, the content of trimethyl indole in pork is high, the population feeling is uncomfortable, and the pork quality is reduced.
In order to increase the diversity of pig intestinal microorganisms, the crude fiber can increase the abundance of pig intestinal microorganisms, but the crude fiber of the existing feed is difficult to digest, so that the live pig grows slowly and cannot meet the market demand. The addition of probiotics and proper crude fiber feed into the daily feed of pigs can promote absorption and improve the health condition of pigs.
Chinese patent application 201910582856.7 discloses a biological compound additive feed and application thereof, wherein the feed comprises 305.35kg of corn, 100kg of soybean meal, 80kg of bran, 10kg of premix, 1kg of a mint, astragalus and liquorice crude extract mixture, 3 kg of vitamin B complex, 100g of astragalus polysaccharide, 0-300g of bacillus and 0-250g of organic trace elements. Organic trace elements are used for replacing part of inorganic trace elements, chinese herbal medicine additives are used for improving the immunity of animal organisms, and probiotics for promoting digestion are added. The feed additive reduces the proportion of half of premix in daily ration, but does not obviously affect the apparent digestibility of 18 amino acids in the pig feed, maintains various growth performances of the fattening pigs, maintains or improves the nutrient digestibility of the feed, achieves the aim of reducing the use of antibiotics, and increases the biological safety performance of live pig products.
Chinese patent application 201811540049.0 discloses a probiotic feed additive for piglets and application and a preparation method thereof, wherein the probiotic feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of probiotic powder, 20-30 parts of polysaccharide raw material, 15-20 parts of amino acid, 100-150 parts of soybean, 80-100 parts of potato, 8-10 parts of lignocellulose, 15-20 parts of a food calling composition, 5-8 parts of an enzyme preparation and 5-8 parts of an acidifier. The pig feed additive provided by the invention has strong palatability, can invigorate the stomach, promote digestion, reduce the feed conversion ratio by 9.5%, obviously reduce the diarrhea rate by 95.66%, is rich in a large amount of probiotics, can help to degrade proteins and amino acids in piglets, reduce the content of ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide gas in piglet feces, and eliminate unpleasant gas in pigsty.
The two patent applications all use commercial probiotic microbial ecological agents which are basically single bacterial strains and have no variety specificity, intestinal flora is a complex microecological system, and the intestinal flora of the same species of different varieties has larger difference, so that the application effect of the existing commercial microbial preparations has certain limitation.
In view of the above, the invention aims at the breed characteristics of pigs and combines animal nutrition to solve the problem that commercial microbial preparations lack pertinence in application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pig feed additive, a pig ration and application thereof, aiming at the variety characteristics of pigs, combining animal nutrition, combining composite probiotics and fibers to form the pig feed additive, optimizing the proportion, developing a feeding test, and determining the optimal adding proportion of the pig feed additive in the pig feed according to the intestinal health condition and the growth performance of the pigs. Because the flora is an endogenous source, the feed additive has good adaptability to the intestinal environment of pigs, fully ensures the stable and lasting colonization of probiotics, improves the intestinal health, and simultaneously adds fiber, thereby not only reducing the feed cost, but also providing required nutrient substances for the growth and the propagation of the composite probiotics. The daily ration for pigs added with the pig feed additive can greatly improve the muscle taste of pigs and improve the pork flavor.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the pig feed additive comprises a fermentation liquor freezing drying agent and fiber, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor freezing drying agent to the fiber is 1.
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the effective component of the fermentation liquor freezing desiccant is endogenous compound probiotics of pigs.
The fiber includes corn husk fiber and grass fiber.
The pig feed additive is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) Selecting a donor pig;
(2) In vitro fermentation: collecting the excrement of the pig selected in the step (1), dividing the excrement into two parts, and storing one part at low temperature for high-throughput sequencing; inoculating the other part with a continuous fermentation model to obtain a stable fermentation liquid;
(3) Freeze-drying the stable fermentation liquor obtained in the step (2) to obtain a fermentation liquor freeze-drying agent;
(4) And (4) mixing the fermentation liquor freezing drying agent obtained in the step (3) with fiber to obtain the pig feed additive.
