CN113367042A

CN113367042A - Slope greening matrix prepared from phyllite crushed stones and preparation method

Info

Publication number: CN113367042A
Application number: CN202110641889.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王健; 李家春; 李卫红; 宋宗昌; 孟志军; 张艳杰; 韩俊杰; 刘洋; 张正星; 史振华; 王军; 贾志刚; 高兴; 李海森
Original assignee: Shanxi Road and Bridge Construction Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanxi Road and Bridge Construction Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-09
Filing date: 2021-06-09
Publication date: 2021-09-10

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment treatment, and discloses a slope greening matrix prepared from phyllite crushed stones and a preparation method thereof, wherein the slope greening matrix is composed of phyllite crushed stones, straw fibers, cement, an organic fertilizer, turfy soil and a water-retaining agent, and the weight parts of the components are as follows: 100 parts of phyllite crushed stone, 1-5 parts of straw fiber, 4-12 parts of cement, 2-6 parts of organic fertilizer, 6-14 parts of turfy soil and 0.05-0.25 part of water-retaining agent.

Description

Slope greening matrix prepared from phyllite crushed stones and preparation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment treatment, and particularly relates to a slope greening matrix prepared from phyllite crushed stones and a preparation method.

Background

The southern Shaanxi is located in the Qinba mountainous area, the terrain of the area is large, the geological structure is complex, phyllite is mainly used in the area, the filling and digging balance is difficult to achieve due to the construction or the extension of the mountain highway, a large amount of waste is inevitably caused, and the environment pollution is easily caused due to improper treatment; the phyllite is soft in lithology, easy to soften when meeting water, poor in engineering geological property and weather resistance, easy to weather to form rock debris, and easy to break down when exposed to air for a long time, the natural green-appearing period of a local phyllite waste slag side slope is about two years, the basic full-coverage period of natural herbaceous plants is about three to five years, and the natural green-appearing period is longer although the phyllite has a basic environment for plant growth.

The natural conditions of Hanzhong city and Ankang city in southern Shaanxi have obvious characteristics in southern areas, rice and wheaten food are mainly planted as staple food, rice straw resources are rich, but the utilization rate of straw in southern Shaanxi is not high, most of straw is burned or used as living fuel, and huge environmental pollution and resource waste are caused.

At present, China needs a large amount of concrete and soil matrix in road slope construction, and the method is usually adopted as follows: pouring concrete to form a protective structure, reserving a greening area on the protective structure, burying soil in the greening area and planting green plants. The method needs to consume a large amount of concrete, and soil layers of some mountain rock road sections are few, so that the soil matrix cannot be obtained nearby, and needs to be transported in different places, thereby increasing the cost; if the phyllite specific to the southern Shaanxi region is used for local road slope construction nearby, the problem of recycling the original waste phyllite in the engineering land can be solved, the requirement of road construction materials in local highway construction can be met, and the method has important significance for enterprise development, social development and ecological environment protection.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a slope greening matrix prepared from phyllite gravels and a preparation method thereof, and overcomes the defects in the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a slope greening matrix prepared from phyllite crushed stones comprises phyllite crushed stones, straw fibers, cement, an organic fertilizer, turfy soil and a water-retaining agent, wherein the weight parts of the components are as follows: 100 parts of phyllite crushed stone, 1-5 parts of straw fiber, 4-12 parts of cement, 2-6 parts of organic fertilizer, 6-14 parts of turfy soil and 0.05-0.25 part of water-retaining agent.

Preferably, the weight parts of the components are as follows: 100 parts of phyllite crushed stone, 2-4 parts of straw fiber, 6-10 parts of cement, 3-5 parts of organic fertilizer, 8-12 parts of turfy soil and 0.1-0.2 part of water-retaining agent.

Preferably, the weight parts of the components are as follows: 100 parts of phyllite broken stone, 4 parts of straw fiber, 6 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 12 parts of turfy soil and 0.2 part of water-retaining agent.

Preferably, the particle size of the phyllite crushed stone is 1cm, and the total potassium content in the phyllite crushed stone is 23-25 g/kg.

Preferably, the straw fiber is selected from rice straw fiber, the length of the straw fiber is 1-2 cm, the content of organic matters in the rice straw fiber is 445-455 g/kg, the content of total nitrogen is 6-7 g/kg, the content of total phosphorus is 1-2 g/kg, and the content of total potassium is 8-9 g/kg.

Preferably, the cement is selected from 42.5# portland cement.

Preferably, the organic fertilizer is selected from chicken manure organic fertilizer, wherein the organic matter content of the chicken manure organic fertilizer is 520-525 g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 3-4 g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 4-5 g/kg, and the total potassium content is 3-4 g/kg.

Preferably, the turfy soil is selected from acid turfy soil, the pH value of the acid turfy soil is 4-5, the organic matter content in the acid turfy soil is 218-220 g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 1-2 g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 3-4 g/kg, and the total potassium content is 4-5 g/kg.

Preferably, the water retention agent is selected from 100-mesh high molecular water-absorbent resin.

Preferably, the preparation method of the slope greening matrix prepared from phyllite gravels comprises the following steps:

step 1: weighing 100 parts of phyllite crushed stone, 1-5 parts of straw fiber, 4-12 parts of cement, 2-6 parts of organic fertilizer, 6-14 parts of turfy soil and 0.05-0.25 part of water-retaining agent;

step 2: crushing phyllite crushed stones, and sieving the crushed phyllite crushed stones by a 1cm sieve; crushing and rolling straw fibers with the length of 1-2 cm; carrying out high-temperature fermentation treatment on the organic fertilizer;

and step 3: mixing phyllite broken stone, straw fiber, cement, organic fertilizer, turfy soil and water-retaining agent, and stirring uniformly.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the slope greening matrix is composed of phyllite broken stones, straw fibers, cement, organic fertilizer, turfy soil and a water-retaining agent, the porosity and the water content of the slope greening matrix can be effectively increased through the slope greening matrix formed by matching the components, the volume weight of the slope greening matrix is reduced, the plant growth conditions of the slope greening matrix can be improved, the organic matter content and the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like of the matrix are improved, the plant activity is favorably improved, and the emergence and growth of plants are promoted;

(2) according to the invention, phyllite gravels are selected as native planting soil, so that the three-phase distribution of the slope greening matrix is more reasonable, and the slope greening matrix can be integrated with local soil; aiming at the characteristics of phyllite side slopes in mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi, local phyllite is used as a main material of a greening substrate of the side slopes, local materials are used, and the transportation cost of the materials is favorably reduced; meanwhile, phyllite is rich in potassium element for plant growth, which is beneficial to vegetation growth;

(3) the straw fiber selected by the invention has good connection performance and stronger shear resistance and tensile strength, and the shear strength of the matrix can be improved by properly adding the straw fiber; the straw fiber can be used as a pore-forming material, so that the volume weight and ventilation conditions of the matrix are improved, the respiration of the plant root system and the growth of microorganisms in the matrix soil are facilitated, and the damaged roots are prevented; after being thoroughly decomposed, a large amount of organic matters and available nutrients can be released, and the growth of plants and the activity of microorganisms can be effectively promoted;

(4) the cement selected by the invention can improve the strength of the matrix and solve the stability problem of the matrix on the side slope; the cohesiveness, the adhesiveness and the plasticity of the matrix are improved through the synergistic effect of the adhesive and the straw fibers; the rainwater erosion resistance of the matrix can be improved, and the water and soil loss during rainfall can be reduced;

(5) the organic fertilizer selected by the invention contains a large amount of organic matters, so that the content of the organic matters in the slope greening matrix can be increased; the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting chicken manure at high temperature, retains beneficial components therein, and can enhance the reproduction of microorganisms in the slope greening matrix; the organic fertilizer can improve the physicochemical property of the matrix and promote the absorption and utilization of plants;

(6) the turfy soil selected by the invention is fluffy, the physicochemical property of the matrix can be improved, and the porosity and ventilation condition of the matrix are improved; the turfy soil contains more humic acid, has stronger adsorption capacity, can increase the granular structure of the matrix and simultaneously reduce the alkalinity of the matrix; the turfy soil contains more organic matters, so that the content of the organic matters in the matrix can be increased, and the growth and development of plants are facilitated;

