CN113340571B - Optical time delay measurement method and device based on optical vector analysis - Google Patents
Optical time delay measurement method and device based on optical vector analysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical time delay measuring method based on optical vector analysis, which uses microwave sweep frequency signals to carry out intensity modulation on single-frequency optical carrier wave with the frequency periodically changed along with time; then inputting the generated modulated optical signals into an optical link to be tested and converting the reflected modulated optical signals into electric signals; and extracting the amplitude and phase information of the electric signal, performing inverse Fourier transform on the amplitude and phase information to obtain the time domain impulse response of the optical link to be detected, and calculating the optical time delay of each reflection point according to the time domain impulse response of each reflection point contained in the time domain impulse response. The invention also discloses an optical time delay measuring device based on the optical vector analysis. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of ultra-far measurement distance, higher time domain resolution and higher time delay measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical measurement, in particular to an optical time delay measurement method.
Background
With the rapid development of optical information systems, high-precision optical delay measurement and control become key to the development and application of high-performance information systems such as 5G wireless communication networks, light-operated phased arrays and distributed radar networks. In the development and production process of the optical device, single-end detection is required to improve the production efficiency. However, for optical links, they generally consist of a plurality of devices, and involve coupling of an optical fiber with other materials, which can generate a plurality of reflection points, where the reflection light from each reflection point interferes with each other, and affects the delay measurement of the optical link. This type of problem is essentially due to the multiple transmission paths of probe light, which the existing measurement techniques do not have the capability of time-domain resolution.
The current optical delay measurement method mainly comprises three methods of a pulse method, a frequency scanning interferometry method and a phase-push method. The measurement accuracy of the pulse method is limited by the pulse width, and is generally in nanosecond level, so that the requirement of high-accuracy time delay measurement cannot be met, and the measurement accuracy and the measurement distance are a pair of contradictory quantities; the frequency scanning interferometry can achieve higher measurement accuracy, but is essentially that a narrow-band optical device and a long optical fiber link cannot be measured by changing a large frequency domain bandwidth into high measurement accuracy, and the application is limited in many scenes; the phase-push method utilizes phase change in transmission to calculate the optical fiber time delay, can realize the measurement accuracy of the order of ten femtoseconds in a narrow-band measurement range of several GHz (S.P.Li, T.Qing, J.B.Fu, X.C.Wang, S.L.Pan, "High-Accuracy and Fast Measurement of Optical Transfer Delay," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol.70,8000204, 2021.) but cannot measure the multipath transmission time delay, cannot guarantee the measurement distance and measurement accuracy and simultaneously have the time domain resolution capability, so that the phase-push method cannot be applied to diagnosis of an optical fiber link.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides an optical time delay measurement method based on optical vector analysis, which has ultra-far measurement distance, higher time domain resolution and time delay measurement precision.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention specifically solves the technical problems as follows:
an optical time delay measuring method based on optical vector analysis uses microwave sweep frequency signals to carry out intensity modulation on single-frequency optical carriers with the frequency periodically changed along with time; then inputting the generated modulated optical signals into an optical link to be tested and converting the reflected modulated optical signals into electric signals; and extracting the amplitude and phase information of the electric signal, performing inverse Fourier transform on the amplitude and phase information to obtain the time domain impulse response of the optical link to be detected, and calculating the optical time delay of each reflection point according to the time domain impulse response of each reflection point contained in the time domain impulse response.
Preferably, the optical delay of each reflection point is calculated according to the time domain impulse response of each reflection point contained in the time domain impulse response of the optical link to be measured, specifically according to the following formula:
wherein h (t) is the time domain impulse response of the optical link to be tested, eta is the responsivity of a photoelectric detector used for converting the reflected modulated optical signal into an electric signal, G is the optical amplification gain obtained by the reflected light, M is the modulation index of the intensity modulation, N is the number of reflection points, A n 、τ n The reflected light amplitude and light time delay of the nth reflection point respectively, t is time, delta (t-tau) n ) Representing the time domain impulse response of the nth reflection point.
