CN113355804B - 一种具有生物响应性的复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种具有生物响应性的复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN113355804B
CN113355804B CN202110814569.1A CN202110814569A CN113355804B CN 113355804 B CN113355804 B CN 113355804B CN 202110814569 A CN202110814569 A CN 202110814569A CN 113355804 B CN113355804 B CN 113355804B
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nanofiber membrane
composite nanofiber
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CN113355804A (zh
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王彦峰
张诗辰
杨伊文
卞晓恩
夏天
陈祖涵
段博
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Wuhan University WHU
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Abstract

本发明属于复合纤维膜技术领域。本发明提供了一种具有生物响应性的复合纳米纤维膜,由包含如下质量份的原料制备得到:季铵化甲壳素35~55份;丝素蛋白60~90份;交联剂4~8份;抗菌剂0.5~5份。本发明还提供了一种复合纳米纤维膜的制备方法及其应用。本发明的复合纳米纤维膜具有长效显著的消炎抗菌作用,对于金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制率均在98.5%以上;能够促进创面快速愈合,尤其适合消化系统的创面,在不同消化液环境中表现出不同的降解性,对消化液具有良好的生物响应性。

Description

一种具有生物响应性的复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及复合纤维膜技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有生物响应性的复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
胆道损伤是肝、胆、胰外科手术罕见但是危害极大的并发症,胆漏正是胆道损伤的表现之一。胆漏的治疗手段多种多样且复杂,因此如何有效的预防胆漏的发生就显得至关重要。目前有研究在胆管创面使用纤维蛋白胶预防术后胆漏,但是纤维蛋白胶无法抵御胆汁的腐蚀,是否可以预防术后胆漏仍存在争议。
随着材料科学、组织工程技术的发展,越来越多的具有良好生物相容性的可降解生物材料被应用于组织修复等医学领域。甲壳素是自然界第二丰富的天然聚合物,主要来源于甲壳类动物的外骨骼。作为一种天然多糖,甲壳素具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性、抗纤维化、抗炎活性、促血管生成、抗肿瘤和抗菌等特性,大量甲壳素基的生物材料已被大量应用于伤口敷料、骨再生支架、神经导管、人工软骨的制造。但是,甲壳素分子内与分子间存在强烈的氢键作用,难溶于水、稀酸、稀碱以及常规有机溶剂,极大地限制了其应用。此外丝素蛋白作为来源于动物的一种天然产物,由于其良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性和优异的力学性能,在生物医学领域也备受关注。
