CN113391124B - Insulation level monitoring method, device and system for medium-voltage power system - Google Patents
Insulation level monitoring method, device and system for medium-voltage power system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113391124B CN113391124B CN202110618008.4A CN202110618008A CN113391124B CN 113391124 B CN113391124 B CN 113391124B CN 202110618008 A CN202110618008 A CN 202110618008A CN 113391124 B CN113391124 B CN 113391124B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/025—Measuring very high resistances, e.g. isolation resistances, i.e. megohm-meters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
Abstract
The invention relates to a method, a device and a system for monitoring insulation level of a medium-voltage power system, wherein the method firstly adopts a direct-current voltage injection method to arrange a plurality of insulation level monitoring devices, injection resistors, isolation capacitors and Hall current sensors on a plurality of buses and a plurality of feeder lines of the medium-voltage power system; then calculating the direct current voltage value injected by each insulation level monitoring device according to a gradient voltage method; then, performing double-state operation on all insulation level monitoring devices in the medium-voltage power system according to a wheel sequence control method; and finally, the direct current insulation resistance of the medium voltage power system to be monitored is obtained according to a system insulation resistance calculation method, so that the insulation state of the medium voltage power system is obtained, the insulation state is more visual, a plurality of insulation level monitoring devices do not need to communicate with each other, the direct current voltage is monitored according to the respective number, the wheel sequence monitoring can be realized, the distributed control is realized, the arrangement difficulty is greatly reduced, and the wiring complexity is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power supply protection of power systems, and particularly relates to a method, a device and a system for monitoring insulation level of a medium-voltage power system.
Background
At present, a medium-voltage power system is an important ring in a power supply and distribution network of the power system, the voltage levels of the medium-voltage power system are usually 3kV,6kV,10kV,35kV and 66kV, and the medium-voltage power system is mainly characterized in that the system neutral point always exists under the voltage level: the mode of non-grounding operation, small resistance grounding operation and arc suppression coil operation. Various neutral point operation modes exist in urban distribution networks, rural distribution networks, railway power supply and distribution systems and industrial and mining enterprise distribution networks. Under the voltage level, the insulation level monitoring in the power system is difficult to continuously and online observe due to the factors of diversified neutral point operation modes, complex network architecture, huge volume and the like.
In actual operation of the power system, operation hidden danger can be caused after the insulation level is reduced, the leakage current of the system is increased, and the operation reliability of the system is reduced. Meanwhile, when the equipment is changed from cold standby to hot standby or is not operated for a long time and is re-input, the insulation state of the equipment is required to be tested, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, and a large amount of waiting production time is occupied.
However, the current common monitoring means, such as partial discharge measurement, cannot accurately measure the insulation resistance of equipment and is obviously affected by air humidity, and in addition, partial discharge generally only measures single equipment and cannot perform insulation monitoring on the whole power network or system; although the leakage current measurement can monitor the network system, the measurement index is obviously affected by weather, and the current insulation state cannot be accurately represented. Meanwhile, according to the definition of the insulation resistance, direct-current voltage needs to be applied to the equipment or the system, and the resistance obtained through calculation is the insulation resistance of the equipment or the system, so that the actual insulation state of the equipment or the system is truly reflected. Existing partial discharge monitoring and leakage current monitoring do not result in a true insulation resistance of the device or system.
It is clear that there are a number of problems with the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an insulation level monitoring method, an insulation level monitoring device and an insulation level monitoring system, wherein the insulation level monitoring method can obtain the real direct current insulation resistance of a medium voltage power system, and is more visual in insulation state and low in arrangement difficulty.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for monitoring the insulation level of a medium-voltage power system, which comprises the following steps:
a direct-current voltage injection method is adopted to arrange a plurality of insulation level monitoring devices, injection resistors, isolation capacitors and Hall current sensors on a plurality of buses and a plurality of feeder lines of a medium-voltage power system;
calculating the direct current voltage value injected by each insulation level monitoring device according to a gradient voltage method;
performing double-state operation on all insulation level monitoring devices in the medium-voltage power system according to a wheel sequence control method;
and obtaining the direct current insulation resistance of the medium voltage power system to be monitored according to the system insulation resistance calculation method, thereby obtaining the insulation state of the medium voltage power system.