(7) the water-retaining agent selected by the invention is a high molecular polymer, is not easy to dissolve in water, has water absorption capacity about hundred times of the self weight, and has stronger water-retaining property; the main function of the water-retaining agent is to supplement the water in the matrix through water absorption and release, and simultaneously, the water-retaining agent also has the function of improving the physical structure of the matrix, when the water-retaining agent is used together with the fertilizer, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the cost of using the fertilizer for the matrix can be reduced, and the water-retaining agent mainly plays a role in compensating the deficiency of deep water in the matrix soil caused by the reduction of rainfall and watering in the growth stage after the plant seedlings emerge.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the analysis of the influence factors of the volume weight of the slope greening matrix according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the analysis of the influence factors of the total porosity of the slope greening matrix according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the analysis of the influence factors of the porosity of the capillary of the slope greening matrix;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the influence factors of the porosity of the non-capillary tube of the slope greening substrate according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of analysis of the influence factors of the saturated water content of the slope greening substrate according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the analysis of the influence factors of the maximum water holding capacity in the field of the slope greening substrate of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the analysis of the influence factors on the pH value of the slope greening substrate according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an analysis chart of influence factors of organic matter content in the slope greening matrix according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an analysis chart of influence factors of total nitrogen in the slope greening substrate according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the analysis of the influence factors of the total phosphorus in the slope greening substrate according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is an analysis chart of influence factors of the slope greening matrix total potassium of the invention;

FIG. 12 is a characteristic analysis chart of the emergence rate of tall fescue in the slope greening substrate of the invention;

FIG. 13 is a characteristic analysis chart of the emergence rate of alfalfa in the slope greening substrate of the invention;

FIG. 14 is a graph showing the characteristic analysis of the growth height of tall fescue as a slope greening substrate according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram of the growing height of alfalfa in the slope greening substrate of the invention.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples:

it should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, and other elements shown in the specification are included for the purpose of understanding and reading only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and any modifications of the structures, changes in the proportions and adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the efficacy and attainment of the same.

In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.

The invention discloses a slope greening matrix prepared from phyllite crushed stones, which consists of the phyllite crushed stones, straw fibers, cement, an organic fertilizer, turfy soil and a water-retaining agent, wherein the weight parts of the components are as follows: 100 parts of phyllite crushed stone, 1-5 parts of straw fiber, 4-12 parts of cement, 2-6 parts of organic fertilizer, 6-14 parts of turfy soil and 0.05-0.25 part of water-retaining agent.

Selecting phyllite as original abandoned phyllite of an engineering land as a slope greening substrate, crushing the phyllite and sieving the crushed phyllite by a sieve of 1 cm; the main functions are as follows: firstly, as native planting soil, the three-phase distribution of the slope greening matrix is more reasonable; secondly, local phyllite is used as a main material of the slope greening substrate, so that the transportation cost of the material is reduced; thirdly, the slope greening substrate can be integrated with local soil.

The rice straw contains a large amount of organic matters and elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and the like, and the rice straw fiber mainly has the following functions: the straw fiber has good connection performance and stronger shear resistance and tensile strength, and the shear strength of the matrix can be improved by properly adding the straw fiber; but the content of the organic silicon compound is not more than 5 percent, otherwise, the matrix structure is loose; secondly, the straw fiber can be used as a pore-forming material, so that the volume weight and the ventilation condition of the matrix are improved, the respiration of the plant root system and the growth of microorganisms in the matrix soil are facilitated, and the damaged roots are prevented; and thirdly, a large amount of organic matters and available nutrients can be released after the decomposition, and the growth of plants and the activity of microorganisms can be effectively promoted.

Preferably, the cement is selected from 42.5# portland cement.

The main functions of cement in the matrix are: the strength of the matrix can be improved, and the stability problem of the matrix on the side slope is solved; secondly, the cohesiveness, the adhesiveness and the plasticity of the matrix are improved through the synergistic effect of the plant fiber; and thirdly, the rainwater erosion resistance of the matrix can be improved, and the water and soil loss during rainfall is reduced. The main action principle of the cement is that the cohesive force of the matrix is increased by the adhesion of the fiber and the soil, the high-strength matrix can effectively prevent the soil erosion of the matrix, and the dosage of the cement is reasonably used according to the type of the soil. The amount of cement added varies depending on the texture of the soil. The sandy soil is relatively loose, the addition amount of cement is properly increased, the viscosity soil is properly reduced, and the general soil can be added according to the conventional amount. During spraying, the cement has the functions of lubricating and preventing fiber from caking, and the resistance of the pipeline can be reduced.

However, the addition of the cement can obviously improve the pH value of the slope greening matrix, is not beneficial to the emergence and growth of plants, and the addition amount should be proper.

The main steps of adding the organic fertilizer are as follows: the organic fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matters, so that the organic matter content in the slope greening matrix is improved; secondly, the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the chicken manure at high temperature, so that the beneficial components in the chicken manure are retained, and the reproduction of microorganisms in the slope greening matrix can be enhanced; and thirdly, the organic fertilizer can improve the physical and chemical properties of the matrix and promote the absorption and utilization of plants.

The turfy soil has the main functions of: the turfy soil is fluffy, so that the physicochemical property of the matrix can be improved, and the porosity and ventilation conditions of the matrix are improved; the turfy soil contains more humic acid, has stronger adsorption capacity, can increase the granular structure of the matrix, and simultaneously reduces the alkalinity of the matrix; and the turfy soil contains more organic matters, so that the content of the organic matters in the matrix can be increased, and the growth and development of plants are facilitated.

The water-retaining agent selected by the invention is a high molecular polymer, is not easy to dissolve in water, has water absorption capacity about hundred times of the self weight, and has stronger water-retaining property; the water-retaining agent has the main functions of supplementing water in the matrix by absorbing and releasing water and also has the function of improving the physical structure of the matrix, when the water-retaining agent is used together with the fertilizer, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the cost of using the fertilizer by the matrix can be reduced, and the water-retaining agent mainly plays a role of making up the deficiency of deep water in the matrix soil caused by the reduction of rainfall and watering in the growth stage of the plant after seedling emergence; the service life of the water retention agent is about 5 years generally, and after the water retention agent is decomposed, harmless substances such as carbon dioxide, water and the like are generated. The water-retaining agent mainly comprises polyacrylate, and the macromolecular components can absorb, store and release water, can improve the physical structure of soil and provide a good environment for plant growth.

In order to research the adding proportion of various materials in the slope greening matrix, aiming at the characteristics of the rock slope, combining the characteristics of the matrix material, and applying an orthogonal test method for design, the test selects straw fiber, ordinary portland cement, organic fertilizer, turfy soil and water-retaining agent, the rice straw adopted in the test contains about 450g/kg of organic matter, 6.3g/kg of nitrogen, 1.1g/kg of phosphorus and 8.5g/kg of potassium; the adopted organic fertilizer is chicken manure organic fertilizer, the content of organic matters is 524.53g/kg, the content of total nitrogen is 3.33g/kg, the content of total phosphorus is 4.13g/kg, and the content of total potassium is 3.47 g/kg; the adopted turfy soil is acidic turfy soil, the pH value is 4.38, the organic matter content is 218.28g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 1.12g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 3.65g/kg, and the total potassium content is 4.98 g/kg; the experiment has 5 material factors, each factor is set to 5 levels, the interaction among the factors is not considered, meanwhile, pure phyllite matrix is used as a reference (CK) to be treated, the proportion of the phyllite is 1, the proportion of each factor is shown in the table 1, and the experimental design scheme is shown in the table 2.

Table 1 base material factor level table (unit:%)

Table 2 experimental design scheme table

Pot culture test method

According to the design of table 2, the test matrixes are divided into 25 in total and are added with 1 control test to form 26 groups of tests; one pot experiment was performed for each experiment, requiring a total of 26 pot experiments. The seeds of the two plants, namely the tall fescue and the alfalfa, are selected and mixed according to the proportion of 2:1 (300 grains in total), are used as test grass seeds, and pot culture test is carried out in a plastic flowerpot with the inner diameter of 20cm and the height of 25 cm. The specific test steps are as follows:

(1) disposing a substrate

Weighing raw materials responding to the mass according to the design of the tables 1 and 2, uniformly stirring the raw materials in a stirring basin, wherein the total mass of each mixed matrix is 5 kg.

(2) Potted planting

In order to avoid the influence of the leakage of the slope greening matrix on the experiment, a piece of filter paper is placed in the bottom of each flowerpot, then the stirred mixed matrix is poured into the flowerpot, the seeds are uniformly scattered into the flowerpot, and the thickness of the covering layer on the flowerpot is about 2 cm.

