CN113359219B - Two-dimensional periodic symmetry grating spectrum filtering optical film - Google Patents
Two-dimensional periodic symmetry grating spectrum filtering optical film Download PDFInfo
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- CN113359219B CN113359219B CN202110517121.3A CN202110517121A CN113359219B CN 113359219 B CN113359219 B CN 113359219B CN 202110517121 A CN202110517121 A CN 202110517121A CN 113359219 B CN113359219 B CN 113359219B
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
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- G02B5/203—Filters having holographic or diffractive elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional periodic symmetric spectrum filtering optical film, which relates to the technical field of filtering and comprises a substrate, a two-dimensional grating dot matrix periodically arranged on the substrate, a covering layer arranged on the grating dot matrix and a protecting layer arranged on the covering layer, wherein the periods of the grating dot matrix along the two-dimensional direction are equal, the duty ratios along the two-dimensional direction are equal, the grating dot matrix meets the condition that the diffraction angle of incident blue-violet light with the wavelength of less than 505nm in the air is more than 90 degrees under the condition of vertical incidence along the two-dimensional direction, and the diffraction angle in a waveguide layer formed by the substrate, the grating dot matrix, the covering layer and the protecting layer is less than 90 degrees. The invention can effectively filter or prevent the damage of the transmission of blue-violet light to human eyes, can efficiently filter two orthogonal polarization states of an incident light source, does not change the polarization state of the incident light due to the isotropic characteristic, and has more efficient filtering effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of light filtering, in particular to a two-dimensional periodic symmetry grating spectrum filtering optical film.
Background
In white LED lighting, a blue light source with a wavelength of about 400-505nm is used to produce white light by pumping yellow phosphor. The long-term blue-violet light irradiation is very harmful to human eyes, and especially the blue-violet light with the wavelength below 450nm hardly contributes to the visual function of the human eyes, but is the first cause of human eye pathological changes. The blue-violet light has short wavelength, high frequency and high energy, and can penetrate through human crystalline lens to reach retina directly, thus causing damage to the retina. The eyes of people are exposed to excessive light for a long time, and dry eyes, eye pain, vision loss, maculopathy, cataract and the like can be caused.
In order to avoid damage to the eye from blue-violet light, filter technology is now used primarily to filter harmful wavelengths of waves. The existing blue light filtering membrane mainly adopts two schemes, but has respective defects. The first scheme utilizes yellow fluorescent powder to absorb blue light, and the mode filters the spectrum too wide, which causes chromatic aberration and influences the visual effect. The second scheme utilizes a vacuum coating technology to manufacture a multilayer reflective film to reflect blue light and prevent the transmission of the blue light, but simultaneously, the blue-violet light in the ambient light can be reflected to enter eyes and damage the eyes. In another scheme, by controlling the period, morphology and duty ratio of the grating, the incident blue-violet transverse electric field polarized light-TE light (the electric field is vertical to the grating lines) generates waveguide resonance and propagates transversely along the waveguide, so that a transmission valley is formed in the transmission direction to filter harmful blue-violet light. However, the one-dimensional grating structure can only effectively filter TE light, but has weak filtering effect on transverse magnetic field polarized light-TM light, so that the non-polarized light source cannot be efficiently filtered. The anisotropic polarization dependence of the one-dimensional grating often requires that the grating line direction is perpendicular to the transmission direction of the polarizer to achieve the best filtering effect, thereby limiting the application of the one-dimensional grating in liquid crystal or OLED display.
Accordingly, those skilled in the art have endeavored to provide a two-dimensional, periodically symmetric grating spectral filtering optical film to effectively filter or prevent the damage of the transmission of blue-violet light to the human eye.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a grating spectrum filtering optical film which can effectively filter or prevent the transmission of blue-violet light and achieve polarization independence.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a two-dimensional periodic symmetric grating spectrum filtering optical film, which includes a substrate, a two-dimensional grating lattice periodically arranged on the substrate, a cover layer on the grating lattice, and a protective layer on the cover layer, and is characterized in that the periods of the grating lattice along the two-dimensional direction are equal, the duty ratios of the grating lattice along the two-dimensional direction are equal, the grating lattice along the two-dimensional direction satisfies that the diffraction angle of incident blue-violet light with a wavelength of 505nm or less in the air is greater than 90 ° under vertical incidence, and the diffraction angle in a waveguide layer formed by the substrate, the grating lattice, the cover layer, and the protective layer is less than 90 °.
