CN113372174A - Preparation method of organic fertilizer by taking agricultural and forestry wastes and leachate as raw materials - Google Patents
Preparation method of organic fertilizer by taking agricultural and forestry wastes and leachate as raw materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN113372174A CN113372174A CN202110639410.0A CN202110639410A CN113372174A CN 113372174 A CN113372174 A CN 113372174A CN 202110639410 A CN202110639410 A CN 202110639410A CN 113372174 A CN113372174 A CN 113372174A
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- agricultural
- leachate
- organic fertilizer
- forestry
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
A preparation method of an organic fertilizer by taking agricultural and forestry wastes and leachate as raw materials belongs to the field of environmental protection. The invention aims to solve the problem that humus in the leachate cannot be utilized by the existing method for treating the leachate. The method comprises the following steps: the raw materials of the invention adopt the leachate of the agricultural and forestry wastes and the domestic garbage landfill, the agricultural and forestry wastes are coarsely crushed by a crusher, then an organic fertilizer starter is added, and the leachate is sprayed, so that the water content of the materials is adjusted to 65-75%. Then the composting is carried out, during which the stack is turned over and the leachate is replenished. The organic fertilizer prepared by the invention meets the III-class standard of humic acid organic fertilizers, and the total humic acid content and the water-soluble humic acid content are far higher than those of common organic fertilizers. The invention is applied to the field of organic fertilizer production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an organic fertilizer by using agricultural and forestry wastes and leachate as raw materials.
Background
The leachate is wastewater containing high-concentration organic matters generated by factors such as weather, rainwater, microbial degradation and the like in the landfill process of municipal domestic waste landfill plants. Humus is the main component of leachate, and about 80% of TOC in leachate is humus. The humus is difficult to degrade, which is also the reason why leachate is difficult to handle. The leachate is conventionally treated by concentrating it using membrane separation techniques and then re-filling it into a landfill. However, this method is palliative and not radical, which is also the main reason why leachate treatment is more difficult the longer the year.
The evaporation technology is the most common technology for treating leachate at present, and is equivalent to the technology that the concentrated leachate is subjected to evaporation technology to remove water, and finally the dried sludge is subjected to heat energy supplement or is transported to other landfill sites in an incineration mode. However, these techniques do not, per se, make full use of the humus in the leachate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that humus in a leachate cannot be utilized by the existing method for treating the leachate, and provides a preparation method of an organic fertilizer by taking agricultural and forestry wastes and the leachate as raw materials.
A preparation method of an organic fertilizer by taking agricultural and forestry waste and leachate as raw materials is realized according to the following steps:
firstly, respectively coarsely crushing agricultural and forestry waste A and agricultural and forestry waste B, and then mixing to obtain compost materials;
secondly, adding an organic fertilizer starter into the compost materials, spraying leachate to adjust the water content of the compost materials to 65-75%, putting the compost materials into a fermentation bin for decomposition, turning over the compost every day after 5-10 days, spraying leachate to keep the water content of the compost materials to be 65-75% during the stack turning, stopping the stack turning after 20-23 days, and turning over the compost after 25-30 days until the stacking temperature is reduced to 40 ℃ and the water content is lower than 20%, thus completing the process; wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer starter is 0.5-5 kg/t; the agricultural and forestry waste A is a mixture formed by one or more of straws, hay, dried branches, peanut shells and rice husks according to any ratio, and the agricultural and forestry waste B is pennisetum hydridum, ryegrass or a mixture formed by mixing pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass according to any ratio.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the problem that environmental-friendly upward-seeping leachate is difficult to treat is solved; (2) the content of humus in the organic fertilizer is improved, and the fertilizer efficiency is further improved; (3) realizes the change of waste of leachate into valuable, and simultaneously increases the quality of the organic fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by using agricultural and forestry wastes and leachate as raw materials, which is realized by the following steps:
firstly, respectively coarsely crushing agricultural and forestry waste A and agricultural and forestry waste B, and then mixing to obtain compost materials;