(3) Maintenance management

After the flowerpot is placed in the test chamber, the flowerpot is placed on the open ground outside the test chamber, so that the illumination is ensured, and an open-air test is carried out. In the initial stage of planting, in order to ensure that the water content in the matrix is sufficient, watering is carried out once every two days, and after the plants grow into a lawn, watering is carried out once every five days until the plants are thoroughly watered. After the test is carried out for 3 months, the summer is reached, the rainwater is sufficient, and the watering and the maintenance are stopped, so that the water grows naturally.

(4) Growth record

At the beginning of planting, the emergence of the plants was observed every day and recorded. From day 1 of 5 months, plant growth height was measured every two weeks.

Method for measuring substrate index

Determination of the physical Properties of the substrate: the matrix needs to measure indexes such as matrix volume weight, matrix porosity and matrix water content before planting grass seeds. The volume weight of the matrix is measured by a ring-knife weighing method; calculating the porosity of the matrix; the water content of the matrix adopts a drying method.

Determination of matrix chemical index: the pH value of the substrate is measured by a pH acidimeter; measuring the organic matter of the matrix by a potassium dichromate volumetric method; the total nitrogen adopts a dry burning method; acid-soluble molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method is adopted for total phosphorus; the total potassium is prepared by NaOH melting-flame photometry.

And (3) measuring plant growth indexes: seed emergence rate and plant height. The seed emergence rate = (cumulative number of seeds germinated/total number of seeds) × 100%, and data of one month are counted from the first day when the plant starts to germinate. Plants were grown starting at 23 days 4 months and sprouting had begun substantially all the way to 30 days 4 months, and plant height statistics were taken starting at 1 day 5 months, and then growth height was measured every two weeks with a ruler for 10 days 7 months.

Data processing method

The test data is processed and analyzed by adopting SPSS software, and the Origin software is used for drawing.

Analysis of measurement result of physical properties of slope greening matrix

The basic physical indexes of the ecological slope greening matrix are determined through tests and are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 determination results of basic physical indexes of slope greening matrix

The slope greening substrate is a carrier for plant growth and provides necessary air, water and nutrients for plant growth. The volume weight is used as a slope greening baseThe basic parameter of the physical property can reflect the tightness degree and porosity of the slope greening matrix and calculate the quality of the slope greening matrix. The volume weight of the soil for the growth of general plants is more than 1.0 to 1.5g/cm³And the influence of soil texture, organic matter content, natural factors and artificial management factors is large. Soil compaction easily leads to the increase of unit weight, is unfavorable for soil moisture storage, circulation of air. Usually, the volume weight of the soil most suitable for plant growth is 1.0 to 1.1g/cm³In the meantime. As shown in Table 3, the volume weight of the control test substrate was 1.517g/cm³And the weight average of the volume of the experimental slope greening matrix is obviously lower than that of the contrast experiment, which shows that the experimental matrix is more suitable for plant growth.

The total porosity of the slope greening matrix soil reflects the proportion of the volume of the non-solid phase part in the total volume of the soil. If the porosity of the substrate is low and the substrate is compact, the growth of the plant root system is influenced; if the gaps of the matrix are too large, the matrix is too loose, which easily causes unstable rooting of plants and still is not beneficial to growth. The total porosity of the soil is 30-60%. The capillary porosity is the pore occupied by capillary water in a slope greening matrix, the equivalent pore diameter is less than 0.02mm, water can be stored, and meanwhile, plant root hairs can be directly inserted, so that the capillary porosity is the most effective pore diameter for plants. As shown in Table 3, the total porosity of the slope greening matrix in the control test is 39.1%, and the porosity of the capillary is 34.4%, which are both obviously lower than those of the test matrix.

Water is a substance on which plants live, the slope greening matrix is a direct water source for the growth of the plants on the rocky slope, and the water of the matrix participates in the processes of substance conversion and nutrient transfer in soil to a great extent. As shown in table 3, the saturated water content is the ratio of the weight of water to the dry weight of the slope greening matrix when all pores in the slope greening matrix are full of water; and the maximum water capacity in the field is the ratio of the water weight to the dry weight of the slope greening matrix when capillary pores in the slope greening matrix are filled with water. Table 3 shows that the saturated water content of the control test is 25.8%, the maximum field capacity is 22.7%, which is much lower than that of the slope greening substrate tested.

Analysis of influence factors of slope greening matrix volume weight

According to the test results in table 3, the influence factors of the volume weight of the landscaping substrate are subjected to range analysis to obtain a graph 1.

Comparative analysis of fig. 1 the following conclusions can be drawn:

the volume weight of the slope greening matrix in the control test is 1.517g/cm³The unit weight of the slope greening matrix is far higher than that of other experimental slope greening matrixes, and meanwhile, the influence degrees of different factors on the unit weight of the slope greening matrix are different.

The straw fiber (factor A) has the largest influence on the volume weight of the slope greening matrix. When the addition amount of the straw fiber is horizontal 1, the volume weight of the slope greening matrix is 1.344g/cm³(ii) a When the addition amount of the straw fiber is horizontal 5, the volume weight of the slope greening matrix is reduced to 1.004g/cm³Decrease by 0.34g/cm³The reduction rate was 25.3%. The volume weight of the straw fiber is obviously lower than that of phyllite, and the straw fiber is fluffy and not easy to compress, so that the volume weight of the slope greening matrix can be obviously reduced by adding the straw fiber, the physical performance of the slope greening matrix is improved, and the emergence and growth of plants are facilitated.

Secondly, the influence of the turfy soil (factor D) on the volume weight of the matrix. When the addition amount of the turfy soil is horizontal 1, the volume weight of the slope greening matrix is 1.179g/cm³(ii) a When the addition amount of the turfy soil reaches the level of 5, the volume weight is reduced to 1.148g/cm³The reduction is 2.7%. This is because although the volume weight of the peatmoss is much lower than that of the phyllite, it is easily compressed and when the substrate is mixed, it is compressed by other materials, so that the influence of the change of the addition amount thereof on the volume weight of the slope greening substrate is not obvious.

And the organic fertilizer (factor C), the cement (factor B) and the water-retaining agent (factor E) have low influence on the volume weight of the slope greening matrix. The volume weight difference between the organic fertilizer, the cement and the phyllite is not large, and the volume weight of the slope greening matrix cannot be greatly influenced by small change of the using amount of the water-retaining agent.

Therefore, the volume weight of the slope greening matrix can be obviously reduced by properly increasing the using amount of the straw fibers, and when the adding amount of the straw fibers is 4-5%, the volume weight of the slope greening matrix is 1.0-1.1 g/cm³In between, is most suitable for plant growth.

Analysis of influence factors of slope greening matrix porosity

According to the test results in table 3, the influence factors of the porosity of the landscaping substrate are subjected to range analysis to obtain fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4.

A comparative analysis of fig. 2, 3 and 4 can lead to the following conclusions:

the total porosity of the slope greening matrix in the contrast test is 39.1 percent, the porosity of the capillary is 34.4 percent, and the total porosity is obviously lower than that of the slope greening matrix in the test and is unfavorable for plant growth; the porosity of the non-capillary tube of the slope greening matrix in the contrast test is 4.7%, and the contrast test is not obvious from other test matrixes. Meanwhile, different factors have different influence degrees on the porosity of the slope greening matrix.

The straw fiber (factor A) has great influence on the total porosity and capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity of the slope greening substrate. When the addition amount of the straw fiber is horizontal 1, the total porosity of the slope greening matrix is 49.9 percent, the capillary porosity is 46.2 percent, and the non-capillary porosity is 3.7 percent; and when the addition amount of the straw fiber is level 5, the total porosity is 58.9%, the capillary porosity is 51.6%, and the non-capillary porosity is 7.4%, which are respectively increased by 9%, 5.4% and 3.7%. The side slope greening matrix is more fluffy due to the addition of the straw fibers, the pores in the matrix are increased, and meanwhile, a large number of contact surfaces exist between the straw fibers and the phyllite, so that the capillary porosity of the side slope greening matrix is increased. And because partial straw fibers are not completely crushed, pores exist, the equivalent diameter of the pores is larger, and the straw fiber is non-capillary porosity. Both capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity increase, with a corresponding increase in total porosity.

