CN113364405B - Single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket anti-shadow system based on double-battery-plate differential detection - Google Patents
Single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket anti-shadow system based on double-battery-plate differential detection Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a single-axis tracking support anti-shadow control system based on differential detection of double battery plates, which comprises a photovoltaic tracking controller containing an MCU, two self-powered photovoltaic cell plates with the same parameters, wherein the two self-powered photovoltaic cell plates are respectively arranged on two sides of the tracking support and are used as shielding detection sensors when the tracking controller is powered, when the tracking supports are shielded with each other at a lower solar altitude angle, the tracking controller can detect shadow shielding through the input energy difference of the two self-powered photovoltaic cell plates and perform anti-shadow actions, so that the influence of the shadow is avoided. The invention solves the power supply problem of the photovoltaic tracking bracket and the closed loop detection problem of the shading at the same time, thereby achieving the purposes of simplifying the construction debugging of the single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket and improving the accuracy and the reliability of the anti-shading control system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sun tracking devices, and relates to a single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket anti-shadow system based on double-battery-plate differential detection.
Background
The tracking type photovoltaic bracket is special equipment for bearing the photovoltaic cell panel and tracking the movement of the sun to improve the power generation amount of the photovoltaic cell panel. Tracking photovoltaic brackets having a rotational axis that tracks sun movement in only one direction are known as uniaxial photovoltaic tracking brackets. The array type densely-installed single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket can shield the lower part of the rear tracking bracket when the solar altitude is relatively low in the morning and evening. The shaded area formed by shading can appear on the surface of the lower cell panel of the shaded photovoltaic tracking bracket due to the fact that no direct sunlight exists.
And each photovoltaic cell panel assembly and each photovoltaic cell panel in the photovoltaic cell panel assembly adopt a series structure, and a high-voltage direct current power supply is formed through series connection. In the high-voltage photovoltaic assembly string, the shielded battery pieces cannot generate power, and can become energy-consuming loads of other battery pieces, so that the overall power generation output of the photovoltaic assembly string is seriously affected. Therefore, in the tracking angle control process of the single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket, the tracking controller is required to switch to a control method for reducing the tracking angle and avoiding shadow shielding in the working period when shadow shielding possibly occurs. This control method is colloquially referred to as "anti-shadow control".
The traditional single-axis photovoltaic tracking support anti-shadow control is an open-loop control system, the controller does not perform feedback detection on whether the tracking support is shaded or not, whether the shadow is generated or not is calculated by a mathematical derivation method, and anti-shadow control is performed according to a calculation result.
According to a traditional single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support anti-shadow control system, on-site debugging personnel are required to manually set the distance D and the height difference H parameters between rotating shafts of the tracking supports according to actual measurement results. Then in the back shadow time period, a tracking controller calculates a target angle of a rotating shaft of the tracking bracket, which does not generate shadow, in an open loop mode according to the incident height angle of the sun rays and the width L of the tracking bracket, and then the rotating shaft is controlled to the target angle to realize the back shadow control.
The problem of the traditional anti-shadow control system is that the workload of on-site installation and setting of the parameters of the rotation axis distance D and the height difference H of the tracking bracket is large, and the complexity of equipment installation and debugging is increased. Meanwhile, large-scale manual measurement is easy to be wrong, and especially in sloping fields and hilly areas, the accuracy of manual measurement of the distance D between the rotating shafts and the height difference H is difficult to ensure. Because of no closed-loop detection means, once the control parameters of the traditional open-loop anti-shadow control system are set inaccurately, the effect of the anti-shadow is directly influenced, or shadow is formed to obviously influence the generated energy, or land resources are wasted, and solar radiation energy cannot be fully received.
The controller of the photovoltaic tracking bracket needs an external working power supply, and the working power supply can be selected from various sources, including centralized power supply of an external power grid power supply, high-voltage serial power supply, self-powered independent battery boards and the like. The self-power of the independent battery panel means that a small special-purpose photovoltaic battery panel separated from a power grid is installed near the photovoltaic tracking controller to provide power for the photovoltaic tracking controller. Because the power supply does not depend on a power grid, the power supply mode is called independent photovoltaic cell panel self-power supply.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support anti-shadow system based on double-battery-plate differential detection, and simultaneously solves the power supply problem of the photovoltaic tracking support and the closed loop detection problem of shading, so that the purposes of simplifying the construction debugging of the single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support and improving the accuracy and reliability of an anti-shadow control system are achieved.
The technical scheme includes that the single-axis photovoltaic tracking support shadow-reflecting system based on double-panel differential detection comprises a photovoltaic tracking controller and an electric driver which is electrically connected with the photovoltaic tracking controller, wherein the electric driver is arranged on a rotating shaft of the single-axis photovoltaic tracking support and drives the rotating shaft to rotate, a plurality of main power generation photovoltaic cell panels are arranged on the rotating shaft in an array mode, a left self-power photovoltaic cell panel and a right self-power photovoltaic cell panel are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of an installation gap between any two adjacent main power generation photovoltaic cell panels, the electrical parameters of the left self-power photovoltaic cell panel and the right self-power photovoltaic cell panel are identical, the left edge of the left self-power photovoltaic cell panel is aligned with the left edge of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel array, and the right edge of the right self-power photovoltaic cell panel is electrically connected with the photovoltaic tracking controller;
The photovoltaic tracking controller comprises an MCU processor, a left input electric energy detection device and a right input electric energy detection device which are electrically connected with the MCU processor, wherein the left input electric energy detection device and the right input electric energy detection device are respectively electrically connected with a left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel and a right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel, and the MCU processor is electrically connected with an electric driver.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
setting a detection threshold value, under the condition of no shielding, theoretically the generated energy of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel and the generated energy of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel are the same, when one of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is shielded, the energy received by the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is different, after the difference reaches the set detection threshold value, an MCU (micro control unit) processor in a photovoltaic tracking controller can judge that the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel or the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel with smaller output energy is shielded, and the photovoltaic tracking controller outputs an electric signal to control an electric driver, and drives a rotating shaft to drive the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel and the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel carried by the electric driver to track the sun until the difference is smaller than the set detection threshold value.
