CN113349305B - 保育猪预混料及全价饲料 - Google Patents
保育猪预混料及全价饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- BINNZIDCJWQYOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;formic acid;formate Chemical compound [K+].OC=O.[O-]C=O BINNZIDCJWQYOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N L-cystine Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CSSC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229960003067 cystine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 37
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 37
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 29
- VVYPIVJZLVJPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2-aminoacetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].NCC([O-])=O.NCC([O-])=O VVYPIVJZLVJPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000692 Student's t-test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003975 animal breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006030 antibiotic growth promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002550 fecal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种保育猪预混料和保育猪全价饲料，保育猪预混料不添加铜但包含500～1000IU植酸酶、8～12g二甲酸钾，以1kg全价饲料为计。本发明的保育猪全价饲料，包括如下营养成分：粗蛋白含量为14％～18％，消化能为3000～3300kcal/kg，赖氨酸含量为1.2～1.6％。应用酸化剂(二甲酸钾)对仔猪的健康和生长促进作用，可以形成不添加铜又能保障保育期仔猪生长性能的预混料和全价饲料。通过本发明形成的零铜添加的保育期仔猪全价饲料可与具有相同营养水平的添加铜元素的全价饲料取得相近的生长性能，从而达到降低猪尿液中铜对耕地和种植业的造成的质量安全威胁。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于动物培育技术领域，具体涉及一种保育猪预混料及全价饲料(或全价日粮)。
背景技术
仔猪饲料中添加微量元素铜可提高猪的生长性能，因此在仔猪饲料中添加微量元素铜的现象比较普遍，硫酸铜的添加量甚至超过250ppm，远远超过猪的营养需求(“Nutrient requirements of swine,National research council of the nationalacademies,the national academies press Washington,D.C.NRC)，1998，2012推荐了猪对微量元素铜的需求量为5-6mg/kg)。由于猪对微量元素铜的吸收利用率较低，未被猪吸收利用的铜元素将随粪尿还田应用进入耕地，对耕地及种植业的质量安全存在潜在威胁。因此，我国农业农村部颁布的第2625号公告《饲料添加剂安全使用规范》(2017年修订版)建议猪饲料中铜元素添加量为2.6-6mg/kg，仔猪(体重小于25kg)全价饲料中的最高含量不得超过125mg/kg。研究表明，猪对有机铜的利用率高于硫酸铜(硫酸铜和甘氨酸铜对断奶仔猪生长性能及粪铜含量的影响[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2012,000(002):35-37.)，保育猪饲料中添加30mg/kg、60mg/kg甘氨酸铜与添加120mg/kg甘氨酸铜的生长性能无显著差异(甘氨酸铜对仔猪粪铜含量及粪便细菌区系的影响[J].上海农业学报,2014,30(002):15-18.)，因此生产中有人用低浓度的有机铜取代高浓度的硫酸铜。