Secondly, the influence of the turfy soil (factor D) on the total porosity, the capillary porosity and the non-capillary porosity of the slope greening matrix. When the addition amount of the turfy soil is horizontal 1, the total porosity of the slope greening matrix is 53.2 percent, the capillary porosity is 47.5 percent, and the non-capillary porosity is 5.7 percent; when the addition amount of the turfy soil is level 5, the total porosity is 55.4%, the capillary porosity is 50.2%, and the non-capillary porosity is 5.2%, which are respectively increased by 2.2%, 2.7% and-0.5%. The turfy soil is low in density, fluffy and large in capillary porosity, so that the addition of the turfy soil is beneficial to increasing the capillary porosity of the slope greening matrix, and the influence on the total porosity is small.

The cement (factor B) has smaller particle size and smaller porosity, and is easy to fill in the pores of other materials when a matrix mixture is prepared, so that the porosity of the test matrix is reduced. Therefore, as the addition amount of cement increases, the porosity of the slope greening matrix gradually decreases. The organic fertilizer (factor C) is spherical particles, so the influence of the addition of the organic fertilizer on the porosity of the slope greening matrix is not obvious. The change of the dosage of the water-retaining agent (factor E) is very small, and the water-retaining agent cannot have great influence on the porosity of the slope greening matrix.

Therefore, the purposes of improving the plant growth condition of the slope greening matrix and improving the porosity of the matrix can be achieved by properly increasing the using amounts of the straw fiber and the turfy soil.

Analysis of influence factors of water content of slope greening matrix

According to the test results in table 3, the influence factors of the water content of the landscaping substrate are subjected to range analysis to obtain fig. 5 and fig. 6.

A comparative analysis of fig. 5 and 6 can lead to the following conclusions:

the saturated water content of the slope greening matrix in the contrast test is 25.8%, the maximum field water holding capacity is 22.7%, the saturated water content is obviously lower than that of the slope greening matrix in the test, and the influence degrees of different factors on the saturated water content of the slope greening matrix and the maximum field water holding capacity are different.

The straw fiber (factor A) has the greatest influence on the saturated water content of the slope greening matrix and the maximum field water capacity. When the addition amount of the straw fiber is horizontal 1, the saturated water content of the ecological slope greening matrix is 37.2 percent, and the maximum field water capacity is 34.4 percent; when the addition amount of the straw fiber is horizontal 5, the saturated water content of the ecological slope greening matrix is 58.7 percent, the maximum field water holding capacity is 54.1 percent, and the water holding capacity is increased by 21.5 percent and 19.7 percent respectively. Due to the addition of the straw fibers, the total porosity and capillary porosity of the straw fibers are remarkably increased, and the total porosity and capillary porosity are in a certain proportional relation with the dry weight of the slope greening matrix, so that the saturated water content of the matrix and the maximum field water holding capacity are greatly increased.

Secondly, the influence of the turfy soil (factor D) on the saturated water content of the slope greening matrix and the maximum water holding capacity in the field. Compared with the level 1, the saturated water content of the slope greening matrix is increased by 3.1% at the level 5, and the maximum water holding capacity in the field is increased by 3. And the cement (factor B) has small negative influence on the saturated water content of the slope greening matrix and the maximum field water capacity, and when the addition amount of the cement is level 2, the saturated water content and the maximum field water capacity are the maximum. The organic fertilizer (factor C) and the water-retaining agent (factor E) have no obvious influence on the saturated water content of the slope greening matrix and the maximum water holding capacity of the field.

In conclusion, the straw fiber and the turfy soil have great positive influence on the volume weight, the porosity and the water content of the slope greening matrix, the addition amount of the straw fiber and the turfy soil is increased, the volume weight of the slope greening matrix is favorably and remarkably reduced, the porosity and the water content of the matrix are increased, and the plant growth condition is improved, but when the addition amount of the straw fiber is too high, the matrix is excessively loose, the formation of a granular structure is not facilitated, so that the optimum addition amount of the straw fiber in the slope greening matrix is 4% -5%. And the cement, the organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent have little influence on indexes such as matrix volume weight, porosity, water content and the like.

Analysis of determination result of chemical index of slope greening matrix

The basic chemical indexes of the ecological slope greening matrix are determined through tests and are shown in table 4.

TABLE 4 determination results of basic chemical indexes of slope greening matrix

The pH value can directly reflect the pH value of the slope greening matrix soil, can directly influence the activity of microorganisms in the matrix and the fixation and release of nutrients, and can directly influence the germination and growth of plants. It can be seen from table 4 that the pH of the test substrate was increased to different extents relative to the control test slope greening substrate. As the addition of the silicate cement influences the acid-base balance of the matrix to a great extent, the slope greening matrix soil is alkaline, and the festuca arundinacea and the alfalfa selected in the test have certain alkali resistance.

Organic matters in the slope greening matrix are one of main sources of plant nutrition, and can improve the physicochemical property of matrix soil, improve the structure and the air permeability of the matrix, accelerate the activity of microorganisms, improve the fertilizer retention capacity, the water retention capacity and the buffer capacity of the matrix soil, and promote the growth and development of plants. As can be seen from Table 4, the organic matter content of the slope greening matrix is greater than that of the contrast test; the main reason is that the organic fertilizer and the turfy soil contain a large amount of organic matters, so that the organic matter content of the matrix can be obviously improved.

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are major elements of the soil nutrient of the substrate, and can comprehensively reflect the fertility level of the slope greening substrate. Table 4 shows that the total nitrogen and phosphorus indexes of the slope greening matrix are improved to some extent compared with the control matrix, and the total potassium index is reduced to some extent but still at a normal level.

Analysis of influence factors of pH

According to the test results in table 4, the influence factors on the pH of the landscaping substrate were subjected to range analysis to obtain fig. 7.

Comparative analysis fig. 7 can lead to the following conclusions:

the pH value of the slope greening matrix in the contrast test is 6.87, which is far lower than that of the slope greening matrix in the test. Different factors have different effects on the pH of the matrix.

The influence of the cement (factor B) on the pH value of the landscaping substrate is the largest. With the increase of the cement content, the pH value of the slope greening matrix is obviously increased. When the addition amount of the cement is horizontal 1, the pH value of the slope greening matrix is 8.21; when the cement addition amount is level 5, the pH value of the slope greening matrix is increased to 9.75, and the increase is 1.54. The experiment selects the Portland cement as the adhesive, so that the strength of the slope greening matrix can be increased, calcium hydroxide can be generated after the Portland cement is hydrated, a large amount of OH-ions are released, the pH value of the slope greening matrix is easily and rapidly increased, the alkalinity of the slope greening matrix is enhanced, and the growth of plants and microorganisms is not facilitated.

The influence of turfy soil (factor D) on the pH value of the slope greening matrix is second to that of cement. With the increase of the content of the turfy soil, the pH value of the slope greening matrix is in a descending trend. When the addition amount of the turfy soil is horizontal 1, the pH value of the slope greening matrix is 9.18; when the addition amount of the cement is level 5, the pH value of the slope greening matrix is increased to 8.86, and the reduction value is 0.32. The reason is that the turfy soil adopted in the test is acidic, contains more humic acid inside, can be neutralized with OH-ions released by cement hydration, reduces the alkalinity of the slope greening matrix, improves the buffer capacity of the matrix for alkalinity, contains more microorganisms in the turfy soil, and can reduce the alkalinity of the matrix through the activity of the microorganisms.

The straw fiber (factor A), the organic fertilizer (factor C) and the water-retaining agent (factor E) are neutral, so that the pH value of the slope greening matrix cannot be obviously influenced.

Therefore, on the premise of ensuring that the slope greening matrix has enough strength, the use amount of cement is reduced as much as possible so as to reduce the pH value of the slope greening matrix; meanwhile, the dosage of the turfy soil can be properly increased, the physical property of the slope greening matrix can be improved, the pH value of the matrix can be effectively reduced, the pH value of the matrix can be adjusted, and the emergence and the growth of plants are facilitated.

Analysis of influence factors of organic matter content

According to the test results in table 4, the influence factors of the organic matter content in the landscaping substrate were subjected to range analysis to obtain fig. 8.

Comparative analysis fig. 8 can lead to the following conclusions:

the organic matter content of the slope greening matrix in the contrast test is 13.37g/Kg, which is far lower than that of the slope greening matrix in the test and is only 1/7-1/4 of the slope greening matrix in the contrast test. And different factors have larger difference on the influence of the organic matter content of the slope greening matrix.

