CN115795678A - Parameter optimization method and storage medium for conceptual design of vehicle body structure - Google Patents
Parameter optimization method and storage medium for conceptual design of vehicle body structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115795678A CN115795678A CN202211507462.3A CN202211507462A CN115795678A CN 115795678 A CN115795678 A CN 115795678A CN 202211507462 A CN202211507462 A CN 202211507462A CN 115795678 A CN115795678 A CN 115795678A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: building a finite element model of the vehicle body; step two: analyzing and optimizing the topological structure of the vehicle body; step three: simulating and analyzing the multidisciplinary performance of the vehicle body; step four: building a vehicle body parameterized model; step five: building a vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integrated analysis flow; step six: DOE simulation analysis of vehicle body performance; step seven: constructing an approximate mathematical model; step eight: optimizing and analyzing to obtain the optimal variable combination. The invention also provides a storage medium. According to the invention, the vehicle body structure can be parameterized at the automobile concept design stage, the multidisciplinary performance requirements of the vehicle body are considered, and the structure optimization and lightweight work is carried out at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automobile, in particular to a parameter optimization method and a storage medium for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure.
Background
With the rapid development of the automobile industry in China, the structural optimization means in a single subject field is mature and perfect day by day, but because the automobile performance relates to the performance of a plurality of subject fields, different subjects have different requirements on the automobile body structure, so that in the optimization process, different subjects are restricted with each other, cases that optimization schemes conflict with each other occur occasionally, the automobile body structure schemes in different fields are proposed, verified, refuted, re-proposed and verified repeatedly, and great waste is caused in the aspects of resources such as manpower, material resources, development time and the like.
Different analysis indexes between different disciplines may be interrelated or mutually exclusive; therefore, after each index is optimized in place, the schemes of multiple disciplines are superposed, and some performance indexes of the automobile body possibly far exceed the target requirements, so that the performance of a single index is excessive, the weight and cost of the automobile are reduced, and the automobile product is in a disadvantage in intense competition. If the performance requirements among the multidisciplinary fields are comprehensively considered during the design period of the concept at the early stage, the performance balance needs to be considered at the design initial stage of the scheme, and the performance redundancy is reduced, so that a simulation analysis means for considering both the performance and the cost is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a parameter optimization method and a storage medium for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure, which can parameterize the vehicle body structure at the conceptual design stage of an automobile, meet the multidisciplinary performance requirements of the vehicle body and simultaneously carry out structural optimization and lightweight work.
The invention relates to a parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure, which comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: building a finite element model of the vehicle body;
step two: analyzing and optimizing the topological structure of the vehicle body: based on a finite element model of the vehicle body, defining a topological analysis design area, taking the thickness of a sheet metal part of the vehicle body as a design variable, the requirements of the bending rigidity and the torsional rigidity of the vehicle body as constraints, the volume fraction as a response, and the minimum weighted flexibility under the bending and twisting working conditions as a target, obtaining the optimal force transmission path of the design area, and performing preliminary optimization on the vehicle body structure on the basis to obtain a preliminary optimization model of the vehicle body;
step three: simulation analysis of the multidisciplinary performance of the vehicle body: completing vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis based on the vehicle body primary optimization model in the step two;
step four: building a vehicle body parameterized model: defining design variables based on the vehicle body preliminary optimization model in the second step, updating and outputting the model, and completing construction of a vehicle body parameterized model;
step five: building a multi-subject performance integration analysis flow of the vehicle body: based on the vehicle body parameterization model in the fourth step and the setting of the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis in the third step, vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis flow integration and post-processing setting are carried out, and vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integration analysis flow construction is completed;
step six: DOE simulation analysis of vehicle body performance: randomly generating a plurality of experimental samples in each design variable range according to the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integrated analysis process in the step five, and performing vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis on the plurality of experimental samples respectively to complete vehicle body performance DOE analysis;
step seven: constructing an approximate mathematical model: according to the result of the DOE analysis of the vehicle body performance in the step six, constructing an approximate mathematical model with the precision meeting the requirement;
step eight: optimizing and analyzing to obtain an optimal variable combination: and (5) carrying out optimization analysis according to the approximate mathematical model in the step seven, taking the multidisciplinary performance index requirement of the vehicle body as constraint, and carrying out optimal design on variables by taking the minimum mass of the vehicle body as a target to obtain an optimal variable combination.
