CN113339395A

CN113339395A - Metal joint bearing and vibration and noise reduction method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113339395A
Application number: CN202110591485.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈小真; 罗燕; 钱越; 姚俊娜; 韩建斌; 邹敏佳; 汤腾; 刘欢; 倪世锋
Original assignee: Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-05-28
Filing date: 2021-05-28
Publication date: 2021-09-03

Abstract

The invention relates to a metal joint bearing and a method for damping and reducing noise thereof, wherein the metal joint bearing comprises the following components: dabber, dust cover, dustproof inside lining, casing, outer lane, retaining ring, ball bowl, spring and end cover are constituteed. The ball head of the metal joint bearing generates axial displacement along the mandrel relative to the outer ring, so that the fit clearance between the ball head and the maximum stressed part of the outer ring, which is increased due to abrasion, is reduced, the impact force and the abrasion between the ball head and the outer ring are reduced, the vibration and noise of the metal joint bearing are reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

Metal joint bearing and vibration and noise reduction method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of railway vehicles, in particular to a metal knuckle bearing and a vibration and noise reduction method thereof.

Background

The anti-side-rolling torsion bar system is called a torsion bar system for short, and is applied to rail transit vehicles, such as urban rail subway vehicles, high-speed motor train unit vehicles, trunk railway vehicles, trams and the like. The anti-rolling torsion bar system is a key component of a rail transit vehicle, plays a role in improving the anti-rolling rigidity in the running process of the vehicle, and is used for inhibiting the vehicle body from rolling in the conditions of vehicle turning, crosswind and the like. The torsion bar system mainly comprises a vertical connecting rod assembly (a connecting rod assembly for short), a supporting seat assembly, a torsion bar assembly (a torsion arm and a torsion bar shaft are formed) or a bending torsion bar and other connecting components. Along with the improvement of the vehicle running speed, the line working condition and the riding comfort requirement, the requirement on the node in the vertical connecting rod in the torsion bar system is higher and higher, and the node of the vertical connecting rod can meet larger deflection and torsion angles when the vehicle is required to be under a small radius plane curve, so that the vehicle running comfort is improved.

Because the vertical connecting rod node adopts cantilever type metal joint bearing mostly, this metal joint bearing is in unilateral atress (unbalance loading) state, easily produces the inhomogeneous wearing and tearing of axial, and the wearing and tearing speed is very fast, easily produces the impact after the wearing and tearing, influences anti side roll torsion bar and vehicle life-span, easily produces the noise simultaneously, influences passenger's travelling comfort. With the continuous extension of the high-speed vehicle repair process, the current five-level repair is updated to 660 kilometers or 15 years, and the service life requirement of the metal knuckle bearing for the vertical connecting rod of the high-speed vehicle is longer and longer, so that the requirement on the metal knuckle bearing is higher.

Through patent retrieval, the following patents mainly exist, which have a certain relationship with the invention:

1. the invention provides a Chinese invention patent with the application number of 201410634988.7, the application date of 2014.11.12, the publication number of CN104477198B and the publication number of 2017.03.15, the name of joint node and subway anti-side-rolling torsion bar for a subway anti-side-rolling torsion bar and the application number of Shanghai Tian Youshi railway new technology research limited company, wherein the invention provides a subway anti-side-rolling torsion bar used for the joint node and the subway anti-side-rolling torsion bar connected with a vehicle body, the joint node comprises a connecting rod connected with the anti-side-rolling torsion bar and a pin shaft used for being connected with the vehicle body, the end part of the connecting rod is provided with a round hole, the middle section of the pin shaft is a ball head, the ball head is arranged in the round hole, a polyformaldehyde ball sleeve is sleeved on the ball head, and an axially compressed sealing structure is arranged on the periphery of the polyformaldehyde ball sleeve. The ball head of the pin shaft is in contact with the spherical surface of the polyformaldehyde ball sleeve in the working process by adopting the polyformaldehyde material as the ball sleeve material, and the axially compressed sealing structure can compensate a gap generated after the polyformaldehyde material and the ball head of the pin shaft are abraded in the working process.

