Preparation method of special enhanced fluorine-containing composite membrane or membrane electrode
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a special enhanced fluorine-containing composite membrane or a membrane electrode.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), which are high-efficiency power generation devices capable of directly converting fuel and chemical energy into electric energy, have attracted much attention from various industries because they have advantages of high energy conversion rate, environmental friendliness, low-temperature start, low noise, and the like, compared to conventional cells. The core component is a proton exchange membrane which is positioned at the most central position of the fuel cell and provides a channel for transferring protons generated by a cathode to an anode. The currently most commercially used proton exchange membranes are still the earliest commercialized Nafion series membranes (>25 μm thick) of the U.S. DuPont corporation, which are mainly obtained by melt extrusion, calendering and stretching. The Gore-Select series of recent Gore-Select membranes from Gore usa have been made by ultra-thin (<25 μm thick) single layer microporous PTFE reinforced membranes, mainly by cast coating single layer microporous PTFE reinforced membranes (see us patent No. 5547551, 5599614), and a few domestic companies have been imitating.
The molecular structure of the fluorine-containing sulfonic acid resin is composed of a fluorocarbon main chain and a branched chain with a sulfonic group at the tail end, the polarizability of the main chain of a fluorocarbon bond is small, hydrophilic sulfonic acid or carboxylic acid groups on the branched chain can adsorb water molecules, and a micro-phase separation structure is formed inside a membrane due to the strong polarity difference between the hydrophobic main chain and the hydrophilic branched chain, and plays an important role in the mechanical property and the transmission property of the membrane. Therefore, the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin membrane has basic performances of excellent proton conductivity, low gas permeability, good mechanical property and dimensional stability, small contact resistance with a catalytic layer and the like, and meets the application conditions of being used as a proton exchange membrane. The method for preparing the proton exchange membrane by adopting the sulfonic acid resin solution is more, for example: tape casting, dipping, spraying, and the like. At present, the preparation process of proton exchange membranes and various reinforced composite proton exchange membranes is complex, and continuous production is difficult to realize.
Patent ZL201010104002.7 discloses a method for preparing proton exchange membrane, which comprises blending sulfonated polyether ether ketone and sulfonated polyether sulfone to form a membrane solution, pouring the membrane solution into a mold to evaporate the solvent to form a membrane, and then carrying out vacuum drying and acid treatment to obtain the proton exchange membrane.
Patent ZL200710011141.3 discloses a novel proton exchange membrane forming process, which uses a single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane as a base membrane, and the single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane is firstly immersed into a low-concentration resin solution and then repeatedly immersed into a high-concentration resin solution for many times until reaching a proper membrane thickness.
Patent ZL201710251603.2 discloses a fluorine-containing chlorine-containing conductive polymer double-sided filled composite film, and the used film manufacturing method adopts release paper, so that the flock pollution caused by the release paper is easy to generate during the production of high-quality films.
The release film refers to a film having a surface with separability, and the release film is not sticky or slightly sticky after being contacted with a specific material under limited conditions. In general, in order to increase the release force of the plastic film, the plastic film is subjected to corona or plasma treatment, followed by or coated with a release agent for surface modification, most commonly, a silicon-containing release agent or a fluorine-containing release agent is coated on the surface layer of the plastic film, so that the plastic film can show extremely light and stable release force for various organic glues. At present, silicone release paper (film) is commonly used in the market, silicone is used as a release agent, and the biggest defect is that the silicone remains on the surface of a product during stripping.
The polycarbonate insulating release film is also a common release film, and comprises 2, 2' -bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane polycarbonate, commonly known as polycarbonate, which is a high molecular polymer containing a carbonate group formed by condensation polymerization of bisphenol A in a molecular chain. The thermoplastic engineering plastic is an amorphous, odorless, nontoxic and highly transparent colorless or yellowish thermoplastic engineering plastic, has excellent physical and mechanical properties, particularly excellent impact resistance, and high tensile strength, bending strength and compressive strength; small creep property and stable size. And thus is widely used in various fields. However, the polycarbonate insulating release film can work only by adding other additives or coating a release agent.
