CN113389816B - Preparation method of high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve Download PDFInfo
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- CN113389816B CN113389816B CN202110644366.2A CN202110644366A CN113389816B CN 113389816 B CN113389816 B CN 113389816B CN 202110644366 A CN202110644366 A CN 202110644366A CN 113389816 B CN113389816 B CN 113389816B
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- shaft sleeve
- lubricating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, which comprises a male die and a female die; heating bodies are prefabricated inside the male die and the female die; the center of die is provided with the base member, form the holding chamber that is used for shaping self-lubricating wearing layer between the interior diapire of die and the inner wall of base member, the output at the master cylinder is installed to the terrace die, the die is installed on the work revolving stage. Compared with the existing shaft sleeve, only one self-lubricating wear-resistant layer needs to be consolidated on the conventional alloy shaft sleeve in a hot-pressing mode, and the high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve is guaranteed to have better self-lubricating performance and higher crush resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-lubricating shaft sleeve for a loader-digger, in particular to a preparation method of a high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve.
Background
At present, the shaft sleeve is usually directly processed by alloy steel or copper alloy and other materials, in addition, the powder metallurgy shaft sleeve is prepared by a sintering process of alloy powder, a typical self-lubricating shaft sleeve is for example embedded with a solid lubricant shaft sleeve, and a composite material adopted by the embedded graphite copper sleeve self-lubricating shaft sleeve is a novel extreme pressure resistant solid lubricating material and consists of a metal substrate and a solid lubricant paste embedded in a hole or a groove of the substrate.
The traditional steel sleeve or alloy material shaft sleeve has no self-lubricating property, so that the grease injection period interval is short. The powder metallurgy oil-containing shaft sleeve has the defects of low crushing strength and incapability of bearing heavy-load use working conditions. Because the embedded graphite groove of the embedded graphite copper sleeve self-lubricating shaft sleeve is shallow, after the embedded graphite is worn under the long-term severe wear working condition, the self-lubricating effect is greatly reduced, and the later-period wear is accelerated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, which takes a traditional shaft sleeve material as a substrate, forms a self-lubricating wear-resistant coating with large thickness and good self-lubricating effect on a friction surface by a hot-pressing consolidation method, improves the integral crushing resistance of the composite shaft sleeve, and ensures that the composite shaft sleeve has long-time and high-efficiency self-lubricating effect under a heavy-load working condition.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention:
the invention provides a preparation method of a high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, which comprises the following steps:
weighing quantitative mixed powder according to the component ratio of SiC, flaky graphite and electrolytic copper powder;
mounting a prefabricated female die below a working turntable, and placing a prefabricated matrix in the center of the female die, wherein heating bodies are prefabricated in the female die, bosses are reserved on two end surfaces and the middle part of the inner wall of the matrix, and a protrusion is processed between every two adjacent bosses on the matrix;
filling a quantitative mixed powder into the inner ring of the substrate;
mounting a prefabricated male die on a main cylinder and aligning with the center of the female die, wherein a heating body is prefabricated inside the male die;
starting heating bodies inside the male die and the female die, and entering a heat preservation state;
the main cylinder descends at a constant speed, and the mixed powder in the matrix is subjected to hot pressing consolidation through a male die on the main cylinder;
when the master cylinder runs to a set stroke, the control mode is switched to constant pressure control;
starting the working turntable, starting the pressurization of the surface pressure of the main cylinder, and maintaining the pressure for a fixed time;
stopping the main cylinder and the working rotary table, controlling different heating temperatures to enter a heat preservation state, and respectively preserving heat for a fixed time;
and cooling and demolding.
Further, the mass of SiC, flaky graphite and electrolytic copper powder was calculated by mass percentage, and 900g of mixed powder was weighed.
Further, the mixed powder and the red copper balls are filled into a mixing tank according to a ball-to-material ratio of 4:1, and are mixed for 16 hours on a three-dimensional mixer by a high-energy ball milling method to obtain uniformly mixed powder.
And further, starting the heating bodies inside the male die and the female die, and controlling the temperature to be 750 ℃ to enter a heat preservation state.
Further, the main cylinder descends at a speed of 5.5mm/min, and the mixed powder in the matrix is subjected to hot-pressing consolidation through the male die on the main cylinder.
Further, when the master cylinder runs to the set stroke, the switching control mode is constant pressure control, and the surface pressure of the master cylinder is kept at 25 MPa.