Further, the "calculating the value of the direct current voltage injected into each insulation level monitoring device according to the gradient voltage method" specifically includes:
s101, sequentially numbering 1 and 2 … … n for each insulation level monitoring device in a medium-voltage power system;
s102, judging the numerical range of n, and outputting the direct current voltage injected by each insulation level monitoring device according to the numerical value calculated in S103 when n is less than or equal to 11; when n is more than or equal to 12, outputting the direct current voltage injected by each insulation level monitoring device according to the numerical value calculated in S104;
s103, when n is an even number, the direct current voltage output by each insulation level monitoring device is sequentially as follows: 1500±50k, k=0, 1, … …, n/2; when n is an odd number, the direct current voltage output by each insulation level monitoring device is sequentially as follows: 1500±50k, k=0, 1, … …, (n-1)/2;
s104, when n is an even number, the direct current voltage output by each insulation level monitoring device is sequentially as follows: 1500±500k/n, k=0, 1, … …, n/2; when n is an odd number, the direct current voltage output by each insulation level monitoring device is sequentially as follows: 1500±500 k/(n-1), k=0, 1, … …, (n-1)/2.
Further, the two-state operation method comprises a direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state and a non-direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the DC voltage injection and insulation level calculation state is that the DC voltage injected by an insulation level monitoring device calculated according to a gradient voltage method is divided by the output current of the insulation level monitoring device, and then the injection resistance is subtracted to obtain the system insulation resistance of the monitoring point;
the non-DC voltage injection and insulation level calculation state is that after the injection of DC voltage by the current insulation level monitoring device is stopped, the DC voltage injected by other insulation level monitoring devices is collected, the collected DC voltage is divided by the collected Hall DC current obtained by the Hall current sensor at the installation point of the current insulation level monitoring device, and the load side insulation resistance under the non-injection DC voltage is obtained.
Further, the round sequence control method comprises the following steps:
s201, enabling an insulation level monitoring device with the number of 1 to start, working in a direct-current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state t1, and enabling other insulation level monitoring devices with the numbers to work in a non-direct-current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state;
s202, stopping direct-current voltage injection and insulation level calculation for n-1 t1 time after the insulation level monitoring device with the number of 1 exceeds t1 time;
s203, if other numbered insulation level monitoring devices monitor that the direct current voltage of the system is lost, the insulation level monitoring device with the number 2 works in a direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state t1, and other numbered insulation level monitoring devices work in a non-direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state;
s204, sequentially completing rotation of direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation states and non-direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation states of the n insulation level monitoring devices according to the processes from S202 to S203;
s205, after the insulation level monitoring device with the number n finishes the direct-current voltage injection and the insulation level calculation state t1, the step S201 is restarted, and the circulation is realized.
Further, the t1 time of the DC voltage injection and insulation level calculation state is not less than 60s.
Further, the "obtaining the dc insulation resistance of the medium voltage power system to be monitored according to the system insulation resistance calculation method so as to obtain the insulation state of the medium voltage power system" includes:
s301, when the average value difference between the system insulation resistance obtained by calculation of each insulation level monitoring device and all the system insulation resistances except the current monitoring device is not more than 50%, the insulation resistance of the current insulation level monitoring device is considered to be effective system insulation resistance;
s302, taking the average value of all effective system insulation resistances as the system insulation resistance of the power system to be monitored;
s303, calculating an average value of load side insulation resistance values of the non-injection direct current voltage obtained in the round sequence control, wherein the feeder line where the insulation level monitoring device with the minimum value is located is the feeder line with the weakest system insulation level.
Further, the method of arranging a plurality of insulation level monitoring devices, injection resistors, isolation capacitors and hall current sensors on a plurality of buses and a plurality of feeder lines of a medium-voltage power system by adopting a direct-current voltage injection method specifically comprises the following steps: an insulation level monitoring device, three injection resistors and a blocking capacitor are arranged at different positions of a plurality of buses and a plurality of feeder lines of a medium voltage power system, one ends of the three injection resistors are sequentially connected with three-phase medium voltage buses or feeder lines of the medium voltage power system A, B, C, the other ends of the three injection resistors are connected into a star connection, the star midpoint of the three injection resistors is connected with the insulation level monitoring device, all high-voltage side grounding points in the medium voltage power system are grounded through the blocking capacitor, a Hall current sensor is arranged near each insulation level monitoring device, and A, B, C three-phase medium voltage buses or feeder lines penetrate through the Hall current sensor in a direction from a bus power supply to a load side.
