CN113357444A - 多层的机动车管式线路 - Google Patents

多层的机动车管式线路 Download PDF

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CN113357444A
CN113357444A CN202110244177.6A CN202110244177A CN113357444A CN 113357444 A CN113357444 A CN 113357444A CN 202110244177 A CN202110244177 A CN 202110244177A CN 113357444 A CN113357444 A CN 113357444A
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layer
polyamide
tubular line
tubular
line according
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M·施拉莫夫斯基
A·哈克尔
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TI Automotive Fuldabruck GmbH
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TI Automotive Fuldabruck GmbH
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Abstract

用于使至少一种流体介质通过的多层的机动车管式线路，其中管式线路具有流体通道和围绕流体通道的管壁部。管壁部多层地构成并且具有至少三个层，更确切地说具有如下层结构。设有由至少一种聚酰胺、特别是由至少一种脂族聚酰胺构成的靠外层。此外，设有增附剂层和由至少一种热塑性弹性体构成的靠内层。管壁部的总层厚度d为0.3至3.0mm。

Description

多层的机动车管式线路
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于使至少一种流体介质通过的多层的机动车管式线路，其中管式线路具有流体通道和围绕流体通道的管壁部，其中管壁部多层地构成并且具有至少三个层。根据本发明的管式线路优选用作为机动车的调温回路中的调温管式线路。在此，将流体调温介质、例如液体或气态调温介质通过管式线路引导。因此，根据本发明的管式线路优选地是调温管式线路。根据本发明的机动车管式线路的一个特别优选的实施方式的特征在于，管式线路用作机动车的调温回路或冷却回路中的冷却管式线路。如果将该管式线路用作冷却管式线路，则机动车的冷却回路的冷却介质——特别是液体冷却介质——通过该冷却管式线路引导。根据本发明的多层的管式线路例如可以用作机动车空调设施中的调温管式线路或冷却管式线路。此外，该管式线路用于电动车辆或混合动力车辆的调温回路中，并且在那里优选地用于对电池系统进行调温或冷却。
背景技术
多层的机动车管式线路和调温管式线路或冷却管式线路从实践中原则上以不同的实施方式已知。还已知的是：将这种多层的管式线路用于机动车的调温回路中。但是已经表明：至今为止已知的管式线路具有一系列缺点。管式线路通常就其阻隔特性而言和/或就其机械稳定性或抗性而言有待完善。如果在管式线路的足够的阻隔特性和高的机械稳定性之间应达成折衷，则通常只有凭借高的制造耗费或高的材料成本才是可行的。另外，在不同的调温回路中、例如在机动车空调设施中或在混合动力或电动车辆的调温系统中使用的情况下，调温管式线路必须满足不同的要求。这在实践中导致：必须将不同的管式线路用于不同的使用地区。——在这方面需要改进。
发明内容
与之相比，本发明基于以下技术问题：提出开始所述类型的机动车管式线路，所述机动车管式线路在其阻隔特性方面和其机械稳定性方面均满足所有要求，所述机动车管式线路仍然可以以低的制造成本进行制造并且所述机动车管式线路可以准通用地或灵活地用于调温回路中、例如用于机动车的冷却剂回路中。
为了解决所述技术问题，本发明教导一种用于使至少一种流体介质通过的多层的机动车管式线路，其中管式线路具有流体通道和围绕该流体通道的管壁部，其中该管壁部多层地构成并且具有至少三层，更确切地说具有从外向内如下的层结构：
-由至少一种聚酰胺、特别是至少一种脂族聚酰胺构成的靠外层
-增附剂层
-由至少一种热塑性弹性体构成的靠内层，
其中管壁部的总层厚度d为0.3至3.0mm、优选为0.5至2.5mm并且优选为0.75至2.0mm。
