CN113359069B - High-efficiency full Stokes component polarization measurement method - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J4/00—Measuring polarisation of light
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency full Stokes component polarization measurement method, which comprises the following steps: designing a polarization measuring device, wherein the polarization measuring device comprises a lambda/2 micro-phase retarder array, a 3 lambda/4 micro-phase retarder array and a linear polaroid, and optimizing to obtain the fast axis azimuth angle of each micro-phase retarder in the two micro-phase retarder arrays; obtaining the arrangement of the two micro-phase retarder arrays and the linear polaroid based on the optimization result; the incident light enters a polarization measuring device to correspondingly obtain a light intensity signal L after 4 kinds of polarization modulation1，L2，L3，L4(ii) a From the light intensity signal L1，L2，L3，L4Resolving to obtain full Stokes component(s)0，s1，s2，s3)TWhere T denotes the vector transpose sign. The method can realize the same measurement efficiency of the linear polarization component and the circular polarization component, maximize the overall efficiency, and is beneficial to reducing the uncertainty in the measurement process and improving the measurement efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar magnetic field measurement, in particular to a high-efficiency full Stokes component polarization measurement method.
Background
In the research of the atmospheric structure of the sun and various movement phenomena of the sun, the magnetic field plays an important role, and the measurement of the solar magnetic field has important significance for understanding the physical mechanism and the dynamic process of various movement phenomena on the surface of the sun. Particularly, the research on the effects of the solar magnetic field and the solar wind on the earth magnetic field and the earth ionosphere has practical application value on short-wave wireless communication, a navigation system, spacecraft flight safety and the like.
By means of the Zeeman effect and the Hanler effect, the polarization measurement technology can effectively measure the solar magnetic field, and the measured polarization signals are converted into magnetic field information through the polarization radiation transfer theory, so that the analysis of the solar magnetic field information is realized. Therefore, the development of the polarization technology can effectively promote the measurement level of the solar magnetic field.
The first step in the solar magnetic field polarization measurement process is to perform polarization modulation on incident light from the solar incident polarization measurement instrument. And then, acquiring an image intensity signal obtained by polarization modulation by using a camera, finally obtaining the polarization information of incident light through numerical calculation, and further obtaining the magnetic field information through a radiation transfer theory. Considering that the Stokes component signal is generally weak in the measurement of the solar magnetic field, it is necessary to implement high-efficiency measurement of the full Stokes component to implement inverse solution of the solar magnetic field signal. Therefore, the patent provides a high-efficiency full Stokes component polarization measurement method for measuring the solar magnetic field.
Chinese patent document CN 104216135 a discloses a polarizer array for obtaining full polarization parameters, a preparation method and applications thereof. The invention discloses a 2x 2-sized micro-polarizer unit. However, the polarization measurement mode of the invention has low polarization measurement efficiency and is difficult to be applied to the field of solar magnetic field measurement.
Chinese patent document CN 103063300B discloses a micro-polarization modulation array for realizing full-polarization imaging. The invention discloses a micro-polarization modulation array for realizing full-polarization imaging, which consists of a micro-phase retarder array and a micro-polarizing film. However, the polarization measurement method of the invention has low polarization measurement efficiency and is difficult to be applied to the field of solar magnetic field measurement.
In summary, in the field of solar magnetic field measurement, how to develop a polarization measurement method with high efficiency, high reliability and smaller instrument volume for full Stokes components is a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize the high-polarization-efficiency full Stokes component polarization measurement of the solar magnetic field, the invention provides a high-efficiency full Stokes component polarization measurement method for the solar magnetic field measurement.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency full Stokes component polarization measurement method comprises the following steps:
step 1: designing a polarization measuring device, wherein the polarization measuring device comprises a lambda/2 micro-phase retarder array, a 3 lambda/4 micro-phase retarder array and a linear polaroid, and optimizing to obtain the fast axis azimuth angle of each micro-phase retarder in the two micro-phase retarder arrays;
step 2: obtaining the arrangement of the two micro-phase retarder arrays and the linear polaroid based on the optimization result;
and step 3: the incident light enters a polarization measuring device to correspondingly obtain a light intensity signal L after 4 kinds of polarization modulationl,L2,L3,L4；
And 4, step 4: from the light intensity signal L1,L2,L3,L4Resolving to obtain full Stokes component(s)0,s1,s2,s3)TWhere T denotes the vector transpose sign.