酸化剂二甲酸钾可作为促生长类抗生素的替代品，研究表明断奶仔猪饲料中添加0.6-1.2％二甲酸钾相对于不添加二甲酸钾的组有较好的生长性能，但该研究结果是基于额外添加铜元素的日粮(非抗生素生长促进剂二甲酸钾对猪生长性能影响的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006(11):59-61；二甲酸钾对断奶仔猪生长速度的影响[J].江西畜牧兽医杂志,2012,000(006):20-22；二甲酸钾对断奶仔猪生产性能和胃肠道细菌区系的影响[D].南京农业大学,2013.)。目前尚未见有关于仔猪采食零添加微量元素铜的饲粮可取得与有铜元素添加饲料的相同生产性能的报告，也未见有关于用二甲酸钾替代铜元素的促生长性能的研究报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术保育猪饲料配方中添加Cu元素以提高仔猪生长性能而又不能被完全利用，最终进入耕地，影响耕地和种植业安全的技术问题，
本发明的目的在于提供一种保育猪预混料，包括如下成分：0mg Cu、500～1000IU植酸酶、8～12g二甲酸钾，以1kg全价饲料为计。
本发明的保育猪预混料还包括除Cu之外的矿物质元素，例如所述矿物质元素包括：30～110mg锌、10～300mg铁、10～150mg锰、0.03～1mg硒和0.01～0.5mg碘。
本发明的保育猪预混料还包括常量元素，例如所述常量元素为4～11mg钙和/或0～5.5mg磷。
本发明的保育猪预混料还可以包括3～8mg食盐。
本发明的保育猪预混料还可以包括维生素，例如：所述维生素包括：VA1300～4000IU、VD3 150～500IU、VE 10～100mg、VK3 0～2mg、VB1 1～6mg、VB2 1～3mg、VB6 1～3mg、VB12 0.05～0.1mg、叶酸0.6～2mg、烟酸20～40mg、泛酸10～15mg和生物素0.2～0.5mg。
本发明的保育猪预混料还可以包括氨基酸，所述氨基酸选自不超过15mg赖氨酸、不超过6mg蛋氨酸、不超过5mg胱氨酸、不超过3mg苏氨酸、不超过1mg色氨酸、不超过1mg异亮氨酸和/或者不超过1mg缬氨酸。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种保育猪全价饲料，包括如下营养成分：粗蛋白含量为14％～18％，消化能为3000～3300kcal/kg，赖氨酸含量为1.2～1.6％，％是指以全价饲料为计，kcal/kg是指以1kg全价饲料为计，其中，所述保育猪全价饲料还包括保育猪预混料，所述保育猪预混料包括：0mg Cu、500～1000IU植酸酶、8～12g二甲酸钾，所述保育猪预混料成分的用量以1kg全价饲料为计。
本发明的保育猪全价饲料，包括以下原料：40～65％玉米、10～30％豆粕、10～25％大豆、0～30％大麦、0～30％小麦、0～2％米糠和0～15％麦麸，所述保育猪预混料占所述保育猪全价饲料为4～8％。
本发明的的保育猪全价饲料还可以包括不超过2％大豆油。
本发明通过添加植酸酶并联合应用酸化剂(二甲酸钾)对仔猪的健康和生长促进作用，形成不添加铜又能保障保育期仔猪生长性能的(体重8～25kg)预混料和全价饲料。通过本发明形成的零铜添加的保育期仔猪全价饲料可与具有相同营养水平的添加铜元素的全价饲料取得相近的生长性能，从而达到降低猪粪、尿中铜对耕地和种植业造成的质量安全威胁。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体图示进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
本实施例1的保育猪全价饲料为梅山仔猪配制的基础日粮：玉米64.40％、豆粕18.40％、小麦麸12.20％，保育猪预混料5％，保育猪预混料为每公斤保育猪全价饲料提供500UI植酸酶、除Cu之外的矿物元素锌60mg、铁150mg、锰85.9mg、硒0.3mg、碘0.14mg，常量元素：钙5mg、磷2.5mg，食盐3mg，维生素：VA 2000IU,VD3 1500IU,VE 53mg,VK3 1mg,VB1 6mg,VB2 2.8mg,VB6 2.8mg,VB12 0.1mg,叶酸2mg，烟酸8mg，泛酸28mg，生物素0.2mg、氨基酸：赖氨酸8.6mg、蛋氨酸3.5mg、苏氨酸0.39mg、色氨酸0.14mg、异亮氨酸0.25mg、缬氨酸0.25mg。对照组1的全价饲料的预混料为每公斤全价饲料提供了60mg铜(甘氨酸铜)，但不含二甲酸钾；对照组2的全价饲料的预混料为每公斤全价饲料提供60mg铜(甘氨酸铜)和10g二甲酸钾(即铜+二甲酸钾处理组)；本发明的处理组中全价饲料中的预混料为每公斤保育猪全价饲料提供10g二甲酸钾，但不含铜。用以上饲料饲喂45日龄的保育期梅山仔猪40天，全程自由采食、饮水。
40天保育期结束后，试验结果经t-检验表明，本发明的二甲酸钾处理组和对照组2(铜+二甲酸钾)无显著差异(P>0.05)，但都有高于对照组1的趋势(0.05<P<0.1)。
实施例2