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
in the step (1), the selection of the donor pig refers to that the donor pig can be obtained by culturing the fecal leachate in a culture medium added with penicillin antibiotics, and no common pathogenic bacteria colony appears in a culture dish. The penicillin antibiotic is preferably ampicillin.
In the step (2), the feces are fresh feces.
In the step (2), the low-temperature preservation temperature is-70 to-100 ℃, and preferably-80 ℃.
In the step (2), one copy of the low-temperature preservation high-throughput sequencing is used as a control for the flora structure of in vitro fermentation liquor.
In the step (2), the continuous fermentation model inoculation method comprises the following steps: single phase in vitro continuous fermentation mode.
In the step (2), the fermentation time is determined by observing the relative abundance distribution of the flora structures in the pig manure and the fermentation broth, and it can be seen that, at the phylum level, the donor pig cecal content and the dominant phylum in the fermentation broth are respectively Firmicutes (Firmicutes), bacteroidetes (bacteroides) and Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria), and the proportion of the 3 dominant phylum is more than 80%, and after in vitro fermentation, the microorganisms greatly change at the phylum level (for example, the relative abundance of the genera such as bacteroides and bacteroides is reduced, and the relative abundance of the genera such as fonticlla and closteriaceae _1 unculated is increased), and when the fermentation is performed for a certain time, the change of the microorganisms in the fermentation broth tends to be stable, which proves that the fermentation system enters a stable operation stage, preferably 6-10 days, and further preferably 7 days.
In the step (3), the temperature of freeze drying is-20 to-40 ℃, the time is 420 to 540min, and the vacuum degree is 10 to 40Pa; preferably, the temperature is-38 ℃, the time is 480min, and the vacuum degree is 30Pa.
In addition, the invention also provides a daily ration for pigs, which comprises the pig feed additive, a pig premix and a staple food.
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
according to the mass percentage, the feed comprises 2 percent of pig feed additive, 4 percent of pig premix and 94 percent of staple food.
The pig premix comprises mineral trace elements and multiple vitamins, wherein the weight ratio of the mineral trace elements to the multiple vitamins is 1:1, preferably, the mineral trace elements comprise copper sulfate pentahydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, sodium selenite, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, calcium iodate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and salt; the multiple vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B4, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B11, vitamin B12 and vitamin H.
The staple food comprises 62 parts of corn, 16 parts of soybean meal and 16 parts of bran.
The preparation method of the daily ration for the pigs comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the steps of processing mineral trace elements and multiple vitamins into mineral premix and multi-vitamin premix respectively, processing the mineral premix, the multi-vitamin premix, salt, calcium bicarbonate, calcium hydrophosphate and the like into pig premix, and processing the pig premix, a pig feed additive and staple food into pig ration.
Finally, the invention also provides application of the pig feed additive or the pig ration in improving the longissimus dorsi collagen and the delicate flavor amino acid of the pigs.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial characteristics:
(1) Aiming at the variety characteristics of pigs, the feed additive combines animal nutrition, and combines composite probiotics and fibers into the pig feed additive, the flora is an endogenous source, the adaptability to the intestinal environment of the pigs is good, and the stable and lasting colonization of the probiotics is fully ensured;
(2) The combination of the composite probiotics and the fiber not only reduces the feed cost, but also provides required nutrient substances for the growth and the propagation of the composite probiotics.
(3) The pig ration fed with the pig feed additive can greatly improve the muscle taste of pigs and improve the pork flavor.
(4) The pig feed additive and the pig ration are particularly suitable for pigs with higher fiber nutrition requirements, and the longest muscle collagen, total delicious amino acid, methionine of the delicious amino acid and glycine of the delicious amino acid of the pigs fed by the pig feed additive are greatly improved, and the 3-methylindole is obviously reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the technical means, the original characteristics, the achieved objects and the effects of the present invention easy to understand, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments are possible. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, all the procedures and equipment used were conventional equipment.
Example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3
The mineral trace elements are prepared from copper sulfate pentahydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, sodium selenite, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, calcium iodate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and salt according to a mineral premix processing technology and a pig mineral trace element requirement proportion in the pig nutritional requirement (NRC 2012) for reference;
the multivitamins are prepared from vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B4, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B11, vitamin B12 and vitamin H according to a vitamin premix processing technology and a proportion which is 1.2 times of the vitamin requirement according to the pig nutritional requirement (NRC 2012).