本发明涉及多层的机动车管式线路或其在机动车中作为调温管式线路的应用。在此，流体调温介质、特别是液体调温介质和优选液体冷却介质通过管式线路引导。根据本发明的机动车管式线路可以在机动车的调温回路或冷却回路中用作调温管式线路、特别是用作冷却管式线路。因此，根据本发明的多层的机动车管式线路优选是调温管式线路，并且尤其是冷却管式线路。按照本发明的推荐的实施方式，根据本发明的管式线路在调温回路中用于对电动车辆或混合动力车辆的电池系统进行调温或冷却。还处于本发明的范围中的是：根据本发明的管式线路用作机动车的空调设施中的调温管式线路或冷却管式线路。推荐使用醇水混合物、优选乙二醇-水混合物作为调温介质或冷却介质。但是，在本发明的范围中，也可以使用其他调温介质或冷却介质。
本发明基于如下知识：根据本发明的多层的机动车管式线路在其阻隔特性和其机械稳定性方面满足所有要求，并且同时可以借助低的制造耗费来制造。此外，根据本发明的多层的机动车管式线路由于其有利的特性而可以灵活地或通用地用作机动车的调温回路或冷却回路中的调温管式线路或冷却管式线路。在这方面，根据本发明的管式线路的特别优点在于：其由于其特定的层复合结构不仅可以在空调设施的调温回路或冷却回路中使用，还可以在用于电动和/或混合动力车辆的电池系统的调温回路或冷却回路中使用。
在解决技术问题方面，已经证明管壁部的根据本发明的总层厚度d在0.3至3.0mm、优选0.5至2.5mm并且优选0.75至2.0mm的范围内是特别适合的。
本发明的非常推荐的实施方式的特征在于，靠外层由选自“聚酰胺6、聚酰胺10、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺12”中的至少一种聚酰胺构成或基本上由其构成，优选由聚酰胺6构成或基本上由聚酰胺6构成。靠外层除了至少一种聚酰胺之外还可以具有添加剂。推荐靠外层的至少90重量％、优选至少93重量％、优选至少97重量％由选自上述的至少一种聚酰胺、优选由聚酰胺6构成。
根据本发明，设有由至少一种热塑性弹性体构成的靠内层。在此，处于本发明的范围的是：热塑性弹性体基于选自“乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)、丁基橡胶、氯丁橡胶、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁腈丁二烯橡胶”中的至少一种组分构成。根据一个特别推荐的实施方式，热塑性弹性体基于乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)构成。处于本发明的范围内的是：靠内层由至少一种热塑性弹性体构成或基本上由其构成。适宜地，靠内层的至少90重量％、优选至少93重量％、优选至少97重量％由热塑性弹性体构成。除了至少一种热塑性弹性体之外，靠内层还可具有添加剂。
EPDM作为用于根据本发明的管式线路的靠内层的热塑性弹性体的组分证实为是特别适合的，并且特别引起管式线路在其机械稳定性方面的非常有利的特性。按照根据本发明的机动车管式线路的一个实施方式，靠内层由EPDM构成或基本上由EPDM构成。处于本发明的范围中的是：靠内层的热塑性弹性体是基于烯烃的热塑性弹性体(TPO)。适宜地，在本发明的范围中，这种TPO弹性体具有EPDM和聚烯烃、优选聚丙烯。在本发明的范围中，靠内层的热塑性弹性体特别优选是热塑性硫化橡胶(TPV)。按照本发明的推荐的实施方式，于是对于靠内层将由弹性体或橡胶与聚烯烃——特别是聚丙烯——组成的混合物或合金用作热塑性硫化橡胶(TPV)。弹性体或橡胶优选是EPDM。
根据本发明，在靠外层和靠内层之间设有增附剂层。本发明的非常推荐的实施方式的特征在于，增附剂层基于至少一种聚烯烃构成。更尤其优选地，增附剂层基于聚丙烯构成。适宜地，增附剂层由聚丙烯或基本上由聚丙烯构成。除了至少一种聚烯烃之外，优选除了聚丙烯之外，增附剂层可以具有添加剂。推荐增附剂层的至少90重量％、优选至少93重量％、优选至少96重量％并且非常优选至少98重量％由聚烯烃或聚丙烯构成。在本发明的范围中，增附剂层特别确保：包围它的层、例如靠外层和靠内层功能可靠地彼此连接，并且避免在管式线路经受机械负荷时层复合结构的不期望的脱层。通过根据本发明的增附剂层能够令人惊讶地简单且功能可靠地避免脱层，并且这由于增附剂层而尤其以小的制造耗费和低的成本是可行的。