Furthermore, the measurement efficiency of the linear polarization component and the circular polarization component are the same, and both the linear polarization component and the circular polarization component have the same measurement efficiency
And the overall efficiency is 1, i.e., the polarization efficiency is maximum.
Further, the phase delay amount of the lambda/2 micro-phase retarder array is lambda/2, and the lambda/2 micro-phase retarder array is used for measuring the linear polarization component s1、s2The phase delay amount of the 3 lambda/4 micro-phase retarder array is 3 lambda/4, and the array is used for measuring the circular polarization component s3The linear polaroid is used as an analyzer for carrying out polarization modulation on the full Stokes component; the two micro phase retarder arrays and the linear polaroid are sequentially arranged in sequence to carry out polarization modulation on incident light.
Further, the relationship between the Stokes component of the incident light and the measured light intensity signal is as follows:
the invention has the advantages that:
1. the high-efficiency full Stokes component polarization measurement method provided by the invention can realize the same measurement efficiency of linear polarization components and circular polarization components, maximizes the overall efficiency, is beneficial to reducing uncertainty in the measurement process, improves the measurement efficiency and is beneficial to developing solar magnetic field polarization measurement.
2. The micro-phase retarder array and the linear polaroid adopted by the invention have smaller volumes, thereby reducing the system installation and adjustment and calculation errors, being convenient for installation and adjustment and being easy to realize;
3. the invention can be connected with various optical systems, such as a telescope, an optical element and the like, through a mechanical interface structure, and is convenient to be integrated with other optical systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the array distribution of a λ/2 microphase retarder array according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the array distribution of the 3 λ/4 microphase retarder array according to the present invention.
Reference numerals are as follows: 100: a polarization measuring device; 101: an interface mechanical mechanism; 102: a measuring device housing; 103: an image sensor; 110: a λ/2 microphase retarder array; 120: a 3 λ/4 microphase retarder array; 130: a linear polarizing plate; 111: a fast axis 112.5 DEG direction lambda/2 microphase delayer; 112: a lambda/2 microphase delayer in the direction of 157.5 degrees of the fast axis; 121: 3 lambda/4 micro phase delayer in direction of fast axis 112.5 degree; 122: fast axis 67.5 deg. directional 3 lambda/4 microphase retarder.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to explain the technical solutions in detail.
The method comprises the design of a high-efficiency polarization measurement method and a set of polarization measurement device. The polarization efficiency measuring method provided by the invention can ensure that the linear polarization component and the circular polarization component have the same measurement efficiency and are both
And the overall efficiency is 1, i.e. the polarization efficiency is maximum. By the design, uncertainty in the measurement process can be reduced, measurement efficiency is improved, and development of solar magnetic field polarization measurement is facilitated.
The polarization measuring device provided by the invention uses two micro-phase retarder arrays and a linear polaroid as a polarization modulation device. One micro phase retarder array with phase retardation of lambda/2 can be used for measuring linear polarization component s1、s2. The phase retardation of another micro-retarder array is 3 lambda/4, and can be used for measuring the circular polarization component s3. The linear polarizer can be used as an analyzer to perform polarization modulation on the full Stokes component. The two micro phase retarder arrays and the linear polaroid are sequentially arranged, and polarization modulation of incident light can be achieved.
In this embodiment, a specific structure of the polarization measurement apparatus is shown in fig. 1. The polarization measurement device 100 is comprised of a mechanical interface structure 101, a measurement device housing 102, an image sensor 103, a λ/2 microphase retarder array 110, a 3 λ/4 microphase retarder array 120, and a linear polarizer 130.
The mechanical interface structure 101 may interface the polarization measurement device 100 to various types of optical systems. The measuring device housing 102 may be used to secure components within the mechanical measuring device 100.
The lambda/2 micro-phase retarder array 110, the 3 lambda/4 micro-phase retarder array 120 and the linear polarizer 130 are used for carrying out polarization modulation on incident light, and the image sensor 103 is used for collecting and recording light intensity signals after polarization modulation. The phase delay amount of the λ/2 micro phase retarder array 110 is λ/2. The phase delay amount of the λ/2 micro phase retarder array 120 is 3 λ/4. The fast axis azimuth angle of the linear polarizer 130 is 0 °.