Further, the working turntable is started, the rotating speed is 18.5mm/min, meanwhile, the surface pressure of the main cylinder is increased to 50MPa at 1MPa/min, and the pressure is maintained for 20 min.
Further, stopping the main cylinder and the working rotary table, controlling the temperature to be 450 ℃, entering a heat preservation state, and preserving the heat for 20 min;
controlling the temperature to be 150 ℃, entering a heat preservation state, and preserving the heat for 10 min.
The invention provides a preparation device of a high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, which comprises a male die and a female die;
heating bodies are prefabricated inside the male die and the female die;
the center of die is provided with the base member, form the holding chamber that is used for shaping self-lubricating wearing layer between the interior diapire of die and the inner wall of base member, the output at the master cylinder is installed to the terrace die, the die is installed on the work revolving stage.
Furthermore, bosses are reserved on two end faces and the middle of the inner wall of the base body, and bulges are processed between the adjacent bosses of the base body.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the existing shaft sleeve, only one self-lubricating wear-resistant layer needs to be consolidated on the conventional alloy shaft sleeve in a hot-pressing manner, so that the high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve is ensured to have better self-lubricating performance and higher crush resistance; in addition, the bulges and the bosses on the inner wall of the base body are favorable for the metallurgical bonding effect of the wear-resistant coating of the composite shaft sleeve. The working turntable drives the mold, the matrix and the self-lubricating wear-resistant powder coating to rotate under the pressure maintaining state, so that gradient components and gradient performance characteristics which are distributed in the radial direction can be formed inside the self-lubricating wear-resistant powder coating. The self-lubricating wear-resistant coating can form gradient distribution on the microscopic size from the center to the outer circumference, the microscopic structure size from the inner surface layer to the outer surface layer is distributed from large to small, the fine structure size and particles on the outer surface layer are easy to form high metallurgical bonding with the inner surface of the matrix, and the bonding strength is improved; the large structure size and the particles of the inner surface layer are easier to form the best self-lubricating effect at the early stage of abrasion. When self-lubricating abrasion-resistant coating took place to wear and tear from endosexine to extexine, its self-lubricating was the trend change opposite with the wear-resisting effect, and the initial stage that wears out promptly, self-lubricating effect best has certain wearability concurrently, and later stage in wearing and tearing, after lubricating effect formed, the self-lubricating granule release will slow down, and self-lubricating abrasion-resistant coating's wearability obtains promoting. Therefore, the high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve has the advantages of long service life, good self-lubricating effect, high crushing strength, contribution to protecting friction shaft parts, economy, environmental protection, easiness in industrial application and the like due to high metallurgical bonding effect of the wear-resistant coating, good self-lubricating property and high wear resistance, and can be widely applied to connection of various rotating parts of engineering machinery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device for preparing a high-load self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
A conventional alloy steel or copper alloy pipe is used as a base material, and a self-lubricating wear-resistant coating is formed on the friction surface of the base material by a hot-pressing consolidation method. Specifically, machining the base material according to the size to form a protrusion and an end step on the friction surface; preparing a hot-pressing consolidation die; preparing self-lubricating mixed powder; the self-lubricating mixed powder is solidified on the friction surface of the base material in a mode of combining heating, pressing and twisting, and finally, the part is formed through proper machining. The base material can be reasonably selected according to the working condition and the use requirement. The most suitable self-lubricating mixed powder component proportion can be selected according to working conditions and use requirements.
Example of the implementation
The matrix adopts high-strength brass, and the composite powder comprises the following raw materials: electrolytic copper powder (300 meshes, 45 mu mm, purity more than or equal to 99.5%); flake graphite (300 meshes, 45 mu mm, purity more than or equal to 99.9%); beta-SiC particles (0.5 mu mm, purity more than or equal to 99.9%); molybdenum disulfide (500 meshes, purity is more than or equal to 99.9%). The copper powder comprises the following components: graphite: SiC particles: molybdenum disulfide 86:10:2:2 (wt%).
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, which comprises the following manufacturing steps:
step one, preparing mixed powder. The mass of SiC, flaky graphite and electrolytic copper powder is calculated according to the component proportion (mass percentage), and the mixed powder with the total weight of 900g is weighed. And (3) filling the mixed powder and red copper balls (ball-to-material ratio is 4:1) into a mixing tank, and mixing for 16h on a three-dimensional mixer by a high-energy ball milling method to obtain uniformly mixed powder.