The invention also provides an insulation level monitoring device of the medium-voltage power system, which comprises an analog quantity detection module, a direct-current voltage generation module, a core control module, a communication module and a man-machine interface; the system comprises an analog quantity monitoring module, a communication module, a man-machine interface and a core control module, wherein the analog quantity monitoring module is used for monitoring analog quantities such as Hall current, direct current voltage and the like, the direct current voltage generating module is a direct current power supply and used for being injected into an insulation level monitoring system of a medium-voltage power system, the core control module is a controller, a gradient voltage method module, a wheel sequence control method module, a double-state operation module and a system insulation resistance calculation method module are embedded in the controller, the communication module is used for communication, and the man-machine interface is used for data display.
The invention also provides a medium voltage power system insulation level monitoring system which comprises a plurality of insulation level monitoring devices, injection resistors, isolation capacitors and Hall current sensors, wherein the monitoring process is the medium voltage power system insulation level monitoring method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
through the technical scheme, the invention can carry out integral insulation monitoring on the power system with single bus and multiple feeder lines, and has the following advantages:
1. by the method, the plurality of insulation level monitoring devices do not need to communicate with each other, and the direct-current voltage can be monitored according to the respective serial numbers, so that the wheel sequence monitoring is realized, the distributed control is realized, the arrangement difficulty is greatly reduced, and the wiring complexity is reduced.
2. The invention has simple monitoring principle, the calculated real direct current insulation resistance and more visual insulation state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for monitoring insulation level of a medium voltage power system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an embodiment of an insulation level monitoring system for a medium voltage power system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for monitoring insulation level of a medium voltage power system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, arranging a plurality of insulation level monitoring devices, injection resistors, isolation capacitors and Hall current sensors on a plurality of buses and a plurality of feeder lines of a medium-voltage power system by adopting a direct-current voltage injection method; the method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 2, the insulation level monitoring system of the medium voltage power system of the invention is composed of a plurality of insulation level monitoring devices, injection resistors, isolation capacitors and hall current sensors (not shown in the figure), when in use, one insulation level monitoring device, three injection resistors (high voltage resistors) and a blocking capacitor are arranged at different positions of a plurality of buses and a plurality of feeder lines of the medium voltage power system, one ends of the three injection resistors are sequentially connected with three-phase medium voltage buses or feeder lines of the medium voltage power system A, B, C, the other ends of the three injection resistors are connected into a star connection method, the star midpoint of the three injection resistors is connected with the insulation level monitoring devices, all high voltage side grounding points in the medium voltage power system are grounded through the isolation capacitors, the hall current sensors are installed near each insulation level monitoring device, and A, B, C three-phase medium voltage buses or feeder lines penetrate through the hall current sensors, and the directions of the three-phase medium voltage buses or feeder lines are from a bus power supply to a load side; the insulation level monitoring device comprises an analog quantity detection module, a direct-current voltage generation module, a core control module, a communication module and a man-machine interface; the system comprises an analog quantity monitoring module, a communication module, a man-machine interface and a core control module, wherein the analog quantity monitoring module is used for monitoring analog quantities such as Hall current, direct current voltage and the like, the direct current voltage generating module is a direct current power supply and used for being injected into an insulation level monitoring system of a medium-voltage power system, the core control module is a controller, a gradient voltage method module, a wheel sequence control method module, a double-state operation module and a system insulation resistance calculation method module are embedded in the controller, the communication module is used for communication, and the man-machine interface is used for data display.
S2, calculating the direct current voltage value injected by each insulation level monitoring device according to a gradient voltage method; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s2-1, sequentially numbering 1 and 2 … … n for each insulation level monitoring device in the medium-voltage power system;
s2-2, judging the numerical range of n, and outputting the direct current voltage injected by each insulation level monitoring device according to the numerical value calculated in the step S2-3 when n is less than or equal to 11; when n is more than or equal to 12, outputting the direct current voltage injected by each insulation level monitoring device according to the numerical value calculated in the step S2-4;
s2-3, when n is an even number, the direct current voltage output by each insulation level monitoring device is sequentially as follows: 1500±50k, k=0, 1, … …, n/2; when n is an odd number, the direct current voltage output by each insulation level monitoring device is sequentially as follows: 1500±50k, k=0, 1, … …, (n-1)/2;
s2-4, when n is an even number, the direct current voltage output by each insulation level monitoring device is sequentially as follows: 1500±500k/n, k=0, 1, … …, n/2; when n is an odd number, the direct current voltage output by each insulation level monitoring device is sequentially as follows: 1500±500 k/(n-1), k=0, 1, … …, (n-1)/2.