Further, the method further comprises: the time domain impulse response of each reflection point is respectively transformed into a frequency domain to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the reflected light of each reflection point; and calculating group time delay of the light reflected by each reflection point by using the phase of the light reflected by each reflection point through a phase-inversion method, and taking the calculated group time delay as the accurate light time delay of the light reflected by the corresponding reflection point.
Preferably, the optical carrier is generated by a drive signal having a periodically varying amplitude to the distributed feedback laser input.
Preferably, the reflected modulated optical signal is amplified and filtered before being converted into an electrical signal.
The following technical scheme can be obtained based on the same inventive concept:
an optical delay measurement device based on optical vector analysis, comprising:
the detection light input module is used for carrying out intensity modulation on a single-frequency optical carrier wave with the frequency periodically changing along with time by using a microwave sweep frequency signal, and inputting the generated modulated optical signal into an optical link to be detected;
the optical detection module is used for converting the modulated optical signals reflected by the optical link to be detected into electric signals;
a web receiver for extracting web information of the electrical signal;
and the data processing module is used for carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the amplitude and phase information of the electric signal to obtain the time domain impulse response of the optical link to be detected, and calculating the optical time delay of each reflection point according to the time domain impulse response of each reflection point contained in the time domain impulse response.
Preferably, the data processing module calculates the optical delay of each reflection point according to the following formula:
wherein h (t) is the time domain impulse response of the optical link to be tested, eta is the responsivity of a photoelectric detector used for converting the reflected modulated optical signal into an electric signal, G is the optical amplification gain obtained by the reflected light, M is the modulation index of the intensity modulation, N is the number of reflection points, A n 、τ n The reflected light amplitude and light time delay of the nth reflection point respectively, t is time, delta (t-tau) n ) Representing the time domain impulse response of the nth reflection point.
Further, the data processing module further includes:
the accurate measurement module is used for obtaining the amplitude and the phase of the reflected light of each reflection point by respectively transforming the time domain impulse response of each reflection point to the frequency domain, then calculating the group delay of the reflected light of each reflection point by using the phase of the reflected light of each reflection point through a phase-push method, and taking the calculated group delay as the accurate light delay of the reflected light of the corresponding reflection point.
Preferably, the optical carrier is generated by a drive signal having a periodically varying amplitude to the distributed feedback laser input.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises:
and the amplifying and filtering module is used for amplifying and filtering the reflected modulated optical signals before converting the reflected modulated optical signals into electric signals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts the optical vector analysis method with time domain resolution to measure the optical time delay, has the advantages of high measurement precision, large measurement range, high measurement speed and the like, can measure the multipath transmission time delay, and has extremely high application value; the invention can also select to measure the optical delay of each reflection point in the optical link to be measured rapidly but coarsely according to actual needs, can also select to measure the optical delay of each reflection point accurately based on a phase-push method, and has better use flexibility.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of an optical delay measuring device based on optical vector analysis according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention solves the problems that the reflection type measurement is carried out by utilizing a special detection light signal, and the optical time delay measurement with the time domain resolution capability is carried out based on the light vector analysis, so that the ultra-far measurement distance and the higher time domain resolution capability and time delay measurement precision are simultaneously obtained.
The invention provides a light delay measurement method based on light vector analysis, which comprises the following steps: intensity modulation is carried out on a single-frequency optical carrier wave with the frequency periodically changed along with time by using a microwave sweep frequency signal; then inputting the generated modulated optical signals into an optical link to be tested and converting the reflected modulated optical signals into electric signals; and extracting the amplitude and phase information of the electric signal, performing inverse Fourier transform on the amplitude and phase information to obtain the time domain impulse response of the optical link to be detected, and calculating the optical time delay of each reflection point according to the time domain impulse response of each reflection point contained in the time domain impulse response.