The organic fertilizer (factor C) has the greatest influence on the organic matter content of the slope greening matrix. With the increase of the addition amount of the organic fertilizer, the organic matter content of the slope greening matrix is rapidly increased. When the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is horizontal 1, the organic matter content in the slope greening matrix is only 49.39g/Kg, and when the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is horizontal 5, the organic matter content in the slope greening matrix is 82.09g/Kg, which is increased by 32.70 g/Kg. The organic fertilizer used in the test has the organic matter content of 524.53g/Kg, which is more than 39 times of the organic matter content in phyllite, so that the organic matter content in the slope greening matrix can be effectively improved. The chicken manure organic fertilizer is rich in various nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and various organic acids, can provide comprehensive nutrition for plants, can promote the propagation of microorganisms in a slope greening matrix, and improves the physicochemical property and the biological activity of the matrix.

The influence of the turfy soil (factor D) on the organic matter content of the slope greening matrix is second to that of the organic fertilizer. When the addition amount of the turfy soil is horizontal 1, the organic matter content in the slope greening matrix is 59.20g/Kg, and when the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is horizontal 5, the organic matter content in the slope greening matrix is 74.29g/Kg, which is increased by 15.09 g/Kg. As the organic matter content of the peatmoss adopted in the test is 219.28g/Kg, which is 16.4 times of that of phyllite, the organic matter content in the slope greening matrix is increased along with the increase of the peatmoss.

The straw fiber (factor A) has little influence on the organic matter content of the slope greening matrix. The rice straw fiber adopted in the test has higher organic matter content, but the utilization rate of the plants is not high after long-term decomposition by microorganisms, the addition amount of the straw fiber is less, and the influence on the organic matter content of the slope greening matrix is not great. The organic matter content of the slope greening matrix with the straw fiber addition amount of level 5 is only increased by 4.94g/Kg compared with that with the addition amount of level 1. The cement (factor B) and water retention agent (factor E) have no significant effect on the organic matter content of the matrix.

Therefore, the addition amounts of the organic fertilizer and the turfy soil are properly increased, the slope greening matrix can be ensured to have sufficient organic matters, the fertility of the matrix material is improved, the physical properties of the matrix are improved, and the hydrothermal condition of the matrix is adjusted.

Analysis of influence factors of slope greening matrix nutrient characteristics

1. Analysis of influence factors of total nitrogen of slope greening matrix

According to the test results in table 4, the influence factors on the total nitrogen nutrient characteristics of the landslide greening matrix are subjected to range analysis, and a graph 9 is obtained.

Comparative analysis fig. 9 can yield:

the total nitrogen content of the slope greening matrix in the contrast test is 0.68g/Kg, which is slightly lower than that of the slope greening matrix in the test, and different factors have little influence on the total nitrogen content of the slope greening matrix.

The organic fertilizer (factor C) has the greatest influence on the total nitrogen content of the slope greening matrix. When the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is horizontal 1, the total nitrogen content in the slope greening matrix is 0.77 g/Kg; when the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is horizontal 5, the total nitrogen content in the slope greening matrix is 0.96g/Kg, the increase is 0.19g/Kg, and the increase is 24.7%. The total nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer adopted in the test is 3.33g/Kg, which is much higher than the total nitrogen contained in phyllite, so the addition of the organic fertilizer can greatly increase the total nitrogen content in the slope greening matrix.

The straw fiber (factor A) and the turfy soil (factor D) slightly increase the total nitrogen content in the slope greening matrix. The total nitrogen content of the substrate when the adding amount of the straw fiber and the turfy soil is level 5 is respectively increased by 0.04g/Kg and 0.03g/Kg compared with that when the adding amount is level 1. Although the nitrogen content in the rice straw fiber adopted in the test is large, the rice straw fiber is difficult to decompose and utilize in a short time, and the occupied mass ratio is not large, so the influence on the total nitrogen content of the slope greening matrix is low. The total nitrogen content of the turfy soil is only 1.12, and the turfy soil is not greatly different from that of phyllite and cannot greatly influence the total nitrogen content of the matrix.

The cement (factor B) has a certain negative influence on the total nitrogen content of the slope greening matrix. When the addition amount of the cement is level 2, the total nitrogen content of the matrix is the maximum; when the addition amount of cement continues to increase, the total nitrogen content of the matrix tends to decrease. The water retention agent (factor E) has little influence on the total nitrogen content of the matrix due to little change of the adding amount.

2. Analysis of influence factors of total phosphorus in slope greening matrix

According to the test results in table 4, the influence factors on the total nitrogen nutrient characteristics of the landslide greening matrix are subjected to range analysis, and a graph 10 is obtained.

Comparative analysis fig. 10 can yield:

the total phosphorus content of the slope greening matrix in the contrast test is 0.55g/Kg, which is obviously lower than that of the slope greening matrix in the test. Different factors have great influence on the total phosphorus content of the slope greening matrix.

The turfy soil (factor D) has the greatest influence on the total phosphorus content of the slope greening matrix. When the addition amount of the turfy soil is horizontal 1, the total phosphorus content in the slope greening matrix is 0.96 g/Kg; when the addition amount of the turfy soil is horizontal 5, the total phosphorus content in the slope greening matrix is 1.21g/Kg, the increase is 0.25g/Kg, and the increase is 26.0%. The total phosphorus content of the turfy soil adopted in the test is 3.65g/kg, which is nearly 7 times of the total phosphorus content in phyllite, and the addition amount of the turfy soil in each level is greatly changed, so that the increase of the turfy soil can greatly increase the total phosphorus content in the slope greening matrix.

The organic fertilizer (factor C) only affects the content of the total phosphorus of the slope greening matrix next to the turfy soil. When the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is level 5, the total phosphorus content of the matrix is increased by 0.20g/Kg compared with that of the matrix when the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is level 1. The total phosphorus content of the organic fertilizer adopted in the test is 4.13g/kg, which is slightly higher than that of the turfy soil, but the addition amount change of each level of horizontal organic fertilizer is small, so that the influence of the organic fertilizer on the total phosphorus content of the landslide greening matrix is high, but is slightly lower than that of the turfy soil.

The straw fiber (factor A) has little influence on the total phosphorus content of the slope greening matrix because the total phosphorus content of the straw fiber is not much different from that of phyllite. The cement (factor B) has a certain negative influence on the total phosphorus content of the slope greening matrix. The water retention agent (factor E) has little influence on the total phosphorus content of the matrix due to the extremely small addition amount change.

3. Analysis of influence factors of total potassium in slope greening matrix

According to the test results in table 4, the influence factors on the characteristics of the total potassium nutrients in the landscaping matrix are subjected to extreme difference analysis, and a graph 11 is obtained.

Comparative analysis fig. 11 can yield:

the total potassium content of the slope greening matrix in the contrast test is 23.76g/Kg, which is obviously higher than that of the slope greening matrix in the test, and the influence of various factors on the total potassium content of the slope greening matrix is approximately reduced.

The cement (factor B), the organic fertilizer (factor C) and the turfy soil (factor D) have obvious reduction tendency on the total potassium content of the slope greening matrix. Because the total potassium content of the organic fertilizer adopted in the test is 3.47g/kg, and the turfy soil is 4.98g/kg, the test method is much less than that of phyllite. With the increase of the respective contents of the substances, the potassium content of the slope greening matrix is reduced, but the potassium content of the slope greening matrix still belongs to a higher range, and the growth and development of plants are not influenced.

The straw fiber (factor A) and the water-retaining agent (factor E) have lower influence on the total potassium content of the slope greening matrix. Because the quality change of the straw fiber and the water-retaining agent is small, the influence on the total potassium content of the matrix is not obvious.

Therefore, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the slope greening matrix are improved by properly adjusting the addition amounts of the organic fertilizer and the turfy soil, and the nutrient environment of the matrix soil is improved.

In conclusion, the addition amount of cement should be reduced as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the slope greening matrix has enough strength, so as to prevent the alkalinity of the slope greening matrix from being too high; meanwhile, the addition amounts of the organic fertilizer and the turfy soil are increased, so that the alkalinity of the matrix can be effectively reduced, the contents of organic matters and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the matrix are improved, the activity of plants is favorably improved, and the emergence and growth of the plants are promoted.