Further, the grating lattice period satisfies grating orders (± 1,0) and (0, ± 1) where a diffraction angle of incident blue-violet light of 505nm or less in air is larger than 90 ° and a diffraction angle in a waveguide layer constituted by the substrate, the grating lattice, the cover layer and the protective layer is smaller than 90 ° at normal incidence.
Further, the grating lattice period satisfies the grating order (± 1 ) that the diffraction angle of incident blue-violet light below 505nm in air is greater than 90 ° and the diffraction angle in the waveguide layer composed of the substrate, the grating lattice, the covering layer and the protective layer is less than 90 ° under normal incidence.
Further, the grating lattice period satisfies grating orders (± 1,0), (0, ± 1) and (± 1 ) where a diffraction angle of incident blue-violet light of 505nm or less in air is larger than 90 ° and a diffraction angle in a waveguide layer constituted by the substrate, the grating lattice, the cover layer and the protective layer is smaller than 90 ° under normal incidence.
Further, the periodic structure units of the grating lattice are squares, triangles and regular hexagons.
Furthermore, the unit structure of the grating lattice is a material with single or multiple refractive indexes, and the appearance of the unit structure is a column, a hole or a cone of a right cubic, a right circle or a right hexagon.
Further, the covering layer is coated on the upper surface and the side wall of the grating lattice, and partially or completely fills the gaps between the grating lattice units.
Furthermore, at least two materials in the materials of the covering layer, the grating lattice and the protective layer have different refractive indexes.
Furthermore, the period of the grating lattice is less than or equal to 505nm, the thickness or height of the grating lattice is 20-800nm, and the width of the grating lattice is 0.1-0.9 times of the period of the grating lattice.
Further, the resonant wavelength of the waveguide layer is less than 505nm.
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the two-dimensional structure of the two-dimensional periodic symmetric grating spectrum filtering optical film provided by the invention can efficiently filter two orthogonal polarization states of an incident light source, has higher efficiency than that of a one-dimensional grating structure, has the isotropic characteristic without changing the polarization state of the incident light, is suitable for liquid crystal or OLED display devices, can be cut at will, and saves raw materials.
2. The two-dimensional periodic symmetric grating spectrum filtering optical film provided by the invention can realize a very good blue-violet light filtering effect through simple parameter design, has lower cost than a multilayer coating technology, is suitable for filtering blue-violet harmful light in display screens of televisions, computers, mobile phones and the like and LED lighting lamps, and can prevent the transmission and reflection of harmful blue light in the environment, thereby realizing a better eye protection effect.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a dimensional schematic of a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a periodic unit of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C are graphs showing the results of transmittance simulation of example 1 of the present invention, in which the directions of electric fields are along the X-axis, Y-axis, and at an angle of 45 DEG to the X-axis, respectively;
FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C are graphs showing the results of transmittance simulation of example 2 of the present invention, in which the directions of the electric fields are along the X-axis, Y-axis and at an included angle of 45 DEG with respect to the X-axis, respectively;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a grating lattice unit of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 7A, 7B, and 7C are graphs showing the results of transmittance simulation of example 3 of the present invention, in which the electric field directions are along the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the included angle of 45 ° with the X-axis, respectively.
The optical grating comprises a substrate 1, a covering layer 2, a grating lattice 3 and a protective layer 4.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components may be exaggerated where appropriate in the figures to improve clarity.
As shown in fig. 1, the two-dimensional periodic symmetric spectral filtering optical film according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate 1, two-dimensional grating lattices 3 periodically arranged on the substrate 1, a cover layer 2 on the grating lattices 3, and a protective layer 4 on the cover layer 2.
The cover layer 2 is applied to the upper and side surfaces of the grating array 3, partially or completely filling the gaps between the lattice elements. The symmetry of the grating lattice 3 is square, triangular and regular hexagonal, the unit structure of the grating lattice 3 is a single or multiple refractive index material, and the appearance is a column, a hole or a cone of a regular square, a regular circle or a regular hexagon.