2. The utility model discloses a utility model patent of application number "201320573101.9", application date "2013.09.16", publication number "CN 203460647U", publication number "2014.03.05", name "a car control arm ball hinge assembly structure", applicant for "Anhui brocade automobile accessories limited company", this utility model discloses a car control arm ball hinge assembly structure, including the ball seat, and install the ball round pin in the ball seat, be equipped with a lubricating oil chamber between ball seat and the ball round pin bottom, ball seat and ball round pin upper end junction are equipped with first dust cover, and first dust cover upper end is equipped with a separation blade, be equipped with the second dust cover between separation blade and the ball round pin, the second dust cover passes through the snap ring and is connected with the ball round pin, the second dust cover is rugose form, the separation blade is arc metal, and one end card is in the ball seat; the utility model discloses set up the second dust cover of fold form outside ball round pin and ball seat, when the ball round pin is rotating to all directions, can not influence the normal rotation of ball round pin through the design of fold form.

3. The utility model relates to a swing arm ball round pin assembly and vehicle, this utility model relates to a swing arm ball round pin assembly includes the ball round pin seat, accepts in the ball round pin seat, and fasten the bush in the ball round pin seat by the gland encapsulation that links firmly in ball round pin seat bottom to and one end ball pivot in the bush, the ball round pin that the other end was stretched out by ball round pin seat top to there is hexagon nut in the top end spiro union of stretching out of ball round pin, still the suit is provided with the dirt proof boot between the end of stretching out of ball round pin and ball round pin seat, and the dirt proof boot clamps on the ball round pin seat via the jump ring. Swing arm ball round pin assembly, through the vertical oil groove of leading that sets up, can realize the longitudinal flow of grease, and when can making ball round pin longitudinal movement in the bush, have better lubricated effect, simultaneously, transversely lead the transverse flow that oil groove can realize the grease, and when ball round pin and bush take place to rotate relatively, also can guarantee lubricated effect and reduce start-up torque to make swing arm ball round pin assembly have better result of use.

4. The utility model relates to a non-maintaining formula ball hinge that application number is "CN 201020033237.7", application date is "2010.01.19", publication number is "CN 201604491U", publication date is "2010.10.13", the name is "non-maintaining formula ball hinge that independent suspension upper and lower control arm used", the applicant is "shanghai jinben automobile system limited company", this utility model relates to a non-maintaining formula ball hinge that independent suspension upper and lower control arm used. Comprises a ball pin, a dust cover, a snap ring, an end cover, a shell, a ball seat and a supporting ring; a plurality of open grooves are formed in the space surface of the inner cavity of the ball seat, which is matched with the curved surface of the outer surface of the ball pin head; the shell comprises a body and short arms extending outwards from the body, the ball seat is located between the ball pin and the shell, the supporting ring is arranged in the tapered connecting portion of the ball pin extending out of the extending end of the shell, the outer edge of the end cover is pressed into the groove at the end opening of the inner cavity of the shell body, and the dust cover is fixed on the connecting portion of the shell groove, the ball pin cone and the neck through the clamping ring.

None of the above patents addresses the technical problem of how to reduce the fit clearance after the metal spherical plain bearing is worn. Therefore, it is necessary to design a metal knuckle bearing capable of automatically adjusting or reducing the fit clearance to meet the higher technical requirements of high-speed vehicles on the metal knuckle bearing.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high abrasion speed, high noise and short service life of the conventional metal knuckle bearing and provides a metal knuckle bearing shock absorption and noise reduction method and a metal knuckle bearing.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for damping and reducing noise of a metal oscillating bearing, wherein the metal oscillating bearing comprises: the ball head and the outer ring achieve shock absorption and noise reduction through a mode of reducing a fit clearance between the ball head and the outer ring, reduce impact force and abrasion between the ball head and the outer ring, and prolong the service life of the metal knuckle bearing.