Optionally, the step one includes the following steps: and (3) establishing a finite element model of the vehicle body by adopting Hypermesh and ANSA software.
Optionally, the second step includes the following steps: in Hypermesh software, defining the whole lower vehicle body as a topological analysis design area, performing topological analysis by taking the thickness of a sheet metal part of the vehicle body as a design variable, not less than the target value of the bending rigidity and the torsional rigidity of the vehicle body as constraints, taking volume fraction as response, and taking the minimum weighted flexibility under the bending and twisting working conditions as a target to obtain a unit density cloud picture of the design area, analyzing an optimal force transmission path, and performing primary optimization on the vehicle body structure on the basis to obtain a primary optimization model of the vehicle body.
Optionally, the third step includes the following steps: and D, completing vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis based on the vehicle body primary optimization model in the step two, wherein the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance comprises rigidity performance, NVH performance and collision performance.
Optionally, the fourth step includes the following steps: and (4) based on the vehicle body preliminary optimization model in the step two, adopting ANSA software to define the section size of the key cavity and the thickness of the part in the vehicle body preliminary optimization model as design variables, updating and outputting the model, and completing construction of the vehicle body parameterized model.
Optionally, the fifth step includes the following steps: and (3) based on the setting of the vehicle body parameterization model in the fourth step and the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis in the third step, respectively performing simulation analysis flow integration and post-processing setting of vehicle body rigidity performance, NVH performance and collision performance by adopting optimus software, and completing the building of the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integration analysis flow.
Optionally, the sixth step includes the following steps: and D, randomly generating a plurality of experimental samples in each design variable range by adopting optimus software according to the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integrated analysis process in the step five, and performing vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis on the plurality of experimental samples to finish the DOE analysis of the vehicle body performance.
Optionally, the seventh step includes the following steps: and (5) constructing an approximate mathematical model according to the DOE analysis result of the vehicle body performance in the step six, and if the precision of the approximate mathematical model DOEs not meet the requirement, returning to the step six to increase the collection number of the experimental samples until the precision of the approximate mathematical model meets the requirement.
Optionally, the step eight includes the following steps: taking the rigidity performance, NVH performance and collision performance index requirements of the vehicle body as constraints, and carrying out optimal variable design by taking the minimum mass of the vehicle body as a target to obtain an optimal variable combination; and calling a finite element model of the vehicle body, analyzing and verifying the obtained optimal variable combination, and if the requirements of the rigidity performance, NVH performance and collision performance indexes of the vehicle body are met, the optimization result is reasonable.
A storage medium according to the present invention, storing one or more computer-readable programs, which when executed by one or more controllers, are capable of performing the method for parameter optimization of conceptual design of a vehicle body structure according to any of claims 1 to 9.
According to the invention, the vehicle body structure can be parameterized at the automobile concept design stage, the multidisciplinary performance requirements of the vehicle body are considered, and the structure optimization and lightweight work is carried out at the same time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for parameter optimization for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a finite element model of a vehicle body according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a design area cell density cloud and a preliminary optimization scheme, in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an IPI replacement submodel and a side impact replacement submodel in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of part thickness design variables and cavity cross-sectional dimension design variables as described in the detailed description;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a body multidisciplinary performance integration analysis process according to an exemplary embodiment;
fig. 7 shows the optimization results in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, wherein the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are illustrative of the invention only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, amount and proportion of each component in actual implementation can be changed freely, and the layout of the components can be more complicated.
The method is characterized in that a certain vehicle type is taken as an example for explanation, a platform is preliminarily determined in a concept design stage of research and development of the certain vehicle type, a technical route and a scheme of a lower vehicle body are definite, but an upper vehicle body related to modeling is not determined temporarily, so that parameter optimization of structural concept design is mainly performed on the lower vehicle body.
A parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure as shown in fig. 1, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: finite element model for building vehicle body
According to the design concept of the vehicle body structure, adopting Hypermesh and ANSA software to complete the modeling of a vehicle body finite element model; in a specific example, on the basis of a certain platform vehicle type, according to a technical route and a technical scheme, the vehicle height is increased by 30mm, the vehicle width is increased by 15mm, the tail part is lengthened by 120mm, a front cabin longitudinal beam is sunk by 30mm, and a rear floor outer side rear cross beam is lifted by 88mm, and the modeling of a finite element model of the vehicle body shown in fig. 2 is completed by utilizing Hypermesh and ANSA preprocessing software.
Step two: analyzing and optimizing the topological structure of the vehicle body:
in Hypermesh software, defining the whole lower vehicle body as a topological analysis design area, taking the thickness of a sheet metal part of the vehicle body as a design variable, taking the target value of bending rigidity and torsional rigidity of the vehicle body as constraints, taking volume fraction as response, and taking the minimum weighted compliance (the weighted coefficient is 1.0) under the working conditions of bending and torsion as a target, carrying out topological analysis to obtain a unit density cloud picture of the design area as shown in figure 3a, analyzing out an optimal force transmission path, and carrying out primary optimization on the vehicle body structure on the basis of the optimal force transmission path to obtain a primary optimization model of the vehicle body; in specific implementation, the vehicle body structure is preliminarily optimized, a part needing to be reinforced on the optimal force transmission path is screened out, and the part needing to be reinforced is reinforced by means of reinforcing methods including but not limited to increasing of reinforcing parts and increasing of material thickness. As a specific example, as shown in fig. 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3f, the reinforcement means is to add 5 reinforcements.
Step three: simulation analysis of multidisciplinary performance of vehicle body
And (5) completing vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis based on the vehicle body initial optimization model in the step two, wherein the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance comprises rigidity performance, NVH performance and collision performance.
Analyzing analysis items with short time of single analysis, such as partial rigidity and NVH analysis items, by using a complete vehicle body primary optimization model; if the vehicle body preliminary optimization model is incomplete (such as no centralized quality information of internal electrical appliances, interior trim and the like) due to objective conditions or the time length of single analysis is long (such as the time length of side impact analysis is long), a partial sub-model or a similar model can be adopted for substitution analysis, the analysis time of a single sample is saved, and the analysis efficiency is effectively improved. As a specific example, the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis comprises vehicle body bending rigidity, torsional rigidity, IPI and side impact analysis, wherein the bending rigidity and the torsional rigidity are analyzed and calculated by adopting a complete vehicle body primary optimization model; as the vehicle body preliminary optimization model is incomplete, as shown in fig. 4a, a vehicle body-in-white sub-model is used as an IPI replacement sub-model, and the IPI is analyzed under the vehicle body-in-white sub-model; since the single analysis time is about 20 hours and the analysis time is too long, part of the sub-models shown in fig. 4b are intercepted as the side impact substitution sub-models for the directional optimization of the side impact performance, and the single analysis time can be shortened to about 0.5 hour. Through the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis in the third step, on one hand, the feasibility of the simulation analysis scheme can be verified, and on the other hand, the invoked analysis model can be provided as the basis for subsequently building the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integrated analysis flow.
Step four: building vehicle body parameterized model
And based on the vehicle body preliminary optimization model in the second step, defining the section size of a key cavity and the thickness of parts in the vehicle body preliminary optimization model as design variables by adopting ANSA software, updating and outputting the model, and completing construction of the vehicle body parameterized model. As a specific example, based on the vehicle body preliminary optimization model in the second step, using ANSA software to define the cross-sectional dimensions of cavities such as a front longitudinal beam, a threshold beam, a rear longitudinal beam, a cross beam and the like and the thicknesses of parts of stamping parts in the vehicle body preliminary optimization model as design variables; and updating and outputting the model to complete the construction of the vehicle body parameterized model, wherein 32 variables of the cross section size of the cavity are provided, and 66 variables of the part thickness are provided. Fig. 5a is a schematic diagram of design variables of the thickness of the part, and fig. 5b is a schematic diagram of design variables of the cross-sectional dimension of the cavity.
Step five: integrated analysis process for building multidisciplinary performance of vehicle body
Based on the setting of the vehicle body parameterization model in the fourth step and the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis in the third step, simulation analysis process integration and post-processing setting of vehicle body rigidity performance, NVH performance and collision performance are respectively carried out by adopting optimus software, and vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integration analysis process construction is completed, wherein the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integration analysis process is shown in FIG. 6.