The design principle of the invention is that the nano optical film with the two-dimensional sub-wavelength grating structure is utilized, and the blue and violet light is transversely guided or resonantly reflected by reasonable design parameters, so that the transmission of the blue and violet light is reduced. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the parameters of the grating lattice 3 are as follows: p 1 The period, P, of the grating lattice 3 in the x-direction 2 Period of the grating lattice 3 in the y-direction, L 1 The unit structure width, L, of the grating lattice 3 in the x direction 2 Is the unit structure width, h, of the grating lattice 3 in the y direction 1 Is the thickness of the cover layer 2, h 2 Is the height, L, of the grating lattice 3 3 The width of the cover layer 2.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the period P in the x and y directions of the grating lattice 3 1 And P 2 Equal, width L of unit structure of grating lattice 3 in x and y directions 1 And L 2 Are equal. The grating lattice 3, the covering layer 2 and the protective layer 4 are made of at least two materials with different refractive indexes. The period of the grating lattice 3 is such that the grating order number at which the diffraction angle of incident blue-violet light below 505nm at normal incidence in air is greater than 90 DEG and the diffraction angle in the waveguide layer formed by the substrate 1, the grating lattice 3, the cover layer 2 and the protective layer 4 is less than 90 DEG is (± 1,0), (0, ± 1) or (± 1 ) or (± 1,0), (0, ± 1), (± 1,+/-1) are provided at the same time. By controlling the size ratio (duty ratio) of the grating lattice 3 in one period and controlling the refractive indexes and heights of the grating lattice 3, the covering layer 2 and the protective layer 4, the transmission efficiency of the resonant wavelength lambda of blue-violet light below 505nm to be filtered is minimized, and the resonant wavelength is preferably at the central wavelength of the blue-light LED pump light source and below.
Preferably, the period P of the grating lattice 3 1 、P 2 Not more than 505nm, the height h of the grating lattice 3 2 =20-800nm, unit structure width L of grating lattice 3 1 、L 2 Is a period P 1 、P 2 0.1-0.9 times the height h of the cover layer 2 1 =10-150nm. Preferably, the refractive indices of the materials of the grating lattice 3 and the cover layer 2 are not equal. The cover layer 2 is composed of a single layer or a plurality of layers of different materials.
Preferably, the material of the grating lattice 3 is zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide or silicon nitride, resin, PC, PET, PMMA, SU8 or photoresist; the protective layer 4 is made of air, glass, resin, PC, PET, PMMA, SU8, photoresist, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide or silicon nitride; the material of the covering layer 2 is zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride, resin, PC, PET, PMMA, SU8 or photoresist.
The invention also discloses the following 3 specific embodiments.
Example 1
Square lattice two-dimensional sub-wavelength grating, period P of grating lattice 3 1 ＝P 2 =285nm, the unit structure of the grating lattice 3 is a cylinder, the refractive index is 1.51, and the diameter L of the cylinder 1 ＝L 2 =142.5nm, height h of the grating lattice 3 1 =100nm, refractive index of the cover layer 2 is 2.3, and thickness h of the cover layer 2 3 =30nm, width L of the cover layer 2 3 =10nm, and the refractive indices of the substrate 1 and the protective layer 4 are both 1.51. As a result of simulating transmitted light by strictly coupled waves as shown in fig. 4A, 4B, and 4C, the transmitted valleys (corresponding to the (1,0) and the (0, ± 1) diffraction orders) are 452nm wavelength under normal incidence, and a good blue light filtering effect is exhibited. When the electric field direction of the incident light respectively forms an included angle with the X axis along the X axis, the Y axis and the X axisAt 45 deg., the transmission line does not change, so it can be concluded that it is insensitive to the polarization direction. Compared with a one-dimensional grating, the grating has obvious filtering effect only on incident light of which the electric field is parallel to the grating lines, but has small polarization effect on the other orthogonal grating, and the two-dimensional periodic symmetry grating has better filtering effect on natural light.