因此,研究开发一种具有良好的生物相容性、广谱抗菌性、生物可降解性、力学性能、促进组织再生的复合材料,将具有重大的经济价值和社会意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足提供一种具有生物响应性的复合纳米纤维膜及其制备方法。本发明的复合纳米纤维膜具有长效显著的消炎抗菌作用,对于金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制率均在98.5%以上;能够促进创面快速愈合,尤其适合消化系统的创面,在不同消化液环境中表现出不同的降解性,对消化液具有良好的生物响应性。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种具有生物响应性的复合纳米纤维膜,由包含如下质量份的原料制备得到:季铵化甲壳素35~55份;丝素蛋白60~90份;交联剂4~8份;抗菌剂0.5~5份。
作为优选,所述交联剂为戊二醛、甲醇、季戊四醇、N-丙基乙二胺或环氧氯丙烷。
作为优选,所述抗菌剂为纳米TiO2、双乙酸钠或季铵盐。
作为优选,所述复合纳米纤维膜的孔隙率为70~80%,纤维直径为150~200nm。
本发明还提供了一种所述的复合纳米纤维膜的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
1)将季铵化甲壳素、氢氧化钾、尿素和水混合后顺次进行冷冻、解冻处理,得到季铵化甲壳素溶液;
2)将丝素蛋白和溶剂混合,得到丝素蛋白溶液;
3)将季铵化甲壳素溶液、丝素蛋白溶液、交联剂和抗菌剂进行交联反应,得到纺丝原液;
4)对纺丝原液进行静电纺丝,得到复合纳米纤维膜。
作为优选,步骤1)所述季铵化甲壳素、氢氧化钾、尿素和水的质量比为1:4~6:1~3:60~70;所述冷冻的温度为-25~-30℃,时间为1~3h;所述解冻处理在搅拌条件下进行。
作为优选,步骤2)所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、三氟乙醇或六氟异丙醇;所述丝素蛋白和溶剂的质量体积比为1~3g:8~10mL;所述混合的温度为40~55℃,时间为1.5~3h。
作为优选,步骤3)所述交联反应的温度为50~70℃,时间为1~4h。
作为优选,步骤4)所述静电纺丝的电压为12~18kV,纺丝距离为10~15cm,纺丝速率为2.5~4mL/h。
本发明还提供了一种所述的复合纳米纤维膜在制备抗菌材料、促进创面愈合医疗产品和具有生物响应性医疗产品中的应用。
本发明的有益效果包括以下几点:
1)本发明的复合纳米纤维膜具有良好的生物可降解性和生物相容性,结构强度好,细胞相容性良好,触感柔软,保湿透气性好,能够促进创面快速愈合,尤其适合消化系统的创面,在不同消化液环境中表现出不同的降解性,对消化液具有良好的生物响应性。
2)本发明的季铵化甲壳素与丝素蛋白的复合材料能显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌的增殖,具有广谱抗菌性,对人体副作用小,对皮肤无刺激作用。
3)本发明的复合纳米纤维膜比表面积大,提高了有效作用面积,并且具有长效抗菌效果。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种具有生物响应性的复合纳米纤维膜,由包含如下质量份的原料制备得到:季铵化甲壳素35~55份;丝素蛋白60~90份;交联剂4~8份;抗菌剂0.5~5份。
本发明的复合纳米纤维膜包含35~55份季铵化甲壳素,优选为40~50份,进一步优选为43~47份;季铵化甲壳素具有优良的广谱抗菌性,对创面修复具有显著的作用;具有止痛、促进创面愈合和血管再生、减小疤痕的作用,以及良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性。
本发明的复合纳米纤维膜包含60~90份丝素蛋白,优选为65~85份,进一步优选为70~80份,更优选为74~76份;丝素蛋白是一种天然高分子纤维蛋白,具有无毒、可生物降解、良好生物相容性、柔韧性好和透气性好等性能。
本发明的复合纳米纤维膜包含4~8份交联剂,优选为5~7份,进一步优选为6份。
本发明所述交联剂优选为戊二醛、甲醇、季戊四醇、N-丙基乙二胺或环氧氯丙烷。
本发明的复合纳米纤维膜包含0.5~5份抗菌剂,优选为1~4份,进一步优选为2~3份。
本发明所述抗菌剂优选为纳米TiO2、双乙酸钠或季铵盐;所述季铵盐优选为吡啶季铵盐型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺或甲基丙烯酰氧基-苄基-二甲基氯化铵。
本发明所述复合纳米纤维膜的孔隙率优选为70~80%,进一步优选为73~78%,更优选为75~76%;纤维直径优选为150~200nm,进一步优选为160~190nm,更优选为170~180nm。