secondly, adding an organic fertilizer starter into the compost materials, spraying leachate to adjust the water content of the compost materials to 65-75%, putting the compost materials into a fermentation bin for decomposition, turning over the compost every day after 5-10 days, spraying leachate to keep the water content of the compost materials to be 65-75% during the stack turning, stopping the stack turning after 20-23 days, and turning over the compost after 25-30 days until the stacking temperature is reduced to 40 ℃ and the water content is lower than 20%, thus completing the process; wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer starter is 0.5-5 kg/t; the agricultural and forestry waste A is a mixture formed by one or more of straws, hay, dried branches, peanut shells and rice husks according to any ratio, and the agricultural and forestry waste B is pennisetum hydridum, ryegrass or a mixture formed by mixing pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass according to any ratio.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that in the first step, the agricultural and forestry waste a and the agricultural and forestry waste B are pulverized to 30 mesh. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the present embodiment and the first or second embodiment is that the mass ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste A to the agricultural and forestry waste B is (1-10): 1. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the third embodiment is that the agricultural and forestry waste A is a mixture of straw, hay and rice husk which are mixed according to any proportion. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the present embodiment and one of the first to the fourth embodiments is that the agricultural and forestry waste B is a mixture of pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass in any proportion. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between the present embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is that the mass ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste a to the agricultural and forestry waste B is 3: 1. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is that the leachate in the second step contains 12100mg/L, BOD 8760mg/L of COD, 288mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, 572mg/L of total nitrogen, 48mg/L of total phosphorus, 24000 pieces/L of fecal colibacillus and 4755mg/L, TOC 5812mg/L of humus. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between the first embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that the stack turning is performed twice a day after 8 days of decomposition. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the difference between the embodiment and the first to eighth embodiments is that the stack turning is restarted after the decomposition for 25 days, and the stack turning is performed once a day. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one to eight of the embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to ninth embodiments is that the addition amount of the organic fertilizer starter is 1.2 kg/t. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are demonstrated by the following examples:
example 1:
a preparation method of an organic fertilizer by taking agricultural and forestry waste and leachate as raw materials is realized according to the following steps:
firstly, respectively coarsely crushing the agricultural and forestry waste A and the agricultural and forestry waste B, crushing the agricultural and forestry waste A and the agricultural and forestry waste B into 30 meshes, and then mixing the agricultural and forestry waste A and the agricultural and forestry waste B according to the mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain compost materials;
secondly, adding an organic fertilizer starter into the compost materials, spraying leachate to adjust the water content of the compost materials to 75%, putting the compost materials into a fermentation bin to be thoroughly decomposed at normal temperature, turning the compost twice every day when the stack is turned on at 8 th day, spraying leachate to keep the water content of the compost materials at 75% when the stack is turned on every time, stopping turning the compost when the stack is thoroughly decomposed for 20 days, turning the stack when the stack is thoroughly decomposed for 25 days, and finishing once every day until the stacking temperature is reduced to 40 ℃ and the water content is lower than 20%; wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer starter is 1.2 kg/t.
In this example, the organic fertilizer starter is bejia organic fertilizer starter, and the ingredients of the leachate are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 leachate composition
TABLE 2 Material consumption and output Table
| Consumption of | Dosage of | Price |
| Organic fertilizer starter (kg) | 1.2 | -42 |
| Raw materials (t) | 1 | -87 |
| Leachate consumption (t) | 1.8 | +150 |
| Output of | ||
| Organic fertilizer (t) | 0.5 | +216 |
| Labor cost | Reduced price per ton of raw material | -20 |
| Equipment conversion | Reduced price per ton of raw material | -40 |
| Water and electricity conversion | Reduced price per ton of raw material | -4 |
| Profit | Conversion per ton of raw material | 173 |
The material consumption and output of this embodiment are shown in table 2, and it can be seen from table 2 that the present embodiment significantly improves the profit, the core of the profit is to use leachate as one of the raw materials, and the leachate can be treated by legal charge, so that 173 yuan of profit can be obtained per ton of raw material. The profit of 346 yuan can be obtained by each ton of organic fertilizer converted into organic fertilizer, while the profit of commercial organic fertilizer on the market is generally 100 yuan/ton and 200 yuan/ton, and the profit rate is improved by 173-346%.