S3, performing double-state operation on all insulation level monitoring devices in the medium-voltage power system according to a round sequence control method; the double-state operation method comprises a direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state and a non-direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the wheel sequence control method comprises the following steps:
s3-1, enabling an insulation level monitoring device with the number of 1 to start, work in a direct-current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state t1, and enabling insulation level monitoring devices with other numbers to work in a non-direct-current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state;
s3-2, stopping direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation for n-1 t1 times after the insulation level monitoring device with the number of 1 exceeds t1 time, wherein n represents the number of the insulation level monitoring devices in the medium-voltage power system, and n is equal to t1, and the whole system just completes one round of injection;
s3-3, if the insulation level monitoring devices with other numbers monitor that the direct current voltage of the system is lost, the insulation level monitoring device with the number 2 works in a direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state t1, and the insulation level monitoring devices with other numbers work in a non-direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state;
s3-4, sequentially completing the rotation of the direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation states and the non-direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation states of the n insulation level monitoring devices according to the processes from the step S3-2 to the step S3-3;
s3-5, after the insulation level monitoring device with the number n finishes the direct-current voltage injection and the insulation level calculation state t1, the steps S3-1 to S3-5 are re-executed to realize circulation.
In addition, in the round sequence control method, the t1 time of the direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state is preferably not less than 60s, so that the monitoring accuracy is effectively ensured, and if the t1 time is less than 60s, on one hand, the rotation is too frequent, and on the other hand, the accuracy is affected due to the fact that the time is too short due to the change of weather, humidity and the like.
The DC voltage injection and insulation level calculation state is that the DC voltage injected by an insulation level monitoring device calculated according to a gradient voltage method is divided by the output current of the insulation level monitoring device, and then the injection resistance is subtracted to obtain the system insulation resistance of the monitoring point; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s3-6: each insulation level monitoring device obtains direct-current voltage values which are required to be injected respectively according to a gradient voltage injection method;
s3-7: and calculating by dividing the injection voltage of the insulation level monitoring device by the output current and subtracting the injection resistance to obtain the system insulation resistance of the monitoring point.
The non-DC voltage injection and insulation level calculation state is that after the injection of DC voltage by the current insulation level monitoring device is stopped, the DC voltage injected by other insulation level monitoring devices is collected, the collected DC voltage is divided by the Hall current sensor at the installation point position of the current insulation level monitoring device to obtain Hall DC current, and the load side insulation resistance under the non-injection DC voltage is obtained; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s3-8: stopping injecting the direct current voltage, and collecting port direct current voltage of the insulation level monitoring device (the direct current voltage is not output by the insulation level monitoring device at the current position, but is output by the insulation level monitoring devices at other positions);
s3-9: the load side insulation resistance under the non-injection direct current voltage is obtained by dividing the port direct current voltage by the Hall direct current at the mounting point position.
S4, obtaining the direct current insulation resistance of the medium voltage power system to be monitored according to a system insulation resistance calculation method, so as to obtain the insulation state of the medium voltage power system; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s4-1, when the average value difference between the system insulation resistance obtained by calculation of each insulation level monitoring device and all the system insulation resistances except the current monitoring device is not more than 50%, the insulation resistance of the current insulation level monitoring device is considered to be effective system insulation resistance;
s4-2, taking the average value of all effective system insulation resistances as the system insulation resistance of the power system to be monitored;
s4-3, calculating an average value of the load side insulation resistance values under the non-injection direct current voltage obtained in the round sequence control, wherein the feeder line where the insulation level monitoring device with the minimum value is located is the weakest feeder line of the system insulation level.