The front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support are arranged in the photovoltaic power generation array, the rotating shafts of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support are parallel to each other, the horizontal distance between the two rotating shafts is H, in a tracking period with a lower solar altitude angle, the upper edge of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel array on the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support can shield the solar incident light projected to the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support, a shielding area is formed at the lower part of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel array of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support, when shielding occurs, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel at the lower part of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support is partially shielded, the output energy of the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is reduced, and after the difference reaches a set detection threshold, the photovoltaic cell panel at the left side of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support can be detected, and then the photovoltaic cell panel at the rear row single-axis tracking support can be controlled by the photovoltaic tracking controller of the rear row single-axis tracking support to rotate until the left side self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is not corresponding to the set threshold value of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel.
When the incident angle of the sun is theta 1 The rotation angles of the front-back row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket and the back row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket are alpha respectively 1 And alpha 2 When the rear single-axis photovoltaic tracking support is in a closed state, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is partially closed, the output energy is reduced, after the photovoltaic tracking controller of the rear single-axis photovoltaic tracking support detects the closed state, the left edge and the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel of the tracker are lifted by a method of driving the rotation axis to move horizontally through the electric driver, the shadow is avoided, and when the angle of the rear single-axis photovoltaic tracking support is formed by alpha 2 Run to beta 2 And then, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is separated from shadow shielding, the difference value between the output energy of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel and the output energy of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is restored to be within a permissible threshold value, the photovoltaic tracking controller can judge that the tracking bracket is separated from shadow shielding, and the system completes anti-shadow control.
The photovoltaic tracking controller further comprises a controller communication interface, the controller communication interface is electrically connected with the MCU processor, the controller communication interfaces of the plurality of single-shaft photovoltaic tracking supports are connected through the communication interfaces, and each photovoltaic tracking controller obtains the working angle of the adjacent single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support through the controller communication interface.
The MCU processor of the photovoltaic tracking controller realizes the calculation of the installation distance H and the height difference D between the front and back row single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets through the width L of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel, the incident angle theta of the solar rays, the tracking angle alpha of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket and the working angle beta of the back row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket which is separated from shadow shielding, and the conversion calculation formula between physical quantities is as follows:
the method is divided into the following three cases:
case one: level land installation H is unknown
The heights of the rotating shafts of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket are the same, namely the height difference D=0, and the width of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel is the known length L, so that the distance H between the rotating shafts of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket is calculated according to the incidence angle theta of sunlight lines, the tracking angle alpha of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket and the working angle beta of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket, which are separated from shadow shielding, and the formula is as follows:
and a second case: slope installation H is known
The distance H between the rotating shafts of the front row single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket and the rear row single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket is known, and then the height difference D of the rotating shafts of the front row single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket and the rear row single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket is calculated according to the incident angle theta of the sun rays, the tracking angle alpha of the front row single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket and the working angle beta of the rear row single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket, which are separated from shadow shielding, specifically:
If D is positive, the position of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket is low, and if D is negative, the position of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket is high;
and a third case: the installation of sloping fields H and D is unknown
When the distance H and the height difference D between the rotating shafts of the front row single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support and the rear row single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support are unknown, the height difference D and the distance H between the rotating shafts of the front row single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support and the rear row single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support are calculated according to the incident angle theta of the sun rays, the tracking angle alpha of the front row single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support and the working angle beta of the rear row single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support, which are separated from shadow shielding: and establishing an equation for simultaneous solving under two working angles.
And thirdly, increasing the number of anti-shadow simultaneous equations under different sun incidence angles theta, and solving the numerical values of the height difference D and the distance H of the rotating shafts of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket by a least square method.
The frame widths of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel are smaller than those of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel, and the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is shielded when shielding occurs.
Be provided with between two arbitrary adjacent main electricity generation photovoltaic cell boards with the perpendicular panel slide of rotation axis, the both sides of two self-powered photovoltaic cell boards slidable mounting respectively in the left and right sides of panel slide, the panel slide is provided with keeps off the position part for the slip scope of restriction self-powered photovoltaic cell board, under the restriction of keeping off the position part, left side self-powered photovoltaic cell board and right side self-powered photovoltaic cell board can be to the one section distance of setting that sideslips of main electricity generation photovoltaic cell board, when inwards sliding, the outer edge of self-powered photovoltaic cell board aligns with the outer edge of main electricity generation photovoltaic cell board, perhaps slides into within the outer edge of main electricity generation photovoltaic cell board.
The left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel are arranged between any two adjacent main power generation photovoltaic cell panels or at the tail end of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel array.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention combines the power supply problem and the shading shadow detection problem of the photovoltaic tracking bracket controller, simplifies the system structure, prevents the anti-shading control failure caused by inaccurate working parameter setting by real-time shading shadow detection, and improves the reliability of the anti-shading control of the system.