The fermentation liquor freezing desiccant is prepared according to the following method:
(1) Selecting a donor: 5 healthy pigs with optimal growth performance are selected from 80 pig groups in a pig farm of Xinkangnong pasture Limited company in Jinhua city, excrement leachate of the 5 pigs is respectively coated in a culture medium added with ampicillin to be cultured, and no common pathogenic bacteria colony appears in five culture dishes, which indicates that no common pathogenic bacteria of ampicillin resistant genes exist, so that the 5 pigs all meet the requirements and serve as donor pigs.
(2) In vitro fermentation: collecting the excrement of the pig selected in the step (1), dividing the excrement into two parts, and storing one part at low temperature of-80 ℃ for high-throughput sequencing; the other part is inoculated by a continuous fermentation model, and when the fermentation is carried out for 7 days, the microorganisms in the fermentation liquor tend to be stable, so that the fermentation system is proved to enter a stable operation stage to obtain stable fermentation liquor;
(3) Freeze-drying the stable fermentation liquor obtained in the step (2) under the conditions of-38 ℃, 480min and 30Pa of vacuum degree to obtain a fermentation liquor freeze-drying agent;
the fiber is corn bran fiber.
The formulations of the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 control, example and comparative pig ration formulas
The corresponding pig ration is processed according to the pig feed processing technology by referring to the formula in the table 1.
Result detection
50 pigs at the age of 90 days were selected, randomly divided into 5 groups of 10, and fed according to the control group, example 1, and comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively. The test period is 150 days, and indexes such as collagen, 3-methylindole, amino acid and the like in the longissimus muscle sample of the back of the pig are determined by slaughtering.
To study the effect of example 1 (enriched with complex probiotics and fiber nutrients) on meat quality, slaughter assays were performed on 8-month-old finishing pigs and the results of the relevant pork flavor index were determined as follows. The sum of 11 umami amino acids was used as comparison.
TABLE 2 comparison of the least squares means of meat quality indexes such as collagen of longissimus dorsi
As can be seen from Table 2, the collagen content of the longissimus dorsi muscle in example 1 was 21.8% higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.05) such as the control group. The trimethylindole in example 1 is reduced by 14.72 percent (p is less than 0.05) compared with the control group, the reduction of the comparative group is not significant and is sequentially 7.37 percent, 7.39 percent and 7.41 percent, which shows that the addition of the additive in example 1 in the daily ration of the pigs improves the muscle taste of the pigs, and the comparative group cannot realize the effect.
The comparison difference between two groups of the total sum of inosinic acid and umami amino acid is not obvious (p is greater than 0.05), but the total sum of inosinic acid and umami amino acid has an ascending trend, and the comparison examples show different degree of decline, which shows that the addition of the additive in the example 1 in daily ration can improve the pork flavor.
TABLE 3 least squares mean comparison of pH at each point determined 45-60 minutes after longissimus dorsi slaughter
As can be seen from table 3, the mean three-point pH values of example 1 showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) compared to the control group, indicating that the addition of the enriched probiotic and fiber combination to the ration had no effect on the mean three-point pH values.
Compared with a control group, the shoulder pH value example 1 is reduced by 3.35% to reach the remarkable level of 0.0581, the other comparative examples are not reduced remarkably, the recommended pH value example 1 is improved by 3.21% compared with the control group, the difference reaches the remarkable level of 0.0678, the comparative example is not improved remarkably, the acidification degrees of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the front and rear points of the example 1 are different, after the additive of the example 1 is added into the pig ration, the shoulder acidification degree is accelerated, the recommended acidification degree is improved, and the phenomenon is further discussed.
Table 4-1. The newest two-times-the-mean comparison unit for the content in umami amino acid longissimus dorsi: g/100g
Table 4-2. The latest two times the mean comparison unit of the content in the umami amino acid longissimus dorsi: g/100g
Methionine has the functions of protecting cardiac muscle and resisting depression, and methionine can be converted into taurine with obvious blood pressure lowering effect. Meanwhile, methionine has good functions of protecting liver and detoxifying, so that the methionine has good effect on treating liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis, fatty liver and various acute and chronic viral hepatitis in clinic.