When the insulation level monitoring system of the medium-voltage power system monitors, the insulation level monitoring method of the medium-voltage power system can be used for carrying out integral insulation monitoring on the power system with single bus and multiple feeder lines, a plurality of insulation level monitoring devices do not need to communicate with each other, the wheel sequence monitoring can be realized only by monitoring the direct-current voltage according to respective numbers, the distributed control is realized, the arrangement difficulty and the wiring complexity are greatly reduced, the monitoring principle is simple, the actual direct-current insulation resistance is obtained through calculation, and the insulation state is more visual.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, such changes and modifications are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for monitoring insulation level of a medium voltage power system, comprising:
a direct-current voltage injection method is adopted to arrange a plurality of insulation level monitoring devices, injection resistors, isolation capacitors and Hall current sensors on a plurality of buses and a plurality of feeder lines of a medium-voltage power system;
calculating the direct current voltage value injected by each insulation level monitoring device according to a gradient voltage method; the method comprises the following steps:
s101, sequentially numbering 1 and 2 … … n for each insulation level monitoring device in a medium-voltage power system;
s102, judging the numerical range of n, and outputting the direct current voltage injected by each insulation level monitoring device according to the numerical value calculated in S103 when n is less than or equal to 11; when n is more than or equal to 12, outputting the direct current voltage injected by each insulation level monitoring device according to the numerical value calculated in S104;
s103, when n is an even number, the direct current voltage output by each insulation level monitoring device is sequentially as follows: 1500±50k, k=0, 1, … …, n/2; when n is an odd number, the direct current voltage output by each insulation level monitoring device is sequentially as follows: 1500±50k, k=0, 1, … …, (n-1)/2;
s104, when n is an even number, the direct current voltage output by each insulation level monitoring device is sequentially as follows: 1500±500k/n, k=0, 1, … …, n/2; when n is an odd number, the direct current voltage output by each insulation level monitoring device is sequentially as follows: 1500±500 k/(n-1), k=0, 1, … …, (n-1)/2;
performing double-state operation on all insulation level monitoring devices in the medium-voltage power system according to a wheel sequence control method; the double-state operation method comprises a direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state and a non-direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the DC voltage injection and insulation level calculation state is that the DC voltage injected by an insulation level monitoring device calculated according to a gradient voltage method is divided by the output current of the insulation level monitoring device, and then the injection resistance is subtracted to obtain the system insulation resistance of the insulation level monitoring device;
the non-DC voltage injection and insulation level calculation state is that after the injection of DC voltage by the current insulation level monitoring device is stopped, the DC voltage injected by other insulation level monitoring devices is collected, the collected DC voltage is divided by the Hall current sensor at the installation point position of the current insulation level monitoring device to obtain Hall DC current, and the load side insulation resistance under the non-injection DC voltage is obtained;
s301, when the average value difference between the system insulation resistance obtained by calculation of each insulation level monitoring device and all the system insulation resistances except the current monitoring device is not more than 50%, the insulation resistance of the current insulation level monitoring device is considered to be effective system insulation resistance;
s302, taking the average value of all effective system insulation resistances as the direct current insulation resistance of the medium-voltage power system to be monitored;
s303, calculating an average value of load side insulation resistance values of the non-injection direct current voltage obtained in the round sequence control, wherein the feeder line where the insulation level monitoring device with the minimum value is located is the feeder line with the weakest system insulation level.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the round robin control method comprises:
s201, enabling an insulation level monitoring device with the number of 1 to start, working in a direct-current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state t1, and enabling other insulation level monitoring devices with the numbers to work in a non-direct-current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state;
s202, stopping direct-current voltage injection and insulation level calculation for n-1 t1 time after the insulation level monitoring device with the number of 1 exceeds t1 time;
s203, if other numbered insulation level monitoring devices monitor that the direct current voltage of the system is lost, the insulation level monitoring device with the number 2 works in a direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state t1, and other numbered insulation level monitoring devices work in a non-direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation state;
s204, sequentially completing rotation of direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation states and non-direct current voltage injection and insulation level calculation states of the n insulation level monitoring devices according to the processes from S202 to S203;
s205, after the insulation level monitoring device with the number n finishes the direct-current voltage injection and the insulation level calculation state t1, the step S201 is restarted, and the circulation is realized.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the t1 time of the dc voltage injection and insulation level calculation state is not less than 60s.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the "arranging a plurality of insulation level monitoring devices, injection resistors, isolation capacitors, hall current sensors on a plurality of bus bars and a plurality of feeder lines of a medium voltage power system by adopting a direct voltage injection method" is specifically: an insulation level monitoring device, three injection resistors and a blocking capacitor are arranged at different positions of a plurality of buses and a plurality of feeder lines of a medium voltage power system, one ends of the three injection resistors are sequentially connected with three-phase medium voltage buses or feeder lines of the medium voltage power system A, B, C, the other ends of the three injection resistors are connected into a star connection, the star midpoint of the three injection resistors is connected with the insulation level monitoring device, all high-voltage side grounding points in the medium voltage power system are grounded through the blocking capacitor, a Hall current sensor is arranged near each insulation level monitoring device, and A, B, C three-phase medium voltage buses or feeder lines penetrate through the Hall current sensor in a direction from a bus power supply to a load side.
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