Analysis of measurement results of plant emergence Rate

The emergence rate of the plants is the most intuitive evaluation on whether the ecological slope greening matrix is effective or not. The plant has early emergence and high emergence rate, which indicates that the physical indexes of the slope greening matrix such as porosity, water content and the like and the chemical indexes of pH value, organic matter content and the like are all suitable for the plant to sprout by breaking soil.

Analysis of influence results of slope greening substrate on emergence rate of festuca arundinacea

The pot culture test starts to plant grass seeds in 2019, 4 and 23 days, the grass seeds start to sprout in 30 days, and the emergence rates of the festuca arundinacea and the alfalfa are counted every day. And 5, 15 days after the 5 th month, the emergence rate reaches a stable state, and the influence of different factor levels of the slope greening substrate ratio on the plant emergence rate is analyzed.

According to the determination of the emergence rate of the plant seeds, the emergence rate characteristics of the festuca arundinacea are analyzed, and are shown in figure 12.

Comparative analysis fig. 12 can lead to the following conclusions:

the emergence rate of festuca arundinacea of the slope greening matrix in the contrast test is 55 percent. Compared with a control test, the emergence rate of the festuca arundinacea of each test substrate is increased to a certain extent, and the emergence rate of the festuca arundinacea is influenced by the levels of all factors.

In the figure, the influence of the straw fiber (factor A) on the emergence rate of the festuca arundinacea is increased firstly and then reduced, and when the addition amount of the straw fiber is 4%, the emergence rate of the festuca arundinacea reaches the maximum and is 79.2%. The structure of the slope greening matrix is improved due to the addition of the straw fibers, the physical properties of the slope greening matrix are changed, the porosity and the water content of the matrix are increased, the air permeability of the matrix is improved, convenience is provided for the respiration of the root system of the festuca arundinacea, and the germination and soil breaking of the festuca arundinacea seeds are facilitated. However, the straw fiber content is too large, so that the substrate is easily loosened, granules are difficult to form, the storage of water is not facilitated, and the emergence of the festuca arundinacea seeds is adversely affected.

The cement (factor B) has the largest influence on the emergence rate of the seeds of the festuca arundinacea, and the higher the addition amount of the cement is, the lower the emergence rate is. When the addition amount of the cement is horizontal 1, the emergence rate of the seeds of the tall fescue is 82.3 percent; when the addition amount of the cement is level 5, the emergence rate is reduced to 54.5 percent and reduced by 27.8 percent. The reason is that the increase of the cement content can obviously improve the pH value of the ecological slope greening matrix, and the pH value exceeds the optimal environment for the growth of the festuca arundinacea, so the emergence rate of the festuca arundinacea is seriously inhibited. Meanwhile, the cement can obviously change the structure of the ecological slope greening matrix, so that the hardness of the matrix is increased, the permeability of the matrix is reduced, and the emergence of seedlings of festuca arundinacea is further inhibited.

The organic fertilizer (factor C), the turfy soil (factor D) and the water-retaining agent (factor E) have less obvious influence on the emergence rate of the tall fescue seeds. In the initial stage of seed planting, the contents of organic matters and various nutrients in the slope greening matrix are all in a high state, so that the requirement of seed development is met, and meanwhile, the flowerpot is regularly and frequently watered in the initial stage of growth, so that the sufficient moisture of the matrix can be ensured. Therefore, the effects of the organic fertilizer, the turfy soil and the water-retaining agent are not obvious in the emergence stage of the festuca arundinacea plant seeds.

Analysis of influence result of slope greening substrate on emergence rate of alfalfa

The emergence rate characteristics of alfalfa were analyzed based on the determination of plant seed emergence rate, as shown in fig. 13.

Comparative analysis fig. 13 can lead to the following conclusions:

the emergence rate of alfalfa of the slope greening matrix in the contrast test is 78%. Compared with a control test, the emergence rate of alfalfa of each test substrate is reduced overall, and the emergence rate of alfalfa is influenced to a certain extent by the level of each factor.

In the figure, straw fiber (factor A) has a positive influence on the emergence rate of alfalfa seeds. When the addition amount of the straw fiber is horizontal 1, the emergence rate of the alfalfa seeds is 39.2%; and when the addition amount of the straw fiber reaches the level of 5, the emergence rate is 66%, and the emergence rate is increased by 26.8%. The structure of the slope greening matrix is improved due to the addition of the straw fibers, the physical properties of the slope greening matrix are changed, the porosity and the water content of the matrix are increased, and the air permeability of the matrix is improved. Meanwhile, the alfalfa is developed in root system, deep in soil, small in seeds, thin and weak in sprouts and poor in soil jacking capacity, so that the loose substrate with more straw fiber addition is more suitable for germination in the alfalfa.

The influence of the cement (factor B) on the emergence rate of the alfalfa seeds is the largest, and the higher the cement addition amount is, the lower the emergence rate is. When the addition amount of the cement is horizontal 1, the emergence rate of the alfalfa seeds is 72.8%; and when the addition amount of the cement is 5, the emergence rate is reduced to 32.2 percent and is reduced by 40.6 percent. The reason is that the pH value of the ecological slope greening substrate can be obviously improved due to the increase of the cement content, the pH value exceeds the optimal pH value for the growth of the alfalfa, and the emergence rate of the alfalfa is seriously inhibited. Meanwhile, the cement can obviously change the structure of the ecological slope greening matrix, the hardness of the matrix is increased, the permeability of the matrix is reduced, the root system dysplasia is caused, and the emergence of seedlings from the top soil of alfalfa seeds is not facilitated.

The turfy soil (factor D) also has a certain influence on the emergence rate of the alfalfa. The emergence rate of alfalfa is increased by 13.2% when the addition amount of the turfy soil is level 5 compared with that of alfalfa when the addition amount of the turfy soil is level 1. The turfy soil is loose, so that the porosity of the slope greening matrix can be improved, the water permeability of the matrix can be improved, more humic acid is contained, the acid-base balance of the slope greening matrix can be adjusted, and the germination rate of the alfalfa is improved.

The organic fertilizer (factor C) and the water-retaining agent (factor E) have less obvious influence on the emergence rate of the alfalfa seeds. In the initial stage of seed planting, the contents of organic matters and various nutrients in the slope greening matrix are in a high state, so that the requirement of seed development is met, and meanwhile, the flowerpot is watered regularly and frequently in the initial stage of growth, so that the sufficient moisture of the slope greening matrix can be ensured, and therefore, the effects of the organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are not obvious in the seedling stage of the alfalfa plant seeds.

Analysis of measurement results of plant growth height

The growth height of the plants is the most intuitive evaluation on whether the ecological slope greening substrate can support the growth of the plants for a long time. After the plants grow out of seedlings, the plants grow fast and grow high, and the organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient contents in the slope greening matrix are suitable for the growth of the plants.

The pot experiment starts to count the growth height of the plant at 1 day in 5 months, counts once every two weeks, counts to 10 days in 7 months, and analyzes the influence of different factor levels of the substrate ratio on the growth height of the plant.

Analysis of influence of slope greening substrate on growth height of tall fescue

The growth height characteristics of tall fescue were analyzed according to the measurement of the growth height of plant seeds at 10 days after 7 months, as shown in fig. 14.

Comparative analysis fig. 14 can lead to the following conclusions:

the growth height of tall fescue of the slope greening matrix of the control test is 195 mm. Compared with the control test, the growth height of the festuca arundinacea of each test matrix is improved on the whole, and the growth height of each test matrix is influenced to a certain extent by the level of each factor.

The influence of the straw fiber (factor A) on the growth height of the festuca arundinacea is increased firstly and then reduced, when the addition amount of the straw fiber is level 4, the growth height of the festuca arundinacea reaches the maximum, 323mm, and the growth height of the festuca arundinacea is 224mm and is increased by 44.2 percent relative to the case that the addition amount of the straw fiber is level 1. However, as the addition of straw fiber continues to increase, the growth height of festuca arundinacea tends to decrease. The straw fiber can improve the physical structure of the greening substrate of the base side slope, increase the porosity of the greening substrate, facilitate the respiration of the root system of the plant, promote the plant to be in a balanced state of solid, liquid and gas, accelerate the growth speed of the greening substrate, and simultaneously, the larger porosity of the greening substrate is favorable for accelerating the circulation of water in the substrate, accelerating the dissipation of the alkalinity of the substrate and reducing the inhibition of the alkalinity to the growth of the plant. In addition, the straw fiber is fermented in the plant growth process and converted into organic matters which can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, and the growth of the plants is facilitated. However, the excessive straw fibers cause the matrix to be too loose, the nutrients in the slope greening matrix are easy to lose, and the root system of the tall fescue can be firmly tied and is easy to topple.

