CN113348953A

CN113348953A - Planting method of open-heart apple trees

Info

Publication number: CN113348953A
Application number: CN202110850019.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邵刚; 宋来庆; 赵玲玲; 姜中武
Original assignee: Longkou Nancun Orchard Fruit Co ltd
Current assignee: Longkou Nancun Orchard Fruit Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-27
Filing date: 2021-07-27
Publication date: 2021-09-07

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method of open-heart apple trees, belonging to the apple tree planting related technical field, the forming of a tree body framework, the height of a trunk of the tree body is fixed to be about 1.3 m, the trunk can be fixed to be about 1 m to 1.5 m according to the terrain and the topography, two permanent main branches which are relatively opened are cultured on the trunk by using a branch fixing device, the two main branches of the high trunk are opened, the primary main branch and the secondary side branch are distributed in parallel and uniformly, the space above an orchard is occupied, the illumination utilization rate is high, the light transmittance is high, all parts are uniformly illuminated, the inner space and the periphery are not divided, the internal quality of fruits is good, the flower bud differentiation is good due to the good illumination, the two permanent main branches which are relatively opened are cultured on the trunk by using the branch fixing device, the branch fixing device assists the apple trees to form the open-heart shape, and plays a fixed supporting role on the branches, when the trees are impacted in a larger external environment, so that the trunk is not easy to be inclined and broken, and the damage of the tree is reduced.

Description

Planting method of open-heart apple trees

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field related to apple tree planting, and particularly relates to an open-heart apple tree planting method.

Background

The shape of the open heart is the shape of a tree for producing high-quality apples, the trees droop and fruit, the yield is high, the quality is high, and the fruit bearing life can reach more than 50 years. The existing technical scheme is divided into a small crown open heart shape and a large crown open heart shape, and the forming is slow. The time for culturing the small-crown open heart shape is more than 15 years, the time for culturing the large-crown open heart shape is about 20 years, and finally three to 4 main branches with open leaves are reserved for culturing and forming. In the process of cultivation, different pruning modes and different tree forms are respectively used in the juvenile stage, the initial fruiting stage and the full fruiting stage, and the stem form, the free spindle form and the evacuation layering form are formed into the split-core form step by step, so that the tree form has higher technical requirements on workers and low mechanical application degree, and is a tree form commonly adopted by small fruit gardens.

The existing planting technology of the open-heart apple trees has the following problems:

1. the shaping time is long, and different pruning modes and different tree forms are respectively used in the juvenile stage, the initial fruiting stage and the full fruiting stage; the main trunk shape, the free spindle shape, the sparse layering shape and the small crown sparse layering shape are formed into the open heart shape step by step, and the time is more than 15 years;

2. the existing open heart shape has higher requirements on the technical level of workers, and the technical requirement of simple pruning is that the shape is formed along with branches due to tree pruning, the shape is not dead, the shape is not disordered, and various kinds of work are difficult to standardize;

3. because the standardization is difficult, the difficulty of large-area cultivation management is high, the mechanization degree is low, the production management cost is high, and the labor efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a planting method of an apple tree in an open heart shape, which aims to solve the problems of long forming time, high technical level requirement and difficult standardization in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an open-heart apple tree planting method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: forming a tree skeleton, namely fixing the trunk height of a main trunk of the tree body to be about 1.3 m, fixing the trunk height to be about 1 m to 1.5 m according to the terrain and the topography, and culturing two permanent main branches which are relatively opened, namely primary branches, on the main trunk by using a branch fixing device;

step two: two main branches grow to two sides in a way that the base angle is about 45-80 degrees, the length of the main branch is about 2.5-3 meters, the height of the main branch from the ground is about 2.2 meters, and a plurality of side branches, namely secondary branches, which are arranged in a fishbone-shaped staggered way are cultured on two sides of the primary main branch at a distance of about 50 centimeters;

step three: the angle between the secondary branch and the main branch is about 90 degrees and is approximately balanced with the ground, the drooping bearing branch, namely the tertiary branch, is cultured on the secondary branch, and the drooping bearing branch is grown to bear fruits and continuously flowers are grown through the bearing branch and the secondary tips of the fruit moss to form long, medium and short drooping bearing branch fruits.