The nutrient contents of the organic fertilizer prepared in this example and the commercially available humic acid organic fertilizer were measured, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| Detecting items | Index (I) | Common organic fertilizer |
| Organic matter mass content (%) | 76.1 | 45-80 |
| Total humic acid content (%) | 34.2 | 10-30 |
| Content of Water-soluble humic acid (%) | 5.7 | 2-4 |
| Total nutrient (P + P)2O5+K2O, calculated on a dry basis) | 5.1 | 5.5-8.5 |
| Moisture mass fraction (%) | 19.4 | 8-20 |
| PH value (pH value) | 5.7 | 5.5-8 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the organic fertilizer prepared by the embodiment meets the III-class standard of humic acid organic fertilizers, and the total humic acid content and the water-soluble humic acid content are far higher than those of common organic fertilizers.
The embodiment solves the problem that the environment-friendly upward-osmosis leachate is difficult to treat, improves the content of humus in the organic fertilizer, and further increases the fertilizer efficiency; realizes the change of waste of leachate into valuable, and simultaneously increases the quality of the organic fertilizer.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an organic fertilizer by taking agricultural and forestry wastes and leachate as raw materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, respectively coarsely crushing agricultural and forestry waste A and agricultural and forestry waste B, and then mixing to obtain compost materials;
secondly, adding an organic fertilizer starter into the compost materials, spraying leachate to adjust the water content of the compost materials to 65-75%, putting the compost materials into a fermentation bin for decomposition, turning over the compost every day after 5-10 days, spraying leachate to keep the water content of the compost materials to be 65-75% during the stack turning, stopping the stack turning after 20-23 days, and turning over the compost after 25-30 days until the stacking temperature is reduced to 40 ℃ and the water content is lower than 20%, thus completing the process; wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer starter is 0.5-5 kg/t; the agricultural and forestry waste A is a mixture formed by one or more of straws, hay, dried branches, peanut shells and rice husks according to any ratio, and the agricultural and forestry waste B is pennisetum hydridum, ryegrass or a mixture formed by mixing pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass according to any ratio.
2. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the agricultural and forestry wastes and the leachate as the raw materials according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the agricultural and forestry wastes A and B are respectively crushed into 30 meshes.
3. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the agricultural and forestry wastes and the leachate as the raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the agricultural and forestry wastes A to the agricultural and forestry wastes B is (1-10): 1.
4. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the agricultural and forestry waste and the leachate as raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural and forestry waste A is a mixture of straw, hay and rice husk which are mixed according to any proportion.
5. The method for preparing organic fertilizer from agricultural and forestry waste and leachate as claimed in claim 1, wherein pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass are mixed in any proportion.
6. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the agricultural and forestry wastes and the leachate as the raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the agricultural and forestry wastes A to the agricultural and forestry wastes B is 3: 1.
7. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the agricultural and forestry wastes and the leachate as the raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the leachate in the second step contains COD 12100mg/L, BOD 8760mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 288mg/L, total nitrogen 572mg/L, total phosphorus 48mg/L, fecal colibacillus 24000 mg/L and humus content 4755mg/L, TOC 5812 mg/L.
8. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the agricultural and forestry waste and the leachate as raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the stack is turned twice a day after 8 days of decomposition.
9. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the agricultural and forestry wastes and the leachate as the raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the stack turning is restarted after 25 days of decomposition, and the stack turning is carried out once a day.
10. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the agricultural and forestry waste and the leachate as raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer starter is 1.2 kg/t.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110639410.0A CN113372174A (en) | 2021-06-08 | 2021-06-08 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer by taking agricultural and forestry wastes and leachate as raw materials |
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| CN202110639410.0A CN113372174A (en) | 2021-06-08 | 2021-06-08 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer by taking agricultural and forestry wastes and leachate as raw materials |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101094735A (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2007-12-26 | 科特布斯布兰登堡工业大学 | Method for decomposing biogenic material |
| CN111233196A (en) * | 2020-02-03 | 2020-06-05 | 安徽冠臻环保科技有限公司 | Garbage percolation concentrated solution adsorption fermentation dehydration solidification process |
-
2021
- 2021-06-08 CN CN202110639410.0A patent/CN113372174A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101094735A (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2007-12-26 | 科特布斯布兰登堡工业大学 | Method for decomposing biogenic material |
| CN111233196A (en) * | 2020-02-03 | 2020-06-05 | 安徽冠臻环保科技有限公司 | Garbage percolation concentrated solution adsorption fermentation dehydration solidification process |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 耿晓丽，等: "焚烧发电厂垃圾渗滤液与秸秆的中温厌氧消化", 《环境工程学报》 * |
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Application publication date: 20210910 |
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