The cement (factor B) has a strong inhibiting effect on the growth height of the festuca arundinacea. When the addition amount of the cement is level 1, the growth height of the tall fescue is 325.2mm, and when the addition amount of the cement is level 5, the growth height of the tall fescue is only 183.4mm, which is reduced by 43.6%. The reason is that the increase of the cement content not only leads to the increase of the alkalinity of the slope greening matrix and seriously hinders the growth and development of the festuca arundinacea, but also increases the hardness of the matrix and influences the growth of roots.

The organic fertilizer (factor C), the turfy soil (factor D) and the water-retaining agent (factor E) also have certain influence on the growth height of the tall fescue. The organic fertilizer and the turfy soil are stable organic matters and nutrients of the festuca arundinacea in the whole growth and development period of the festuca arundinacea, and meanwhile, the turfy soil is loose in structure, more in pores, contains various humic acid and microorganisms, and can promote the growth and development of plants. The water-retaining agent can guarantee that the matrix contains sufficient moisture in the vegetation in-process, can absorb water fast when the water content is great in the slope afforestation matrix, reduces the infiltration and the loss of moisture, can release moisture when the matrix water content is less, reduces the influence of drought to the growth of tall fescue.

Analysis of influence of slope greening substrate on growth height of alfalfa

The growth height characteristics of alfalfa were analyzed based on the determination of the growth height of the plant seeds, as shown in FIG. 15.

Fig. 15 was comparatively analyzed to reach the following conclusions:

the alfalfa growth height of the slope greening matrix in the control experiment is 82 mm. The influence degree of each factor level on the growth height of the alfalfa is different on the whole.

The straw fiber (factor A) and the turfy soil (factor D) have a very positive effect on the growth height of the alfalfa. When the addition amount of the straw fiber is horizontal 1, the growing height of the alfalfa is 64 mm; when the addition amount of the straw fiber is level 5, the growth height of the alfalfa reaches 126.6 mm, the growth amount is 62.6mm, and the growth is increased by 97.8%. When the addition amount of the turfy soil is horizontal 1, the growing height of the alfalfa is 65.6 mm; when the addition amount of the turfy soil is level 5, the growth height of the alfalfa reaches 128.4mm, the growth amount is 62.8mm, and the growth is increased by 95.7%. Because the alfalfa roots are developed and deeply buried, the alfalfa roots are favored to loosen soil, the straw fiber and the turf soil can obviously improve the physical structure of the slope greening matrix, increase the porosity of the slope greening matrix, promote the slope greening matrix to be in a solid, liquid and gas balanced state and accelerate the growth speed of the slope greening matrix; meanwhile, the turfy soil contains a large amount of organic matters, so that necessary nutrients can be provided for the growth of the alfalfa, and the straw fibers can be fermented in the growing period of the alfalfa and converted into the organic matters which can be directly absorbed and utilized by the alfalfa, so that the growth speed of the alfalfa is facilitated.

The cement (factor B) has a large inhibiting effect on the growth height of the alfalfa. When the addition amount of the cement is horizontal 1, the growth height of the alfalfa is 138 mm; when the addition amount of the straw fiber is horizontal 5, the growth height of the alfalfa is only 53.2mm, the reduction amount is 84.8mm, and the reduction amount is 61.4%. The alkalinity of the slope greening matrix is obviously increased due to the increase of the cement, and the alfalfa has high requirements on the acidity and alkalinity of the growing environment, so that the alfalfa grows slowly; meanwhile, the cement increases the strength of the slope greening matrix, the root system of the alfalfa is developed, but the soil jacking capacity is poor, and the hardening of the matrix causes the root system of the alfalfa to be hindered from growing, so that the growth height is influenced.

The influence of the organic fertilizer (factor C) on the growth height of the alfalfa is increased firstly and then reduced, when the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is level 4, the growth height of the alfalfa reaches the maximum value which is 116.2mm, and is 27.6mm higher than that of the alfalfa when the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is level 1, and the increase is 31.2%. The organic fertilizer can provide required organic matters and nutrients in the whole growth and development period of the alfalfa, and meanwhile, the organic fertilizer contains more microorganisms, so that the alkaline condition of the slope greening matrix can be improved, and the continuous growth of the alfalfa is facilitated.

The water-retaining agent (factor E) can guarantee that the matrix contains sufficient moisture in the plant growth process, can absorb water fast when the water content is great in the slope greening matrix, reduces the infiltration and the loss of moisture, can release moisture when the matrix water content is less, reduces the influence of drought to alfalfa growth.

Screening of optimal slope greening matrix proportion

And determining the optimal proportion of the ecological slope greening matrix by utilizing a comprehensive grading method according to the analysis result. The comprehensive scoring method is mainly a method for reflecting a plurality of index results by using one index result, and the key point of the method is scoring, and the scoring must reflect the advantages, disadvantages and importance of each index. The scoring methods of the comprehensive scoring method can be classified into a queuing scoring method and a comprehensive weighting scoring method.

Queuing scoring method

The queuing scoring method is a simple and practical scoring method which comprehensively considers the quality of the influence of each index of the slope greening matrix proportion on the test result, gives a scoring value by sequencing, and performs data analysis by taking the scoring value as a single index. The method sets the optimal value of each index influencing the result to 10 points of full score, sets the worst value to 1 point of lowest score, and interpolates other values according to the proportional relation between the other values and the optimal value and the worst value. For example, for the index of emergence rate of festuca arundinacea, the higher the emergence rate is, the better the slope greening matrix is, the emergence rate of the number 16 is 83%, which is the optimal number and is given by 10; the rate of emergence of number 5 was 42.5%, which was the lowest, and was given 1 point; the seedling emergence rate of the No. 25 is 50%, and is calculated according to an interpolation method and is given to 2.67 points. For the pH value index, the slope greening matrix tends to be neutral, namely the pH value is closer to 7 and better, the pH value of the number 11 is 7.62, which is optimal and is given by 10 points; the pH value of the number 20 is 9.89, which is the worst and is given by 1; the pH of No. 25 was 9.74, which was assigned a score of 1.59 by interpolation. The results of the worst analysis by the queue scale method are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6 extremely poor analysis results of queuing scoring method

The test number is 17, the comprehensive score is 124.51 points, and the optimal proportion of the ecological slope greening matrix in the test is A₄B₂C₅D₃E₁Namely 4 percent of straw fiber, 6 percent of cement, 5 percent of organic fertilizer, 10 percent of turfy soil and 0.05 percent of water-retaining agent. According to the range analysis results in Table 6, the influencing factors can be divided into straw fiber, cement, turfy soil, organic fertilizer and water-retaining agent from strong to weak, and the preferred ratio is A₄B₂C₄D₅E₂Namely 4 percent of straw fiber, 6 percent of cement, 5 percent of organic fertilizer, 14 percent of turfy soil and 0.1 percent of water-retaining agent.

Comprehensive weighting scoring method

The comprehensive weighting scoring method is to calculate the comprehensive score of each test result by using a formula containing the weighting coefficient of each index. The magnitude of the weighting coefficient is determined by the degree of importance of the index. The calculation formula is as follows:

in the formula:

-a composite score;

-the ith index weight coefficient;

-the ith index score.

The weight of physical index is 20%, the weight of chemical index is 20%, the index of emergence rate is 30%, and the index of growth height is 30%. Weighting coefficient in the physical index: 25% of volume weight, 15% of total porosity, 15% of saturated water content, 20% of capillary porosity, 20% of field maximum water holding capacity and 5% of non-capillary porosity. Weight coefficient in chemical index: 25% of organic matter, 15% of total nitrogen, 15% of total phosphorus, 5% of total potassium and 40% of pH value. Weight values in plant emergence rate: the emergence rate of the festuca arundinacea is 60 percent, and the emergence rate of the alfalfa is 40 percent. Weight in plant growth height: the growth height of the tall fescue is 60 percent, and the growth height of the alfalfa is 40 percent. And giving out the basic scores of all indexes according to a queuing scoring method. The overall weighted score results for each index are shown in table 7, and the range analysis results of the overall weighted score method are shown in table 8.