Furthermore, the ball head is displaced relative to the outer ring, so that the fit clearance between the ball head and the maximum stressed part of the outer ring, which is increased due to abrasion, is reduced.

Further, the spring is used for pushing the ball head to generate displacement, so that the fit clearance between the ball head and the outer ring is reduced.

Furthermore, the wear resistance of the contact surface is improved, the abrasion of the contact surface is reduced, the fit clearance between the ball head and the outer ring is kept, and the service life of the metal knuckle bearing is further prolonged in a phosphating treatment mode.

The invention also relates to a metal joint bearing for realizing the metal joint bearing vibration and noise reduction method, which comprises the following steps: casing, outer lane and dabber, outer lane fixed mounting are in the casing, and the one end of dabber is provided with the bulb, and the bulb rotates with the outer lane to be connected its characterized in that: the far end of the ball head is provided with a spring which pushes the ball head to move along the axial direction of the mandrel so as to reduce the fit clearance between the near end of the ball head and the outer ring which is increased due to abrasion.

Furthermore, a ball bowl is movably arranged at the far end of the ball head; the shell is provided with a shell shaft hole, the outer ring is installed in the shell shaft hole, one end of the shell shaft hole is provided with a clamping groove, and the end cover is clamped in the clamping groove; the spring sets up between ball bowl and end cover, and the spring promotes the bulb through the ball bowl to increase area of contact reduces ball bowl wearing and tearing.

Furthermore, the spring is a conical spiral compression spring, which can provide larger rigidity in a smaller space and has better radial stability.

Furthermore, the outer ring is integrally cylindrical, the inner cavity of the outer ring is spherical, an open slot along the axial direction is formed in one end of the outer ring, and the outer ring can be elastically deformed and opened through the open slot so as to be convenient for the ball head to be installed in the outer ring and maintain the integrity of the outer ring.

Furthermore, an oil storage tank is arranged in the inner cavity of the outer ring, so that the contact surface between the ball head and the outer ring can be uniformly lubricated.

And furthermore, the inner cavity of the outer ring is subjected to phosphating treatment to increase the wear resistance of the contact surface, reduce the abrasion of the contact surface, keep the fit clearance between the ball head and the outer ring and further prolong the service life of the metal knuckle bearing.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ball head of the metal joint bearing generates axial displacement along the mandrel relative to the outer ring, so that the fit clearance between the ball head and the maximum stressed part of the outer ring, which is increased due to abrasion, is reduced, the impact force and the abrasion between the ball head and the outer ring are reduced, the vibration and noise of the metal joint bearing are reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a disassembled metal spherical plain bearing,

figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a metal spherical plain bearing,

figure 3 is a schematic front view of a metal spherical plain bearing,

figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view a-a of figure 3,

figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a-a of figure 3 with the ball cup, spring and end cap removed,

figure 6 is an enlarged view of a portion K of figure 5,

figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of the housing,

figure 8 is a schematic view of a front view of the housing,

figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of B-B in figure 8,

figure 10 is a schematic perspective view of the mandrel,

figure 11 is a schematic front view of the mandrel,

figure 12 is a schematic perspective view of the outer ring in embodiment 1,

figure 13 is a front schematic view of embodiment 1 of the outer ring,

figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of C-C of figure 13,

figure 15 is a schematic perspective view of embodiment 2 of the outer ring,

figure 16 is a schematic perspective view of the retainer ring,

figure 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a retainer ring,

figure 18 is a schematic perspective view of a ball bowl,

figure 19 is a schematic front view of a ball bowl,

figure 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of D-D of figure 19,

figure 21 is a schematic perspective view of a spring,

figure 22 is a schematic perspective view of the end cap,

figure 23 is a schematic front view of the end cap,

figure 24 is a schematic cross-sectional view of E-E of figure 23,

figure 25 is a schematic perspective view of a dust cap,

figure 26 is a schematic front view of a dust cap,

figure 27 is a schematic cross-sectional view of F-F of figure 26,

figure 28 is a schematic perspective view of the dustproof lining,

figure 29 is a schematic view of the uneven wear of the metal spherical plain bearing,

FIG. 30 is a schematic view of a metal spherical joint bearing fit clearance reduction by axial displacement of the ball head relative to the outer race along the mandrel.