And step two, preparing a mould. According to the size of the shaft sleeve, the proportion of the base material and the characteristics of the powder forming process, and the machining allowance is reserved, the male die 10 and the female die 20 which meet the requirements are prepared, and heating bodies (namely heating rods 30) are prefabricated in the male die 10 and the female die 20.
And step three, preparing the matrix. And preparing the base 40 meeting the requirements according to the size of the shaft sleeve and the proportion of the base material. Bosses 41 are reserved on two end faces and the middle part of the inner wall of the base body 40, two shaft sleeve parts are formed in one step in the processing, and the base body 40 is provided with a bulge 42 on the inner wall in a machining mode. The bulges 42 and the bosses 41 on the inner wall of the base body 40 are beneficial to the metallurgical bonding effect of the wear-resistant coating of the composite shaft sleeve.
And step four, hot pressing and solidifying. The male die 10 is fixed in the center of the bottom plate 50 and is arranged on the working turntable, and the matrix 40 is placed in the center of the female die 20. The male mold 10 is mounted on the master cylinder to be centered with the female mold. 500g of the mixed powder was annularly charged into the base body 40 in terms of the bulk density and the molding space. Starting the heating function of the male die 10 and the female die 20, controlling the temperature to be 750 ℃, entering a heat preservation state, and descending the main cylinder at the speed of 5.5mm/min to perform hot pressing consolidation on the mixed powder in the matrix 40.
When the master cylinder runs to a set stroke, the control mode is switched to constant pressure control, and the surface pressure of the master cylinder is kept at 25 MPa. And starting the lower working turntable, wherein the rotating speed is 18.5mm/min, and meanwhile, the surface pressure of the main cylinder is increased to 50MPa at the speed of 1MPa/min, and the pressure is maintained for 20 min. The working turntable drives the mold, the matrix and the self-lubricating wear-resistant powder coating to rotate under the pressure maintaining state, so that gradient components and gradient performance characteristics which are distributed in the radial direction can be formed inside the self-lubricating wear-resistant powder coating. The self-lubricating wear-resistant coating can form gradient distribution on the microscopic size from the center to the outer circumference, the microscopic structure size from the inner surface layer to the outer surface layer is distributed from large to small, the fine structure size and particles on the outer surface layer are easy to form high metallurgical bonding with the inner surface of the matrix, and the bonding strength is improved; the large structure size and the particles of the inner surface layer are easier to form the best self-lubricating effect at the early stage of abrasion. When self-lubricating abrasion-resistant coating took place to wear and tear from endosexine to extexine, its self-lubricating was the trend change opposite with the wear-resisting effect, and the initial stage that wears out promptly, self-lubricating effect best has certain wearability concurrently, and later stage in wearing and tearing, after lubricating effect formed, the self-lubricating granule release will slow down, and self-lubricating abrasion-resistant coating's wearability obtains promoting.
And step five, stopping the main cylinder and the working rotary table, controlling the temperature of the heating rod 30 to be 450 ℃ to enter a heat preservation state, and preserving the heat for 20 min. Controlling the temperature of the heating rod 30 to be 150 ℃, entering a heat preservation state, and preserving heat for 10 min. And then air-cooling to room temperature, finally demoulding, machining according to the size of the part, cutting the boss 41 in the middle, and forming two shaft sleeve parts at one time.
Therefore, the high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve has the advantages of long service life, good self-lubricating effect, high crushing strength, contribution to protecting friction shaft parts, economy, environmental protection, easiness in industrial application and the like due to high metallurgical bonding effect of the wear-resistant coating, good self-lubricating property and high wear resistance, and can be widely applied to connection of various rotating parts of engineering machinery.
