CN113361020B - Tooth rail motor car floor light-weight design method combining bionic design - Google Patents
Tooth rail motor car floor light-weight design method combining bionic design Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tooth rail motor car floor light-weight design method combining bionic design, which comprises the following steps: analyzing the loaded working condition of the floor, and selecting extreme boundary conditions; defining a design area; setting the target of topology optimization as minimum strain energy and maximum first-order sag natural frequency; calculating and obtaining a topological configuration; performing bionic design according to the topological configuration to obtain a plurality of bionic floor structures; parameterizing the dimension of each bionic floor structure, analyzing the sensitivity of each dimension to key indexes of the floor, setting a plurality of dimension parameters with the highest sensitivity as optimization variables, and constructing a response surface; setting the target of size optimization as minimum mass, minimum maximum equivalent stress, minimum maximum vertical displacement and maximum first-order vertical bending inherent frequency, and carrying out multi-target response surface size optimization to obtain an optimized floor structure; and analyzing and screening the optimized structure of the floor. The invention can provide various optimized structural schemes on the basis of improving the comprehensive performance of the floor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a tooth rail motor car floor light-weight design method combining bionic design.
Background
With the rapid development of world rail transit equipment and the integration and development of transportation and tourism industries, the strongly developed toothed rail transit project meets the current national important application requirements, and the light weight of a toothed rail vehicle body is one of the key factors for realizing the characteristics of stronger climbing capacity, comfort and the like of the toothed rail vehicle. The rack-rail vehicle is a train applied to tourism in mountainous scenic areas or transportation scenes of underground auxiliary equipment of coal mines, and is different from the traditional train in that a gear device is arranged on a bogie of a locomotive and meshed with a rack rail laid between rails. In foreign countries, the rack rail motor car technology has been widely applied to nearly 30 countries; in China, no operated rack rail railway exists at present, and related researches on rack rails are in a starting stage. At present, the problems of high purchase and maintenance cost, low running speed and the like exist in the rack rail vehicle, and the development of lightweight research on the rack rail vehicle is an effective way for solving the problems. In a rack-and-pinion vehicle body, the floor is a critical component in the body. On the one hand, the floor needs to bear passengers, goods and lifting equipment under the vehicle, and on the other hand, the vibration transmitted by the floor greatly influences the riding comfort. Therefore, it is necessary to research the weight reduction of the vehicle body floor on the premise of ensuring the reliability and comfort of the rack-and-rail vehicle.
At present, a floor of a rack rail vehicle is made of large hollow section extruded aluminum profiles, materials are generally 6005A-T6 aluminum alloys, the simplified structure is shown in figure 1, the floor is composed of an upper cover plate 1, a lower cover plate 2, a left cover plate 3, a right cover plate 4 and reinforcing ribs 5, and the floor has the same section configuration in the longitudinal direction. At present, the lightweight method aiming at the hollow extruded aluminum profile floor structure mainly comprises topology optimization and size optimization. And (3) topology optimization, namely determining the material distribution of the optimal force transmission path of the structure through the topology optimization, and then reconstructing a model based on the topology configuration to obtain the floor lightweight structure. And (3) optimizing the size, namely, taking the size parameters such as the thicknesses of the upper cover plate 1, the lower cover plate 2 and the reinforcing ribs 5 of the floor as design variables, obtaining the optimal size parameter of the floor through optimization, and finally reconstructing a model based on the optimized size parameter to obtain the light-weight structure of the floor.
The existing floor light weight research adopts either topological optimization or size optimization or combines the two methods to realize the light weight effect. However, one or two kinds of optimization have certain limitations, and although the optimized structure quality is improved, the performances such as strength, rigidity and the like are reduced, so that the improvement of the comprehensive performance of the floor is difficult to realize. For example, the combination of properties includes strength, stiffness, light weight, and vibration resistance of the floor. In addition, only one optimized structure is extracted after the floor is optimized by the existing research, and the selection of various optimized structure schemes cannot be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a tooth rail motor car floor light-weight design method combining bionic design, and can provide various optimized structural schemes on the basis of improving the comprehensive performance of the floor.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a tooth rail motor car floor lightweight design method combining bionic design comprises the following steps: analyzing the loaded working condition of the floor, and selecting an extreme working condition as a boundary condition of topology optimization; defining a design area and a non-design area of floor topology optimization; setting the target of the topological optimization to be the minimum strain energy and the maximum first-order sag natural frequency, adding a manufacturing constraint along longitudinal extrusion, and constraining the mass fraction of the design area; after parameter setting is completed, performing topology optimization calculation to obtain a topology configuration; performing bionic design according to the topological configuration to obtain a plurality of bionic floor structures; parameterizing the size of each bionic floor structure, analyzing the sensitivity of each size to the floor quality, the maximum equivalent stress, the maximum vertical displacement and the first-order vertical bending inherent frequency, setting a plurality of size parameters with the highest sensitivity as optimization variables, and constructing a response surface; setting the target of size optimization as minimum mass, minimum maximum equivalent stress, minimum maximum vertical displacement and maximum first-order vertical bending inherent frequency, and carrying out multi-target response surface size optimization to obtain an optimized floor structure; and analyzing and screening the optimized floor structure.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the lightweight design is carried out on the tooth rail motor car floor, firstly, the load-bearing working condition of the floor is analyzed, the extreme working condition is used as the boundary condition of topology optimization, the topology optimization is carried out by using the minimum strain energy and the maximum first-order vertical bending inherent frequency as the target, and the performances of the two aspects can be simultaneously improved; after the topology optimization, a plurality of available bionic floor structures are obtained by performing bionic design on the topology configuration; and then, carrying out size optimization on each bionic floor structure according to the target of minimum mass, minimum maximum equivalent stress, minimum maximum vertical displacement and maximum first-order vertical bending inherent frequency, thereby further improving the comprehensive performance.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the lightweight design of the floor is carried out by carrying out topology optimization, bionic design, size optimization and floor structure analysis on the toothed rail motor car floor, and the reliability and comfort of the optimized floor structure are improved simultaneously by multi-objective topology optimization and multi-objective size optimization; by combining three optimization methods of bionic design, topological optimization and size optimization, the performance of the floor after optimization realizes the improvement of comprehensive performance of high strength, high rigidity, light weight, high vibration resistance and optimal size; through extracting multiple optimized structures, multiple floor structure schemes are provided, and the optimal floor light-weight structure can be selected according to the specific operation scene of the rack-rail motor car and the requirements of the production and processing technology.
In a further technical solution, the biomimetic design comprises: selecting a plurality of bionic objects based on the topological configuration; extracting structural features suitable for floor configuration from the bionic object; and designing a corresponding bionic floor structure by combining the topological configuration and the structural characteristics of the bionic object.
By performing bionic design on the topological configuration, various bionic floor structures can be obtained, and finally, various selectable structure optimization schemes can be obtained.
In a further technical scheme, the bionic object is selected according to one or more of load similarity, functional similarity, manufacturability or topological relevance principle.
And selecting the bionic object according to one or more of load similarity, functional similarity, manufacturability or topological relevance principle, so that the obtained bionic floor structure has the strain energy and the first-order sag natural frequency which are basically consistent with the topological configuration.
In a further technical scheme, the size of the bionic floor structure comprises the thickness of an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate, the thickness of a floor and the thickness of a reinforcing rib.
The sizes are several sizes with obvious influence on the comprehensive performance of the floor by the toothed rail motor car floor, and the sizes are parameterized directly, so that time consumption on unnecessary sizes can be reduced, and the size optimization efficiency is improved.
In a further technical scheme, the step of analyzing the bionic floor structure comprises the following steps: and carrying out finite element analysis and verification on each floor optimization structure, and comparing the floor optimization structure with the quality, the maximum equivalent stress, the maximum vertical displacement and the first-order vertical bending inherent frequency of the structure before floor optimization.
Through comprehensive comparison with the structure before floor optimization, a structure optimization scheme with better comprehensive performance can be screened out.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the lightweight design of the floor is carried out by carrying out topology optimization, bionic design, size optimization and floor structure analysis on the toothed rail motor car floor, and the reliability and comfort of the optimized floor structure are improved simultaneously by multi-objective topology optimization and multi-objective size optimization; by combining three optimization methods of bionic design, topological optimization and size optimization, the performance of the floor after optimization realizes the improvement of comprehensive performance of high strength, high rigidity, light weight, high vibration resistance and optimal size; various optimized structures are extracted, various floor structure schemes are provided, and the optimal floor light-weight structure can be selected according to the specific operation scene of the rack-rail motor car and the requirements of the production and processing technology;
2. by performing bionic design on the topological configuration, various bionic floor structures can be obtained, and finally, various selectable structure optimization schemes can be obtained;
3. selecting a bionic object according to one or more of load similarity, functional similarity, manufacturability or topological relevance principles so as to enable the obtained bionic floor structure to have strain energy and first-order sag natural frequency which are basically consistent with the topological configuration;
4. the sizes are several sizes with obvious influence on the comprehensive performance of the floor by the toothed rail motor car floor, and the sizes are parameterized directly, so that the time consumed on unnecessary sizes can be reduced, and the size optimization efficiency is improved;
5. through comprehensive comparison with the structure before floor optimization, a structure optimization scheme with better comprehensive performance can be screened out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a construction view of a conventional prior art rack rail motor car floor;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for designing lightweight tooth-track motor car floors by combining bionic design according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a topology optimized design area in another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the results of topology optimization in another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of structural features of a honeycomb according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing structural features of Oriental Trialeurodes vaporariorum in another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a honeycomb biomimetic structure of a floor in another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a bionic structure of the floor Oriental louse in another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the dimensional parameters of a honeycomb bionic floor structure according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a floor honeycomb optimized structure according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an optimized structure of the floor oriental delphacida in another embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-upper cover plate; 2-lower cover plate; 3-left cover plate; 4-right cover plate; 5-reinforcing ribs; 6-design area; 7-non-design area.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
a tooth rail motor car floor lightweight design method combining bionic design is shown in figure 2 and comprises the following steps: and analyzing the loaded working condition of the floor, and selecting an extreme working condition as a boundary condition of topology optimization. And defining a design area and a non-design area for optimizing the floor topology. Setting the target of the topological optimization to be the minimum strain energy and the maximum first-order sag natural frequency, adding the manufacturing constraint along the longitudinal extrusion, and constraining the mass fraction of the design area. And after parameter setting is completed, performing topology optimization calculation to obtain a topology configuration. And performing bionic design according to the topological configuration to obtain a plurality of bionic floor structures. And parameterizing the dimension of each bionic floor structure, analyzing the sensitivity of each dimension to the floor quality, the maximum equivalent stress, the maximum vertical displacement and the first-order vertical bending inherent frequency, setting a plurality of dimension parameters with the highest sensitivity as optimization variables, and constructing a response surface. Setting the target of size optimization as minimum mass, minimum maximum equivalent stress, minimum maximum vertical displacement and maximum first-order vertical bending natural frequency, and carrying out multi-target response surface size optimization to obtain the optimized floor structure. And analyzing and screening the optimized floor structure.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the lightweight design is carried out on the tooth rail motor car floor, firstly, the load-bearing working condition of the floor is analyzed, the extreme working condition is used as the boundary condition of topology optimization, the topology optimization is carried out by using the minimum strain energy and the maximum first-order vertical bending inherent frequency as the target, and the performances of the two aspects can be simultaneously improved; after the topology optimization, a plurality of available bionic floor structures are obtained by performing bionic design on the topology configuration; and then, carrying out size optimization on each bionic floor structure according to the target of minimum mass, minimum maximum equivalent stress, minimum maximum vertical displacement and maximum first-order vertical bending inherent frequency, thereby further improving the comprehensive performance.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the lightweight design of the floor is carried out by carrying out topology optimization, bionic design, size optimization and floor structure analysis on the toothed rail motor car floor, and the reliability and comfort of the optimized floor structure are improved simultaneously by multi-objective topology optimization and multi-objective size optimization; by combining three optimization methods of bionic design, topological optimization and size optimization, the performance of the floor after optimization realizes the improvement of comprehensive performance of high strength, high rigidity, light weight, high vibration resistance and optimal size; through extracting multiple optimized structures, multiple floor structure schemes are provided, and the optimal floor light-weight structure can be selected according to the specific operation scene of the rack-rail motor car and the requirements of the production and processing technology.
In further embodiments, the biomimetic design comprises: selecting a plurality of bionic objects based on the topological configuration; extracting structural features suitable for floor configuration from the bionic object; and designing a corresponding bionic floor structure by combining the topological configuration and the structural characteristics of the bionic object. By performing bionic design on the topological configuration, various bionic floor structures can be obtained, and finally, various selectable structure optimization schemes can be obtained.
In further embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, selection of the biomimetic object is performed according to one or more of load similarity, functional similarity, manufacturability, or topological relevance rules. And selecting the bionic object according to one or more of load similarity, functional similarity, manufacturability or topological relevance principle, so that the obtained bionic floor structure has the strain energy and the first-order sag natural frequency which are basically consistent with the topological configuration.
In other embodiments, the dimensions of the bionic floor structure comprise the thicknesses of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate, the thickness of the floor and the thickness of the reinforcing ribs. The sizes are several sizes with obvious influence on the comprehensive performance of the floor by the toothed rail motor car floor, and the sizes are parameterized directly, so that time consumption on unnecessary sizes can be reduced, and the size optimization efficiency is improved.
In further embodiments, the step of analyzing the biomimetic floor structure comprises: and carrying out finite element analysis and verification on each floor optimization structure, and comparing the floor optimization structure with the quality, the maximum equivalent stress, the maximum vertical displacement and the first-order vertical bending inherent frequency of the structure before floor optimization. Through comprehensive comparison with the structure before floor optimization, a structure optimization scheme with better comprehensive performance can be screened out.
The present invention will be described more specifically by way of an example.