In the figure: 1-mandrel, 11-bulb, 111-bulb far end, 112-bulb near end, 12-mandrel taper shank, 13-mandrel connecting part; 2-dust cover, 21-dust cover small end, 22-dust cover large end; 3, dust-proof lining; 4-shell, 41-shell shaft hole, 411-clamping groove, 412-retaining ring step, H1-retaining ring step height, 42-dustproof step; 5-outer ring, 51-outer ring inner cavity, 511-oil storage tank, 52-outer ring outer wall, 53-open slot; 6-check ring, H2-check ring height; 7-ball bowl, 71-ball bowl inner side, 72-ball bowl outer side; 8, a spring; 9-end cover, 91-outer edge of end cover, 92-inner side of end cover; t1-bulb near end radial force, T2-bulb far end radial force, T3-bulb axial force, X-axial displacement, L1-bulb near end abrasion back clearance, L2-bulb near end optimum clearance.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described by the following specific embodiments in conjunction with the attached drawings:

as shown in fig. 1 to 5: the metal oscillating bearing includes: the dustproof structure comprises a mandrel 1, a dustproof cover 2, a dustproof lining 3, a shell 4, an outer ring 5, a retainer ring 6, a ball bowl 7, a spring 8 and an end cover 9.

The housing 4 is shown in fig. 6 to 9: the shell 4 is cylindrical, one end of the shell is provided with a cylindrical shell shaft hole 41, and a step for installing the outer ring 5 and the retainer ring 6 is arranged in the shell shaft hole 41. The height H1 of the retainer ring step is smaller than the height H2 of the retainer ring, so that the end cover 9 can press the outer ring 5 through the retainer ring 6 and prevent the outer ring 5 from moving in the housing shaft hole 41. One end of the shell shaft hole 41 is provided with a larger opening, the wall thickness of the end part is thinner, and after the outer ring 5, the retainer ring 6, the ball bowl 7, the spring 8 and the end cover 9 are arranged, the larger end part of the shell shaft hole 41 is bent towards the axial direction in a cold press molding mode to form a clamping groove 411 for clamping the end cover 9.

The mandrel 1 is shown in figures 10 and 11: the mandrel 1 is cylindrical, and adopts an integrated design with a ball head 11, so that the structure is simplified, and the processing is convenient. One end of the mandrel 1 is provided with a ball head 11, the middle part is provided with a mandrel taper shank 12, and the other end is provided with a mandrel connecting part 13. The top end of the ball head 11 is a ball head far end 111, the position of the ball head 11 close to the mandrel taper shank 12 is a ball head near end 112, and the mandrel taper shank 12 has a taper of 1:10, so that the self-locking function is realized, and the disassembly and the assembly are convenient. The spindle connection 13 is provided with a screw thread or a snap-in means. The surface of the mandrel is subjected to surface high-frequency quenching, and the depth is 0.5-3mm, so that the fatigue strength of the mandrel is improved.