Step six: DOE simulation analysis of vehicle body performance
And D, according to the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integration analysis process in the step five, adopting optimus software to randomly generate 400 experimental samples in each design variable range, and respectively carrying out vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis on the experimental samples to finish the vehicle body performance DOE analysis.
Step seven: building approximate mathematical model
And (5) constructing an approximate mathematical model according to the DOE analysis result of the vehicle body performance of the 400 groups of experimental samples in the step six, and if the precision of the approximate mathematical model DOEs not meet the requirement, returning to the step six to increase the collection number of the experimental samples until the precision of the approximate mathematical model meets the requirement. In specific implementation, the precision threshold of the approximate mathematical model may be set to 95%, when the precision of the approximate mathematical model is greater than 95%, the precision of the approximate mathematical model is judged to meet the requirement, otherwise, the precision of the approximate mathematical model is judged not to meet the requirement.
Step eight: optimizing analysis to obtain optimal variable combination
Taking the rigidity performance, NVH performance and collision performance index requirements of the vehicle body as constraints, and carrying out optimal variable design by taking the minimum mass of the vehicle body as a target to obtain an optimal variable combination; and calling a finite element model of the vehicle body, analyzing and verifying the obtained optimal variable combination, and if the requirements of the rigidity performance, NVH performance and collision performance index of the vehicle body are met, optimizing the result reasonably, otherwise, newly performing optimization design. As a specific example, the constraints are set as: the bending rigidity and the torsional rigidity of the vehicle body are not less than target values; the IPI meeting the target value requirement is not less than the target value; IPI which does not meet the target requirement is not less than the prior IPI value; the performance indexes of the side impact are not inferior to the current situation. With the minimum vehicle body mass as a target, performing variable optimal design to finally obtain an optimal variable combination (including variable optimization of the dimension of 12 cross-section cavities and variable optimization of the thickness of 48 groups of parts) to obtain an optimization result shown in fig. 7; then, calling a finite element model of the vehicle body, and verifying and analyzing the obtained optimal variable combination, wherein each performance index meets the constraint requirement, and the optimal variable combination is reasonable in design; and through measurement, the vehicle body mass is reduced by 14.33kg, and the vehicle body mass is effectively controlled while the structure is optimized.
The parameter optimization method for the conceptual design of the vehicle body structure has the following characteristics: the method has the advantages that the concept model can be built at the conceptual design stage of the vehicle body, the vehicle body frame structure is optimized according to the force transmission path of the vehicle body, the thickness optimization design of parts is carried out while the multidisciplinary performance structure optimization of the vehicle body is considered, namely, the structure optimization and the light weight are parallel, and stronger support is provided for the reasonable design of vehicle body data. In the sample collection stage, when the analysis items with longer time of single analysis are integrated, a partial sub-model or a similar model is proposed to be adopted for alternative analysis, the analysis time of a single sample can be shortened while the performance is considered, and the analysis efficiency is effectively improved. According to the database established by the sample calculation result, an approximate mathematical model is established for optimization, so that the problem of high time consumption caused by iterative optimization can be greatly reduced, and the optimization efficiency is greatly improved.