When the organism has serious emergency, the glycine can be used as an exogenous supplement, can also be used as a nutritional supplement, and can also play a role in flavoring. The medicine is used for treating myasthenia gravis and progressive muscular atrophy, and can reduce irritation to stomach and treat hyperprolinemia in children when being combined with aspirin.
Through measurement and calculation, the total amino acid content of the embodiment 1 is 19.95 percent, and the total amino acid content of the control group is 19.44 percent; the cumulative total of the umami amino acids in example 1 accounts for 64.68 percent of the total amino acids, and the cumulative total of the umami amino acids in the control group accounts for 64.63 percent of the total amino acids; the sum of the umami amino acids in example 1 is 12.90%, the sum of the umami amino acids in the control group is 12.56%, and the sum of the umami amino acids in example 1 is 2.7% higher than that in the control group.
As can be seen from tables 4-1 and 4-2, methionine example 1 was 15.70% higher than the control group with a significant difference (p = 0.0013), and glycine example 1 was 6.16% higher than the control group with a significant difference (p = 0.0287). The remaining amino acids example 1 were not significantly different compared to the control group (p > 0.05).
The additive in the example 1 is added into the pig ration, so that the delicious amino acids methionine and glycine in the pork are obviously increased, and the pork flavor is improved.
The data show that the pig meat quality can be obviously improved and the pork flavor is improved by adding the intestinal probiotics combined fiber nutrient into the pig daily ration.
In conclusion, the pig ration of example 1 improves the longest muscle collagen of the back of the pig by 21.8%, reduces the 3-methylindole by 14.7%, improves the total delicious amino acid by 2.7%, improves the methionine of the delicious amino acid by 15.7%, and improves the glycine of the delicious amino acid by 6.16%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (2)
1. The daily ration for pigs is characterized by comprising 2% of a pig feed additive, 4% of a pig premix and 94% of a staple food by mass percent;
the pig feed additive comprises a fermentation liquor freezing drying agent and fibers, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor freezing drying agent to the fibers is 1; the effective component of the fermentation liquor freezing desiccant is endogenous composite probiotics of pigs, and the fermentation liquor freezing desiccant is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) Selecting a donor pig; the selection of the donor pig refers to that pathogenic bacteria appear and can be used as the donor pig by culturing the excrement leachate in a culture medium added with penicillin antibiotics;
(2) In vitro fermentation: collecting the excrement of the pig selected in the step (1), dividing the excrement into two parts, and storing one part at low temperature for high-throughput sequencing; inoculating the other part with a single-phase in-vitro continuous fermentation model to obtain stable fermentation liquor; the fermentation time is 6-10 days;
(3) Freeze-drying the stable fermentation liquor obtained in the step (2) to obtain a fermentation liquor freeze-drying agent; the freeze drying temperature is-20 deg.C to-40 deg.C, the time is 420-540min, and the vacuum degree is 10-40Pa;
(4) Mixing the fermentation liquor freezing drying agent obtained in the step (3) with fiber to obtain the pig feed additive,
the pig premix comprises mineral trace elements and multiple vitamins, wherein the mineral trace elements comprise copper sulfate pentahydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, sodium selenite, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, calcium iodate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrophosphate dihydrate and salt; the multivitamin premix comprises vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B4, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B11, vitamin B12 and vitamin H.
2. The use of the pig ration of claim 1 to increase glutamic acid in pork.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101138392A (en) * | 2007-07-30 | 2008-03-12 | 湖南农业大学 | Micro-zoology preparations for feeding |
| CN105002155A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-10-28 | 北京好实沃生物技术有限公司 | Probiotics preparation for pigs and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101138392A (en) * | 2007-07-30 | 2008-03-12 | 湖南农业大学 | Micro-zoology preparations for feeding |
| CN105002155A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-10-28 | 北京好实沃生物技术有限公司 | Probiotics preparation for pigs and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| "金华猪肠道生态菌群结构功能研究及资源化无抗安全生物饲料开发";项云、肖英平等;《科技成果》;20191219;第1-5页 * |
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