TABLE 7 comprehensive weighted scoring method scoring result data sheet

TABLE 8 results of range analysis by comprehensive weighted scoring method

As is apparent from Table 7, the overall score for this trial number 17 was the highest, 8.86 points, trialThe optimal proportion of the ecological slope greening matrix in the experiment is A₄B₂C₅D₃E₁Namely 4 percent of straw fiber, 6 percent of cement, 6 percent of organic fertilizer, 10 percent of turfy soil and 0.05 percent of water-retaining agent. According to the range analysis results in table 8, the influencing factors can be divided into cement, straw fiber, turfy soil, organic fertilizer and water-retaining agent from strong to weak, wherein the influence of the cement on the slope greening matrix is negative, the more the cement is added, the worse the slope greening matrix is, the straw fiber, turfy soil, organic fertilizer and water-retaining agent are positive, and the preferable ratio is A₄B₂C₄D₄E₄Namely 4 percent of straw fiber, 6 percent of cement, 5 percent of organic fertilizer, 12 percent of turfy soil and 0.2 percent of water-retaining agent.

The straw fiber and the turfy soil have the greatest influence on the physical indexes of the slope greening matrix, the addition amount of the straw fiber and the turfy soil is properly increased, the porosity and the water content of the base material can be effectively increased, the volume weight of the slope protection base is reduced, and the plant growth condition of the slope protection base material can be improved.

The influence of cement on the pH value in the chemical index of the slope protection substrate is the largest, the cement addition amount is higher, the pH value is larger, the plant growth is not facilitated, and the addition amount of cement is reduced as far as possible on the premise that the slope protection substrate has enough strength, so that the alkalinity of the slope protection substrate is prevented from being too strong. Meanwhile, the addition amounts of the organic fertilizer and the turfy soil can be properly increased, the alkalinity of the base material can be effectively reduced, the organic matter content and the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like of the base material are improved, the plant activity is favorably improved, and the emergence and growth of plants are promoted.

The straw fiber and the turfy soil have a positive influence on the emergence and growth of plants, and the cement has a strong negative influence on the emergence and growth of plants.

Finally determining the optimal proportion of the slope protection base material as A by utilizing a comprehensive grading method₄B₂C₄D₄E₄Namely 4 percent of straw fiber, 6 percent of cement, 5 percent of organic fertilizer, 12 percent of turfy soil and 0.2 percent of water-retaining agent.

The used cement is common 42.5# Portland cement, the garden balsam water-retaining agent is purchased as the water-retaining agent, and other materials are common natural materials which are obtained from local materials.

According to the invention, phyllite, straw fiber, cement, organic fertilizer, turfy soil, water-retaining agent and the like are selected and combined into ecological slope greening matrix according to different proportions, and ecological slope pioneer plants are selected according to the characteristics of the vegetation in southern Shaanxi for carrying out potted plant planting tests.

The slope greening matrix formed by matching the components can effectively increase the porosity and the water content of the slope greening matrix, simultaneously reduce the volume weight of the slope greening matrix, improve the plant growth conditions of the slope greening matrix, improve the organic matter and the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like of the matrix, be favorable for improving the plant activity and promote the emergence and growth of plants.

According to the invention, phyllite gravels are selected as native planting soil, so that the three-phase distribution of the slope greening matrix is more reasonable, and the slope greening matrix can be integrated with local soil; aiming at the characteristics of phyllite side slopes in mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi, local phyllite is used as a main material of a greening substrate of the side slopes, local materials are used, and the transportation cost of the materials is favorably reduced; meanwhile, phyllite is rich in potassium element for plant growth, which is beneficial to vegetation growth.

The straw fiber selected by the invention has good connection performance and stronger shear resistance and tensile strength, and the shear strength of the matrix can be improved by properly adding the straw fiber; the straw fiber can be used as a pore-forming material, so that the volume weight and ventilation conditions of the matrix are improved, the respiration of the plant root system and the growth of microorganisms in the matrix soil are facilitated, and the damaged roots are prevented; after being decomposed, a large amount of organic matters and available nutrients can be released, and the growth of plants and the activity of microorganisms can be effectively promoted.

The cement selected by the invention can improve the strength of the matrix and solve the stability problem of the matrix on the side slope; the cohesiveness, the adhesiveness and the plasticity of the matrix are improved through the synergistic effect of the adhesive and the straw fibers; can improve the rainwater erosion resistance of the matrix and reduce water and soil loss during rainfall.

The organic fertilizer selected by the invention contains a large amount of organic matters, so that the content of the organic matters in the slope greening matrix can be increased; the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting chicken manure at high temperature, retains beneficial components therein, and can enhance the reproduction of microorganisms in the slope greening matrix; the organic fertilizer can improve the physicochemical property of the matrix and promote the absorption and utilization of plants.

The turfy soil selected by the invention is fluffy, the physicochemical property of the matrix can be improved, and the porosity and ventilation condition of the matrix are improved; the turfy soil contains more humic acid, has stronger adsorption capacity, can increase the granular structure of the matrix and simultaneously reduce the alkalinity of the matrix; the turfy soil contains more organic matters, so that the organic matter content in the matrix can be increased, and the growth and development of plants are facilitated.

The water-retaining agent selected by the invention is a high molecular polymer, is not easy to dissolve in water, has water absorption capacity about hundred times of the self weight, and has stronger water-retaining property; the main function of the water-retaining agent is to supplement the water in the matrix through water absorption and release, and simultaneously, the water-retaining agent also has the function of improving the physical structure of the matrix, when the water-retaining agent is used together with the fertilizer, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the cost of using the fertilizer for the matrix can be reduced, and the water-retaining agent mainly plays a role in compensating the deficiency of deep water in the matrix soil caused by the reduction of rainfall and watering in the growth stage after the plant seedlings emerge.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A slope greening matrix prepared from phyllite gravels is characterized in that: the special fertilizer is composed of phyllite broken stones, straw fibers, cement, organic fertilizer, turfy soil and a water-retaining agent, wherein the components in parts by weight are as follows: 100 parts of phyllite crushed stone, 1-5 parts of straw fiber, 4-12 parts of cement, 2-6 parts of organic fertilizer, 6-14 parts of turfy soil and 0.05-0.25 part of water-retaining agent.

2. The slope greening substrate prepared from phyllite gravels as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the weight parts of the components are as follows: 100 parts of phyllite crushed stone, 2-4 parts of straw fiber, 6-10 parts of cement, 3-5 parts of organic fertilizer, 8-12 parts of turfy soil and 0.1-0.2 part of water-retaining agent.

3. The slope greening substrate prepared from phyllite gravels as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the weight parts of the components are as follows: 100 parts of phyllite broken stone, 4 parts of straw fiber, 6 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 12 parts of turfy soil and 0.2 part of water-retaining agent.

4. The substrate for greening side slopes prepared from phyllite gravels according to claim 3, wherein: the particle size of the phyllite crushed stone is 1cm, and the total potassium content in the phyllite crushed stone is 23-25 g/kg.

5. The substrate for greening side slopes prepared from phyllite gravels according to claim 3, wherein: the straw fiber is selected from rice straw fiber, the length of the straw fiber is 1-2 cm, the content of organic matters in the rice straw fiber is 445-455 g/kg, the content of total nitrogen is 6-7 g/kg, the content of total phosphorus is 1-2 g/kg, and the content of total potassium is 8-9 g/kg.

6. The substrate for greening side slopes prepared from phyllite gravels according to claim 3, wherein: the cement is selected from 42.5# Portland cement.

7. The substrate for greening side slopes prepared from phyllite gravels according to claim 3, wherein: the organic fertilizer is selected from chicken manure organic fertilizer, wherein the organic matter content of the chicken manure organic fertilizer is 520-525 g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 3-4 g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 4-5 g/kg, and the total potassium content is 3-4 g/kg.

8. The substrate for greening side slopes prepared from phyllite gravels according to claim 3, wherein: the turfy soil is selected from acid turfy soil, the pH value of the acid turfy soil is 4-5, the content of organic matters in the acid turfy soil is 218-220 g/kg, the content of total nitrogen is 1-2 g/kg, the content of total phosphorus is 3-4 g/kg, and the content of total potassium is 4-5 g/kg.

9. The substrate for greening side slopes prepared from phyllite gravels according to claim 3, wherein: the water retaining agent is selected from 100-mesh high molecular water-absorbent resin.

10. A method for preparing a slope greening matrix prepared from phyllite gravels according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: