CN1133583C - 联合生产氨合成混合物和一氧化碳的方法和设备 - Google Patents
联合生产氨合成混合物和一氧化碳的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种生产氨合成混合物和一氧化碳的方法。在氮清洗塔(61)中提纯氢。在中压汽提塔(62)中,然后在低压蒸馏塔(63)中,从在所述氮清洗塔(61)底部收集的第一种液体馏分(51)中低温回收一氧化碳。从洗涤塔(61)的顶部和底部之间的中间位置排出第二种液体馏分(52)。
Description
本发明涉及联合生产氨合成混合物(N2+3H2)和一氧化碳,以及用于这种联合生产的设备。
传统上,一氧化碳可通过烃类的蒸汽转化或部分氧化获得,通过使用传统的提纯工艺的装置可生产高纯度一氧化碳。这包括诸如部分冷凝或用液体甲烷清洗的低温工艺。提纯采用的其它方法是吸收法,如Tenneco Chemicals COSORB方法,或吸附方法(变压吸附或PSA)。
特别是当烃或煤部分氧化产生氢时,一氧化碳可在制备用于氨合成的合成混合物的方法中生产。附图1示出这种传统的制备合成混合物的方法,简要描述如下:
在1处从由3处的部分氧化烃或煤的步骤产生的混合物中除去烟灰,和在2处清除硫化氢之后,转化CO的步骤4在蒸汽作用下将存在的大部分CO转化成二氧化碳(CO2),同时产生氢。通过在5处吸附除去CO2后,使该气体混合物经过用氮气清洗的低温步骤6,提供合成混合物(N2+3H2),以及含有主要是一氧化碳,氢,甲烷和氮的残余气体。
附图1也说明了氨合成的其它操作:在7处常压蒸馏,提供部分氧化3所需的氧和清洗步骤6所需的氮;在8处NH3完全合成,从步骤6输出的合成混合物在9处被压缩;在透平10中蒸汽膨胀驱动压缩机9;在11处通过Claus方法处理由步骤2输出的硫化氢产生硫,以及热交换器12-14。
在现有技术中,燃烧由氮清洗步骤6来的残余气体。
EP-A-0,092,770公开了一种生产一氧化碳的方法,在上述的特殊情况下,可利用富含一氧化碳的残余气体生产一氧化碳。残余气体在一氧化碳生产方法中作为原料混合物,该专利申请所描述的方法之一包括一个用甲烷清洗的步骤以从还含有甲烷,一氧化碳和氮的混合物中分离出氢。将这样产生的冷凝物在第一蒸馏塔中蒸馏,以将甲烷与混合物的其余成分分离。来自第一蒸馏塔顶部的气体主要含有一氧化碳,将其在第二蒸馏塔中蒸馏,以提取所剩余的氮和氢,而纯净的一氧化碳在该塔底部排出。
然后,将一氧化碳用作第一和第二塔顶部冷凝器的冷却剂。
EP-A-0,676,373描述了一种从由氮清洗装置产生的富含一氧化碳的残余气体生产一氧化碳的方法。
迄今为止,通过使用来自氮清洗装置的残余气体作为单独的一氧化碳生产装置的原料混合物可生产一氧化碳,因而可利用以前被简单地燃烧掉的该残余物。
本发明的目的是提供一种可减少能耗,同时也可降低投资成本的生产一氧化碳的方法。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供适合其它生产工艺的具有高纯度的一氧化碳。
本发明的还一个目的在于提供一种可与将用于氨合成混合物的生产的氢提纯结合在一起的方法。
本发明的最后一个目的是提供一套实施该工艺的装置。
为此,本发明涉及一种联合生产氨合成混合物和一氧化碳的方法,其包含,一方面由通过在清洗塔中用氮清洗,在最后的步骤中在高压下提纯的氢,另一方面由来自高压下的氮物流生产氨合成混合物(N2+3H2);
其特征在于步骤为:
-从所述氮清洗塔的底部排出第一种液体馏分,其富含一氧化碳且含少量的包括氮,氢和甲烷的残余组分,及在上述清洗塔的顶部和底部之间的中间位置排出第二种液体馏分,其富含氮且含少量的一氧化碳,
-低温提纯上述第一种馏分中的一氧化碳:首先,在一汽提塔顶部中压分离剩余的氢;再在一蒸馏塔中低压蒸馏,在其顶部从来自在汽提塔中第一次分离生成的底部混合物中分离一氧化碳和剩余的氮。
本发明还涉及联合生产氨合成混合物和一氧化碳的设备,其包括用于分离主要含有氢和一氧化碳以及包含氮和甲烷的其他组分的气体混合物组分的低温设备,包括一热交换器,一可提供高压氮物流源和一液氮清洗塔,其特征在于:
-氮清洗塔包括用于从该塔的底部和顶部的中间位置排出液体的装置;和
-该设备还包括:
·带有蒸发装置的中压汽提塔,在其底部产生一富含一氧化碳的液体馏分,在其顶部产生氢;
·带有膨胀设备的管路,将氮清洗塔底部的液体馏分输送到上述汽提塔中;
·带有蒸发装置和顶部冷凝器的低压蒸馏塔,在其底部产生富含甲烷的馏分,和在其顶部产生富含一氧化碳的馏分;
·带有膨胀装置的管路,将汽提塔底部的液体馏分输送到蒸馏塔的中间位置。
本发明人已经证明,不是通过利用传统的在最后步骤提纯氢(以生成氨合成混合物)产出的残余气体生产适宜纯度的一氧化碳,而是通过直接处理在所述氮清洗步骤底部产生的液体生产适宜纯度的一氧化碳,同时生产这种氨合成混合物。
他们还证明可在预定生产氨的氢的低温提纯过程中,从氮清洗产出的残余物中可生产一氧化碳,而没有如现有技术那样将其压缩并加热。
意外地,发明人还发现,通过降低一氧化碳在其提纯的初始步骤中的(产出)效率,最终将获得适合于其一般应用纯度的一氧化碳同时节约能源和投资成本。
现参照附图2对本发明的说明性实施方案进行描述,该图简要代表了根据本发明的联合生产氨合成混合物和一氧化碳的装置。
附图2所示的装置替代了附图1中的框6。
这样作的目的一方面是从主要含有氢和一氧化碳以及其它组分(包括甲烷和氮)的原料气体混合物50中提纯氢,以获得可供生产氨所使用的合成混合物,另一方面直接从上述提纯氢方法产出的残余物生产高纯度(至少98%)的一氧化碳。