The invention provides an optical time delay measuring device based on optical vector analysis, which comprises:
the detection light input module is used for carrying out intensity modulation on a single-frequency optical carrier wave with the frequency periodically changing along with time by using a microwave sweep frequency signal, and inputting the generated modulated optical signal into an optical link to be detected;
the optical detection module is used for converting the modulated optical signals reflected by the optical link to be detected into electric signals;
a web receiver for extracting web information of the electrical signal;
and the data processing module is used for carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the amplitude and phase information of the electric signal to obtain the time domain impulse response of the optical link to be detected, and calculating the optical time delay of each reflection point according to the time domain impulse response of each reflection point contained in the time domain impulse response.
The single-frequency optical carrier with the frequency periodically changing along with time has the function of reducing the time coherence of the optical carrier and avoiding the influence of interference of reflected optical signals in an optical fiber link on measurement. The optical carrier may be generated in a variety of ways, for example, by periodically varying the amplitude of the drive signal input to the distributed feedback laser, external modulation of the original optical carrier with a broad spectrum electrical signal, and so on. The invention preferably generates the optical carrier by a drive signal that varies periodically with respect to the input amplitude of the distributed feedback laser.
For the convenience of public understanding, the following detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention will be given with reference to a specific embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
the basic structure of the optical delay measurement device in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, where a frequency oscillation light source module generates a single-frequency optical signal whose frequency varies periodically with time as an optical carrier, and the intensity modulation is performed on a swept-frequency microwave signal output by a swept-frequency microwave source in an electro-optical modulation module, and the generated intensity modulation signal is transmitted to an optical fiber link to be measured through an optical circulator; the method comprises the steps that a reflected light signal received from the other port of the optical circulator is firstly subjected to optical signal amplification and out-of-band noise suppression through an optical amplifying module and an optical band-pass filter in sequence, then is converted into an electric signal through an optical detection module, an amplitude phase receiver extracts amplitude phase information of the electric signal, a data processing module carries out inverse Fourier transform on the amplitude phase information of the electric signal to obtain time domain impulse response of an optical link to be detected, and optical time delay of each reflection point is calculated according to the time domain impulse response of each reflection point contained in the time domain impulse response.
The frequency oscillating light source module in this embodiment includes a signal generator and a distributed feedback laser, and a sinusoidal signal of a fixed frequency from the signal generator is sent to an external analog input of a laser diode driver of the distributed feedback laser to obtain a time-varying laser driving current. Due to the frequency chirp effect, the distributed feedback laser outputs a single frequency optical carrier whose frequency varies sinusoidally with time.
In principle, the expression of the returned intensity modulation signal in the optical fiber link to be tested is as follows:
wherein A is n Is the amplitude of the reflected light of each reflection point in the optical fiber link to be measured, τ n Is the optical time delay undergone by the reflected light of each reflection point, M is the modulation index of intensity modulation, omega m Is the frequency, omega of the microwave signal c Is the frequency of the optical carrier and N is the number of reflection points. After amplification, filtering and photoelectric conversion, the recovered microwave signal received by the amplitude receiver can be expressed in the frequency domain as:
where η is the responsivity of the photodetector and G is the optical amplification gain obtained from the reflected light. Performing inverse Fourier transform on the formula (2) to obtain the time domain response of the optical fiber link to be detected, wherein the time domain impulse response comprises the time domain impulse response of each reflection point, and the expression is as follows:
the time domain impulse response of each reflection point contained in the time domain response of the optical fiber link to be detected is utilized to calculate the optical time delay tau of each reflection point according to the formula (3) n 。
To obtain a more accurate tau n The time domain impulse response of each reflection point can be further subjected to Fourier transformation to obtain the amplitude and the phase, and then the phase is utilized to calculate the group delay of the reflected light of each reflection point by using a phase-push method. The group delay and phase delay are equal considering that the group delay of the fiber link is constant over a small frequency range. The group delay of each reflection point can be used as the accurate optical delay of the reflected light of the corresponding reflection point.
After obtaining the accurate time delay of the reflected light of each reflection point, the accurate position of each reflection point can be further determined. In a homogeneous medium, the phase retardation can be determined by the length L of the device, the effective refractive index n eff And the speed of light in vacuum c 0 To express, therefore, there are:
wherein L is n Indicating the length of the reflection point from the access terminal. The position of the reflection point in the optical fiber link can thus be calculated.