According to the invention, through the communication interface of the tracker, the adjacent trackers can exchange working angle information, and then the distance and the height difference parameters of the trackers are calculated through the incident angle of the sun and the tracker angle when the sun is separated from the shadow, and based on the actually measured installation parameters, the tracker can also realize accurate active anti-shadow control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket back-shading system based on differential detection of double panels;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a single axis photovoltaic tracking bracket back shadow system based on dual panel differential detection of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of shadow forming principle and shadow detection of a front row and a rear row of tracking supports of a single-axis photovoltaic tracking support back shadow system based on double-panel differential detection;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the back shadow control of a single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket based on differential detection of double battery plates, wherein the back shadow control system of the single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket is installed on the horizontal ground at equal heights;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the back row photovoltaic tracking bracket back shadow control of the single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket back shadow system based on double-panel differential detection in the invention on unequal high slopes;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket back-shading system based on differential detection of double battery plates for controlling back-shading of photovoltaic tracking brackets at front and rear rows of different high-slope lands;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the sliding installation of a self-powered photovoltaic cell panel in a single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket back-shading system based on differential detection of double cell panels.
In the figure, a photovoltaic tracking controller 1, an electric driver 3, a left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4, a right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 5, a single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket 6, solar incident rays 7, a shielding area 7 and a gear component 8;
101. the left side input electric energy detection device, 102, the right side input electric energy detection device, 103, the controller communication interface;
510. the rotating shaft, 520, the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel, 521, the left edge, 522, the right edge, 530, the electric Chi Ban slideway;
5-1, a front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket and 5-2, a rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention discloses a single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket back shadow system based on double-panel differential detection, which is structurally shown in fig. 1 and comprises a photovoltaic tracking controller 1 and an electric driver 2 electrically connected with the photovoltaic tracking controller 1, wherein the electric driver 2 is arranged on a rotating shaft 510 of a single-shaft photovoltaic tracking bracket 5 and drives the rotating shaft 510 to rotate, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of main power generation photovoltaic panels 520 are arranged on the rotating shaft 510 in an array manner, the outputs of the main power generation photovoltaic panels 520 are mutually connected together, the output electric energy of the main power generation photovoltaic panels is transmitted to a power grid after being converted by an inverter, a left self-powered photovoltaic panel 3 and a right self-powered photovoltaic panel 4 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side between any two adjacent main power generation photovoltaic panels 520, the electric parameters of the left self-powered photovoltaic panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic panel 4 are the same, the left edge of the left self-powered photovoltaic panel 3 is aligned with the left edge of the main power generation photovoltaic panel 520 array, the right edge of the right self-powered photovoltaic panel 4 is aligned with the right edge 522 of the main power generation photovoltaic panel 520 array, the left self-powered photovoltaic panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic panel is connected to the solar panel through the power supply controller 1, and the self-powered photovoltaic panel 4 is used for collecting the electric energy of the solar energy through the solar tracking controller;
The photovoltaic tracking controller 1 comprises an MCU processor, a left input electric energy detection device 101 and a right input electric energy detection device 102 which are electrically connected with the MCU processor, the left input electric energy detection device 101 and the right input electric energy detection device 102 are respectively electrically connected with a left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and a right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4, and the MCU processor is electrically connected with an electric driver 2.
Setting a detection threshold value, under the condition of no shielding, theoretically, the generated energy of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the generated energy of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 are the same, the difference value of energy signals output by the left input electric energy detection device 101 and the right input electric energy detection device 102 to the MCU processor is approximately zero, when one of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 or the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 is shielded, the difference value of the energy received by the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 occurs, after the difference value reaches the set detection threshold value, the MCU processor in the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 can judge that the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 or the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 with smaller output energy is shielded, the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 outputs an electric signal to control the electric driver 2, and the electric driver 2 drives the rotating shaft 510 to track the solar cell panel 520 and the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 until the difference value is smaller than the set detection threshold value.
As shown in fig. 3, a front single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1 and a rear single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 are installed in the photovoltaic power generation array, the rotation axes 510 of the front single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1 and the rear single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 are parallel to each other, the interval between the two rotation axes 510 is H, the upper edge of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 array on the front single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1 can shield the incident solar ray 6 projected onto the rear single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 in the tracking period with a lower solar altitude angle, a shielding area 7 is formed at the lower part of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 array of the rear single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2, and when shielding occurs, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 at the lower part of the rear single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 is partially shielded, the output energy is reduced, the electric energy difference between two paths of energy detection devices in the tracking controller 1 of the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 is increased, after the difference reaches a set detection threshold, the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 of the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 can detect that the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is shielded, and then the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 of the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 controls the electric driver 2 to drive the rotating shaft 510 to rotate until the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 array of the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 is not shielded, namely, the output energy difference value of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 corresponding to the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 is smaller than the set detection threshold; as shown in the figure 3 of the drawings, the left photovoltaic cell panel rotates to a lower position, and for a flat single shaft arranged in the north-south direction of the rotating shaft 510, the tracker gesture changes along with the position of the sun, so that the left photovoltaic cell panel also rotates to a high position, and the right photovoltaic cell panel rotates to a low position, and at the moment, the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 is shielded.