本发明的一个特别优选的实施方式的特征在于，管式线路具有外层，所述外层朝外连接于靠外层。在这种实施变型形式中，因此，优选地，靠外层和外层接触。朝外在此表示朝机动车管式线路的外侧的方向。适宜地，外层基于至少一种聚酰胺构成，优选地基于至少一种脂族聚酰胺构成，特别优选基于出自“聚酰胺6.12、聚酰胺6.6、聚酰胺6.10、聚酰胺6.16”中的至少一种构成，并且更尤其优选地基于聚酰胺6.12构成。处于本发明的范围中的是：外层由至少一种聚酰胺构成或基本上由其构成并且优选由聚酰胺6.12构成或基本上由其构成。外层除了聚酰胺或聚酰胺6.12之外还可以具有添加剂。推荐外层的至少90重量％、优选至少93重量％、优选至少96重量％并且非常优选至少98重量％由至少一种选自上述的聚酰胺或脂族聚酰胺构成，并且优选由聚酰胺6.12构成。推荐：外层是管式线路的朝外终结的层。但是，原则上，处于本发明的范围中的是：根据本发明的管式线路还朝外邻接于外层地具有至少一个最靠外层。根据一个推荐的实施方式，外层的层厚度为管壁部的总层厚度d的5％至20％、优选为10％至15％。
根据本发明的一个非常优选的实施方式，管式线路具有至少一个阻隔层。阻隔层优选基于至少一种热塑性聚合物构成。尤其优选地，阻隔层基于至少一种聚烯烃构成并且特别优选地基于聚丙烯构成。在此，处于本发明的范围中的是：阻隔层由至少一种聚烯烃构成或基本上由其构成。优选地，阻隔层由聚丙烯或基本上由聚丙烯构成。除了聚烯烃或聚丙烯之外，阻隔层还可具有添加剂。在此，其可以为导电添加剂，使得阻隔层优选地导电地构成。适宜的是：阻隔层的至少90重量％、优选至少93重量％、优选至少96重量％并且非常优选至少98重量％由至少一种聚丙烯构成，优选由聚烯烃构成。聚丙烯作为用于至少一个阻隔层的材料证实为是尤其适合的，更确切地说尤其在其阻隔特性方面证实为是尤其适合的。此外，具有由聚丙烯构成的阻隔层的根据本发明的管式线路的实施方式基于以下知识：通过至少一种聚丙烯阻隔层和由至少一种热塑性弹性体构成的靠内层——尤其结合管式线路的其余层——的相互作用可以实现尤其有利的阻隔特性，并且同时可以实现管式线路的突出的机械稳定性。
优选的是：至少一个阻隔层形成管式线路的内层，所述内层优选朝内连接于靠内层。在此，朝内表示朝机动车管式线路的内侧或流体通道的方向。因此，在这种实施变型形式中，靠内层和阻隔层优选地接触。如果阻隔层形成管式线路的内层，则该内层优选是管式线路的朝内终结的层。但是，处于本发明的范围中的是：朝内邻接于阻隔层或内层设置最靠内层。
根据本发明的一个替选的实施变型形式，至少一个阻隔层设置在靠内层和外层之间。在这种实施变型形式中，靠内层优选形成管式线路的朝内终结的层。但是原则上也处于本发明的范围中的是：朝内邻接于靠内层设置管式线路的最靠内层。更尤其优选地，在该实施变型形式中，至少一个阻隔层设置在靠内层和靠外层之间。在该尤其推荐的实施方式的范围中优选的是：阻隔层朝外邻接于靠内层并且更尤其优选地设置在靠内层和增附剂层之间。
根据本发明的一个推荐的实施方式，阻隔层的层厚度为管壁部的总层厚度d的10％至60％、优选为15％至50％。适宜地，靠外层的层厚度为管壁部的总层厚度d的10％至40％、优选为10％至20％。推荐：增附剂层的层厚度为管壁部的总层厚度d的2％至15％、优选为7％至15％。处于本发明的范围内的是：增附剂层的层厚度为0.025和0.45mm之间，优选为0.035和0.35mm之间，特别优选为0.04和0.3mm之间并且更尤其优选为0.05和0.2mm之间。
推荐靠内层的层厚度为管壁部的总层厚度d的5％至20％、优选为7％至15％。优选的是：外层和/或靠外层和/或靠内层和/或阻隔层的层厚度在0.05至1.5mm之间，优选在0.07至1.2mm之间，特别优选在0.1至0.8mm之间，更尤其优选在0.1和0.5mm之间。
本发明的一个非常推荐的实施方式的特征在于，外层具有比增附剂层更大的层厚度。处于本发明的范围内的是：靠外层和/或靠内层和/或阻隔层具有比增附剂层更大的层厚度。
优选的是：阻隔层具有比靠内层更大的层厚度。
根据机动车管式线路的一个推荐的实施方式，靠内层或阻隔层与在流体通道中引导的流体直接接触。因此，适宜地，靠内层或阻隔层形成管式线路的向内终结的层。处于本发明的范围内的是：管式线路的朝内终结的层具有至少一种导电添加剂，使得管式线路的朝内终结的层优选地导电地构成。
此外，处于本发明的范围中的是：通过层的挤出或共挤出制造根据本发明的机动车管式线路。
根据特别优选的实施方式，管式线路具有至少五个层，优选刚好五个层，更确切地说具有从外向内的如下层顺序：由聚酰胺、特别是聚酰胺6.12构成的外层/由聚酰胺、特别是聚酰胺6构成的靠外层/特别是由聚丙烯构成增附剂层/由至少一种热塑性弹性体构成的、特别是基于EPDM的靠内层/特别是由聚丙烯构成的阻隔层。根据一个替选的实施方式，将阻隔层设置在增附剂层和靠内层之间，使得得到具有从外向内的如下层结构的五层构造：由聚酰胺、特别是聚酰胺6.12构成的外层/由聚酰胺、特别是聚酰胺6构成的靠外层/特别是由聚丙烯构成的增附剂层/特别是由聚丙烯构成的阻隔层/由至少一种热塑性弹性体、特别是基于EPDM构成的靠内层。原则上，也处于本发明的范围中的是：机动车管式线路具有最靠内层和最靠外层，使得机动车管式线路具有至少六个层或七个层。
