CN113369810A - Preparation method of aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN113369810A CN113369810A CN202110602750.6A CN202110602750A CN113369810A CN 113369810 A CN113369810 A CN 113369810A CN 202110602750 A CN202110602750 A CN 202110602750A CN 113369810 A CN113369810 A CN 113369810A
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- friction stir
- stir welding
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- aluminum
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910016384 Al4C3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding, which adopts an aluminum-based composite material plate containing carbon nano tubes as a raw material and comprises the following steps: (1): bending an aluminum-based composite material plate containing carbon nanotubes into a tube; (2): friction stir welding is carried out in the tube, and the carbon nano tube generates nano Al under the action of the friction stir welding during welding4C3Phase (1); (3): welding the inside of the tube, and simultaneously performing dislocation friction stir welding outside the tube, wherein the carbon nano tube generates nano Al under the action of the friction stir welding during welding4C3Phase to obtain nano Al4C3Reinforced aluminum matrix composite tubes. In the preparation process, the carbon nano tube is damaged due to the action of friction stir welding, and nano rod-shaped Al is generated with an aluminum matrix4C3Phase, avoiding large-size Al4C3The generation of the phase(s) is (are) carried out,so that the aluminum-based composite material pipe replaces an aluminum alloy pipe, and the comprehensive performance of the pipe is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding.
Background
The aluminum alloy pipe is mainly used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, energy and electric power, and most of the existing aluminum alloy pipes are formed by arc welding. Compared with aluminum alloy, the aluminum-based composite material has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, wear resistance, heat resistance and the like.
However, common nanoscale-reinforced aluminum-based composites have poor weldability, especially to Al4C3The carbon nano tube can float upwards in a molten matrix and agglomerate under the action of van der waals force to generate cracks, and reacts with the matrix to generate a large amount of brittle and hard large-size Al4C3This brittleness has a large negative impact on the properties of the composite material. Large size Al4C3The existence of the phase also obstructs the application of the aluminum matrix composite material, and the aluminum matrix composite material pipe cannot be prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding adopts an aluminum-based composite material plate containing carbon nano tubes as a raw material, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1): bending an aluminum-based composite material plate containing carbon nanotubes into a tube;
step (2): friction stir welding is carried out in the tube, and the carbon nano tube generates nano Al under the action of the friction stir welding during welding4C3Phase (1);
and (3): and (3) performing friction stir welding outside the tube while performing friction stir welding inside the tube in the step (2), wherein a stirring head for performing friction stir welding outside the tube is 20-100mm later than that for performing friction stir welding inside the tube, and the carbon nano tube generates nano Al under the action of the friction stir welding during welding4C3Phase to obtain nano Al4C3Reinforced aluminum matrix compositesAnd (5) combining the material pipes.
Preferably, the length of the carbon nano tube is less than 40 μm, and the diameter of the carbon nano tube is less than 40 nm.
Preferably, the welding seam is tracked and welding information is collected in the steps (2) and (3) during friction stir welding, and technological parameters of friction stir welding are adjusted in real time according to the tracking information.
Preferably, the tracking of the weld seam during friction stir welding specifically comprises: and tracking and monitoring the welding seam in real time by adopting a laser tracking system, processing monitoring data to obtain welding seam information, and then adjusting the reduction, feeding speed and rotating speed of the friction stir welding according to the welding seam information.
Preferably, the collecting of the welding information during the friction stir welding specifically comprises: an image acquisition system is arranged on a stirring head of the friction stir welding, the image acquisition system is adopted to acquire welding seam images, and the reduction, the feeding speed and the rotating speed of the friction stir welding are adjusted according to the information acquired by the images.
Preferably, in the steps (2) and (3), the stress detection equipment is adopted to detect the welding seam and the stress around the welding seam in real time during the friction stir welding, and the distance between the stirring heads of the friction stir welding inside and outside the pipe and the welding parameters of the friction stir welding are adjusted through the collected stress values. The invention also provides a welding system of the aluminum-based composite material pipe, which comprises an in-pipe friction stir welding mechanism, an out-pipe friction stir welding mechanism, a laser tracking subsystem, an image acquisition subsystem, a stress real-time detection subsystem and a control system;
the laser tracking subsystem, the image acquisition subsystem and the stress real-time detection subsystem monitor the weld joint and the stress in the component in real time and transmit detection information to the control system, and the control system adjusts the position relation and welding parameters of the in-pipe friction stir welding mechanism and the out-pipe friction stir welding mechanism in real time.
The invention also provides an aluminum-based composite material pipe which is prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding.
Preferably, the diameter of the aluminum-based composite material pipe is 500mm-1000 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) the invention adopts the aluminum-based composite material plate containing the carbon nano tube as the raw material, the aluminum-based composite material tube is prepared by friction stir welding, and in the preparation process, the carbon nano tube is damaged due to the action of the friction stir welding, and the nano rod-shaped Al is generated with the aluminum matrix4C3Phase, avoiding large-size Al4C3The phase is generated, so that the aluminum-based composite material pipe replaces an aluminum alloy pipe, and the comprehensive performance of the pipe is improved.