装置6中的原料混合物的组成可视用于产生氨合成气体的方法(蒸汽转化,部分氧化等)的类型而不同。
下文涉及的压力均为绝对压力。
装置6主要包括一间接逆流型热交换器60,液氮清洗塔61,装备有底部蒸发器64的汽提塔62,装备有底部蒸发器65和顶部冷凝器66的蒸馏塔63以及透平膨胀机67。
该装置以下述方式运行:
在框5出口处在15-70巴的高压下得到的原料气体混合物50在热交换器60中冷却至-180℃至-190℃之间的温度。
然后,将该混合物输送到清洗塔61的底部,在其入口处处于部分冷凝状态。
该混合物在清洗塔61中被分离成液体馏分51(收集在塔底)和气体馏分。
将主要由氢组成的气体馏分在装有塔板或填料(未示出)的清洗塔61中用在高压下输送到塔顶的液氮75清洗。然后,主要含氢的气流53从顶部离开该塔。
氢馏分53具有适于合成氨的纯度。
为此,向上述氢馏分中加入补充氮74,以形成合成混合物80(N2+3H2)并在热交换器60中最终加热至环境温度。
另外,液体馏分52在塔61的底部和顶部之间的中间位置排出。该馏分富含氮且含较少量的一氧化碳。
馏分52在减压阀152中将其压力减至低压(一般为1.5巴),然后在被送入残余网络系统90(“燃料气体”)之前将其在热交换器60中汽化,并加热至环境温度。
从在塔61底部收集到的液体馏分51中提纯一氧化碳。
馏分51含有少量的氮而富含一氧化碳,且含有在初始原料混合物50中存在的其它组分。它一般含有至少为原料混合物50所含一氧化碳量的90%的一氧化碳以及剩余的氢和氮和其它组分(包括甲烷)。
馏分51是与生产一氧化碳相关的直接来源。
按照下述的二个步骤提纯一氧化碳:
首先利用减压阀54将其压力降低后,通过在汽提塔62中在中压下(一般为10巴)进行分离将溶于液体馏分51中的残余氢排出。
在塔62顶部的气流55中收集分离出来的氢,在减压阀155中将其压力减至低压后,在60中加热并送至残余网络系统90。
主要由一氧化碳组成并含有残余氮以及在原料混合物50中初始存在的其他组分(包括甲烷)的液体馏分56在塔62底部收集。
利用减压阀57减压后,馏分56在低压下经蒸馏塔63的中间位置被输送到塔内。
在塔63中进行分离后,富含一氧化碳且还含有残余氮的气体馏分58在塔顶被收集。该馏分中N2/CO比例不大于2%。
馏分58在热交换器60中被加热至环境温度,提供所需的一氧化碳具有与其用于其他传统的生产方法相适宜的纯度。
富含甲烷的液体馏分59在塔63底部被进一步收集,并在60中加热后送至残余网络系统90。
通过如下的开放式氮循环提供分离动力:
高压氮70,一般为原料混合物50的压力,在热交换器60中冷却。
从气流71和72中分流出的该高压氮的一部分分别在分离塔62和63的底部蒸发器64和65中被冷凝。
大部分液化了的氮73以在洗涤塔61顶部引入的物流75被送入洗涤塔61内。
另一部分74作为氮补充部分通过与来自洗涤塔61的顶部气体53混合以形成合成混合物80(N2+3H2)。
将该液化氮的一小部分馏分76用减压阀77减压并在分离塔63的顶部冷凝器66中进行低压汽化。
从冷凝器66排出并加热形成气流78的低压氮(一般为2巴)可供给低压氮网络系统或由70循环入流程中之前被再压缩。
装置6的热总量(heat budget)通过在透平67中将高压氮流79(在热交换器60中被部分冷却)减压达到平衡,或任选地通过将外部补充的液氮汽化达到平衡。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,分离可通过以一氧化碳作流体的开放式循环进行。
在此情况下,利用产生的一氧化碳,在从馏分58中提取出来的物流被再压缩后,按照上述的参照氮气流71,72,76的相同方式,将其分别送入分离塔62和63底部的蒸发器64和65以及顶部冷凝器66中。
与已知方法比较,根据本发明的方法能够减少能量消耗并降低投资成本。
这是因为本发明在生产一氧化碳的同时最后提纯氢以用于生产氨合成混合物,这就是说,直接由在同一冷却箱内,通过氮清洗步骤产生的残余气流生产一氧化碳和提纯氢。该来自氮清洗步骤的残余气流在一氧化碳提纯以前,没有如现有技术那样经过加热,压缩和冷却到低温。
另外,根据本发明的方法不以独立的蒸馏步骤分离氮,而是在液氮清洗过程中被中间排出。
因此,这表明,通过在用氮清洗的初始步骤中降低一氧化碳的产率(在中间排出过程中的损失)可生产其纯度适于生产氨合成混合物的氢以及其纯度至少为98%的适合大多数普通应用的一氧化碳。
根据以下方案评估本发明与公知方法比较生产一氧化碳所需的能量及其具有的特征:
方案1(现有技术)
-在第一冷却箱中,通过液氮清洗生产氨合成混合物,富含一氧化碳的残余气体为副产品;
-在第二冷却箱中通过提纯上述残余物生产一氧化碳。
方案2(本发明)
-在相同冷却箱内,联合生产氨合成混合物与一氧化碳。
原料气体具有以下特征:
表1
组成 | 摩尔% | |
H2N2COCH4C2H6流速压力 | m3(stp)/h巴 | 75.340.5710.1612.791.1466,48020.5 |
得到如下结果:
比能(生产1m3(stp)一氧化碳):
方案1:0.29kWh/m3(stp)
方案2:0.07kWh/m3(stp),即约为1/4;
产生的一氧化碳具有如下的特征:表2
残余物(富含CO) | 产出的CO | |
方案1(公知) | 方案2(本发明) | |