Preferably, the branch fixing device includes the apple tree and installs the first fixed establishment on the apple tree mobile jib, first fixed establishment includes two U-shaped poles of alternately placing in step one, the upper end of U-shaped pole articulates there is first arc, first round pin shaft hole has been seted up at the middle part of U-shaped pole, it has the round pin axle to fix the grafting in first round pin shaft hole, two the U-shaped pole articulates through the round pin axle, two the lower extreme of U-shaped pole all is installed and is used for inserting the second fixed establishment who fixes in ground to carry out the mobile jib, two the bilateral symmetry of U-shaped pole is provided with a pair of third fixed establishment, install on the tree body mobile jib of first fixed establishment top and carry out the fourth fixed establishment with two third fixed establishment cooperatees, be provided with the fifth fixed establishment of installing on the principal branch on the fourth fixed establishment.

Preferably, the second fixing mechanism comprises a fixing plate, the fixing plate is hinged to the lower end of the U-shaped rod, a plurality of jacks which are uniformly arranged are formed in the fixing plate, and inserting nails which are matched with each other are fixedly inserted into the jacks.

Preferably, the third fixing mechanism comprises a rack, a second pin shaft hole is formed in the lower end of the rack, and the pin shaft penetrates through the second pin shaft hole to enable the rack to be hinged to the two U-shaped rods.

Preferably, the fourth fixing mechanism comprises two symmetrically arranged fixing frames, both ends of the fixing frame are fixedly connected with mounting plates, the mounting plates on the two fixing frames are fixedly connected through bolts, the fixing frame is in threaded connection with a first threaded rod, one end of the first threaded rod is rotatably connected with a second arc-shaped plate, both outer side walls of the second arc-shaped plate are fixedly connected with sliding rods, one ends of the outer sides of the two sliding rods are slidably connected with the inner side wall of the fixing frame, both lower end surfaces of both sides of the fixing frame are fixedly connected with fixing rods, the bottom ends of the fixing rods are fixedly connected with fixing rings, a connecting rod is arranged below the fixing frame in parallel, two annular grooves are formed in the circumferential outer walls of both ends of the connecting rod, the fixing rods are rotatably connected in the annular grooves of the connecting rod through the fixing rings at the lower ends, both ends of the connecting rod are fixedly connected with gears, the gear is meshed with the rack, a telescopic rod is vertically fixed on the outer wall of the middle section of the connecting rod, and one end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a connecting plate.

Preferably, the fifth fixing mechanism comprises a U-shaped plate, the U-shaped plate is hinged to the connecting plate, a first clamping plate is fixedly connected to the inner side face of the lower end of the U-shaped plate, a second clamping plate is arranged above the first clamping plate, a second threaded rod is connected to the upper surface of the second clamping plate in a rotating mode, the second threaded rod is in threaded connection with the U-shaped plate, a knob is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second threaded rod, two limiting rods are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the second threaded rod and are connected with the U-shaped plate in a sliding mode, the two limiting rods are connected with the U-shaped plate in a sliding mode, one ends of the two limiting rods are fixedly connected with the second clamping plate, and the two limiting rods are fixedly connected with connecting pieces at the other ends of the two limiting rods, and the connecting pieces are connected with the second threaded rod in a rotating mode.

Compared with the existing planting technology of the open-heart apple trees, the invention provides the planting method of the open-heart apple trees, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. the high-stem fruit tree has two main branches, the first-stage main branch and the second-stage side branch are opened in angle and are evenly distributed in parallel, the space above an orchard is occupied, the illumination utilization rate is high, the light transmittance is high, all parts are uniformly illuminated, the inner space and the periphery are not divided, the internal quality of fruits is good, and the quality consistency is high. Because of good illumination, flower buds are well differentiated and are not classified into different years.

2. The tree forms of the invention all droop, the fruit shapes are regular, the branches and leaves are not easy to abrade, and the proportion of first-grade fruits is large; the utilization rate of the vertical and horizontal three-dimensional space is high, and the method can continuously produce high-quality and high-yield products.