(2) According to the preparation method, during preparation, the in-pipe friction stir welding mechanism is adopted, and the out-pipe friction stir welding mechanism simultaneously carries out staggered welding on the pipe, so that the quality of a welding seam is further improved, and the processing period is shortened.
(3) According to the preparation method, the stress monitoring system is adopted to monitor the welding condition in real time during preparation, so that the simultaneous staggered welding of the in-pipe friction stir welding mechanism and the out-pipe friction stir welding mechanism becomes possible.
(4) According to the preparation system and the preparation method, the laser tracking system and the image acquisition system are adopted to monitor the welding seam in real time, the welding process parameters can be adjusted in real time, and the welding quality is further improved, so that the performance of the aluminum-based composite material pipe is improved.
Detailed Description
A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding adopts an aluminum-based composite material plate containing carbon nano tubes as a raw material, wherein the length of the carbon nano tubes is less than 40 mu m, and the diameter of the carbon nano tubes is less than 40nm, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1): bending an aluminum-based composite material plate containing carbon nanotubes into a tube;
step (2): friction stir welding is carried out in the tube, and the carbon nano tube generates nano Al under the action of the friction stir welding during welding4C3Phase (1);
and (3): while the friction stir welding is carried out in the tube in the step (2), the friction stir welding is carried out outside the tube, and the tube enters from the outsideThe stirring head for stirring friction welding is delayed from stirring friction welding in the tube by 20-100mm, and during welding, the carbon nano tube generates nano Al under the action of stirring friction welding4C3Phase to obtain nano Al4C3Reinforced aluminum matrix composite tubes.
And (3) tracking the welding seam and collecting welding information during friction stir welding, and adjusting the technological parameters of friction stir welding in real time according to the tracking information.
The tracking of the welding seam during the friction stir welding specifically comprises the following steps: and tracking and monitoring the welding seam in real time by adopting a laser tracking system, processing monitoring data to obtain welding seam information, and then adjusting the reduction, feeding speed and rotating speed of the friction stir welding according to the welding seam information.
The acquisition of welding information during friction stir welding specifically comprises the following steps: an image acquisition system is arranged on a stirring head of the friction stir welding, the image acquisition system is adopted to acquire welding seam images, and the reduction, the feeding speed and the rotating speed of the friction stir welding are adjusted according to the information acquired by the images.
And (2) adopting stress detection equipment to detect the welding seam and the stress around the welding seam in real time during the friction stir welding, and adjusting the distance between the stirring heads of the friction stir welding inside and outside the pipe and the welding parameters of the friction stir welding through the collected stress values.
A welding system of an aluminum-based composite material pipe comprises an in-pipe friction stir welding mechanism, an out-pipe friction stir welding mechanism, a laser tracking subsystem, an image acquisition subsystem, a stress real-time detection subsystem and a control system;
the laser tracking subsystem, the image acquisition subsystem and the stress real-time detection subsystem monitor the weld joint and the stress in the component in real time and transmit detection information to the control system, and the control system adjusts the position relation and welding parameters of the in-pipe friction stir welding mechanism and the out-pipe friction stir welding mechanism in real time.
An aluminum-based composite material pipe is prepared by the method; the diameter of the tube is 500mm-1000 mm.
Example 1
A preparation method of a large-diameter aluminum-based composite pipe comprises the following steps:
blanking in step (1): selecting an aluminum-based composite material plate with the thickness of 7mm and containing carbon nano tubes, and blanking by adopting a plate shearing machine to obtain a rectangular plate, wherein the length of the carbon nano tubes is 30 mu m, and the diameter of the carbon nano tubes is 30 nm;
and (2) rolling: rolling the rectangular plate obtained in the step (1) by using a plate rolling machine;
and (3) clamping: clamping the butt joint of the round pipe blank obtained in the step (2) by using a clamp to obtain a pipe blank to be welded;
and (4) welding in the pipe: welding the butt joint of the pipe blank to be welded obtained in the step (3) by adopting a friction stir welding method to obtain a welded pipe, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head of the friction stir welding is 800rpm, the feeding speed is 200mm/min, and the pressing amount is 0.1 mm;
welding outside the pipe: and (4) carrying out friction stir welding on the outside of the tube while carrying out friction stir welding on the inside of the tube in the step (4), wherein a stirring head for carrying out friction stir welding on the outside of the tube is delayed by 50mm from that for carrying out friction stir welding on the inside of the tube, and the carbon nano tube generates nano Al under the action of the friction stir welding during welding4C3Phase to obtain nano Al4C3A reinforced aluminum matrix composite tube;
step (6) real-time control: during friction stir welding, a laser tracking system is adopted to track and monitor a welding line in real time, monitoring data is processed to obtain welding line information, and then the reduction, the feeding speed and the rotating speed of the friction stir welding are adjusted according to the welding line information.
Rounding in the step (7): performing rounding treatment on the welded pipe obtained in the step (5);
step (8), thinning and spinning: and (3) thinning the wall thickness of the welded pipe obtained in the step (6) to 2.5mm by adopting a thinning spinning method, and annealing the cylindrical welded pipe with the wall thickness of 2.5mm at 300 ℃ to obtain the large-diameter aluminum-based composite pipe.