处于本发明的范围内的是：机动车管式线路至少局部地、优选完全地构成为波纹管。在此，波纹管指的是管式线路或管壁部、特别是管式线路或管壁部的外表面具有波峰和波谷，所述波峰和波谷在管式线路的环周上环绕。推荐管式线路的该波峰和波谷在管式线路的长度的至少一部分上、优选在整个长度上或基本上在管式线路的整个长度上彼此间具有相同或基本相同的间距。替选的实施变型形式的特征在于：管式线路或管式线路的外表面至少局部地、优选完全地光滑或基本光滑地构成。
本发明基于如下知识：根据本发明的多层的机动车管式线路不仅在其阻隔特性方面而且在其机械稳定性或抗性方面均具有突出的特性。因此，该管式线路满足关于在流体通道中引导的流体、特别是流体调温介质或流体冷却介质的阻隔特性以及关于机械稳定性方面的所有要求。管式线路或调温管式线路在宽的温度范围内都是耐热的，并且即使在强的机械负荷下也不会出现层的脱层。此外，根据本发明的管式线路显示出令人满意的热绝缘。此外，根据本发明的管式线路由于其特殊的层结构可以准通用地或灵活地在机动车的调温回路或冷却回路中使用。因此，根据本发明的管式线路可以在空调设施中用作为调温管式线路或冷却管式线路，并且同时还适合于在电动和/或混合动力车辆的调温回路中使用，尤其用于对电池系统进行调温或冷却。根据本发明的机动车管式线路的这种灵活使用性为本发明的显著优点。此外，根据本发明的管式线路可以以少的制造耗费进而小的制造成本来制造。通过层复合结构的共挤出来优选地生产管式线路是毫无问题、有效且节能可行的。
附图说明
下面参照仅示出一个实施例的附图更详细地阐述本发明。以示意图示出：
图1示出根据本发明的机动车管式线路的立体图，和
图2示出贯穿根据图1的物体的剖面图。
具体实施方式
附图示出了根据本发明的多层的机动车管式线路1。在根据附图的实施例中，该管式线路1可以是调温管式线路，尤其是用于机动车中的调温回路或冷却回路的冷却管式线路。根据本发明，管式线路1具有流体通道2和围绕流体通道2的管壁部3。在流体通道2中通过管式线路1引导流体介质、特别是流体调温介质或冷却介质，所述流体介质在附图中未更详细地示出。推荐地，且在根据附图的该实施例中，管壁部3多层地构成并且具有五个层。这五个层从外向内为外层7、靠外层4、增附剂层5、靠内层6和阻隔层8。在根据附图的该实施例中，阻隔层8形成管式线路1的内层，推荐地并且在该实施例中，所述内层朝内连接于靠内层6。根据本发明的附图中未示出的一个替选的实施方式，跟着增附剂层5的首先是阻隔层8并且然后是靠内层6。
根据一个实施方式，管式线路1的朝内终结的层——优选地并且在该实施例中为阻隔层8——可以具有导电添加剂，以使其导电地构成。如果根据附图中未示出的替选的实施变型形式靠内层6形成管式线路1的朝内终结的层，则靠内层6可以具有这种导电添加剂。
适宜地且在该实施例中，外层7基本上由脂族聚酰胺构成，优选由聚酰胺6.12构成。外层7可以附加地包含添加剂。推荐地并且在该实施例中，靠外层7的至少95重量％由聚酰胺6.12构成。此外，设有靠外层4，所述靠外层优选地并且在根据附图的该实施例中朝内连接于外层7。根据优选的实施方式并且在该实施例中，靠外层4基本上由聚酰胺6构成并且可以附加地具有添加剂，其中适宜地并且在该实施例中，靠外层4的至少95重量％由聚酰胺6构成。
根据本发明，设有增附剂层5，其优选地基于聚丙烯构成。推荐地并且在该实施例中，增附剂层5朝内连接于靠内层4。适宜地且在该实施例中，增附剂层5基本上由聚丙烯构成并且可以附加地包含添加剂。在该实施例中，增附剂层5的至少95重量％可以由聚丙烯构成。
根据本发明，设有由至少一种热塑性弹性体构成的靠内层6。适宜地，靠内层6朝内连接于增附剂层5。推荐地并且在该实施例中，靠内层6的热塑性弹性体基于乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)构成。优选地并且在该实施例中，靠内层6的热塑性弹性体是基于EPDM的热塑性硫化橡胶，并且更尤其优选地，靠内层6基本上由热塑性硫化橡胶构成并且可以附加地包含添加剂。在这方面，特别优选的是：靠内层6的至少95重量％由基于EPDM的热塑性弹性体或热塑性硫化橡胶构成。
适宜地并且在该实施例中，阻隔层8朝内连接于靠内层6。阻隔层8然后有如形成管式线路1的内层。阻隔层8或内层优选地且在该实施例中与在流体通道2中引导的流体调温介质直接接触。推荐阻隔层8基本上由聚丙烯构成。阻隔层8可以包含附加的添加剂。优选地并且在该实施例中，阻隔层8的至少95重量％由聚丙烯构成。