组成摩尔%H2 2.18N2 1.48CO 39.76CH4 51.95C2H6 4.63流速m3(stp)/h16,370能量 kW | 组成摩尔%H2 <0.1N2 3.5CO 96.5CH4 <5ppmvC2H6 -54421578 | <0.13.596.5<5ppmv5875400 |
Claims (17)
1.一种联合生产氨合成混合物和一氧化碳的方法,其包括一方面由在最后步骤中通过在清洗塔(61)中用氮进行清洗,在高压下提纯的氢,另一方面由高压下的氮物流生产氨合成混合物(N2+3H2);
其特征在于步骤为:
-从所述氮清洗塔(61)底部排出第一种液体馏分(51),该馏分(51)富含一氧化碳且含少量的含有氮,氢和甲烷的残余组分,及在该清洗塔(61)底部和顶部之间的中间位置排出第二种液体馏分(52),该馏分(52)富含氮且含少量的一氧化碳;
-从上述第一种馏分(51)中低温提纯一氧化碳:首先,在一汽提塔(62)顶部中压分离剩余的氢,接着,在一蒸馏塔(63)中低压蒸馏,在其顶部从来自在汽提塔(62)中第一次分离生成的底部混合物(56)分离一氧化碳和剩余的氮。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于高压氮物流(70)的一部分(75)被用作在分离步骤中包括的开放式冷却循环的循环流体。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于冷却高压氮物流(70)的一部分(71,72)并分别供给汽提塔(62)和蒸馏塔(63)的底部蒸发器(64,65)。
4.根据权利要求2或3的方法,其特征在于冷却高压氮物流(70)的一部分(76),对其减压并在低压下用于冷却蒸馏塔(63)顶部。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其特征在于将由蒸馏塔(63)顶部冷凝器(66)输送的低压氮物流(78)压缩到生产氨合成混合物所需的压力,并将其循环作为在分离步骤中包括的开放式冷却循环的循环流体。
6.根据前述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于高压氮物流(70)的一部分在透平(67)中减压以促进分离步骤所需的致冷。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于压缩生成的一氧化碳物流(58)并将其用作分离步骤中包括的开放式冷却循环的循环流体。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其特征在于已压缩的一氧化碳物流分别被送入汽提塔(62)和蒸馏塔(63)底部的蒸发器(64,65)。
9.根据权利要求7和8之一的方法,其特征在于将一氧化碳物流减压,在低压下用于冷却蒸馏塔(63)顶部。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其特征在于压缩低压一氧化碳物流并将其循环作为分离步骤包括的开放式冷却循环的循环流体。
11.根据前述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于在(58)生产的一氧化碳具有至少98%的纯度。
12.用于联合生产氨合成混合物和一氧化碳的设备(6),其包括分离主要含有氢和一氧化碳以及包含氮和甲烷的其他组分的气体混合物组分的低温装置,包括一热交换器(60),一可提供高压氮物流源和一液氮清洗塔(61),其特征在于:
-该氮清洗塔(61)包括从上述塔底部和顶部之间的中间位置排出液体(51)的装置;及
-设备(6)还包括
·装备有蒸发装置(64)的中压汽提塔(62),在其底部生成富含一氧化碳的液体馏分(56),在顶部生成氢(55);
·装备有膨胀装置(54)的管路,将氮清洗塔(61)底部液体馏分(51)输送到上述汽提塔(62)中;
·装备有蒸发装置(65)和顶部冷凝器(66)的低压蒸馏塔(63),在其底部生成富含甲烷的馏分,在其顶部生成富含一氧化碳的馏分;
·装备有膨胀装置(57)的管路,将由汽提塔(62)底部产生的液体馏分(56)输送到蒸馏塔(63)中间位置。
13.根据权利要求12的设备,其特征在于它包括一种供有高压氮(70)的开放式氮冷却循环,用于生产氨合成混合物(80)。
14.根据权利要求12和13之一的设备,其特征在于汽提塔(62)和蒸馏塔(63)的蒸发装置(64,65)包括分别与高压氮物流(70)连接的高压氮管路(71,72)。
15.根据权利要求12-14中之一的设备,其特征在于该设备包括装备有连接到高压氮物流(70)的膨胀装置(77)的供料管路(76)以提供低压部分的冷却循环。
16.根据权利要求12的设备,其特征在于包括供入所产生的一氧化碳(58)并连接到一循环压缩机的开放式一氧化碳冷却循环。
17.根据权利要求12-16之一的设备,其特征在于其结合到用于合成氨的设备中,其中生产合成混合物(N2+3N2)的装置包括用于烃或煤的部分氧化的第一单元以及用于氮清洗的最后单元,该设备构成用于氮清洗的最后单元。
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FR9802099A FR2775275B1 (fr) | 1998-02-20 | 1998-02-20 | Procede et installation pour la production combinee d'un melange de synthese d'ammoniac et de monoxyde de carbone |