本发明还提供了一种所述的复合纳米纤维膜的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
1)将季铵化甲壳素、氢氧化钾、尿素和水混合后顺次进行冷冻、解冻处理,得到季铵化甲壳素溶液;
2)将丝素蛋白和溶剂混合,得到丝素蛋白溶液;
3)将季铵化甲壳素溶液、丝素蛋白溶液、交联剂和抗菌剂进行交联反应,得到纺丝原液;
4)对纺丝原液进行静电纺丝,得到复合纳米纤维膜。
本发明步骤1)所述季铵化甲壳素、氢氧化钾、尿素和水的质量比优选为1:4~6:1~3:60~70,进一步优选为1:4.5~5.5:1.5~2.5:62~68,更优选为1:5:2:63~65;所述冷冻的温度优选为-25~-30℃,进一步优选为-27~-29℃,更优选为-28℃;所述冷冻的时间优选为1~3h,进一步优选为1.5~2.5h,更优选为2h;所述解冻处理优选在搅拌条件下进行。
本发明步骤2)所述溶剂优选为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、三氟乙醇或六氟异丙醇;所述丝素蛋白和溶剂的质量体积比优选为1~3g:8~10mL,进一步优选为1.5~2.5g:8.5~9.5mL,更优选为2g:9mL;所述混合的温度优选为40~55℃,进一步优选为43~52℃,更优选为45~48℃;所述混合的时间优选为1.5~3h,进一步优选为2~2.5h。
本发明步骤3)所述交联反应的温度优选为50~70℃,进一步优选为55~65℃,更优选为58~62℃,还优选为60℃;所述交联反应的时间优选为1~4h,进一步优选为2~3h,更优选为2.5h。
本发明步骤4)所述静电纺丝的电压优选为12~18kV,进一步优选为14~16kV,更优选为15kV;纺丝距离优选为10~15cm,进一步优选为12~14cm,更优选为13cm;纺丝速率优选为2.5~4mL/h,进一步优选为2.8~3.6mL/h,更优选为3~3.3mL/h。
本发明还提供了一种所述的复合纳米纤维膜在制备抗菌材料、促进创面愈合医疗产品和具有生物响应性医疗产品中的应用。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
将40g季铵化甲壳素、160g氢氧化钾、40g尿素和2400g水混合后得到均匀溶液,将均匀溶液在-25℃下冷冻3h,然后在搅拌条件下进行解冻,得到季铵化甲壳素溶液。将65g丝素蛋白和530mLN,N-二甲基乙酰胺在42℃下混合3h,得到丝素蛋白溶液。
将季铵化甲壳素溶液、丝素蛋白溶液、5g戊二醛、1g双乙酸钠在52℃下进行交联反应,交联反应的时间为3.5h,得到纺丝原液。对纺丝原液进行静电纺丝,静电纺丝的电压为12kV,纺丝距离为11cm,纺丝速率为2.5mL/h,得到孔隙率为72%,纤维直径为155nm的复合纳米纤维膜。
复合纳米纤维膜的性能测试
将复合纳米纤维膜剪成长宽均为0.8cm大小的12块相同的膜分别放入培养皿中。向其中6个培养皿中加入2mL带有金黄色葡萄球菌的培养基,向另外6个培养皿中加入2mL带有大肠杆菌的培养基,在200rpm条件下37℃恒温振荡2h后进行培养,培养8h后分别3个培养金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的培养基,测试8h抑菌率;另外6个培养皿培养20h后测试金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率。
实施例1的复合纳米纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌8h抑菌率达到98.5%,20h抑菌率达到100%,对大肠杆菌8h的抑菌率为98.5%,20h抑菌率为100%,具有优异的抗菌性。经缓释性能测试,复合纳米纤维膜1h内释药浓度达到药物的最低杀菌浓度,55h仍在持续释放,具有长效抗菌作用。
取各条件均相同的家兔30只,每只重2kg,随机分为2组,实验组(采用实施例1的复合纳米纤维膜进行处理)15只,对照组15只。家兔麻醉后,用剃毛器剔除腹部毛发并用碘伏消毒。实验组家兔麻醉后开腹,钝性分离肝外胆管并切一个0.3cm长纵行切口,将长0.8cm、直径1.5mm的聚四氟乙烯管放入胆管中作为胆管支架以防止胆道梗阻,缝合胆管伤口,将实施例1的复合纳米纤维膜缠绕在伤口处成套管形状,并用丝线固定之后依次逐层缝合腹部切口。对照组家兔同样在胆管上切一个0.3cm长纵行切口,缝合伤口后不作特殊处理。统计10天内家兔的死亡率,对死亡的家兔进行尸检并分析死亡原因。
