CN106271016A - A kind of welding method of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials - Google Patents
A kind of welding method of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106271016A CN106271016A CN201610828107.4A CN201610828107A CN106271016A CN 106271016 A CN106271016 A CN 106271016A CN 201610828107 A CN201610828107 A CN 201610828107A CN 106271016 A CN106271016 A CN 106271016A
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- metal materials
- welding
- different metal
- positive enthalpy
- mixing different
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the welding method of a kind of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials, comprising: (1) welding material pretreatment: first, respectively two kinds of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials are made annealing treatment, eliminate forming residual stress；Secondly, by metal material mechanical lapping, then complete mechanical polishing with diamond polishing cream；Afterwards, the metal material after polishing is carried out solution corrosion, in order to complete to characterize on optical microscope or grain morphology detection；(2) magnetic pulse welding: two kinds of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials to be welded are placed in electro-magnetic forming system, after energising, the coil in electro-magnetic forming system is by by the transient current of amplitude and produce impulse magnetic field, under impulse magnetic field effect, the collection chinaware outer surface in electro-magnetic forming system produces faradic current simultaneously, described first different metal materials moment is made to obtain impact kinetic energy, high-speed impact the second different metal materials, thus realize the welding of two kinds of different metal materials.The method of the present invention can realize metallurgical weld to the dissimilar metal with positive enthalpy of mixing, thus prepare/shape obtain that welding performance is good, joint is without the welded articles of obvious fault of construction.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to material solder technology and figuration manufacture field, relate to the weldering of a kind of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials
Connect method.
Background technology
Welding is a kind of that material is permanently connected, becomes the manufacturing technology of the structure with given function.Almost all of
Product, from the large ship of hundreds of thousands ton to the microelectronic element less than 1 gram, relies on solder technology the most to some extent.
Welding has penetrated into manufacturing every field, directly influences the quality of product, reliability and life-span, and the one-tenth produced
Originally, efficiency and speed to respond to the market.Along with developing rapidly of modern science and technology, new material, new construction constantly occur, different materials
Welding combination between material is on the increase, and the requirement to welding structural element also improves constantly.Different-metal material welding can be fully sharp
With the excellent properties of various materials, such as intensity, specific strength, corrosion resistance, electric conductivity etc., thus engineering machinery, transportation,
The industries such as Aero-Space are used widely.
For having heterogeneous gold such as the dissimilar metal of positive enthalpy of mixing, such as Fe-Cu, Fe-Mg, Fe-Zn, Cu-Zn, Mg-Ti etc.
Belong to, due to its at room temperature mutually solid solubility low, it is impossible to form intermetallic compound, utilize traditional melt welding method to be difficult to
Obtain high-quality welding point, concentrate as temperature is uneven during red copper-steel melting welding, produce stress, cause postwelding joint to have crackle
And serious general ferrum phenomenon, finally produce the defects such as welding joint mechanical property reduction.Although Chinese scholars is around Cu-Fe even
Connect Study on Problems and go out the most different welding methods such as: molten solder, soldering and explosive welding etc..But the most inevitably
The problems such as have that processing cost is high, test specimen preparation is complicated, welding condition is harsh before weldering or safety is low.
Summary of the invention
For disadvantages described above or the Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides a kind of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials
Welding method and product, its pass through magnetic discharge welding connection technology, the dissimilar metal with positive enthalpy of mixing is realized metallurgical weld, can make
Standby/shape obtain that welding performance is good, joint is without the welded articles of obvious fault of construction.