As shown in FIG. 4, when the incident solar ray 6 has an angle θ 1 The rotation angles of the front-back row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1 and the back row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 are respectively alpha 1 And alpha 2 In the process, a shielding area 7 is formed at the lower part of the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support 5-2, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is partially shielded, the output energy is reduced, and after shielding is detected by the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 of the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support 5-2, the method that the rotary shaft 510 is driven to move in the horizontal direction by the electric driver 2The left edge 521 of the tracker is lifted and the position of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is lifted, the shadow shielding is avoided, as shown in fig. 4, when the angle of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 is formed by alpha 2 Run to beta 2 And then, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is separated from shadow shielding, the difference value between the output energy of the photovoltaic cell panel and the output energy of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 is restored to be within a permissible threshold, and the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 can judge that the tracking bracket is separated from shadow shielding, so that the system completes anti-shadow control.
As shown in fig. 1, the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 further includes a controller communication interface 103, the controller communication interface 103 is electrically connected with the MCU processor, the controller communication interfaces 103 of two adjacent single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets 5 are connected through the communication interfaces, and each photovoltaic tracking controller 1 obtains the working angle of the adjacent single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5 through the controller communication interface 103.
The MCU processor of the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 realizes the calculation of the installation distance H and the height difference D between the front row and the rear row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets 5 through the width L of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520, the incident angle theta of the solar rays, the tracking angle alpha of the front row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets 5-1 and the working angle beta of the rear row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets 5-2 which are separated from shadow shielding, and the conversion calculation formula between physical quantities is as follows:
the method is divided into the following three cases:
case one: flat ground installation
As shown in fig. 4, the heights of the rotation axes 510 of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1 and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 are the same, that is, the height difference d=0, and the width of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 is the known length L, and then the distance H between the rotation axes 510 of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1 and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 is calculated according to the incident angle θ of the solar ray, the tracking angle α of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1, and the working angle β of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2, which are separated from the shadow, as follows:
and a second case: slope installation
As shown in fig. 5, if the distance H between the rotation axes 510 of the front-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1 and the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 is known, the height difference D between the rotation axes 510 of the front-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1 and the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 is calculated according to the incident angle θ of the solar ray, the tracking angle α of the front-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1, and the working angle β of the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2, which are out of the shadow, specifically:
If D is positive, the position of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 is low, and if D is negative, the position of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 is high;
and a third case: slope installation
As shown in fig. 5, when the distance H and the height difference D between the rotation axes 510 of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1 and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 are unknown, the height difference D and the distance H between the rotation axes 510 of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1 and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 are calculated according to the incident angle θ of the solar ray, the tracking angle α of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1, and the working angle β of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2, which are shielded from the shadow: and establishing an equation for simultaneous solving under two working angles.
In the third case, or under different sun incidence angles theta, the number of the anti-shadow simultaneous equations is increased, and the values of the height difference D and the distance H of the rotation shafts 510 of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-1 and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 are solved through a least square method.
In order to improve the performance of the anti-shadow control system, in the shadow shielding process, the work of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 is not influenced as much as possible, the frame widths of the left self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel 4 are smaller than the frame width of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520, when shadow shielding occurs, the power supply left self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel 3 or the right self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel 4 is firstly shielded, because the frame of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 is wider, when the shadow shielding frame area on the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 does not reach the influence caused by internal battery pieces, the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 can detect the difference caused by shielding between the left self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel 4 and start anti-shadow control to prevent the work of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 from being influenced by the shadow
When the frame width of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 is narrower or is a borderless photovoltaic cell panel assembly, a panel slideway 530 perpendicular to the rotation shaft 510 is arranged between any two adjacent main power generation photovoltaic cell panels 520, and two sides of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 are respectively and slidably arranged in the left side and the right side of the panel slideway 530, so that the two sides can slide along the direction perpendicular to the rotation shaft 510 of the tracking bracket. The sliding range of the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is limited by the gear component, when the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is in a low-side position which is easy to shield, the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel outwards slides out by a certain preset distance s under the action of gravity, the position is lowered, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 or the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 can be guaranteed to be shielded before the main power photovoltaic cell panel 520, the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 can detect the difference caused by shielding between the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 before the main power photovoltaic cell panel 520 is shielded, and the anti-shadow control is started to prevent the work of the main power photovoltaic cell panel 520 from being influenced by shadows.
When the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is at a high-side position where the rear row tracking support is easy to shield, the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel slides inwards under the action of gravity, the position is lowered, the outer edge of the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is aligned with the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520, and the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is ensured not to cause additional shadow shielding on the rear row photovoltaic tracking support.
The sliding of the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel can be automatically completed under the action of gravity. The driving device can also be installed to be controlled by the controller to complete the action.
The two-way energy detection device can be a current detection circuit, a voltage detection circuit or other circuits capable of measuring the flow value of electric energy.
After the back row photovoltaic tracking controller detects shadow shielding, shielding information can be transmitted to the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 of the front row tracker through the built-in control communication interface 103, so that the tracking angle is reduced, the height of the upper edge of the photovoltaic cell panel is reduced, and shielding of the back row photovoltaic cell panel is avoided.
The left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 of the present invention are installed between any two adjacent main power generation photovoltaic cell panels 520 or at the extreme ends of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 array, and when installed at the extreme ends, accessories are required to be installed outside the accessories.
Examples
The single-axis tracking support anti-shadow control system based on double photovoltaic cell panel differential detection is shown in fig. 1, and the anti-shadow control system comprises a photovoltaic tracking controller 1, an electric driver 2 driven by direct current 24V, a left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and a right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4, wherein the electrical parameters of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 are the same, and the two self-powered photovoltaic cell panels are output as working power sources of the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 and are used for driving the electric driver 2 to rotate.