本实施例2的保育猪全价饲料为二元(杜×梅)杂交仔猪配制的基础日粮：玉米64.40％、豆粕22.40％、小麦麸8.20％，保育猪预混料5％，保育猪预混料为每公斤保育猪全价饲料提供1000UI植酸酶、除Cu之外的矿物元素矿物元素锌60mg、铁150mg、锰85.9mg、硒0.3mg、碘0.14mg，常量元素：钙5mg、磷2.5mg，食盐3mg，维生素：VA 2000IU,VD3 1500IU,VE53mg,VK3 1mg,VB1 6mg,VB2 2.8mg,VB6 2.8mg,VB12 0.1mg,叶酸2mg，烟酸8mg，泛酸28mg，生物素0.2mg，氨基酸：赖氨酸12.45mg、蛋氨酸2.88mg、苏氨酸3.41mg、色氨酸1.19mg、异亮氨酸1.82mg。对照组1的预混料中含有甘氨酸铜(不含二甲酸钾)，保育猪全价饲料中铜添加终浓度为60mg/kg；对照组2的预混料中含有甘氨酸铜和二甲酸钾，保育猪全价饲料中铜元素的浓度60mg/kg、二甲酸钾的浓度12g/kg；本发明的处理组的预混料中只添加二甲酸钾(不含铜)，保育猪全价饲料二甲酸钾终浓度12g/kg。用以上保育猪全价饲料饲喂杜梅保育猪(30日龄-72日龄，饲喂6周)，试验期间自由采食、饮水。
6周保育期结束后，结果经t-检验表明，三组仔猪起始体重无显著差异，试验结束时对照组2和本发明处理组的平均体重均显著高于对照组1(P<0.05)，但对照组2和本发明处理组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。
实施例3
本实施例3的保育猪全价饲料为三元(杜×长×大)杂交仔猪配制的基础日粮：玉米63％、豆粕24.0％、大豆油1.5％、小麦麸6.5％，保育猪预混料5％，保育猪预混料为每公斤保育猪全价饲料提供1000UI植酸酶、除Cu之外的矿物元素锌60mg、铁150mg、锰85.9mg、硒0.3mg、碘0.14mg，常量元素：钙5mg、磷2.5mg，食盐3mg，维生素：VA 2000IU、VD3 1500IU、VE53mg、VK3 1mg、VB1 6mg、VB2 2.8mg、VB6 2.8mg、VB12 0.1mg、叶酸2mg、烟酸8mg、泛酸28mg、生物素0.2mg，氨基酸：6.23mg、蛋氨酸2.78mg、苏氨酸3.25mg、色氨酸1.14mg、异亮氨酸1.61mg。对照组1保育猪全价饲料中铜添加终浓度为60mg/kg(不含二甲酸钾)，对照组2保育猪全价饲料中铜添加终浓度为60mg/kg、二甲酸钾添加浓度为0.8g/kg，本发明的处理组未添加铜元素，但添加二甲酸钾的浓度0.8g/kg。用以上保育猪全价饲料分别饲喂三元(杜×长×大)保育猪(28日龄，饲喂5周)，试验期间自由采食、饮水。
5周保育期结束后，试验结果经t-检验表明，各组的起始体重无显著差异(P>0.05)，试验结束时对照组2和本发明的处理组1的平均体重均显著高于对照组1(P<0.05)，但对照组2和本发明处理组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。
由以上实施例1～3的实验结论可知，应用酸化剂(二甲酸钾)对仔猪的健康和生长促进作用，可以形成不添加铜又能保障保育期仔猪生长性能的预混料和全价饲料。通过本发明形成的零铜添加的保育期仔猪全价饲料可与具有相同营养水平的添加铜元素的全价饲料取得相近的生长性能，从而达到降低猪尿液中铜对耕地和种植业的造成的质量安全威胁。
Claims (9)
1.一种保育猪预混料，其特征在于包括如下成分：500~1000IU 植酸酶、8~12 g 二甲酸钾，以1kg全价饲料为计，所述保育猪预混料不含有Cu。
2.如权利要求1所述的保育猪预混料，其特征在于包括除Cu之外的矿物质元素，所述矿物质元素包括：30~110mg 锌、10~300mg铁、10~150mg锰、0.03~1mg硒和0.01~0.5mg碘。
3.如权利要求1所述的保育猪预混料，其特征在于包括常量元素，所述常量元素为4~11mg钙和/或0~5.5mg磷。
4.如权利要求1所述的保育猪预混料，其特征在于包括3~8mg食盐。
5.如权利要求1所述的保育猪预混料，其特征在于包括维生素，所述维生素包含：VA1300~4000IU、VD3 150~500IU、VE 10~100mg、VK3 0~2mg、VB1 1~6mg、VB2 1~3mg、VB6 1~3mg、VB12 0.05~0.1mg、叶酸0.6~2mg、烟酸20~40mg、泛酸10~15mg和生物素0.2~0.5mg。
6.如权利要求1所述的保育猪预混料，其特征在于包括氨基酸，所述氨基酸选自不超过15mg赖氨酸、不超过6mg蛋氨酸、不超过5mg胱氨酸、不超过3mg苏氨酸、不超过1mg色氨酸、不超过1mg异亮氨酸和/或者不超过1mg缬氨酸。
7.一种保育猪全价饲料，包括如下营养成分：粗蛋白含量为14%~18%，消化能为3000~3300kcal/kg，赖氨酸含量为1.2~1.6%，%是指以全价饲料为计，kcal/kg是指以1kg全价饲料为计，其特征在于，所述保育猪全价饲料还包括保育猪预混料，所述保育猪预混料包括：500~1000IU 植酸酶、8~12 g 二甲酸钾，所述保育猪预混料成分的用量以1kg全价饲料为计，所述保育猪预混料不含有Cu。
8.如权利要求7所述的保育猪全价饲料，其特征在于包括以下原料：40~65%玉米、10~30%豆粕、10~25%大豆、0~30%大麦、0~30%小麦、0~2%米糠和0~15%麦麸，所述保育猪预混料占所述保育猪全价饲料为4~8%。
9.如权利要求7所述的保育猪全价饲料，其特征在于包括不超过2%大豆油。
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