Example 2
Square lattice two-dimensional sub-wavelength grating, period P of grating lattice 3 1 ＝P 2 =403nm, the unit structure of the grating lattice 3 is a cylinder, the refractive index is 1.51, and the diameter L of the cylinder 1 ＝L 2 =201.5nm, height h of the grating lattice 3 1 =80nm, refractive index of the cover layer 2 of 2.3, thickness h of the cover layer 2 3 =30nm, width L of the cover layer 2 3 =10nm, the refractive indices of the substrate 1 and the protective layer 4 are both 1.51. As shown in fig. 5A, 5B and 5C, the results of simulating transmitted light with strictly coupled waves along the X axis, the Y axis and the included angle of 45 ° with the X axis in the electric field direction of the normally incident light respectively show that under the condition of normal incidence, the transmitted valley value (corresponding to (± 1, ± 1)) is 450nm wavelength, and a good blue light filtering effect is shown. Meanwhile, the transmission efficiency of the wavelength of 550nm which is most sensitive to human eyes is close to 100 percent, so that the display and illumination effects are better.
Example 3
Square lattice two-dimensional sub-wavelength grating, period P of grating lattice 3 1 ＝P 2 =295nm, as shown in fig. 6, the unit structure of the grating lattice 3 is a square column, the refractive index is 2.05, and the side length L of the square column 1 ＝L 2 =147.5nm, height h of grating lattice 3 1 =150nm, the refractive indices of the substrate 1, the cover layer 2 and the protective layer 4 are all 1.51, and the cover layer 2 and the protective layer 4 fill the region outside the cells of the grating lattice 3. As shown in fig. 7A, 7B, and 7C, the results of simulating transmitted light for strictly coupled waves in the vertical incident light electric field directions along the X axis, the Y axis, and the included angle of 45 ° with the X axis respectively show that the transmitted valleys (corresponding to the (± 1,0) and the (0, ± 1) order diffraction) are 450nm wavelength under the vertical incident condition, and a good blue light filtering effect is exhibited. Meanwhile, the transmission efficiency of the region more than 450nm is close to 95 percent, so the method has better displayA display and a lighting effect.
The two-dimensional periodic symmetry grating spectrum filtering optical film can effectively filter or prevent the damage of the transmission of blue-violet light to human eyes, can efficiently filter two orthogonal polarization states of an incident light source, does not change the polarization state of the incident light due to the isotropic characteristic, and has higher filtering effect.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A two-dimensional periodic symmetric grating spectrum filtering optical film comprises a substrate, a two-dimensional grating lattice periodically arranged on the substrate, a covering layer arranged on the grating lattice and a protective layer arranged on the covering layer, and is characterized in that the periods of the grating lattice along the two-dimensional direction are equal in size, the duty ratios of the grating lattice along the two-dimensional direction are equal, the period of the grating lattice is less than or equal to 505nm, the thickness or height of the grating lattice is 20-800nm, and the width of the grating lattice is 0.1-0.9 times of the period of the grating lattice; the grating lattice satisfies the conditions that the diffraction angle of incident blue-violet light below 505nm in the air is larger than 90 degrees under the condition of vertical incidence and the diffraction angle in a waveguide layer formed by the substrate, the grating lattice, the covering layer and the protective layer is smaller than 90 degrees along two-dimensional directions; the grating lattice period satisfies the grating orders that under normal incidence, the diffraction angle of incident blue-violet light below 505nm in air is larger than 90 degrees and the diffraction angle in a waveguide layer formed by the substrate, the grating lattice, the covering layer and the protective layer is smaller than 90 degrees, wherein the grating orders are (+ -1,0) and (0, + -1), or (+ -1 ), or (+ -1,0), (0, + -1) and (+ -1 ).
2. The two-dimensional periodic grating spectral filtering optical film according to claim 1, wherein the periodic structure units of the grating lattice are squares, triangles, and regular hexagons.
3. The two-dimensional, periodically symmetric, grating spectral filtering optical film of claim 1, wherein the cover layer is applied to the top surface and sidewalls of the grating lattice, partially or completely filling the gaps between the grating lattice elements.
4. The two-dimensional periodic grating spectral filter optical film of claim 3, wherein at least two of the materials of said cover layer, said grating lattice, and said protective layer have unequal refractive indices.
5. The two-dimensional periodically symmetric grating spectral-filtering optical film of claim 2, wherein the resonant wavelength of the waveguiding layer is less than 505nm.
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