(1) Topology optimization
And analyzing the floor loading working condition, and selecting the boundary condition of the extreme working condition. A floor topology optimization model is established by using a DM module in ANSYS WORKBENCH, extreme condition boundary conditions are applied, a finite element model is established, and a topology design area and a non-design area are defined as shown in figure 3. Setting an optimization target to be minimum strain energy and maximum first-order sag natural frequency, adding longitudinal extrusion manufacturing constraints and constraining mass fraction of a design region, and performing topology optimization solution by using structural optimization software GENESIS to obtain a topology optimization result as shown in FIG. 4.
(2) Bionic design
Based on the characteristics of floor topology optimization configuration, bionic objects are selected by considering load similarity, functional similarity, manufacturability and topology association principles, and honeycombs and oriental delphacidae are selected as the bionic objects by searching relevant literature data. The structural characteristics of the honeycomb and the oriental dragon louse are analyzed, and the structural characteristics which can be applied to floor design are extracted. As shown in fig. 5, the structural features of the regular hexagonal cells of the honeycomb are extracted. As shown in fig. 6, the cross-sectional features of the coleopteran pores of the oriental dragon lice were extracted.
And then, referring to the floor topology optimization configuration, and combining the structural characteristics of two bionic objects, two floor bionic structures shown in fig. 7 and 8 are respectively designed.
(3) Size optimization
The relevant dimensions of the two floor bionic structures are parameterized in SOLIDWORKS respectively, taking the floor honeycomb bionic structure as an example, as shown in FIG. 9, the upper cover plate thickness G1, the lower cover plate thickness G2, the floor thickness G3, the left and right cover plate thicknesses G4, the left and right reinforcing rib thicknesses B1, the middle reinforcing rib thickness B2 and the middle reinforcing rib angle beta of the bionic structure are parameterized, and then WORKBENCH is introduced for sensitivity analysis, and the dimensions G1, G2, G3, B2 and beta with larger sensitivity to the floor quality, the maximum equivalent stress, the maximum vertical displacement and the first-order sag inherent frequency are obtained through analysis. Setting the five dimensions as optimization variables, constructing a multi-target response surface, then carrying out dimension optimization solving on the optimization targets of minimum mass, minimum maximum equivalent stress, minimum maximum vertical displacement and maximum first-order vertical bending inherent frequency, and finally obtaining the optimal dimension of the bionic floor structure. Similarly, the size optimization process of the bionic structure of the floor oriental delphacidae is the same as that described above.
(4) Analysis and screening
The optimized size parameters obtained by size optimization are rounded, and the obtained optimized structure is shown in fig. 10 and 11. And carrying out finite element analysis on the two optimized structures and the floor optimized front structure, comparing the mass, the maximum equivalent stress, the maximum vertical displacement and the first-order vertical bending inherent frequency of the three structures, and obtaining the optimal floor optimized structure through comparison.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A tooth rail motor car floor lightweight design method combining bionic design is characterized by comprising the following steps:
analyzing the loaded working condition of the floor, and selecting an extreme working condition as a boundary condition of topology optimization; defining a design area and a non-design area of floor topology optimization; setting the target of the topological optimization to be the minimum strain energy and the maximum first-order sag natural frequency, adding a manufacturing constraint along longitudinal extrusion, and constraining the mass fraction of the design area; after parameter setting is completed, performing topology optimization calculation to obtain a topology configuration;
performing bionic design according to the topological configuration to obtain a plurality of bionic floor structures, wherein the bionic design comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of bionic objects based on the topological configuration according to one or more of load similarity, functional similarity, manufacturability or topological relevance principle; extracting structural features suitable for floor configuration from the bionic object; designing a corresponding bionic floor structure by combining the topological configuration and the structural characteristics of the bionic object;
parameterizing the size of each bionic floor structure, analyzing the sensitivity of each size to the floor quality, the maximum equivalent stress, the maximum vertical displacement and the first-order vertical bending inherent frequency, setting a plurality of size parameters with the highest sensitivity as optimization variables, and constructing a response surface; setting the target of size optimization as minimum mass, minimum maximum equivalent stress, minimum maximum vertical displacement and maximum first-order vertical bending inherent frequency, and carrying out multi-target response surface size optimization to obtain an optimized floor structure;
and analyzing and screening the optimized floor structure.
2. The method for designing the tooth rail motor car floor in a light weight mode according to claim 1, wherein the dimensions of the bionic floor structure comprise thicknesses of an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate, and thicknesses of a floor and a reinforcing rib.
3. The method for designing the lightweight tooth-track motor car floor according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the bionic floor structure comprises the following steps: and carrying out finite element analysis and verification on each floor optimization structure, and comparing the floor optimization structure with the quality, the maximum equivalent stress, the maximum vertical displacement and the first-order vertical bending inherent frequency of the structure before floor optimization.
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