Example 2
A preparation method of a large-diameter aluminum-based composite pipe comprises the following steps:
blanking in step (1): selecting an aluminum-based composite material plate with the thickness of 5mm and containing carbon nano tubes, and blanking by adopting a plate shearing machine to obtain a rectangular plate, wherein the length of the carbon nano tubes is 20 mu m, and the diameter of the carbon nano tubes is 20 nm;
and (2) rolling: rolling the rectangular plate obtained in the step (1) by using a plate rolling machine;
and (3) clamping: clamping the butt joint of the round pipe blank obtained in the step (2) by using a clamp to obtain a pipe blank to be welded;
and (4) welding in the pipe: welding the butt joint of the pipe blank to be welded obtained in the step (3) by adopting a friction stir welding method to obtain a welded pipe, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head of the friction stir welding is 600rpm, the feeding speed is 150mm/min, and the pressing amount is 0.05 mm;
welding outside the pipe: and (4) carrying out friction stir welding on the outside of the tube while carrying out friction stir welding on the inside of the tube in the step (4), wherein a stirring head for carrying out friction stir welding on the outside of the tube is 60mm later than that for carrying out friction stir welding on the inside of the tube, and the carbon nano tube generates nano Al under the action of the friction stir welding during welding4C3Phase to obtain nano Al4C3A reinforced aluminum matrix composite tube;
step (6) real-time control: during friction stir welding, a laser tracking system is adopted to track and monitor a welding line in real time, monitoring data is processed to obtain welding line information, and then the reduction, the feeding speed and the rotating speed of the friction stir welding are adjusted according to the welding line information.
Rounding in the step (7): performing rounding treatment on the welded pipe obtained in the step (5);
step (8), thinning and spinning: and (3) thinning the wall thickness of the welded pipe obtained in the step (6) to 1.5mm by adopting a thinning spinning method, and annealing the cylindrical welded pipe with the wall thickness of 1.5mm at 330 ℃ to obtain the large-diameter aluminum-based composite pipe.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of an aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding is characterized in that an aluminum-based composite material plate containing carbon nanotubes is used as a raw material, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1): bending an aluminum-based composite material plate containing carbon nanotubes into a tube;
step (2): friction stir welding is carried out in the tube, and the carbon nano tube generates nano Al under the action of the friction stir welding during welding4C3Phase (1);
and (3): and (3) performing friction stir welding outside the tube while performing friction stir welding inside the tube in the step (2), wherein a stirring head for performing friction stir welding outside the tube is 20-100mm later than that for performing friction stir welding inside the tube, and the carbon nano tube generates nano Al under the action of the friction stir welding during welding4C3Phase to obtain nano Al4C3Reinforced aluminum matrix composite tubes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotubes have a length of less than 40 μm and a diameter of less than 40 nm.
3. The friction stir welding-based aluminum-based composite material pipe preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the welding seam tracking and welding information acquisition in the friction stir welding in the steps (2) and (3) are carried out, and the friction stir welding process parameters are adjusted in real time according to the tracking information.
4. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding according to claim 3, wherein the following of the welding seam during friction stir welding is specifically: and tracking and monitoring the welding seam in real time by adopting a laser tracking system, processing monitoring data to obtain welding seam information, and then adjusting the reduction, feeding speed and rotating speed of the friction stir welding according to the welding seam information.
5. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding according to claim 3, wherein the collecting of the welding information during friction stir welding specifically comprises: an image acquisition system is arranged on a stirring head of the friction stir welding, the image acquisition system is adopted to acquire welding seam images, and the reduction, the feeding speed and the rotating speed of the friction stir welding are adjusted according to the information acquired by the images.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding according to claim 1, wherein the stress detection equipment is adopted to detect the stress of the welding seam and the surrounding area thereof in real time during friction stir welding in the steps (2) and (3), and the distance between the stirring heads of the friction stir welding inside and outside the pipe and the welding parameters of the friction stir welding are adjusted through the collected stress values.
7. The welding system of the aluminum-based composite material pipe is characterized by comprising an in-pipe friction stir welding mechanism, an out-pipe friction stir welding mechanism, a laser tracking subsystem, an image acquisition subsystem, a stress real-time detection subsystem and a control system;
the laser tracking subsystem, the image acquisition subsystem and the stress real-time detection subsystem monitor the weld joint and the stress in the component in real time and transmit detection information to the control system, and the control system adjusts the position relation and welding parameters of the in-pipe friction stir welding mechanism and the out-pipe friction stir welding mechanism in real time.
8. An aluminum matrix composite tube, characterized by being prepared by the method for preparing an aluminum matrix composite tube based on friction stir welding according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. The aluminum matrix composite tube according to claim 8, wherein the diameter of the aluminum matrix composite tube is 500mm to 1000 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110602750.6A CN113369810A (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2021-05-31 | Preparation method of aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding |
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| CN202110602750.6A CN113369810A (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2021-05-31 | Preparation method of aluminum-based composite material pipe based on friction stir welding |
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Application publication date: 20210910 |