The array distribution of the λ/2 microphase retarder array 110 is shown in fig. 2. In the λ/2 microphase retarder array 110, every 4 microphase retarders are grouped and distributed periodically, wherein the upper right corner and the upper left corner are the λ/2 microphase retarders 111 in the direction of the fast axis 112.5 °, and the lower left corner and the lower right corner are the λ/2 microphase retarders 112 in the direction of the fast axis 157.5 °.
The array distribution of the 3 λ/4 microphase retarder array 120 is shown in fig. 3. In the 3 λ/4 microphase retarder array 120, every 4 microphase retarders are grouped and distributed periodically, wherein the upper left corner and the lower right corner are the 3 λ/4 microphase retarders 121 in the direction of the fast axis 112.5 °, and the lower left corner and the upper right corner are the 3 λ/4 microphase retarders 122 in the direction of the fast axis 67.5 °.
During the installation process, the horizontal and vertical positions of the λ/2 microphase retarder array 110, the 3 λ/4 microphase retarder 122, the linear polarizer 130, and the image sensor 103 are identical, and there is no offset between the four relative positions, so as to ensure that the incident light can be completely polarization-modulated and the incident light can enter the image sensor 103.
Advantages of using microphase retarder arrays include: redundant mechanical fixing structures are reduced, so that the light weight and miniaturization design of the polarization measuring device is facilitated; the image rotation phenomenon generated in the polarization modulation process is reduced, and the modulation signal resolving difficulty is reduced; compared with a liquid crystal polarization device, the optical property of the micro-phase retarder array is more stable and is not easily influenced by the environment. In addition, if 4 components of the full Stokes are measured, at least 4 modulations of the polarization signal are required. Therefore, the two micro-phase retarder arrays use 4 micro-phase retarders as one period.
Through numerical calculation, the relationship between the Stokes component of the solar incident light and the measured light intensity signal can be obtained as follows:
thereby realizing the fast calculation of the full Stokes component.
The theory of the invention is as follows:
the incident solar light has a certain polarization signal, and the Stokes component of the incident light is(s)0,s1,s2,s3)T. The polarization modulation process can modulate the Stokes component of the incident light into a light intensity signal, and then the light intensity signal can be collected by an image sensor.
The present invention selects two micro-retarder arrays 110, 120 and a linear polarizer 130 as the polarization modulation device. The phase retardation of the λ/2 microphase retarder array 110 is λ/2, and can be used for measuring the linear polarization component s1、s2. The 3 lambda/4 microphase retarder array 120 has a phase retardation of 3 lambda/4 and can be used to measure the circularly polarized component s3. The linear polarizer 130 may act as an analyzer to polarization modulate the full Stokes component. The micro-retarder arrays 110, 120 and the linear polarizer 130 are sequentially arranged in order to realize polarization modulation of incident light.
Advantages of using microphase retarder arrays include: redundant mechanical fixing structures are reduced, so that the light weight and miniaturization design of the polarization measuring device is facilitated; the image rotation phenomenon generated in the polarization modulation process is reduced, and the modulation signal resolving difficulty is reduced; compared with a liquid crystal polarization device, the optical property of the micro-phase retarder array is more stable and is not easily influenced by the environment. In addition, if 4 components of the full Stokes are measured, at least 4 modulations of the polarization signal are required. Therefore, the two micro-phase retarder arrays use 4 micro-phase retarders as one period.
The Stokes component of the incident solar light is(s)0,s1,s2,s3)T. After the incident light passes through the λ/2 microphase retarder array 110, the 3 λ/4 microphase retarder 120, and the linear polarizer 130, the light intensity is polarization-modulated four times. The fast axis azimuth angle reference of the polarization measurement device is the camera bottom horizontal direction baseline. The Mueller matrix of the micro-phase retarder is denoted as Mij(θij,φi) Where i is 1,2 corresponds to the micro retarder array 110 and the micro retarder array 120, respectively, j is 1,2,3,4 corresponds to four micro phase retarders, respectively, θijIs the fast axis azimuth angle phiiIs the amount of phase delay. The Mueller matrix of the linear polarizer 130 is denoted as MP(0 °), 0 ° in parentheses is the fast axis azimuth angle of the linear polarizer. The four polarization modulation effects generated by the three devices can be expressed as MP(0°)·M2j(θ2j,3λ/4)·M1j(θ1jLambda/2). Taking the first row of elements of the matrix product of the four polarization modulation actions, a new 4 x 4 instrument modulation matrix M can be formed. The light intensity signal obtained by combining and corresponding to each unit in the array is (L)1,L2,L3,L4)TS of incident light with the sunthe relationship of the tokens components is (L)1,L2,L3,L4)T＝M·(s0,s1,s2,s3)T。
The fast axis azimuth design of the micro phase retarder needs to satisfy the following conditions: the difference between the azimuth angles of the fast axes is 45 degrees, so that the processing is convenient; the polarization measuring device has the same measuring efficiency for the Stokes circular polarization component and the linear polarization component. In consideration of the above two points, in the λ/2 microphase retarder array 110, the upper right corner and the upper left corner are the fast axis 112.5 ° direction λ/2 microphase retarder 111, and the lower left corner and the lower right corner are the fast axis 157.5 ° direction λ/2 microphase retarder 112; in the 3 λ/4 microphase retarder array 120, the upper left and lower right corners are fast axis 112.5 ° directional 3 λ/4 microphase retarders 121, and the lower left and upper right corners are fast axis 67.5 ° directional 3 λ/4 microphase retarders 122.