For achieving the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is provided that the weldering of a kind of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials
Connecing method, it comprises the steps:
(1) welding material pretreatment
First, respectively two kinds of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials are made annealing treatment, eliminate forming residual stress；
Secondly, by metal material mechanical lapping, then complete mechanical polishing with diamond polishing cream；
Afterwards, the metal material after polishing is carried out solution corrosion, in order to complete to characterize or crystal grain on optical microscope
Shape measure；
(2) magnetic pulse welding
Two kinds of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials to be welded are placed in electro-magnetic forming system, electro-magnetic forming system after energising
Coil in system by by the transient current of amplitude and produce impulse magnetic field, electro-magnetic forming system under impulse magnetic field effect
Collection chinaware outer surface in system produces faradic current simultaneously；
Described faradic current is after outer surface conduction enters inner surface so that near the first heterogeneous gold of collection chinaware outer surface
Belong to outer surface and produce faradic current, the Lorentz between collection chinaware inner surface induced field and copper pipe outer surface induced field
The repulsive interaction of power makes described first different metal materials moment obtain impact kinetic energy, high-speed impact the second dissimilar metal
Material, thus realize the welding of two kinds of different metal materials.
As present invention further optimization, during two kinds of different metal materials welding between gap be not more than 2mm, preferably
1.0-1.5mm, most preferably 1.4mm.
As present invention further optimization, the combination of the two different metal materials can be Fe-Cu, Fe-Mg,
Fe-Zn, Cu-Zn or Mg-Ti.
As present invention further optimization, the two different metal materials is preferably copper pipe and steel pipe.
As present invention further optimization, the welding ends of described copper pipe and steel pipe is coaxially socketed, and wherein said copper pipe is
Outer tube.
As present invention further optimization, magnetic pulse welding experiment discharge voltage is 15kV.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, there is following useful effect
Really:
(1) positive enthalpy of mixing system foreign material is in the case of being added without intermediate layer material, can be shaped by pulse electromagnetic
Technology can realize welding.
(2) pulse electromagnetic welding method high-duty, cycle be short, contactless etc., and excellent characteristics can obtain structural integrity, property
The weldment that energy is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the metal pipe material magnetic pulse welding device schematic diagram corresponding according to the welding method of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is according to transmission electron microscope (TEM) the sample making course figure in the welding method of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is according to welded specimen scanning electron microscope (SEM) schematic diagram in the welding method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, right
The present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
According to the positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials welding method of the embodiment of the present invention, application magnetic field impulse method realizes the most mixed
Close enthalpy system ferrum brazing.In the present embodiment, preferably different metal materials is copper pipe and iron pipe, but the dissimilar metal material of the present invention
Material is not limited to this, as long as actually positive the most applicable this method of enthalpy of mixing different metal materials, can be such as Fe-Cu,
Fe-Mg, Fe-Zn, Cu-Zn or Mg-Ti etc..
The welding method of the present embodiment is for realizing the welding of copper pipe and iron pipe, and specifically the method step is as follows:
(1) welding material prepares:
The preferred fine copper of Welding experiment and mild steel 20# steel tubing.Preferably copper pipe external diameter Ф 20mm, wall thickness 1mm, outer diameter of steel pipes
Ф 16mm, wall thickness 4mm.Size in this embodiment is only a kind of preferred, but for metal material kind and chi in the present invention
Very little it is not limited to this.
Welding material 20# steel and fine copper carry out annealing respectively and eliminate forming residual stress.And carry out metallographic observation, profit
Cutting sample from alloy pipe with wire cutting method, mechanical lapping, to such as 2000#SiC sand paper, is thrown with diamond the most again
Light cream completes mechanical polishing.20# steel curved beam after polishing corrodes after about 30s in the nital of 5vol.% can be
Complete on optical microscope to characterize.Fine copper corrodes 30-60s with the ammonium persulfate solution of 10% to complete grain morphology detection.
20# crystalline grain of steel tissue by etc. the ferrite (clear zone) of shaft-like and pearlite (dark space) form, average-size about 20 μm, after heat treatment
Fine copper in have a large amount of annealing twin to produce, crystal grain in etc. shaft-like, average grain size about 80 μm.