FR9802099 | 1998-02-20 |
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CN (1) | CN1133583C (zh) |
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DE10226210A1 (de) * | 2002-06-13 | 2004-01-08 | Lurgi Ag | Anlagenteil zur Zerlegung und Reinigung von Synthesegas |
FR2854579B1 (fr) * | 2003-05-09 | 2005-06-17 | Air Liquide | Installation de distillation comprenant des colonnes a garnissages structures ondules-croises et procede d'augmentation de capacite d'une installation de distillation |
US7090816B2 (en) * | 2003-07-17 | 2006-08-15 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Low-delta P purifier for nitrogen, methane, and argon removal from syngas |
RU2272973C1 (ru) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-03-27 | Салават Зайнетдинович Имаев | Способ низкотемпературной сепарации газа (варианты) |
SG160406A1 (en) | 2005-03-16 | 2010-04-29 | Fuelcor Llc | Systems, methods, and compositions for production of synthetic hydrocarbon compounds |
KR100654581B1 (ko) * | 2005-12-06 | 2006-12-08 | 삼성정밀화학 주식회사 | Co 공장에서의 co 흡수용액 농도 관리 방법 및 농도관리를 위한 톨루엔 보충라인 시스템 |
FR2916264A1 (fr) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-11-21 | Air Liquide | Procede de separation d'un melange de monoxyde de carbone, de methane, d'hydrogene et eventuellement d'azote par distillation cryogenique |
FR2911390B1 (fr) * | 2007-01-16 | 2009-04-17 | Air Liquide | Procede et appareil de production de monoxyde de carbone par distillation cryogenique |
FR2930332A1 (fr) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-23 | Air Liquide | Procede et appareil de separation cryogenique d'un melange d'hydrogene et de monoxyde de carbone |
US8889093B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2014-11-18 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | High pressure cyrogenic process and system for producing ammonia products |
EP2562502A1 (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-02-27 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and installation for supplying gaseous carbon monoxide by cryogenic distillation |
CN102353233B (zh) * | 2011-08-03 | 2014-05-07 | 成都蜀远煤基能源科技有限公司 | 煤制气甲烷化后气体深冷分离液化的工艺方法和装置 |
US8828122B2 (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2014-09-09 | General Electric Company | System and method for gas treatment |