In the embodiment, the tracker adopts a single-row vertical structure, the size of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 is 2000mm multiplied by 1000mm, and the frame width is 40mm. The tracker span width is 2000mm, i.e. the electrical Chi Ban array left edge to right edge distance is 2000mm.
The rated power of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 is 20W, the size is 340mm multiplied by 400mm, the frame width is 15mm, the rated output voltage is 24V, and the rated output current is 833mA.
As shown in fig. 2, the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 is mounted on the tracking bracket 5, and the left and right self-powered photovoltaic panels 3 and 4 are mounted on the rotation shaft 510 together with the main power generation photovoltaic panel 520. The left edge of the left self-powered photovoltaic panel 3 is aligned with the left edge 521 of the array of main generator photovoltaic panels 520. The right edge of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 is aligned with the right edge 522 of the array of main power generating photovoltaic cell panels 520. The motorized drive 2 is connected to the rotation axis 510 of the single axis photovoltaic tracking stand 5. The electric driver 2 drives the rotating shaft 510 to drive the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 carried on the rotating shaft to track the movement of the sun in the sky.
The battery pieces inside the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 are of a serial structure, and once the edges are shielded by shadows, the current output capacity of the solar cell panel is rapidly reduced. The photovoltaic tracking controller 1 is internally provided with two paths of current detection circuits which are respectively connected with the output ends of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4, the magnitude of the current value input into the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 is detected, and the input currents from the two self-powered photovoltaic cell panels are connected together through an anti-backflow diode after passing through a current detection sensor and are connected into an energy storage element in the tracking controller. The detection results of the two current sensors are input into an MCU controller in the tracking controller, and shadow shielding of the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel with smaller input current can be judged when the input current difference is more than 5% -10%.
The left-right shielding relationship of the photovoltaic tracker can be reversed in the morning and evening due to the change of the sun position. If the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is blocked in the morning hours, the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 is blocked in the evening.
In the morning hours as shown in fig. 3, the right side self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 of the rear row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets 5-2 is higher in position and is not blocked, and the output current of the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel can be used as a reference variable for blocking detection. When no shielding occurs, the output currents of the two self-powered photovoltaic cell panels are assumed to be 360mA. When the shielding area 7 formed by the right edge 522 of the upper side of the front row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets 5-1 invades the lower end of the left side self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 of the rear row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets 5-2 and starts to cover the cell beyond the frame of 15mm, the output current of the left side self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 starts to decline. When the shadow intrusion distance reaches about 40mm (about 25mm when the shadow intrusion distance intrudes into a battery piece area), the input current of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is less than 10% of the current value of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4, namely 360-36=324 mA, the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket 5-2 can judge that the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is blocked.
As shown in fig. 4, when the input angle of the incident solar ray 6 is θ 1 The rotation angles of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support 5-1 and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support 5-2 are respectively alpha 1 And alpha 2 When the shielding area 7 is formed, after the shielding is detected by the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 of the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support 5-2, the electric driver 2 is controlled to drive the rotating shaft 510 of the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support 5-2 to rotate to the horizontal position, the position of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is lifted to avoid the shielding of shadow, and the angle of the rear-row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support 5-2 is formed by alpha 2 Run to beta 2 And then, the width of a shadow coverage area on the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is reduced to about 25mm (the width of the shadow coverage area invades into a cell sheet area is about 10 mm), the input current of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is restored to be within 5% of the current value difference of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4, namely, when 360-8=342 mA, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 can be judged to withdraw from shadow shielding, and the system completes anti-shadow control. Beta at this time 2 The angle that the tracking bracket breaks away from shadow shielding is the angle.
During the process of detecting shadows and anti-shadow control by the tracking bracket, the output current 360mA of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 serving as a reference parameter in the above example is likely to change, but the trigger threshold of 10% and the exit blocking threshold of 5% remain unchanged.
In the period of shadow reverse at night, the position of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is higher and can not be shielded, so that the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 can use the output current of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 as a reference variable to detect whether the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 is shielded, the detection and control process is similar to that in the morning period, and the description is not repeated.
After the shadow invades the photovoltaic cell panel array by 40mm in the above example, the tracking support starts to execute the anti-shadow action, and because the frame width of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 is 40mm, the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 is only shielded by the shadow in the shadow shielding detection and anti-shadow action process, the photovoltaic cell inside the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 is not influenced by the shadow shielding, and the output power generation capacity of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel is not influenced.
As shown in fig. 1, the photovoltaic tracking controller 1 is built with a controller communication interface 103, through which real-time working angle information can be exchanged between adjacent single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets 5.
According to the incident angle theta of the sun ray and the working angle alpha of the front row tracker 1 And beta of working angle of back row tracker when separating shadow shielding 2 The photovoltaic tracking controller 1 can automatically calculate geographical information such as the installation distance H and the height difference D between the photovoltaic tracking brackets, and the specific cases are classified into the following three types.
1. Flat ground installation, the tracker installation height is the same, the inter-axle height difference d=0, and the installation interval H is unknown:
as shown in FIG. 4, assuming a panel width of 2000mm, the value of θ at the solar altitude angle θ is 1 When the angle is 20 degrees, the working angle alpha of the front row tracker 1 Work angle alpha of back row tracker of 45 degrees 2 When the shielding occurs in the range of (45), under the control of the back row single-axis photovoltaic tracking controller 1, the back row tracker reduces the tracking angle to beta 2 At =20 degrees, the shadow mask is disengaged.