With the above configuration, the modulation matrix of the polarization measurement apparatus can be expressed as:
correspondingly, the demodulation matrix of the polarization measurement device can be represented as:
the measurement efficiency of the polarization measurement device can be expressed as:
where, I ═ 1,2,3, and 4 correspond to the I, Q, U, and V components of Stokes, respectively. Solving the correspondence to obtain
I.e. the linear polarization component measures an efficiency of
The circular polarization component is measured with efficiency of
The overall measurement efficiency is
A maximum value is reached. Thereby achieving high efficiency measurement. By the design, uncertainty in the measurement process can be reduced, measurement efficiency is improved, and development of solar magnetic field polarization measurement is facilitated.
The light intensity signal obtained by correspondingly combining each unit in the array is L1,L2,L3,L4Which correspond to the top right corner, top left corner, bottom left corner and bottom right corner, respectively. The relationship between the light intensity signal and the Stokes component can be expressed as:
through numerical calculation, the Stokes component of the solar incident light is obtained as follows:
in the implementation and application, the invention can complete the measurement of the full Stokes component of the solar incident light through the polarization measurement device 100, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1: designing a high-efficiency measurement scheme of a polarization measurement device, wherein the design is based on a lambda/2 micro-phase retarder array, a 3 lambda/4 micro-phase retarder array and a linear polaroid, and optimizing to obtain the fast axis azimuth angle of each micro-phase retarder in the two micro-phase retarder arrays;
step 2: based on the design result, obtaining the arrangement of two micro-phase retarder arrays and linear polaroids, and correspondingly building a polarization measuring device;
and step 3: the incident light enters a polarization measuring device to correspondingly obtain a light intensity signal L after 4 kinds of polarization modulation1,L2,L3,L4；
And 4, step 4: from the light intensity signal L1,L2,L3,L4Resolving to obtain full Stokes component(s)0,s1,s2,s3)TWhere T denotes the vector transpose sign.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A high-efficiency full Stokes component polarization measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: designing a polarization measuring device, wherein the polarization measuring device comprises a lambda/2 micro-phase retarder array, a 3 lambda/4 micro-phase retarder array and a linear polaroid, and optimizing to obtain the fast axis azimuth angle of each micro-phase retarder in the two micro-phase retarder arrays; the phase delay amount of the lambda/2 micro-phase retarder array is lambda/2, and the lambda/2 micro-phase retarder array is used for measuring a linear polarization component s1、s2The 3 lambda/4 micro-phase retarder array has the phase retardation of 3 lambda/4 and is used for measuring the circular polarization component s3The linear polaroid is used as an analyzer for carrying out polarization modulation on the full Stokes component; the two micro phase retarder arrays and the linear polaroid are sequentially arranged in sequence to carry out polarization modulation on incident light;
step 2: obtaining the arrangement of the two micro-phase retarder arrays and the linear polaroid based on the optimization result;
and step 3: the incident light enters a polarization measuring device to correspondingly obtain a light intensity signal L after 4 kinds of polarization modulation1，L2，L3，L4；
And 4, step 4: from the light intensity signal L1，L2，L3，L4Resolving to obtain full Stokes component(s)0，s1，s2，s3)TWhere T denotes the vector transpose sign.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the linear polarization component and the circular polarization component have the same measurement efficiency and are all measured with the same measurement efficiency
And the overall efficiency is 1, i.e. the polarization efficiency is maximum.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relationship between the Stokes component of the incident light and the measured light intensity signal is:
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