管式线路1的管壁部3的总层厚度d适宜地为0.5至2.5mm，优选为0.6至2.2mm，并且特别优选为0.75至2.0mm。推荐地并且在该实施例中，外层7具有比增附剂层5更大的层厚度。优选地并且在附图中所示的层复合结构中，增附剂层5是具有最小层厚度的层。因此，适宜地且在该实施例中，外层7和靠外层4和靠内层6和阻隔层8各自比增附剂层5更厚。此外，在本发明的范围中和在该实施例中，阻隔层8具有比靠内层6更大的层厚度。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于使至少一种流体介质通过的多层的机动车管式线路(1)，其中所述管式线路(1)具有流体通道(2)和围绕所述流体通道(2)的管壁部(3)，其中所述管壁部(3)多层地构成并且具有至少三个层，更确切地说具有从外向内如下的层结构：
-由至少一种聚酰胺、特别是至少一种脂族聚酰胺构成的靠外层(4)
-增附剂层(5)
-由至少一种热塑性弹性体构成的靠内层(6)，
其中所述管壁部(3)的总层厚度d为0.3至3.0mm、优选为0.5至2.5mm并且优选为0.75至2.0mm，
其中所述管式线路(1)具有至少一个阻隔层(8)，其中所述阻隔层(8)基于至少一种聚烯烃、优选地基于聚丙烯构成，并且其中所述阻隔层(8)形成管式线路(1)的内层，所述内层朝内连接于所述靠内层(6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的管式线路，其中所述靠外层(4)由选自“聚酰胺6、聚酰胺10、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺12”中的至少一种聚酰胺构成或基本上由其构成，优选由聚酰胺6构成或基本上由聚酰胺6构成。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的管式线路，其中所述热塑性弹性体基于选自“乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)、丁基橡胶、氯丁橡胶、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁腈丁二烯橡胶”中的至少一种组分构成、优选基于乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)构成。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的管式线路，其中所述增附剂层(5)基于至少一种聚烯烃、优选地基于聚丙烯构成。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的管式线路，其中所述管式线路(1)具有外层(7)，所述外层朝外连接于所述靠外层(4)并且所述外层优选基于至少一种聚酰胺构成，优选地基于至少一种脂族聚酰胺构成，特别优选基于出自“聚酰胺6.12、聚酰胺6.6、聚酰胺6.10、聚酰胺6.16”中的至少一种构成，并且更尤其优选地基于聚酰胺6.12构成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的管式线路，其中所述外层(7)的层厚度为所述管壁部(3)的总层厚度d的5％至20％、优选为10％至15％。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的管式线路，其中所述阻隔层(8)的层厚度为所述管壁部(3)的总层厚度d的10％至60％、优选为15％至50％。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的管式线路，其中所述靠外层(4)的层厚度为所述管壁部(3)的总层厚度d的10％至40％、优选为10％至20％。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的管式线路，其中所述增附剂层(5)的层厚度为所述管壁部(3)的总层厚度d的2％至15％、优选为7％至15％。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的管式线路，其中所述靠内层(6)的层厚度为所述管壁部(3)的总层厚度d的5％至20％、优选为7％至15％。
11.根据权利要求5至10中任一项所述的管式线路，其中所述外层(7)具有比所述增附剂层(5)更大的层厚度。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的管式线路，其中所述阻隔层(8)具有比所述靠内层(6)更大的层厚度。
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