CN105440641A discloses an insulating release film of polycarbonate, which requires the addition of other additives, and these additives are easily released during the casting process to cause the film surface contamination.
CN1840324A discloses a method for manufacturing a release film, which is complicated in process and easy to release during casting process to cause film surface contamination due to the release agent.
For example, the fluoropolymer microfibers are not continuous phase and can not be connected to form a film as disclosed in patents CN200710013624.7, US7259208, CN101350415B, CN101780376B, CN104018181A, CN101320818B, CN201546122U, CN103187549A, and CN 1298890C.
With the development of low carbon and green economy, the requirements or the application of a fluorine-containing proton exchange membrane or ion exchange membrane and a release film matched with the fluorine-containing proton exchange membrane or ion exchange membrane are higher and higher, the release film is required to have the effects of isolation and filling in actual use and also has the protection effect, and the release agent does not pollute the casting coating and has the effects of heat dissipation and the like; the requirements on the cleanliness, mechanical strength and service life of fluorine-containing proton exchange membranes or ion exchange membranes become more and more important.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a preparation method of a special enhanced fluorine-containing composite film or a film electrode, aiming at optimizing the preparation process, so that the production is convenient and fast and the production cost is further reduced.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the following technical means are adopted in the application:
a method for preparing a special enhanced fluorine-containing composite membrane or a membrane electrode,
firstly, casting and coating hydrophilic wetting on one side of a special release film without a release agent by using a fluorine-containing proton exchange resin solution or a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin solution;
secondly, coating a micropore reinforced film on the coated resin solution to ensure that the resin solution coated on the release film and the coated micropore reinforced film are fully hydrophilic to obtain a composite film;
thirdly, drying the composite membrane obtained in the second step;
fourthly, resin solution casting coating is carried out on the upper surface of the microporous reinforced membrane of the composite membrane, so that the resin solution casting coating and the coated microporous reinforced membrane are fully hydrophilic, and the composite membrane is obtained;
and fifthly, drying the composite membrane obtained in the fourth step.
Preferably, the resin solution is coated on the microporous reinforced membrane of the composite membrane obtained in the second step, the upper and lower double surfaces of the microporous reinforced membrane and the resin solution are fully and hydrophilically filled together to form a composite membrane, and all the materials are dried at one time.
Preferably, the second step + the third step + the fourth step are repeated at least once on the composite film obtained in the fourth step.
Preferably, the microporous reinforcing membrane has a void volume filled by at least 60% to 90% of the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin solution or fluorine-containing ion exchange resin solution.
Preferably, the microporous reinforcing membrane has a void volume filled with at least 80% of the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin solution or fluorine-containing ion exchange resin solution.
Preferably, the dry weight ratio of the microporous reinforced membrane to the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin or ion exchange resin is 5:95 to 40: 60.
Preferably, the dry weight ratio of the microporous reinforced membrane to the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin or ion exchange resin is 10:90 to 30: 70.
Preferably, the special release film is made of engineering plastics containing bisphenol A as a main component or engineering plastics containing hexafluorodimethyl bisphenol A as a main component; wherein the engineering plastic containing bisphenol A as the main component is a polymer obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing bisphenol A, and the weight ratio of the polymer is more than 50 percent; the engineering plastic containing the hexafluorodimethyl bisphenol A as the main component is a polymer obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of the hexafluorodimethyl bisphenol A, and the weight ratio of the engineering plastic is more than 50%.
Preferably, the polymer obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of bisphenol A is one of polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone resin, polyepoxy resin or mixed copolymer thereof; the polymer obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of the hexafluoro dimethyl bisphenol A is one of polycarbonate, polyphenyl ether, polysulfone resin, polyepoxy resin or mixed copolymer thereof.