Then according to formula (2)
H＝((707+342+0)/0.364+707+939)＝2882+707+939＝4528mm
The rotation axis pitch h=4528 mm of the front-rear single axis tracker can be found.
2. Slope installation, tracker installation pitch H is known, and height difference D is unknown:
as shown in fig. 5, it is assumed that the panel width is 2000mm and the tracker mounting interval h=4500 mm. At the solar altitude angle theta, the value is theta 1 When the angle is 20 degrees, the working angle alpha of the front row tracker 1 Work angle alpha of back row tracker of 45 degrees 2 When the angle is =45, shielding occurs, the front row tracker does not act, and the working angle alpha is maintained 1 =45 degrees, the back-row tracker reduces the tracking angle to β 2 The shadow disappears when 22 degrees.
Then according to equation (3):
D＝0.364(4500-707-927)-(707+375)D＝1043-1082＝-39mm
d is positive back row low, D is negative back row high; the height difference is-39 mm, and the rear row is 39mm higher than the front row.
As shown in fig. 6, it is assumed that the tracker mounting interval h=4500 mm. When the solar altitude angle is 20 degrees, the working angle alpha of the front row tracker 1 Work angle alpha of back row tracker of 45 degrees 2 When the shadow is =45, the front row tracker and the back row tracker act together in the back shadow process, and the working angle beta of the front row tracker 1 And back row tracker angle beta 2 The shadows disappeared at 32.0 degrees each.
Then according to formula (3)
D＝0.364(4500-848-848)-(530+530)D＝1043-1082＝-39mm
D is positive back row low, D is negative back row high; the height difference is-39 mm, and the rear row is 39mm higher than the front row.
3. Slope installation, the tracker installation distance H and the height difference D are unknown:
in the case where both the tracker mounting spacing H and the height difference D are unknown, this can be the caseDifferent solar incidence height angle theta 1 And theta 2 Time of day measurement of beta 2 (1) And beta 2 (2) And establishing simultaneous equations to solve the installation distance H and the height difference D.
Then construct simultaneous equations according to equation (3)
When the sun altitude angle is 20 degrees, the front row tracker and the rear row tracker are shielded, the tracking angle is adjusted together by the front row tracker and the rear row tracker to eliminate shadows, and the working angle of the front row tracker is adjusted to beta 1 (2) =30.72 and the back-row tracker operating angle is adjusted to β 2 (2) Just shadow elimination when=34.22
When the sun altitude angle is 15 degrees, the front row tracker and the rear row tracker are shielded, the tracking angle is adjusted together by the front row tracker and the rear row tracker to eliminate shadows, and the working angle of the front row tracker is adjusted to beta 1 (2) =20.49 and the back-row tracker operating angle is adjusted to β 2 (2) Just shadow elimination when=23.99
And establishing a simultaneous equation set according to the counter shadow angles of the tracker in the two states of the solar altitude angle of 15 degrees and the solar altitude angle of 20 degrees, and solving the distance H and the altitude difference D.
D＝0.364(H-1000cos30.72°-1000cos34.22°)-(1000sin30.72°+1000sin34.22°)
D＝0.268(H-1000cos20.49°-1000cos23.99°)-(1000sin20.49°+1000sin23.99°)
H=4528 mm, d= -39mm can be solved according to the above equation.
If the single-axis tracking support adopts a borderless photovoltaic cell panel, a shadow can generate a shielding effect once entering the edge of the photovoltaic cell panel array, and the electric energy output of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 array is affected.
In this case, as shown in fig. 7, the left and right self-powered photovoltaic panels 3 and 4 may be mounted on a panel slide 530 perpendicular to the rotation axis 510. In this example, the sliding distance of the self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is limited to 40mm, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is at a low side and slides out of 40mm outwards under the action of gravity in the morning shadow reverse period shown in fig. 7, at this time, the outer edge of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 protrudes 40mm beyond the left edge 521 of the main power-generating photovoltaic cell panel 520 array, and after the shadow invades the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 by 40mm, the shadow support starts to execute the shadow reverse action, so that the shielding area 7 formed by the front photovoltaic cell panel only appears on the outer side of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3, and in the shadow detection and shadow reverse action process, the photovoltaic cell sheet inside the borderless main power-generating photovoltaic cell panel 520 is not influenced by the shadow shielding, and the generating capacity of the photovoltaic cell sheet is not influenced.
As shown in fig. 7, the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 is on the high side of the photovoltaic tracking stand during the morning anti-shadow period, and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 slides inward under the force of gravity. The right edge of which is flush with the right edge 522 of the array of primary photovoltaic cell panels 520 without creating additional shadows to the trailing row of photovoltaic tracking brackets.
In the normal tracking period when the midday is separated from the back shadow, the surfaces of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 cannot form shadows, and the specific positions of the surfaces have no influence on the action of a tracking system.
In the afternoon anti-shadow period, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 3 is lifted to a high position by the rotation of the rotating shaft 510, and slides inwards under the action of gravity, and the left edge of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel is flush with the left edge 521 of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 array, so that no additional shadow is generated on the rear row photovoltaic tracking bracket. At this time, the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 is rotated to the lower side, and slid outward by 40mm under the action of gravity. The outer edge of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 at this time protrudes 40mm beyond the right edge 522 of the array of main power generating photovoltaic cell panels 520. After the shadow invades the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4 by 40mm, the tracking support starts to execute the anti-shadow action, so that the shielding area 7 formed by the front-row photovoltaic cell panel only appears on the outer side of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel 4, and the photovoltaic cell in the non-frame main power generation photovoltaic cell panel 520 is not influenced by the shadow in the shadow shielding detection and anti-shadow action process, so that the generating capacity of the photovoltaic cell is not influenced.