The outer ring 5 is shown in fig. 12 to 15: the outer ring 5 is cylindrical as a whole, the outer wall 52 of the outer ring is cylindrical, and the inner cavity 51 of the outer ring is spherical. The outer ring 5 is provided with a through opening groove 53 along the axial direction, or a plurality of opening grooves 53 with the depth about half of the height of the outer ring 5. One end of the outer ring 5 can be elastically deformed to be opened by the open groove 53 so as to install the ball head (11) into the outer ring 5 to maintain the integrity of the outer ring 5. The surface of the inner cavity 51 of the outer ring is provided with an oil storage tank 511, the oil storage tank 511 comprises a groove along the radial direction and the axial direction of the inner cavity 51 of the outer ring, and the cross section of the groove is in an outer arc shape, a triangle shape or a U shape. Make the ball head 11The contact surface of the bearing ring and the outer ring 5 is uniformly lubricated, and the bearing ring is free from maintenance in the service life. The surface of the inner cavity 51 of the outer ring is subjected to anti-friction design such as phosphating treatment, and the like, and Mnphg (3-5) g/cm is recommended². The wear resistance of the contact surface is increased, the wear of the contact surface is reduced, the fit clearance between the ball head and the outer ring is kept, and the service life of the metal knuckle bearing is further prolonged.

The collar 6 is shown in figures 16 and 17: the retainer ring 6 is annular and is mounted at the larger end of the housing shaft hole 41 to retain the outer ring 5, so that the outer ring 5 is axially positioned in the housing shaft hole 41 and the outer ring 5 is prevented from being pulled out of the housing shaft hole 41.

The bowl 7 is shown in fig. 18 to 20: the ball bowl 7 is a spherical shell, and the edge is circular. The radius of the inner side of the spherical shell is the same as that of the ball head 11, and the spherical shell can be attached to the outer surface of the ball head 11. The function of protecting the ball head 11 is achieved, and the leakage of lubricating oil and the entry of dust, rain and snow are avoided; meanwhile, the spring 8 is prevented from being directly pressed on the ball head 11, so that the pressure of the spring 8 is dispersed, and the abrasion of the ball head 11 is reduced.

The spring 8 is shown in fig. 21: the spring 8 is a coil steel spring and is most preferably a truncated conical coil compression spring. The spring has the advantages that the spring can provide larger rigidity in a smaller space, the radial stability is better, and the effective number of turns of the spring is 1-3. The spring 8 is disposed between the ball cup 7 and the end cap 9, and is capable of generating a ball axial force T3 in the spindle axial direction (X) and acting on the ball distal end 111 through the ball cup 7. The spring 8 has a certain initial compression amount, so that when there is a gap between the ball 11 and the outer race 5 due to abrasion, the ball 11 can move along the axial direction (X) of the mandrel, so as to reduce the gap between the ball proximal end 112 and the outer race 5.

End cap 9 is shown in fig. 22 to 24: the end cap 9 is dish-shaped and is clamped in the clamping groove 411 to protect the parts in the shaft hole 41 of the shell and prevent dust, rain and snow from entering.

The dust cap 2 is shown in fig. 25 to 27: the dust cover 2 is horn-shaped, the small end 21 of the dust cover is sleeved on the mandrel 1, and the large end 22 of the dust cover is sleeved on the dust-proof step 42 to prevent dust, rain and snow from entering.

The dust-proof lining 3 is shown in fig. 28: the dustproof lining 3 is sleeved at the position of the mandrel taper shank 12 close to the ball head near end 112, so that the dustproof cover 2 is prevented from slipping inwards to influence the dustproof effect (oil leakage, dust and impurities and the like enter the bearing).

As shown in fig. 29 and 30: the invention reduces the fit clearance between the ball 11 and the outer ring 5 by the way that the ball 11 generates displacement along the axial direction (X) of the mandrel relative to the outer ring 5. The bulb 11 is blocked in the outer ring 5, and the bulb 11 is rotationally connected with the outer ring 5. The acting force transmitted by the connecting rod along the Y direction is applied to the contact surface of the ball 11 and the outer ring 5 along the radial direction of the mandrel 1, and after abrasion, the fit clearance between the ball 11 and the outer ring 5 is increased. Because the mandrel 1 is in a cantilever structure, the ball head proximal radial force T1 is greater than the ball head distal radial force T2, so the ball head proximal end 112 and the outer ring 5 in contact with the ball head proximal end 112 are more easily worn, and the ball head proximal wear clearance L1 is larger. Will lead to producing the impact, influence anti-rolling torsion bar and vehicle life-span, easily produce vibration and noise simultaneously, influence passenger's travelling comfort.