(2) magnetic pulse welding experiment
It is preferably a kind of electro-magnetic forming system of welding method of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 1, such as Fig. 1, this electromagnetic forming
System includes supply unit, pulsed capacitance group, cylindrical collection chinaware and spiral winding.Wherein, supply unit and pulsed capacitance group
And spiral winding is sequentially connected electrically, supply unit, for powering to pulsed capacitance group, after Capacitor banks C charging terminates, closes
Closing high-current switch K, coil is by by the transient current of amplitude and produce impulse magnetic field.As it is shown in figure 1, in the present embodiment
Electro-magnetic forming system maximum discharge voltage 25kV, electric capacity 80 μ F, inductance 200 μ H.Collection chinaware is the ring structure of hollow, line
Snare, at collection chinaware annular solid outer surface, produces faradic current at impulse magnetic field effect next part chinaware outer surface simultaneously, and from
Outer surface conduction enters inner surface.The welding ends coaxial package of dissimilar metal to be welded i.e. copper pipe and steel pipe is in this annular solid
Portion's hollow space, the faradic current of inner surface can make copper pipe outer surface produce faradic current, collect chinaware inner surface induced field
With the repulsive interaction (Lorentz force) between copper pipe outer surface induced field makes copper pipe moment obtain impact kinetic energy, at a high speed
Clash into 20# steel tubing and realize welding.
In the present embodiment, preferably weld zone length 10mm of copper pipe and iron pipe, inner and outer pipes gap 1.4mm, magnetic pulse welding
Experiment discharge voltage is 15kV.
By discharge loop, the electric energy that high-voltage pulse capacitor is stored is converted into magnetic field energy, and metal material is by pulsed magnetic field
Effect produces faradic current, and faradic current produces the magnetic field force that amplitude is huge under impulse magnetic field effect, and the latter drives metal
Connector and connected piece produce high velocity impact, realize metallurgical binding.
In one embodiment, in welding process, preferably the preferable copper pipe of electric conductivity is as outer tube, in steel pipe is made
Pipe.
In one embodiment, for ensureing good welding performance, pre-by machining on steel pipe before Welding experiment
Make the overlap joint angle of 4 °.
In one embodiment, pipe fitting welding district avoids impurity with alcohol washes after removing oxide layer is removed in sand papering process
Weld interface it is involved in welding process.
In one embodiment, using discharge voltage is to realize welding under 15kV, and property of welded joint is the most seamless
Defect.
Further, with to welded specimen sem analysis.In the present embodiment, as it is shown on figure 3, magnetic pulse welding interface is micro-
See structure observation to have gone up in FEI Quanta200 scanning electron microscope (Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM)
Become.Flow process prepared by SEM sample: axially cut sample at weld zone wire cutting method along tubing, then by sample ring
Epoxy resins carries out cold inlaid solid fixed, and the sample that cold edge is good carries out mechanical lapping and polishing with SiC sand paper and diamond polishing cream respectively
I.e. obtain meeting the sample that SEM observes.
Prepare at micro-zone analysis sample, due to intermediate layer thickness all in micron dimension, conventional TEM preparation method of sample system
Sample difficulty is bigger.In one embodiment, with FEI Quanta 3D FEG high-performance poly pyrophosphate ion bundle (Focused Ion
Beam, FIB) system completes the preparation of transmission electron microscope sample.
In one embodiment, as in figure 2 it is shown, welded specimen to be carried out tem analysis, the table of weld interface intermediate layer
Levy the FEI Tecnai G2F30 Flied emission scanning transmission electron microscope (Scanning at accelerating potential 300kV
Transmission Electron Micoscope, STEM) on carry out.STEM-EDS carries out component distributing analysis, determines welding
Position, intermediate layer.Weld interface and mother metal bonding pad TEM bright field image and mother metal diffraction pattern, contrast dark region in left side is 20#
Steel (bcc) mother metal, contrast dark region in the right is fine copper (fcc) mother metal, and intermediate layer is between two kinds of mother metals.Before welding
Original structure compare, Tong Ce weld interface district occurs the crystal grain that makes of recovery and recrystallization to be refined, and 20# steel weld interface district
The most then produce high dislocation density tangled structure.Intermediate layer SEAD determines structure fcc structure, high resolution picture and Fourier
Conversion and EDS point composition determine intermediate layer material copper supersaturated solid solution Fe (Cu) in ferrum and nano-crystalline granule.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that and the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to
Limit the present invention, all any amendment, equivalent and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, all should comprise
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a welding method for positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials, it comprises the steps:
(1) welding material pretreatment
First, respectively two kinds of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials are made annealing treatment, eliminate forming residual stress；
Secondly, by metal material mechanical lapping, then complete mechanical polishing with diamond polishing cream；
Afterwards, the metal material after polishing is carried out solution corrosion, in order to complete to characterize or grain morphology on optical microscope
Detection；
(2) magnetic pulse welding
Two kinds of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials to be welded are placed in electro-magnetic forming system, after energising in electro-magnetic forming system
Coil by by the transient current of amplitude and produce impulse magnetic field, under impulse magnetic field effect in electro-magnetic forming system
Collection chinaware outer surface produce faradic current simultaneously；
Described faradic current is after outer surface conduction enters inner surface so that near the first dissimilar metal material of collection chinaware outer surface
Material outer surface produces faradic current, the Lorentz force between collection chinaware inner surface induced field and copper pipe outer surface induced field
Repulsive interaction makes described first different metal materials moment obtain impact kinetic energy, high-speed impact the second dissimilar metal material
Material, thus realize the welding of two kinds of different metal materials.