Claims (8)
1. The light time delay measuring method based on light vector analysis is characterized in that a microwave sweep frequency signal is used for carrying out intensity modulation on a single-frequency light carrier wave with the frequency periodically changing along with time; then inputting the generated modulated optical signals into an optical link to be tested and converting the reflected modulated optical signals into electric signals; extracting amplitude and phase information of the electric signals, performing inverse Fourier transform on the amplitude and phase information to obtain time domain impulse responses of the optical links to be detected, and calculating optical time delay of each reflection point according to the time domain impulse responses of each reflection point contained in the time domain impulse responses; the optical delay of each reflection point is calculated according to the time domain impulse response of each reflection point contained in the time domain impulse response of the optical link to be measured, and the following formula is specifically adopted:
wherein h (t) is the time domain impulse response of the optical link to be tested, eta is the responsivity of a photoelectric detector used for converting the reflected modulated optical signal into an electric signal, G is the optical amplification gain obtained by the reflected light, M is the modulation index of the intensity modulation, N is the number of reflection points, A n 、The reflected light amplitude and light delay of the nth reflection point, respectively, t is time,/->Representing the time domain impulse response of the nth reflection point.
2. The light delay measurement method based on light vector analysis according to claim 1, further comprising: the time domain impulse response of each reflection point is respectively transformed into a frequency domain to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the reflected light of each reflection point; and calculating group time delay of the light reflected by each reflection point by using the phase of the light reflected by each reflection point through a phase-inversion method, and taking the calculated group time delay as the accurate light time delay of the light reflected by the corresponding reflection point.
3. The optical delay measurement method based on optical vector analysis according to claim 1, wherein the optical carrier is generated by a driving signal whose input amplitude varies periodically to a distributed feedback laser.
4. The method for measuring optical delay based on optical vector analysis according to claim 1, wherein the reflected modulated optical signal is amplified and filtered before being converted into an electrical signal.
5. An optical delay measurement device based on optical vector analysis, comprising:
the detection light input module is used for carrying out intensity modulation on a single-frequency optical carrier wave with the frequency periodically changing along with time by using a microwave sweep frequency signal, and inputting the generated modulated optical signal into an optical link to be detected;
the optical detection module is used for converting the modulated optical signals reflected by the optical link to be detected into electric signals;
a web receiver for extracting web information of the electrical signal;
the data processing module is used for carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the amplitude and phase information of the electric signal to obtain the time domain impulse response of the optical link to be detected, and calculating the optical time delay of each reflection point according to the time domain impulse response of each reflection point contained in the time domain impulse response; the data processing module specifically calculates the optical delay of each reflection point according to the following formula:
wherein h (t) is the time domain impulse response of the optical link to be tested, eta is the responsivity of a photoelectric detector used for converting the reflected modulated optical signal into an electric signal, G is the optical amplification gain obtained by the reflected light, M is the modulation index of the intensity modulation, N is the number of reflection points, A n 、The reflected light amplitude and light delay of the nth reflection point, respectively, t is time,/->Representing the time domain impulse response of the nth reflection point.
6. The optical delay measurement device based on optical vector analysis according to claim 5, wherein the data processing module further comprises:
the accurate measurement module is used for obtaining the amplitude and the phase of the reflected light of each reflection point by respectively transforming the time domain impulse response of each reflection point to the frequency domain, then calculating the group delay of the reflected light of each reflection point by using the phase of the reflected light of each reflection point through a phase-push method, and taking the calculated group delay as the accurate light delay of the reflected light of the corresponding reflection point.
7. The optical delay measurement device based on optical vector analysis of claim 5 wherein the optical carrier is generated by a drive signal that varies periodically with respect to the input amplitude of the distributed feedback laser.
8. The optical delay measurement device based on optical vector analysis of claim 5, further comprising: and the amplifying and filtering module is used for amplifying and filtering the reflected modulated optical signals before converting the reflected modulated optical signals into electric signals.
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