The invention provides a preparation device of a high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, which comprises a male die 10 and a female die 20, wherein a heating body (namely a heating rod 30) is prefabricated in the male die and the female die, a matrix 40 is arranged at the center of the female die 20, an accommodating cavity for forming a composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 60 is formed between the inner bottom wall of the female die 20 and the inner wall of the matrix 40, the female die 20 is installed at the output end of a main cylinder, and the female die 20 is installed on a working turntable;
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve is characterized by comprising the following steps:
weighing quantitative mixed powder according to the component ratio of SiC, flaky graphite and electrolytic copper powder;
mounting a prefabricated female die on a working turntable, and placing a prefabricated matrix in the center of the female die, wherein heating bodies are prefabricated in the female die, bosses are reserved on two end surfaces and the middle part of the inner wall of the matrix, and a protrusion is processed between every two adjacent bosses on the matrix;
filling a quantitative mixed powder into the inner ring of the substrate;
mounting a prefabricated male die on a main cylinder and aligning with the center of the female die, wherein a heating body is prefabricated inside the male die;
starting heating bodies inside the male die and the female die, and entering a heat preservation state;
the main cylinder descends at a constant speed, and the mixed powder in the matrix is subjected to hot pressing consolidation through a male die on the main cylinder;
when the master cylinder runs to a set stroke, the control mode is switched to constant pressure control;
starting the working turntable, starting the pressurization of the surface pressure of the main cylinder, and maintaining the pressure for a fixed time;
stopping the main cylinder and the working rotary table, controlling different heating temperatures to enter a heat preservation state, and respectively preserving heat for a fixed time;
and cooling and demolding.
2. The method for preparing the self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve with high bearing capacity according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the SiC, the flaky graphite and the electrolytic copper powder is calculated according to the mass percentage, and the mixed powder with the total weight of 900g is weighed.
3. The method for preparing the self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve with high bearing capacity according to claim 1, wherein the mixed powder and the red copper balls are loaded into a mixing tank according to a ball-to-material ratio of 4:1, and are mixed on a three-dimensional mixer for 16 hours by a high-energy ball milling method to obtain uniformly mixed powder.
4. The method for preparing the self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve with high bearing capacity according to claim 1, wherein the heaters inside the male die and the female die are started, and the temperature is controlled to be 750 ℃ to enter a heat preservation state.
5. The method for preparing the self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve with high bearing capacity according to claim 1, wherein the main cylinder descends at a speed of 5.5mm/min, and the mixed powder in the matrix is subjected to hot-pressing consolidation through the male die on the main cylinder.
6. The method for preparing a high-load-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve according to claim 1, wherein when the main cylinder runs to a set stroke, the switching control mode is constant pressure control, and the surface pressure of the main cylinder is kept at 25 MPa.
7. The method for preparing a high load-bearing self-lubricating composite bushing according to claim 1, wherein the working turntable is started at a rotation speed of 18.5mm/min, and the master cylinder surface pressure is increased to 50MPa at 1MPa/min and maintained for 20 min.
8. The preparation method of the high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve according to claim 1, wherein the main cylinder and the working rotary table are stopped, the temperature is controlled to be 450 ℃ and enters a heat preservation state, and the heat preservation is carried out for 20 min;
controlling the temperature to be 150 ℃, entering a heat preservation state, and preserving the heat for 10 min.
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| CN202110644366.2A CN113389816B (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Preparation method of high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve |
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| CN202110644366.2A CN113389816B (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Preparation method of high-bearing self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5089354A (en) * | 1990-12-11 | 1992-02-18 | Chuetsu Metal Works, Co., Ltd. | Wear-resistant, anti-seizing copper alloy composite materials |
| WO1995030029A1 (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | High-strength self-lubricating composite material for high-temperature use and process for producing the same |
| CN1274341A (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 2000-11-22 | 费伦顿有限公司 | Method of mfg. diamond-silicon carbide-silicon composite and composite produced by this method |
| CN1806131A (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2006-07-19 | Ntn株式会社 | Sliding bearing |
| CN102729364A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-17 | 上海交通大学 | Thermoplastic resin-base braiding composite material thermoforming mold structure |
-
2021
- 2021-06-09 CN CN202110644366.2A patent/CN113389816B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5089354A (en) * | 1990-12-11 | 1992-02-18 | Chuetsu Metal Works, Co., Ltd. | Wear-resistant, anti-seizing copper alloy composite materials |
| WO1995030029A1 (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | High-strength self-lubricating composite material for high-temperature use and process for producing the same |
| CN1274341A (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 2000-11-22 | 费伦顿有限公司 | Method of mfg. diamond-silicon carbide-silicon composite and composite produced by this method |
| CN1806131A (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2006-07-19 | Ntn株式会社 | Sliding bearing |
| CN102729364A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-17 | 上海交通大学 | Thermoplastic resin-base braiding composite material thermoforming mold structure |
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