The welding method of a kind of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials the most according to claim 1, wherein, two kinds of dissimilar metals
Gap between during material welding is not more than 2mm, preferably 1.0-1.5mm, most preferably 1.4mm.
The welding method of a kind of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials the most according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the two
The combination of different metal materials can be Fe-Cu, Fe-Mg, Fe-Zn, Cu-Zn or Mg-Ti.
The welding method of a kind of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials the most according to claim 3, wherein, the two is heterogeneous
Metal material is preferably copper pipe and steel pipe.
The welding method of a kind of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials the most according to claim 4, wherein, described copper pipe and steel
The welding ends of pipe is coaxially socketed, and wherein said copper pipe is outer tube.
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| CN201610828107.4A CN106271016A (en) | 2016-09-18 | 2016-09-18 | A kind of welding method of positive enthalpy of mixing different metal materials |
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Cited By (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107081514A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-22 | 重庆市光学机械研究所 | A kind of electromagnetic pulse welding folding collection chinaware |
| CN108500441A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-09-07 | 湖北科技学院 | A kind of high speed electromagnetic impulsed spot welding device |
| CN109202256A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-01-15 | 哈工大机器人（岳阳）军民融合研究院 | It is glued magnetic pulse welding composite joint technique, structure, connector and product |
| CN109434370A (en) * | 2019-01-20 | 2019-03-08 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of centralising device for magnetic field impulse Guan Yuguan welding |
| CN111922176A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-13 | 华中科技大学 | Magnetic collector, electromagnetic forming impact welding device and application |
| CN110711963B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-09-21 | 北京机械设备研究所 | Fixing device and welding method for magnetic pulse welding joint of long pipe part |
| CN113945441A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-18 | 青岛中车四方轨道车辆有限公司 | Metallographic corrosion method for weld joint |
| CN115026402A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-09 | 太原科技大学 | Magnetic pulse welding method for magnesium/titanium alloy plate lap joint |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107081514A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-22 | 重庆市光学机械研究所 | A kind of electromagnetic pulse welding folding collection chinaware |
| CN108500441A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-09-07 | 湖北科技学院 | A kind of high speed electromagnetic impulsed spot welding device |
| CN109202256A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-01-15 | 哈工大机器人（岳阳）军民融合研究院 | It is glued magnetic pulse welding composite joint technique, structure, connector and product |
| CN109434370A (en) * | 2019-01-20 | 2019-03-08 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of centralising device for magnetic field impulse Guan Yuguan welding |
| CN110711963B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-09-21 | 北京机械设备研究所 | Fixing device and welding method for magnetic pulse welding joint of long pipe part |
| CN111922176A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-13 | 华中科技大学 | Magnetic collector, electromagnetic forming impact welding device and application |
| CN113945441A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-18 | 青岛中车四方轨道车辆有限公司 | Metallographic corrosion method for weld joint |
| CN115026402A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-09 | 太原科技大学 | Magnetic pulse welding method for magnesium/titanium alloy plate lap joint |
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