According to the invention, after the shadow avoidance action is completed, the front row and the rear row of photovoltaic trackers exchange real-time tracking angle information through a communication network, so that the horizontal distance and the height difference between the front row and the rear row of photovoltaic tracking brackets can be solved. According to the width, front-back row spacing and height difference of the tracking support, the photovoltaic tracking controller can further actively perform shadow casting calculation and avoidance actions by means of the calculation capacity of the MCU, and therefore shadow generation is completely avoided.
Compared with the traditional open loop anti-shadow technology of manually setting the spacing and the height difference of the brackets, the anti-shadow technology of the single-axis photovoltaic tracker can simplify the debugging process. Meanwhile, the system is of a closed-loop structure, even if the distance and the height difference parameters of the tracking support are inaccurate due to construction errors, the technology can realize closed-loop anti-shadow through actual detection of shielding, and the reliability and the applicability of an anti-shadow function are improved.
Claims (9)
1. The single-axis photovoltaic tracking support shadow-reversing system based on double-panel differential detection is characterized by comprising a photovoltaic tracking controller (1) and an electric driver (2) which is electrically connected with the photovoltaic tracking controller (1), wherein the electric driver (2) is arranged on a rotating shaft (510) of a single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5) and drives the rotating shaft (510) to rotate, a plurality of main power generation photovoltaic cell panels (520) are arranged on the rotating shaft (510) in an array mode, a left self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel (3) and a right self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel (4) are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side between any two adjacent main power generation photovoltaic cell panels (520), the electrical parameters of the left self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel (3) and the right self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel (4) are the same, the left edge of the left self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel (3) is aligned with the left edge (521) of a main power generation photovoltaic cell panel (520) array, the right edge of the right self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel (4) is aligned with the right edge (522) of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel (520) array, and the left self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel (3) and the right self-power generation photovoltaic cell panel (4) are connected through the photovoltaic panel (1);
The photovoltaic tracking controller (1) comprises an MCU processor, a left input electric energy detection device (101) and a right input electric energy detection device (102) which are electrically connected with the MCU processor, wherein the left input electric energy detection device (101) and the right input electric energy detection device (102) are respectively and electrically connected with the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (4), and electric energy collected by the two self-powered photovoltaic cell panels is used as a working power supply of the photovoltaic tracking controller (1), and the MCU processor is electrically connected with the electric driver (2); the MCU processor of the photovoltaic tracking controller (1) realizes the calculation of the installation distance H and the height difference D between the front row and the rear row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets (5) through the width L of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel (520), the incident angle theta of the solar rays, the tracking angle alpha of the front row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets (5-1) and the working angle beta of the rear row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets (5-2) which are separated from shadow shielding;
setting a detection threshold value, under the condition of no shielding, theoretically the generated energy of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) and the generated energy of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (4) are the same, when one of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (4) is shielded, the energy received by the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (4) is different, after the difference value reaches the set detection threshold value, an MCU processor in the photovoltaic tracking controller (1) can judge that the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) or the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (4) with smaller output energy is shielded, the photovoltaic tracking controller (1) outputs an electric signal to control the electric driver (2), and the electric driver (2) drives the rotating shaft (510) to drive the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel (520) and the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (4) carried by the rotating shaft until the difference value received by the two panels is smaller than the set detection threshold value.
2. The dual-panel differential detection-based single-axis photovoltaic tracking support back shadow system according to claim 1, wherein a front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-1) and a rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) are installed in the photovoltaic power generation array, rotation axes (510) of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-1) and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) are parallel to each other, a distance between the two rotation axes (510) is H, during a tracking period with a low solar altitude angle, a main power generation photovoltaic cell (520) array on the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-1) blocks solar incident light (6) projected onto the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2), a blocking area (7) is formed at the lower part of the main power generation photovoltaic cell (520) array of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2), when blocking occurs, a left power supply photovoltaic cell (3) at the lower part of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) is blocked, the power supply capacity of the single-axis photovoltaic cell (2) is increased, the power supply capacity of the single-axis photovoltaic cell (2) is controlled to be increased, and the power supply capacity of the single-axis photovoltaic tracking device (5-2) is controlled to be detected to reach a difference value when the single-axis photovoltaic power supply (1) is detected, and then the photovoltaic tracking controller (1) of the rear row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) controls the electric driver (2) to drive the rotating shaft (510) to rotate until the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel (520) array of the rear row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) is not shielded, namely the output energy difference value of the left side self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) and the right side self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (4) corresponding to the rear row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) is smaller than a set detection threshold value.
3. The dual panel differential detection based single axis photovoltaic tracking stent back shadow system of claim 1, wherein when the incident solar ray (6) angle is θ 1 The rotation angles of the front-back row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-1) and the back row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-2) are respectively alpha 1 And alpha 2 When in use, a shielding area (7) is formed at the lower part of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-2), the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) is partially shielded, the output energy is reduced, and rear row single-axis light is emittedThe photovoltaic tracking controller (1) of the photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-2) independently completes anti-shadow control after detecting shielding, the electric driver (2) drives the rotating shaft (510) to move horizontally, the left edge (521) of the tracker and the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) are lifted, the shielding of the shadow is avoided, and when the angle of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-2) is formed by alpha 2 Run to beta 2 And then, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) is separated from shadow shielding, the difference value between the output energy of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel and the output energy of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (4) is recovered to be within a permissible threshold value, the photovoltaic tracking controller (1) can judge that the tracking bracket is separated from shadow shielding, and the system completes anti-shadow control.