FR3052159B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-06 | 2018-05-18 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procede et installation pour la production combinee d'un melange d'hydrogene et d'azote ainsi que de monoxyde de carbone par distillation et lavage cryogeniques |
FR3054304B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-25 | 2020-01-03 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procede et appareil de lavage a temperature cryogenique pour la production d’un melange d’hydrogene et d’azote |
CN108569695B (zh) * | 2018-06-01 | 2023-09-12 | 赛迈科先进材料股份有限公司 | 一种浸渍用独立冷却系统 |
DE102018210910A1 (de) | 2018-07-03 | 2020-01-09 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Verfahren zur Vermeidung von VOC und HAP Emissionen aus Synthesegas verarbeitenden Anlagen |
CN114276846B (zh) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-11-07 | 陕西黑猫焦化股份有限公司 | 一种利用焦炉煤气制备lng联产合成氨的方法及系统 |
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GB8420644D0 (en) * | 1984-08-14 | 1984-09-19 | Petrocarbon Dev Ltd | Ammonia synthesis gas |
DE3801712A1 (de) * | 1988-01-21 | 1989-07-27 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum reinigen eines gasgemisches |
FR2681131A1 (fr) * | 1991-09-11 | 1993-03-12 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation de production de monoxyde de carbone et d'hydrogene. |
FR2718428B1 (fr) * | 1994-04-11 | 1997-10-10 | Air Liquide | Procédé et installation de production de monoxyde de carbone. |
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- 1999-02-19 US US09/252,661 patent/US6178774B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-19 KR KR10-1999-0005495A patent/KR100536021B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-19 BR BR9900758-4A patent/BR9900758A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-19 JP JP11041862A patent/JPH11314914A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2262047A1 (en) | 1999-08-20 |
FR2775275A1 (fr) | 1999-08-27 |
JPH11314914A (ja) | 1999-11-16 |
KR19990072759A (ko) | 1999-09-27 |
KR100536021B1 (ko) | 2005-12-14 |
DE69900516D1 (de) | 2002-01-17 |
US6178774B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 |
CN1237536A (zh) | 1999-12-08 |
DE69900516T2 (de) | 2002-10-31 |
BR9900758A (pt) | 1999-12-14 |
EP0937681A1 (fr) | 1999-08-25 |
FR2775275B1 (fr) | 2000-05-19 |
EP0937681B1 (fr) | 2001-12-05 |
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