CN113387881A - 一种3-氨基异烟酸甲酯的合成方法 - Google Patents
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种3‑氨基异烟酸甲酯的合成方法,以4‑三氟甲基烟酸为起始原料,依次经过酰化缩合串联、Hofmann降解、水解、酯化反应得到所述3‑氨基异烟酸甲酯。本发明合成方法反应条件温和、收率高、成本低、原料易得、可工业化生产,且氯化亚砜反应液可以反复套用,提高原料的利用率,减少资源浪费,减少污染,最大限度地降低整体工艺的生产成本,具有极高的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学制药领域,具体涉及一种3-氨基异烟酸甲酯的合成方法。
背景技术
3-氨基异烟酸甲酯是一种常用的化工原料,其传统的合成方法是以3,4-吡啶二羧酸为原料,先与乙酰胺在酸酐催化下高温酰胺化得到吡啶二甲酰亚胺,再经过霍夫曼降解、酯化得到目标产物,反应路线如下所示,该方法需高温反应,生产耗能高,原料较贵,收率低,专利WO2006090167报道收率仅为68%,工业化生产成本过高。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明提供了一种3-氨基异烟酸甲酯的合成方法,以4--三氟甲基烟酸为起始原料,依次经过酰化缩合串联、Hofmann降解、水解、酯化反应得到目标产物。本方法反应条件温和,收率高,成本低,原料易得,可工业化生产,且氯化亚砜反应液可以反复套用,能够提高原料的利用率,减少资源浪费,减少污染,最大限度地降低整体工艺的生产成本,具有极高的应用价值。
本发明3-氨基异烟酸甲酯的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将3-氨基异烟酸甲酯、二氯甲烷、DMF加入反应瓶,控制温度在10-30℃,搅拌下滴加氯化亚砜,加完后升温至40-55℃,保温反应2小时,回收二氯甲烷和氯化亚砜,再加入二氯甲烷,搅拌均匀,将反应液滴加入-10至-5℃的氨水中,搅拌,抽滤,水洗,烘干,得4-三氟甲基烟碱;本步骤中蒸发浓缩的含有氯化亚砜的二氯甲烷可反复套用。
步骤2:将NaOH水溶液加入反应瓶中,温度控制在0℃以下,滴加溴素,加毕,加入4-三氟甲基烟碱,控制温度在-10至0℃,加毕,升温至70-90℃搅拌2小时,随后降温至20-30℃,用盐酸溶液调pH至5-10,加入二氯甲烷萃取,得有机相,蒸干,再加入异丙醇,滴加盐酸溶液调pH至1-2搅拌30min,减压浓缩,蒸干,加入THF搅拌,抽滤,滤饼加入水中,用碳酸钾调pH至9-10,用乙酸乙酯萃取,得有机相蒸干,石油醚析晶,得3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶;
步骤3:将3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶、10%KOH溶液加入反应瓶中,升温至80-110℃反应5小时,再常温搅拌8小时,控制温度10-20℃,用盐酸溶液调pH至3-4,固体析出,抽滤,水洗,烘干得3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸;
步骤4:将3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸、甲醇加入反应瓶中,控制温度-10至25℃下滴加硫酸,加毕,升温回流8小时,减压浓缩甲醇,冷却至室温,加入氨水调pH至7-8,加水,冷却至0-10℃,过滤烘干得3-氨基异烟酸甲酯。
步骤1中,4-三氟甲基烟酸与氯化亚砜的摩尔比为1:1-2、与总的二氯甲烷的质量比为1:3-5、与氨水的质量比为1:3-5。
步骤2中,4-三氟甲基烟碱与溴素和NaOH的摩尔比为1:1-1.5:10-15。
步骤2中,NaOH水溶液的质量浓度为10%。
步骤2中,碳酸钾溶液为饱和状态。
步骤3中,3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶与KOH溶液的质量比为1:10-30。
步骤2、3中,盐酸溶液的浓度为20%。
步骤4中,3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸和甲醇的摩尔比为1:10-25。
步骤4中,3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸和硫酸(浓度98%)的质量比为5:1。
步骤1、4中,氨水的浓度为25%。
本发明合成路线如下所示:
本发明合成方法以4-三氟甲基烟酸为原料,经过酰化缩合串联、Hofmann降解、酯化反应得到所述3-氨基异烟酸甲酯,反应条件温和,原料价廉易得,溶剂可反复套用,总收率高,工业化生产成本大幅度下降。
附图说明
图1为原料的核磁共振氢谱图。
图2为产物的核磁共振氢谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例,进一步阐明本发明技术方案。这些实施例只是为了说明问题,并不是一种限制。
实施例1:
本实施例中3-氨基异烟酸甲酯的合成方法包括以下步骤:
1、4-三氟甲基烟碱的合成