结果显示,对照组中,家兔的10天生存率为53%,其中,47%的家兔因为出现胆漏而死亡;实验组中,家兔的10天生存率为93%。实施例1的复合纳米纤维膜能有效的减少术后胆漏发生率,促进创面愈合,提高动物存活率。
取实施例1的复合纳米纤维膜浸泡于9mL浓度为0.01mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.4)中,24h后取出,得到增重的纤维膜。准备A、B、C三组溶液,A组为消化液,B组为含有溶菌酶的消化液(溶菌酶浓度为1.0mg/mL),C组为含有溶菌酶的磷酸盐缓冲液(溶菌酶浓度为1.0mg/mL)。将所有增重的纤维膜切成相同的长度,随机分为三组,对三组增重的纤维膜分别称重,记为三组初始重量。将三组增重的纤维膜分别放入A、B、C组溶液中,然后将三组溶液放在37℃培养箱中保存,每2天取出纤维膜称重一次,以剩余重量百分比对纤维膜的降解性能进行评价,剩余重量百分比按照以下公式计算:
剩余重量百分比(%)=剩余重量/初始重量
结果显示,实施例1的复合纳米纤维膜在消化液环境中难以被降解,有助于发挥纤维膜的促进创面愈合作用;在含有溶菌酶的消化液环境下降解缓慢,在没有消化液的环境中能被正常降解,减轻纤维膜对组织的不良反应。实施例1的复合纳米纤维膜具有良好的生物响应性。
实施例2
将50g季铵化甲壳素、280g氢氧化钾、140g尿素和3000g水混合后得到均匀溶液,将均匀溶液在-30℃下冷冻1h,然后在搅拌条件下进行解冻,得到季铵化甲壳素溶液。将85g丝素蛋白和680mL三氟乙醇在53℃下混合1.5h,得到丝素蛋白溶液。
将季铵化甲壳素溶液、丝素蛋白溶液、7g季戊四醇、3g纳米TiO2在68℃下进行交联反应,交联反应的时间为1.5h,得到纺丝原液。对纺丝原液进行静电纺丝,静电纺丝的电压为18kV,纺丝距离为15cm,纺丝速率为3.7mL/h,得到孔隙率为80%,纤维直径为195nm的复合纳米纤维膜。
采用实施例2的复合纳米纤维膜进行与实施例1相同的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌试验,实施例2的复合纳米纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌8h抑菌率达到98.9%,20h抑菌率达到100%,对大肠杆菌8h的抑菌率为98.8%,20h抑菌率为100%,具有优异的抗菌性。经缓释性能测试,复合纳米纤维膜0.5h内释药浓度达到药物的最低杀菌浓度,55h仍在持续释放,具有长效抗菌作用。
采用实施例2的复合纳米纤维膜进行与实施例1相同的家兔胆漏分析试验,其中,实验组采用实施例2的复合纳米纤维膜处理。结果显示,对照组中,家兔的10天生存率为47%,其中,40%的家兔因为出现胆漏而死亡;实验组中,家兔的10天生存率为87%。实施例2的复合纳米纤维膜能有效的减少术后胆漏发生率,促进创面愈合,提高动物存活率。
采用实施例2的复合纳米纤维膜进行与实施例1相同的复合纳米纤维膜降解试验,结果显示,实施例2的复合纳米纤维膜在消化液环境中难以被降解,有助于发挥纤维膜的促进创面愈合作用;在含有溶菌酶的消化液环境下降解缓慢,在没有消化液的环境中能被正常降解,减轻纤维膜对组织的不良反应。实施例2的复合纳米纤维膜具有良好的生物响应性。
实施例3
将45g季铵化甲壳素、225g氢氧化钾、90g尿素和2930g水混合后得到均匀溶液,将均匀溶液在-28℃下冷冻2h,然后在搅拌条件下进行解冻,得到季铵化甲壳素溶液。将75g丝素蛋白和370mL六氟异丙醇在48℃下混合2.5h,得到丝素蛋白溶液。
将季铵化甲壳素溶液、丝素蛋白溶液、6gN-丙基乙二胺、2g吡啶季铵盐型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺在60℃下进行交联反应,交联反应的时间为2h,得到纺丝原液。对纺丝原液进行静电纺丝,静电纺丝的电压为16kV,纺丝距离为12cm,纺丝速率为3.2mL/h,得到孔隙率为75%,纤维直径为170nm的复合纳米纤维膜。