3. The fruit bearing part of the fruit tree is reasonable in height from the ground, the fruit bearing part is 60 cm to 2 m away from the ground, the work such as pruning, branch pulling, bag sleeving, bag taking, fruit picking and the like is easier, the manual management and operation are convenient, climbing and climbing ladders are not needed, a mechanical operation platform is not needed, the manual work of 80% of the whole tree in the full fruit bearing period can be completed by standing on the ground, only a small stool is arranged at the highest position, compared with other tree shapes, the manual work efficiency is greatly improved, the labor cost is reduced, and the labor intensity and the danger are reduced.

4. The garden building is simple and the investment is less. Two main branches extend to the secondary branches between the rows and extend in a forward way by adopting the row spacing of about 6 meters and the plant spacing of about 2.5 meters; or 4 m or so row spacing and 5 m or so plant spacing, the two main branches extend in the same row, and the secondary branches extend in the same row. About 30 to 50 plants per mu. Compared with the current short stock close planting cultivation, the tree is about 2 meters high, the cost of sapling, frame material, steel wires and the like is greatly reduced and avoided, and the garden building cost only needs two parts of short stock close planting cultivation.

5. Because all main branches and side branches are basically on the same plane, the illumination utilization rate is high and balanced, and the direction of the planting rows is not fixedly required. The opening directions of the two main branches are not fixed, and the two main branches can be opened to the space between the rows or be opened along the rows. Can be flexibly arranged according to the terrain, and only needs to keep the planting mode of a single plot consistent.

6. The tree form culture is simple, the technology is easy to master, the operation can be realized by simple training of ordinary personnel without any professional knowledge, and the standardized step-by-step flow process can be realized. The tree form can be formed to have sustainable excellent yield and high yield for more than 50 years, avoids repeatedly building gardens, and is particularly suitable for standardized planting in large bases.

7. Because the main branches and the side branches are reasonable in height, the main branches and the side branches fully grow to the row spaces, the upper space of the row spaces is occupied, the machine walks under the row branches, the illumination utilization rate is improved, and sufficient mechanical operation space is reserved.

8. The first-level branches are permanent branches, the second-level branches and the third-level branches are temporary branches, and the first-level branches and the second-level branches are opened smoothly, so that the nutrition distribution is balanced, the fruit quality is high in consistency and good in quality, the capacity of developing new branches after old branches are removed is high, and the branch group updating is facilitated. When the branch group continuously bears fruit for 3-5 years, the branch group is timely updated, so that the branch-trunk ratio can be opened, and the new branch strong fruit is always kept. Even after 30 years, the high yield and the stable yield can be maintained.

9. The branches, leaves and fruits of the tree form are reasonable in division, the spray can easily penetrate, and the effect of mechanical pest control is enhanced.

10. The existing close planting high spindle-shaped orchard is difficult to manage, and can be changed into a two-main-branch open-heart shape under the condition of producing high-quality apples. The orchard can be gradually transformed into an orchard for producing high-quality apples in three years without seriously influencing the yield, so that the cost can be reduced and the efficiency can be improved.

11. The invention can also be applied to other varieties of fruit trees.

12. According to the apple tree trunk, the two permanent main branches which are oppositely opened are cultured on the main rod through the branch fixing device, the apple tree is assisted by the branch fixing device to form an open heart shape, meanwhile, the apple tree trunk and the apple tree branches are fixed and supported, when the apple tree trunk is impacted by a large external environment, the apple tree trunk is not prone to being obliquely broken, and damage to the apple tree is reduced.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention without limiting the invention in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the first level branch of an apple tree according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the secondary branches of an apple tree according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the third level branch of an apple tree according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a branch fixing device according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a first fixing mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a second fixing mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a third fixing mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a fourth fixing mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a fifth fixing mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an apple tree according to the present invention in a transformed open heart shape;

in the figure: 1. apple trees; 2. a first fixing mechanism; 3. a second fixing mechanism; 4. a third fixing mechanism; 5. a fourth fixing mechanism; 6. a fifth fixing mechanism; 21. a U-shaped rod; 22. a first arc-shaped plate; 23. a first pin shaft hole; 24. a pin shaft; 31. a fixing plate; 32. a jack; 33. inserting a nail; 41. a rack; 42. a second pin shaft hole; 51. a fixed mount; 52. mounting a plate; 53. a second arc-shaped plate; 54. a slide bar; 55. a first threaded rod; 56. fixing the rod; 57. a connecting rod; 58. a gear; 59. a telescopic rod; 510. a connecting plate; 511. a bolt; 61. a U-shaped plate; 62. a first splint; 63. a second splint; 64. a second threaded rod; 65. connecting sheets; 66. a limiting rod.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-10, the present invention provides a technical solution: an open-heart apple tree planting method comprises the following steps:

Only two opposite primary main branches are reserved, and a layer of secondary side branches with reasonable space is reserved; the heights and angles of the primary main branches and the secondary side branches are adjusted, the main branches grow towards the plants and the rows, the upper spaces of the plants and the rows are fully occupied, and the utilization rate of illumination is improved; the height of the highest point of the first-level branch and the second-level branch is about 2.2 meters away from the ground; opening the first-level branches, leveling the second-level branches, drooping the third-level branches, adjusting long, medium and short bearing branches growing on the second-level branches, fully utilizing the lower space, and performing three-dimensional division and drooping; the fruit trees are continuously updated according to the growth vigor along with the growth of the fruit trees: and adjusting the ratio of the first-level branches to the second-level branches, and adjusting the ratio of the first-level branches to the second-level branches to the third-level branches. The machine walks under the branches between rows, thereby not only improving the utilization rate of illumination, but also reserving sufficient mechanical operation space. Except the space for keeping the machine to pass through, the remaining space about 0.6 to 2 meters away from the ground can be completely adjusted into a result space, and the result rate can be improved.

Wherein, in the first step, the branch fixing device comprises an apple tree 1 and a first fixing mechanism 2 arranged on a main rod of the apple tree 1, the first fixing mechanism 2 comprises two U-shaped rods 21 which are arranged in a crossed way, the upper ends of the U-shaped rods 21 are hinged with a first arc-shaped plate 22, the middle part of the U-shaped rods 21 is provided with a first pin shaft hole 23, a pin shaft 24 is fixedly inserted in the first pin shaft hole 23, the two U-shaped rods 21 are hinged through the pin shaft 24, the lower ends of the two U-shaped rods 21 are respectively provided with a second fixing mechanism 3 which is fixedly inserted in the ground and fixed on the main rod, the second fixing mechanism 3 comprises a fixing plate 31, the fixing plate 31 is hinged with the lower ends of the U-shaped rods 21, the fixing plate 31 is provided with a plurality of jacks 32 which are arranged uniformly, inserting nails 33 which are inserted in the jacks 32, after the two fixing plates 31 are pressed inwards, the inserting nails 33 penetrate through the jacks 32 to fix the device on the ground, on one hand, the apple tree protection device can assist the apple tree 1 to form an open heart shape, and on the other hand, the apple tree protection device can protect the support bars from being damaged by external force, so that a certain protection effect is achieved.

It should be noted that, a pair of third fixing mechanisms 4 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the two U-shaped rods 21, each third fixing mechanism 4 comprises a rack 41, a second pin shaft hole 42 is formed in the lower end of each rack 41, the pin shaft 24 penetrates through the second pin shaft hole 42 to enable the racks 41 to be hinged to the two U-shaped rods 21, and when the U-shaped rods 21 are extruded and contracted inwards, the two racks 41 can be pulled to move downwards.

It should be understood that, the fourth fixing mechanism 5 matched with the two third fixing mechanisms 4 is installed on the tree trunk above the first fixing mechanism 2, the fourth fixing mechanism 5 includes two symmetrically placed fixing frames 51, both ends of the fixing frame 51 are fixedly connected with the mounting plates 52, the mounting plates 52 on the two fixing frames 51 are fixedly connected through the bolts 511, the fixing frame 51 is connected with the first threaded rod 55 through the thread, one end of the first threaded rod 55 is rotatably connected with the second arc-shaped plate 53, both side outer walls of the second arc-shaped plate 53 are fixedly connected with the sliding rods 54, one end of the outer side of the two sliding rods 54 is slidably connected with the inner side wall of the fixing frame 51, the first threaded rod 55 can be screwed, the second arc-shaped plate 53 can slide in parallel under the limit of the sliding rods 54 on both sides through the thread relation between the first threaded rod 55 and the fixing frame 51, and can be clamped on the trunk, equal fixedly connected with dead lever 56 of terminal surface under mount 51's both sides, the solid fixed ring of bottom fixedly connected with of dead lever 56, mount 51's below parallel arrangement has connecting rod 57, two ring channels have been seted up on the both ends circumference outer wall of connecting rod 57, the fixed ring of dead lever 56 through the lower extreme rotates to be connected in the ring channel of connecting rod 57, the equal fixedly connected with gear 58 in both ends of connecting rod 57, gear 58 meshes with rack 41 mutually, vertically fixed has telescopic link 59 on the middle section outer wall of connecting rod 57, the one end fixedly connected with connecting plate 510 of telescopic link 59, the motion of accessible rack 41, it rotates to drive telescopic link 59 by rack 41 and gear 58's meshing relation, thereby it slides on the main branch to drive fifth fixed establishment 6 by telescopic link 59.