将3-氨基异烟酸甲酯38.2g(0.2mol)、二氯甲烷1155ml、DMF1ml加入反应瓶,控制温度在30℃搅拌下滴加氯化亚砜35.7g(0.3mol),加毕,升温至40-55℃,保温2小时,回收二氯甲烷和氯化亚砜,再加入二氯甲烷,搅拌均匀,将反应液滴加入冷冻过的氨水中,搅拌,抽滤,水洗,烘干得4-三氟甲基烟碱33g,收率87%,HPLC纯度98.7%。
2、3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶的合成
将70.8g10%NaOH(1.77mol)水溶液加入反应瓶中,温度控制在0℃以下,滴加溴素28.32g(0.177mol),加毕,加入4-三氟甲基烟碱28g(0.147mol),控制温度-10℃,加毕,升温至80℃搅拌2小时,降温至20℃,用20%盐酸调pH至5-10,加入二氯甲烷萃取,得有机相,蒸干,再加入异丙醇,滴加20%盐酸调pH至1-2搅拌30min,减压浓缩,蒸干,加入THF搅拌,抽滤,滤饼加入水中,用碳酸钾调pH至9-10,用乙酸乙酯萃取,得有机相蒸干,石油醚析晶,得3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶20g,收率84%HPLC纯度99.6%。
3、3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸的合成
将3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶20g(0.12mol)、10%KOH(20V)加入到反应瓶中,升温至100℃,反应5小时,再常温搅拌8小时,控制温度10℃,用20%盐酸调pH至3-4,固体析出,抽滤,水洗,烘干得3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸15.4g,收率90.4%,HPLC纯度99.2%
4、3-氨基异烟酸甲酯的合成
将3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸15.4g(0.11mol)、甲醇308ml加入反应瓶控制温度-10℃滴加硫酸,加毕,升温回流8小时,减压浓缩甲醇,冷却至室温,加入25%氨水调pH至7-8加水,冷却至0-10℃,过滤烘干得3-氨基异烟酸甲酯15.1g,收率90%,HPLC纯度99.5%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.24(s,1H),7.74(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),6.68(s,2H),3.83(s,3H).
实施例2:
本实施例中3-氨基异烟酸甲酯的合成方法包括以下步骤:
1、4-三氟甲基烟碱的合成
将3-氨基异烟酸甲酯38.2g(0.2mol)、二氯甲烷155ml、DMF1ml加入反应瓶,控制温度在20℃搅拌下滴加氯化亚砜29.75g(0.25mol),加毕,升温至40-55℃,保温2小时,回收二氯甲烷和氯化亚砜,再加入二氯甲烷,搅拌均匀,将反应液滴加入冷冻过的氨水中,搅拌,抽滤,水洗,烘干得4-三氟甲基烟碱31g,收率82%,HPLC纯度97.8%。
2、3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶的合成
将67.2g10%NaOH(1.68mol)水溶液加入反应瓶中,温度控制在0℃以下,滴加溴素25.49g(0.16mol),加毕,加入4-三氟甲基烟碱28g(0.147mol),控制温度-5℃,加毕,升温至70℃搅拌2小时,降温至20℃,用20%盐酸调pH至5-10,加入二氯甲烷萃取,得有机相,蒸干,再加入异丙醇,滴加20%盐酸调pH至1-2搅拌30min,减压浓缩,蒸干,加入THF搅拌,抽滤,滤饼加入水中,用碳酸钾调pH至9-10,用乙酸乙酯萃取,得有机相蒸干,石油醚析晶,得3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶18.6g,收率78%,HPLC纯度98.6%。
3、3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸的合成
将3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶20g(0.12mol)、10%KOH(18V)加入到反应瓶中,升温至90℃,反应5小时,再常温搅拌8小时,控制温度10℃,用20%盐酸调pH至3-4,固体析出,抽滤,水洗,烘干得3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸15.4g,收率90.4%,HPLC纯度99.2%
4、3-氨基异烟酸甲酯的合成
将3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸15.4g(0.11mol)、甲醇308ml加入反应瓶控制温度0℃滴加硫酸,加毕,升温回流8小时,减压浓缩甲醇,冷却至室温,加入25%氨水调pH至7-8加水,冷却至0-10℃,过滤烘干得3-氨基异烟酸甲酯14.7g,收率86%,HPLC纯度98.9%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.24(s,1H),7.74(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),6.68(s,2H),3.83(s,3H).