In the embodiment of the invention, the spring 8 can generate a ball head axial force T3 along the axial direction (X) of the mandrel, and the ball head 11 generates Δ X displacement along the axial direction (X) of the mandrel by acting on the ball head distal end 111 through the ball bowl 7, so that the fit clearance between the ball head proximal end 112 and the outer ring 5 is reduced, and the clearance is reduced from the clearance L1 after the ball head proximal end is worn to the optimal clearance L2 of the ball head proximal end. Impact is reduced, the service life of the side rolling torsion bar and the service life of a vehicle are prolonged, the effects of vibration reduction and noise reduction are achieved, and the comfort of passengers is improved.

In summary, the following steps: the invention has the beneficial effects that: the ball head of the metal joint bearing generates axial displacement along the mandrel relative to the outer ring, so that the fit clearance between the ball head and the maximum stressed part of the outer ring, which is increased due to abrasion, is reduced, the impact force and the abrasion between the ball head and the outer ring are reduced, the vibration and noise of the metal joint bearing are reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

The above embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes only and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore all equivalent technical solutions should fall within the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for damping and reducing noise of a metal oscillating bearing, wherein the metal oscillating bearing comprises: bulb and outer lane, its characterized in that: the damping and noise reduction are realized by reducing the fit clearance between the ball head and the outer ring.

2. The metal oscillating bearing shock absorption and noise reduction method according to claim 1, wherein: the ball head is displaced relative to the outer ring, so that the fit clearance between the ball head and the outer ring at the maximum stress position is reduced, which is increased due to abrasion.

3. The metal oscillating bearing shock absorbing and noise reducing method according to claim 2, wherein: the ball head is pushed by the spring to generate displacement, so that the fit clearance between the ball head and the outer ring is reduced.

4. The metal oscillating bearing shock absorbing and noise reducing method according to claim 3, wherein: through the mode of phosphating treatment to increase contact surface wear resistance, reduce the wearing and tearing of contact surface, keep the fit clearance between bulb and the outer lane.

5. A metal oscillating bearing for realizing the damping and noise reducing method of the metal oscillating bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: casing (4), outer lane (5) and dabber (1), outer lane (5) fixed mounting is in casing (4), and the one end of dabber (1) is provided with bulb (11), and bulb (11) rotate with outer lane (5) to be connected its characterized in that: a spring (8) is arranged at the far end (111) of the ball head, and the spring (8) pushes the ball head (11) to move along the axial direction (X) of the mandrel.

6. The metal oscillating bearing for realizing the metal oscillating bearing shock absorption and noise reduction method according to claim 5, wherein: a ball bowl (7) is movably arranged at the far end (111) of the ball head; the shell (4) is provided with a shell shaft hole (41), the outer ring (5) is installed in the shell shaft hole (41), one end of the shell shaft hole (41) is provided with a clamping groove (411), and the end cover (9) is clamped in the clamping groove (411); the spring (8) is arranged between the ball bowl (7) and the end cover (9).

7. The metal oscillating bearing for realizing the metal oscillating bearing shock absorption and noise reduction method according to claim 6, wherein: the spring (8) is a conical spiral compression spring.

8. The metal oscillating bearing for realizing the metal oscillating bearing shock absorption and noise reduction method according to claim 7, wherein: the outer ring (5) is cylindrical as a whole, an inner cavity (51) of the outer ring is spherical, and an opening groove (53) along the axial direction is formed in the outer ring (5).

9. The metal oscillating bearing for realizing the metal oscillating bearing shock absorption and noise reduction method according to claim 8, wherein: an oil storage tank (511) is arranged in the inner cavity (51) of the outer ring.

10. The metal oscillating bearing for realizing the metal oscillating bearing shock absorption and noise reduction method according to claim 9, wherein: the inner cavity (51) of the outer ring is phosphorized.