It should be noted that the fourth fixing mechanism 5 is provided with a fifth fixing mechanism 6 mounted on the main branch, the fifth fixing mechanism 6 includes a U-shaped plate 61, the U-shaped plate 61 is hinged on a connecting plate 510, a first clamping plate 62 is fixedly connected to the inner side surface of the lower end of the U-shaped plate 61, a second clamping plate 63 is arranged above the first clamping plate 62, the upper surface of the second clamping plate 63 is rotatably connected with a second threaded rod 64, the second threaded rod 64 is in threaded connection with the U-shaped plate 61, the upper end of the second threaded rod 64 is fixedly connected with a knob, two limiting rods 66 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the second threaded rod 64, the two limiting rods 66 are both in sliding connection with the U-shaped plate 61, one ends of the two limiting rods 66 are both fixedly connected with the second clamping plate 63, the other ends of the two limiting rods 66 are fixedly connected with a connecting sheet 65, the connecting sheet 65 is rotatably connected with the second threaded rod 64, and the second threaded rod 64 can be rotated, through the threaded relation of the second threaded rod 64 and the U-shaped plate 61, the second clamping plate 63 can vertically slide relative to the first clamping plate 62 under the limit of the limiting rods 66 on the two sides, and then can be clamped on the branches or detached.

As shown in fig. 10, the purpose of the device is to change the apple tree 1 from the left state to the right state (open heart shape), and fig. 4 is a diagram of the effect of the apple tree 1 after using the device.

The working principle and the using process of the invention are as follows: in use, the device is assembled. First two U-shaped rods 21 are placed crosswise at the bottom of the apple tree 1. The hinge seat on one side of the fixing plate 31 is hinged with the U-shaped rod 21. One end of the pin shaft 24 is inserted through the two first pin shaft holes 23, and the rack 41 is mounted with the pin shaft 24 through the second pin shaft hole 42. Then, the two U-shaped plates 61 are respectively buckled on the two forks of the apple tree 1, so that the first clamping plate 62 is contacted with the bottom of the fork, and the second threaded rod 64 is rotated, so that the second clamping plate 63 moves downwards to clamp the fork. The angle and length of the telescopic rod 59 are adjusted to make the two fixing frames 51 located at both sides of the apple tree 1, and both sides of the top of the rack 41 are engaged with the gear 58, and then the two fixing frames 51 are installed by the bolt 511. The first threaded rod 55 is rotated to move the two second arc plates 53 inwards to clamp the apple tree 1, and the assembly of the device is completed.