In some embodiments, the present invention further provides a storage medium storing one or more computer readable programs, which when executed by one or more controllers, are capable of performing the above-described parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example" or "some examples" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a finite element model of the vehicle body;
step two: analyzing and optimizing the topological structure of the vehicle body: based on a finite element model of the vehicle body, defining a topological analysis design area, taking the thickness of a sheet metal part of the vehicle body as a design variable, the requirements of the bending rigidity and the torsional rigidity of the vehicle body as constraints, the volume fraction as a response, and the minimum weighted flexibility under the bending and twisting working conditions as a target, so as to obtain an optimal force transmission path of the design area, and preliminarily optimizing the structure of the vehicle body on the basis to obtain a preliminary optimization model of the vehicle body;
step three: simulation analysis of the multidisciplinary performance of the vehicle body: completing vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis based on the vehicle body primary optimization model in the step two;
step four: building a vehicle body parameterized model: defining design variables based on the vehicle body preliminary optimization model in the second step, updating and outputting the model, and completing construction of a vehicle body parameterized model;
step five: building a multi-disciplinary performance integration analysis flow of the vehicle body: based on the vehicle body parameterization model in the fourth step and the setting of the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis in the third step, vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis flow integration and post-processing setting are carried out, and vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integration analysis flow construction is completed;
step six: DOE simulation analysis of vehicle body performance: randomly generating a plurality of experimental samples in each design variable range according to the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integrated analysis flow in the step five, and performing vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis on the plurality of experimental samples respectively to finish vehicle body performance input error or special usage analysis;
step seven: constructing an approximate mathematical model: according to the result of the DOE analysis of the vehicle body performance in the step six, constructing an approximate mathematical model with the precision meeting the requirement;
step eight: optimizing and analyzing to obtain an optimal variable combination: and (5) carrying out optimization analysis according to the approximate mathematical model in the step seven, taking the multidisciplinary performance index requirement of the vehicle body as constraint, and carrying out optimal design on variables by taking the minimum mass of the vehicle body as a target to obtain an optimal variable combination.
2. The parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure according to claim 1, wherein the step one comprises the steps of: and (3) establishing a finite element model of the vehicle body by adopting Hypermesh and ANSA software.
3. The parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure according to claim 2, wherein the second step comprises the steps of: in Hypermesh software, defining the whole lower vehicle body as a topological analysis design area, performing topological analysis by taking the thickness of a sheet metal part of the vehicle body as a design variable, not less than the target value of the bending rigidity and the torsional rigidity of the vehicle body as constraints, taking volume fraction as response, and taking the minimum weighted flexibility under the bending and twisting working conditions as a target to obtain a unit density cloud picture of the design area, analyzing an optimal force transmission path, and performing primary optimization on the vehicle body structure on the basis to obtain a primary optimization model of the vehicle body.
4. The parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure according to claim 3, wherein the third step comprises the steps of: and (5) completing vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis based on the vehicle body initial optimization model in the step two, wherein the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance comprises rigidity performance, NVH performance and collision performance.
5. The parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure according to claim 4, wherein the fourth step includes the steps of: and (4) based on the vehicle body preliminary optimization model in the step two, adopting ANSA software to define the section size of the key cavity and the thickness of the part in the vehicle body preliminary optimization model as design variables, updating and outputting the model, and completing construction of the vehicle body parameterized model.
6. The parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure according to claim 5, wherein the fifth step includes the steps of: and (3) based on the vehicle body parameterization model in the fourth step and the setting of the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis in the third step, adopting optimus software to respectively carry out simulation analysis flow integration and post-processing setting on the vehicle body rigidity performance, the NVH performance and the collision performance, and completing the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integration analysis flow construction.
7. The parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure according to claim 6, wherein the sixth step comprises the steps of: and D, randomly generating a plurality of experimental samples in each design variable range by adopting optimus software according to the vehicle body multidisciplinary performance integrated analysis process in the step five, and performing vehicle body multidisciplinary performance simulation analysis on the plurality of experimental samples to finish the DOE analysis of the vehicle body performance.
8. The parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure according to claim 7, wherein the seventh step comprises the steps of: and (5) constructing an approximate mathematical model according to the DOE analysis result of the vehicle body performance in the step six, and if the precision of the approximate mathematical model DOEs not meet the requirement, returning to the step six to increase the collection number of the experimental samples until the precision of the approximate mathematical model meets the requirement.
9. The parameter optimization method for conceptual design of a vehicle body structure according to claim 8, wherein the step eight includes the steps of: taking the rigidity performance, NVH performance and collision performance index requirements of the vehicle body as constraints, and carrying out optimal variable design by taking the minimum mass of the vehicle body as a target to obtain an optimal variable combination; and calling a finite element model of the vehicle body, analyzing and verifying the obtained optimal variable combination, and if the requirements of the rigidity performance, NVH performance and collision performance indexes of the vehicle body are met, the optimization result is reasonable.
10. A storage medium, characterized in that it stores one or more computer-readable programs, which when executed by one or more controllers, are capable of performing the method for parameter optimization of conceptual design of a body structure according to any of claims 1 to 9.
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