实施例3:
本实施例中3-氨基异烟酸甲酯的合成方法包括以下步骤:
1、4-三氟甲基烟碱的合成
将3-氨基异烟酸甲酯38.2g(0.2mol)、二氯甲烷155ml、DMF1ml加入反应瓶,控制温度在10℃搅拌下滴加氯化亚砜38.6g(0.32mol),加毕,升温至40-55℃,保温2小时,回收二氯甲烷和氯化亚砜,再加入二氯甲烷,搅拌均匀,将反应液滴加入冷冻过的氨水中,搅拌,抽滤,水洗,烘干得4-三氟甲基烟碱33.9g,收率89%,HPLC纯度98.8%。
2、3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶的合成
将75g10%NaOH(1.87mol)水溶液加入反应瓶中,温度控制在0℃以下,滴加溴素30g(0.188mol),加毕,加入4-三氟甲基烟碱28g(0.147mol),控制温度0℃,加毕,升温至90℃搅拌2小时,降温至20℃,用20%盐酸调pH至5-10,加入二氯甲烷萃取,得有机相,蒸干,再加入异丙醇,滴加20%盐酸调pH至1-2搅拌30min,减压浓缩,蒸干,加入THF搅拌,抽滤,滤饼加入水中,用碳酸钾调pH至9-10,用乙酸乙酯萃取,得有机相蒸干,石油醚析晶,得3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶21.3g,收率89%,HPLC纯度97.6%。
3、3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸的合成
将3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶20g(0.12mol)、10%KOH(21v)加入到反应瓶中,升温至110℃,反应5小时,再常温搅拌8小时,控制温度10℃,用20%盐酸调pH至3-4,固体析出,抽滤,水洗,烘干得3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸15.54g,收率91.2%,HPLC纯度99.3%。
4、3-氨基异烟酸甲酯的合成
将3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸15.4g(0.11mol)、甲醇400ml加入反应瓶控制温度25℃滴加硫酸,加毕,升温回流8小时,减压浓缩甲醇,冷却至室温,加入25%氨水调pH至7-8加水,冷却至0-5℃,过滤烘干得3-氨基异烟酸甲酯14.79g,收率91%,HPLC纯度99.7%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.24(s,1H),7.74(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),6.68(s,2H),3.83(s,3H).
通过上述实施例1-3可得出如下结论:
1、在合成4-三氟甲基烟碱时,应当加入过量的氯化亚砜,能够使3-氨基异烟酸甲酯充分反应,从而提高4-三氟甲基烟碱的产率。
2、在合成3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶时,应当加入过量的10%NaOH水溶液,能够使4-三氟甲基烟碱充分反应,从而提高3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶的产率。
3、在合成3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸时,应当加入过量10%KOH水溶液,能够使3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶充分反应,从而提高3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸的产率。
本发明提供了一种3-氨基异烟酸甲酯的高收率低成本合成方法,以4-三氟甲基烟酸为原料,经过酰化缩合串联、Hofmann降解、水解、酯化反应得到所述3-氨基异烟酸甲酯,反应条件温和,原料易得,溶剂可反复套用,总收率在85%以上,较专利WO2006090167收率(68%),有大幅度提高,同时第一步使用的含有氯化亚砜的二氯甲烷溶液可反复套用,提高原料利用率,减少资源浪费,减少污染,最大限度降低整体工艺的生产成本。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进,这些改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:
步骤1中,将3-氨基异烟酸甲酯、二氯甲烷、DMF加入反应瓶,控制温度在10-30℃,搅拌下滴加氯化亚砜,加完后升温至40-55℃,保温反应2小时,回收二氯甲烷和氯化亚砜,再加入二氯甲烷,搅拌均匀,将反应液滴加入-10至-5℃的氨水中,搅拌,抽滤,水洗,烘干,得4-三氟甲基烟碱。
3.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:
步骤1中,4-三氟甲基烟酸与氯化亚砜的摩尔比为1:1-2、与二氯甲烷的质量比为1:3-5、与氨水的质量比为1:3-5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:
步骤2中,将NaOH水溶液加入反应瓶中,温度控制在0℃以下,滴加溴素,加毕,加入4-三氟甲基烟碱,控制温度在-10至0℃,加毕,升温至70-90℃搅拌2小时,随后降温至20-30℃,用盐酸溶液调pH至5-10,加入二氯甲烷萃取,得有机相,蒸干,再加入异丙醇,滴加盐酸溶液调pH至1-2搅拌30min,减压浓缩,蒸干,加入THF搅拌,抽滤,滤饼加入水中,用碳酸钾调pH至9-10,用乙酸乙酯萃取,得有机相蒸干,石油醚析晶,得3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶。
5.根据权利要求4所述的合成方法,其特征在于:
步骤2中,4-三氟甲基烟碱与溴素和NaOH的摩尔比为1:1-1.5:10-15。
6.根据权利要求4所述的合成方法,其特征在于:
步骤2中,NaOH水溶液的质量浓度为10%,碳酸钾溶液为饱和状态。
7.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:
步骤3:将3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶、10%KOH溶液加入反应瓶中,升温至80-110℃反应5小时,再常温搅拌8小时,控制温度10-20℃,用盐酸溶液调pH至3-4,固体析出,抽滤,水洗,烘干得3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸。
8.根据权利要求7所述的合成方法,其特征在于:
步骤3中,3-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)吡啶与KOH溶液的质量比为1:10-30。
9.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:
步骤4:将3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸、甲醇加入反应瓶中,控制温度-10至25℃下滴加硫酸,加毕,升温回流8小时,减压浓缩甲醇,冷却至室温,加入氨水调pH至7-8,加水,冷却至0-10℃,过滤烘干得3-氨基异烟酸甲酯。
10.根据权利要求9所述的合成方法,其特征在于:
步骤4中,3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸和甲醇的摩尔比为1:10-25,3-氨基-4-吡啶羧酸和硫酸的质量比为5:1。
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