The device uses the operation: the two fixing plates 31 are moved inwards, at this time, the two first arc-shaped plates 22 can be moved towards the apple tree 1 through the rotation of the U-shaped rod 21, and meanwhile, the pin shaft 24 can move upwards, so that the rack 41 is driven to move upwards. The rack 41 drives the connecting rod 57 to rotate through the gear 58, and the connecting rod 57 drives the telescopic rod 59 and the fifth fixing mechanism 6 to rotate (the fifth fixing mechanism 6 on the left side drives the fork to rotate counterclockwise, and the fifth fixing mechanism 6 on the right side drives the fork to rotate clockwise). At the same time as the first arc-shaped plate 22 achieves the clamping effect on the apple tree 1, the two branches at the top end of the apple tree 1 are changed from the state at the left side to the state at the right side in fig. 10. Finally, the plug pin 33 is inserted into the hole 32 and hammering is carried out, and the plug pin 33 is inserted into the ground to finish fixing.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The planting method of the open-heart apple trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method for planting an apple tree in an open heart shape according to claim 1, wherein: the branch fixing device in the first step comprises an apple tree (1) and a first fixing mechanism (2) installed on a main rod of the apple tree (1), the first fixing mechanism (2) comprises two U-shaped rods (21) which are arranged in a crossed mode, a first arc-shaped plate (22) is hinged to the upper ends of the U-shaped rods (21), a first pin shaft hole (23) is formed in the middle of each U-shaped rod (21), a pin shaft (24) is fixedly inserted into the first pin shaft hole (23), the two U-shaped rods (21) are hinged through the pin shaft (24), second fixing mechanisms (3) used for being fixedly inserted into the ground to fix the main rod are installed at the lower ends of the two U-shaped rods (21), a pair of third fixing mechanisms (4) is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the two U-shaped rods (21), a fourth fixing mechanism (5) matched with the two main rods (4) is installed on a tree body above the first fixing mechanism (2), and a fifth fixing mechanism (6) arranged on the main branch is arranged on the fourth fixing mechanism (5).

3. The method for planting an apple tree in an open heart shape according to claim 2, wherein: the second fixing mechanism (3) comprises a fixing plate (31), the fixing plate (31) is hinged to the lower end of the U-shaped rod (21), a plurality of jacks (32) which are uniformly arranged are formed in the fixing plate (31), and inserting nails (33) which are matched with each other are fixedly inserted into the jacks (32).

4. The method for planting an apple tree in an open heart shape according to claim 2, wherein: the third fixing mechanism (4) comprises a rack (41), a second pin shaft hole (42) is formed in the lower end of the rack (41), and the pin shaft (24) penetrates through the second pin shaft hole (42) to enable the rack (41) to be hinged to the two U-shaped rods (21).

5. The method for planting an apple tree in an open heart shape according to claim 2, wherein: the fourth fixing mechanism (5) comprises two symmetrically-arranged fixing frames (51), mounting plates (52) are fixedly connected to the two ends of each fixing frame (51) through bolts (511), the mounting plates (52) on the two fixing frames (51) are fixedly connected through bolts (511), a first threaded rod (55) is connected to each fixing frame (51) through threads, one end of each first threaded rod (55) is rotatably connected with a second arc-shaped plate (53), sliding rods (54) are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the two sides of each second arc-shaped plate (53), one ends of the outer sides of the two sliding rods (54) are slidably connected with the inner side wall of each fixing frame (51), fixing rods (56) are fixedly connected to the lower end faces of the two sides of each fixing frame (51), fixing rings are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the fixing rods (56), and connecting rods (57) are arranged below the fixing frames (51, two ring channels have been seted up on the both ends circumference outer wall of connecting rod (57), dead lever (56) rotate through the solid fixed ring of lower extreme and connect in the ring channel of connecting rod (57), the equal fixedly connected with gear (58) in both ends of connecting rod (57), gear (58) mesh mutually with rack (41), vertically fixed has telescopic link (59) on the middle section outer wall of connecting rod (57), the one end fixedly connected with connecting plate (510) of telescopic link (59).

6. The method for planting an apple tree in an open heart shape according to claim 5, wherein: the fifth fixing mechanism (6) comprises a U-shaped plate (61), the U-shaped plate (61) is hinged to a connecting plate (510), a first clamping plate (62) is fixedly connected to the inner side face of the lower end of the U-shaped plate (61), a second clamping plate (63) is arranged above the first clamping plate (62), a second threaded rod (64) is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the second clamping plate (63), the second threaded rod (64) is in threaded connection with the U-shaped plate (61), a knob is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second threaded rod (64), two limiting rods (66) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the second threaded rod (64), the two limiting rods (66) are both in sliding connection with the U-shaped plate (61), one ends of the two limiting rods (66) are both fixedly connected with the second clamping plate (63), and connecting pieces (65) are fixedly connected to the other ends of the two limiting rods (66), the connecting piece (65) is rotatably connected with the second threaded rod (64).