4. A single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket back shadow system based on differential detection of double battery plates according to claim 3, wherein the photovoltaic tracking controllers (1) further comprise a controller communication interface (103), the controller communication interface (103) is electrically connected with the MCU processor, the controller communication interfaces (103) of two adjacent single-axis photovoltaic tracking brackets (5) are connected through wireless communication, and each photovoltaic tracking controller (1) obtains the working angle of the adjacent single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5) through the controller communication interface (103).
5. The dual panel differential detection based single axis photovoltaic tracking stent back shadow system of claim 1, wherein when the incident solar ray (6) angle is θ 1 The rotation angles of the front-back row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-1) and the back row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-2) are respectively alpha 1 And alpha 2 In the process, a shielding area (7) is formed at the lower part of the rear row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2), the left side self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) is partially shielded, the output energy is reduced, after the shielding is detected by the photovoltaic tracking controller (1) of the rear row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2), the rear shadow control is completed together with the front row of photovoltaic tracking support (5-1), the photovoltaic tracking controller (1) communicated with the front row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-1) through a controller communication interface (103) cooperatively acts, the front row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking support and the rear row of single-axis photovoltaic tracking support drive a rotating shaft (510) to move horizontally through an electric driver (2), The right edge (522) of the front row tracker is lowered, the positions of the left edge (521) of the rear row tracker and the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) are raised simultaneously, the shadow shielding is avoided, and the angle of the single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-1) of the current row is formed by alpha 1 Run to beta 1 At the same time, the angle of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-2) is alpha 2 Run to beta 2 And then, the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) of the rear row of photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) is separated from shadow shielding, the difference value between the output energy of the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel and the output energy of the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (4) is restored to be within a permissible threshold value, and the photovoltaic tracking controller (1) can judge that the tracking support is separated from shadow shielding, so that the system completes anti-shadow control.
6. The single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket back shadow system based on double-panel differential detection according to claim 5, wherein the MCU processor of the photovoltaic tracking controller (1) calculates the following conversion calculation formula among the width L of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel (520), the incident angle theta of solar rays, the tracking angle alpha of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-1) and the working angle beta of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-2) which are separated from shadow shielding, the installation distance H and the height difference D between the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5) and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5), and the physical quantity:
The method is divided into the following three cases:
case one: flat ground installation
The heights of the rotating shafts (510) of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-1) and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) are the same, namely the height difference D=0, and the width of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel (520) is the known length L, so that the distance H between the rotating shafts (510) of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-1) and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) is calculated according to the incident angle theta of the sun, the tracking angle alpha of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-1) and the working angle beta of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) which are separated from shadow shielding, and the formula is as follows:
and a second case: slope installation
The distance H between the rotating shafts (510) of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-1) and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-2) is known, and then the height difference D of the rotating shafts (510) of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-1) and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-2) is calculated according to the incident angle theta of the sun rays, the tracking angle alpha of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-1) and the working angle beta of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-2) which are separated from shadow shielding, specifically:
if D is positive, the position of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-2) is low, and if D is negative, the position of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket (5-2) is high;
And a third case: slope installation
When the distance H and the height difference D between the rotating shafts (510) of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-1) and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) are unknown, calculating the height difference D and the distance H between the rotating shafts (510) of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-1) and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) according to the incident angle theta of the sun rays, the tracking angle alpha of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-1) and the working angle beta of the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) which are separated from shadow shielding: when the equation simultaneous solution is established or the distance H and the height difference D between the rotating shafts (510) of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-1) and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) are calculated under two working angles, the number of the anti-shadow simultaneous equations is increased under different solar incidence angles theta, and the numerical value of the distance H and the height difference D between the rotating shafts (510) of the front row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-1) and the rear row single-axis photovoltaic tracking support (5-2) is solved by a least square method.
7. The dual panel differential detection-based single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket back shadow system of claim 1, wherein the frame widths of the left side self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) and the right side self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (4) are smaller than the frame width of the main power generation photovoltaic cell panel (520).
8. The single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket back shadow system based on double-panel differential detection according to claim 1, wherein a panel slideway (530) perpendicular to the rotating shaft (510) is arranged between any two adjacent main power generation photovoltaic panels (520), two sides of the left self-power photovoltaic panel (3) and the right self-power photovoltaic panel (4) are respectively slidably installed in the left side and the right side of the panel slideway (530), the panel slideway (530) is provided with a gear component for limiting the sliding range of the self-power photovoltaic panel (3) and the right self-power photovoltaic panel (4), under the limitation of the gear component, the left self-power photovoltaic panel (3) and the right self-power photovoltaic panel (4) can slide out a set distance to the outside of the main power generation photovoltaic panel (520), and when sliding inwards, the outer edges of the left self-power photovoltaic panel (3) and the right self-power photovoltaic panel (4) are aligned with the outer edges of the main power generation photovoltaic panel (520) or slide into the outer edges of the main power generation photovoltaic panel (520).
9. The single-axis photovoltaic tracking bracket back shadow system based on differential detection of double panels according to claim 1, wherein the left self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (3) and the right self-powered photovoltaic cell panel (4) are installed between any adjacent two main power generation photovoltaic cell panels (520) or at the extreme ends of the array of main power generation photovoltaic cell panels (520).
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