Preferably, one or more of metal nano powder, metal oxide nano powder, carbon powder, graphite powder, graphene and rare metal powder are mixed in the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin solution or the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin solution, and the total weight of the metal nano powder, the metal oxide nano powder, the carbon powder, the graphite powder, the graphene and the rare metal powder is not more than 80% of the dry weight of the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin or the ion exchange resin.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the preparation method of the special enhanced fluorine-containing composite membrane or the membrane electrode is simple in process, can reduce the production cost, and particularly avoids the problem that the release membrane contains a trace amount of free release agent, so that the qualification rate of the final product is greatly increased.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments.
The application discloses a preparation method of a special enhanced fluorine-containing composite membrane or membrane electrode, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, casting and coating hydrophilic coating on one side of a special release film without a release agent by using a fluorine-containing proton exchange resin solution or a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin solution.
Secondly, coating a micropore reinforced film on the coated resin solution to ensure that the resin solution coated on the release film and the coated micropore reinforced film are fully hydrophilic to obtain a composite film;
thirdly, drying the composite membrane obtained in the second step;
and fourthly, performing resin solution casting coating on the upper surface of the microporous reinforced membrane of the composite membrane, and drying for the second time to obtain a finished product.
Wherein the components of the special release film are engineering plastics containing bisphenol A as a main component or engineering plastics containing hexafluorodimethyl bisphenol A as a main component; wherein the engineering plastic containing bisphenol A as the main component is a polymer obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing bisphenol A, and the weight ratio of the polymer is more than 50 percent; the engineering plastic containing the hexafluorodimethyl bisphenol A as the main component is a polymer obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of the hexafluorodimethyl bisphenol A, and the weight ratio of the engineering plastic is more than 50%. The polymer obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of bisphenol A is one of polycarbonate, polyphenyl ether, polysulfone resin, polyepoxy resin or mixed copolymer thereof; the polymer obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of the hexafluoro dimethyl bisphenol A is one of polycarbonate, polyphenyl ether, polysulfone resin, polyepoxy resin or mixed copolymer thereof.
The dry weight of the microporous reinforced film is about 0.5-30 g/m, preferably 1-10 g/m, the open porosity is about 40-95%, preferably 50-90%, the thickness is 0.5-30 microns, preferably 1-15 microns, and the tensile strength (TD, MD) is more than 40MPa, preferably more than 50MPa, and most preferably more than 80MPa in both directions. The manufacturing process and materials of the microporous reinforced membrane (continuous phase) can be selected from the following two main categories:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of spinning by adopting a hot-melt spinning method, a wet phase change method, a temperature difference phase change method, a dry solvent method, an electrostatic spinning method or an ultrahigh-speed centrifugal spinning method and the like, uniformly collecting nano or micron-sized fibers to form a random reticular microporous structure, and forming a microporous film after heat setting, wherein the preferred resin is thermoplastic fluorine-containing or chlorine-containing resin, a carbon fiber precursor or resin capable of being derived to generate carbon fibers, such as polyacrylonitrile or a copolymer thereof, polyimide, polyamide, polyester, aramid fiber, polyether ketone and the like.
(2) The expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane obtained by paste extrusion and biaxial tension, or a microporous polyolefin membrane (polyethylene, polypropylene and the like) and a modified polyolefin membrane.
The preparation method of the special enhanced fluorine-containing composite membrane or the membrane electrode is simple in process, can reduce production cost, and particularly avoids the problem that the release membrane contains a trace amount of free release agent, so that the qualification rate of final products is greatly increased. After drying, the pore volume of the double surfaces of the microporous reinforced membrane is more than 60 percent filled by the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin, preferably more than 80 percent filled, and most preferably more than 90 percent filled; the dry weight ratio of the microporous reinforced membrane to the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin or ion exchange resin is (5:95) - (40:60), preferably (10:90) - (30:70), the total weight of the reinforced fluorine-containing composite membrane is 3-60 g/sq m, the thickness of the reinforced fluorine-containing composite membrane is 2-30 μm, the tensile strength (TD, MD) of the reinforced composite membrane is more than 40MPa in both directions, preferably more than 50MPa, and most preferably more than 80MPa, the room-temperature Ionic Conductivity (Ionic Conductivity) of the reinforced composite membrane is more than 0.007(S/cm), preferably more than 0.013(S/cm), and more preferably more than 0.018(S/cm), the air permeability of the reinforced composite membrane is extremely low, and the time required for 100 ml of air to permeate the composite membrane is more than 5 minutes, preferably more than 15 minutes, measured by a Gurley air permeameter.
In addition, the resin solution is coated on the microporous reinforced membrane of the composite membrane obtained in the second step, the upper surface and the lower surface of the microporous reinforced membrane are fully and hydrophilic filled with the resin solution to form a composite membrane, and all materials are dried at one time.
Or repeating the second step after the third step, and covering N layers of microporous reinforced membranes, wherein the microporous reinforced membranes can be selected from 2-50 layers, preferably 2-30 layers of the highly reinforced fluorine-containing composite membrane of the microporous reinforced membranes, and the total dry weight ratio of the microporous reinforced membrane to the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin or ion exchange resin is (5:95) - (40: 60); the high-enhancement type fluorine-containing composite membrane comprises 2-50 layers of micropore enhancement membranes, preferably 2-30 layers of micropore enhancement membranes, wherein the two sides of each layer of micropore enhancement membrane are filled with fluorine-containing proton exchange resin or ion exchange resin, the total weight of the high-enhancement type fluorine-containing composite membrane is 3-500 g/sq m, preferably 5-300 g/sq m, most preferably 10-250 g/sq m, the thickness of the high-enhancement type fluorine-containing composite membrane is 2-250 μm, preferably 3-150 μm, most preferably 5-130 μm, the tensile strength (TD, MD) of the high-enhancement type fluorine-containing composite membrane is more than 40MPa in both directions, preferably more than 50MPa, most preferably more than 80MPa, the normal temperature Ionic Conductivity (Ionic Conductivity) of the high-enhancement type fluorine-containing composite membrane is more than 0.007(S/cm), preferably more than 0.013(S/cm), more preferably more than 0.018(S/cm), and the air permeability of the high-enhancement type fluorine-containing composite membrane is extremely low, the time required for 100 ml of air to permeate the composite film was measured with a Gurley permeameter for >5 minutes, preferably >15 minutes.
The dry weight ratio of the microporous reinforced membrane to the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin or ion exchange resin is 10: 90-30: 70.
The acid equivalent number (g/equivalent wt.) of the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin or ion exchange resin is 400-1500, preferably 600-1200, and the optional fluorine-containing proton exchange resin or ion exchange resin: including but not limited to fluorosulfonic acid resins and fluorocarboxylic acid resins. One or more of metal nano powder, metal oxide nano powder, carbon powder, graphite powder, graphene and rare metal powder are mixed in the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin solution or the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin solution, and the total weight of the metal nano powder, the metal oxide nano powder, the carbon powder, the graphite powder, the graphene and the rare metal powder is not more than 80% of the dry weight of the fluorine-containing proton exchange resin or the ion exchange resin. The metal nanopowder includes, but is not limited to, silver, platinum or palladium, or a platinum/carbon composite, and the metal oxide powder includes, but is not limited to, zirconium dioxide, or cerium dioxide.
The material has the advantages that the release film does not contain any coating release agent, so the risk of polluting a product film electrode by the release agent can be avoided, the multi-layer microporous reinforced film is coated by multiple times of tape casting, the bubble loss possibly formed by a single coating film can be covered and greatly reduced, the yield can be greatly improved, the unexpected discovery that the multi-layer microporous film composite film can also increase the tensile strength of the composite film, the size stability of the composite film is improved, the material is very important for the service life, the high-speed continuous production can be realized, the requirement of commercial large-scale batch production is met, and the cleanliness and the stability of the prepared product film are high.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications of the invention that may occur to those skilled in the art are intended to be covered by the appended claims.