采用实施例3的复合纳米纤维膜进行与实施例1相同的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌试验,实施例3的复合纳米纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌8h抑菌率达到99.5%,20h抑菌率达到100%,对大肠杆菌8h的抑菌率为99.2%,20h抑菌率为100%,具有优异的抗菌性。经缓释性能测试,复合纳米纤维膜0.5h内释药浓度达到药物的最低杀菌浓度,55h仍在持续释放,具有长效抗菌作用。
采用实施例3的复合纳米纤维膜进行与实施例1相同的家兔胆漏分析试验,其中,实验组采用实施例3的复合纳米纤维膜处理。结果显示,对照组中,家兔的10天生存率为47%,其中,40%的家兔因为出现胆漏而死亡;实验组中,家兔的10天生存率为93%。实施例3的复合纳米纤维膜能有效的减少术后胆漏发生率,促进创面愈合,提高动物存活率。
采用实施例3的复合纳米纤维膜进行与实施例1相同的复合纳米纤维膜降解试验,结果显示,实施例3的复合纳米纤维膜在消化液环境中难以被降解,有助于发挥纤维膜的促进创面愈合作用;在含有溶菌酶的消化液环境下降解缓慢,在没有消化液的环境中能被正常降解,减轻纤维膜对组织的不良反应。实施例3的复合纳米纤维膜具有良好的生物响应性。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有生物响应性的复合纳米纤维膜,其特征在于,由包含如下质量份的原料制备得到:季铵化甲壳素35~55份;丝素蛋白60~90份;交联剂5~8份;抗菌剂0.5~5份;
所述复合纳米纤维膜的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
1)将季铵化甲壳素、氢氧化钾、尿素和水混合后顺次进行冷冻、解冻处理,得到季铵化甲壳素溶液;
2)将丝素蛋白和溶剂混合,得到丝素蛋白溶液;
3)将季铵化甲壳素溶液、丝素蛋白溶液、交联剂和抗菌剂进行交联反应,得到纺丝原液;
4)对纺丝原液进行静电纺丝,得到复合纳米纤维膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合纳米纤维膜,其特征在于,所述交联剂为戊二醛、甲醇、季戊四醇、N-丙基乙二胺或环氧氯丙烷。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合纳米纤维膜,其特征在于,所述抗菌剂为纳米TiO2、双乙酸钠或季铵盐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复合纳米纤维膜,其特征在于,所述复合纳米纤维膜的孔隙率为70~80%,纤维直径为150~200nm。
5.权利要求1~4任意一项所述的复合纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包含如下步骤:
1)将季铵化甲壳素、氢氧化钾、尿素和水混合后顺次进行冷冻、解冻处理,得到季铵化甲壳素溶液;
2)将丝素蛋白和溶剂混合,得到丝素蛋白溶液;
3)将季铵化甲壳素溶液、丝素蛋白溶液、交联剂和抗菌剂进行交联反应,得到纺丝原液;
4)对纺丝原液进行静电纺丝,得到复合纳米纤维膜。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)所述季铵化甲壳素、氢氧化钾、尿素和水的质量比为1:4~6:1~3:60~70;所述冷冻的温度为-25~-30℃,时间为1~3h;所述解冻处理在搅拌条件下进行。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、三氟乙醇或六氟异丙醇;所述丝素蛋白和溶剂的质量体积比为1~3g:8~10mL;所述混合的温度为40~55℃,时间为1.5~3h。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)所述交联反应的温度为50~70℃,时间为1~4h。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)所述静电纺丝的电压为12~18kV,纺丝距离为10~15cm,纺丝速率为2.5~4mL/h。
10.权利要求1~4任意一项所述的复合纳米纤维膜在制备抗菌材料、促进创面愈合医疗产品和具有生物响应性医疗产品中的应用。
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