CN113337741B - Method for preparing CuCr alloy by utilizing Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting - Google Patents
Method for preparing CuCr alloy by utilizing Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing CuCr alloy by utilizing Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting, which comprises the following steps: preparing materials, preparing a blank body, combining plasma smelting with vacuum induction smelting and casting and solidifying, wherein the combining of the plasma smelting with the vacuum induction smelting comprises the following steps: 1) loading the CuCr alloy blank into a furnace body, vacuumizing, washing gas, preparing for plasma smelting, 2) heating the crucible while vacuumizing in the step 1), carrying out induction heating and stirring on the plasma smelted CuCr alloy liquid falling into the crucible, and 3) vacuumizing to remove gas and impurities after the CuCr alloy blank is completely subjected to plasma smelting. The invention combines two processes of plasma smelting and vacuum induction smelting, improves the smelting efficiency, shortens the smelting time, and enables the Cr content in the smelted CuCr alloy melt to reach 80 percent to the maximum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing products by metal powder, in particular to a method for preparing CuCr alloy by utilizing Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting.
Background
The CuCr alloy has good electric and thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, and is widely applied in various industries, and the arc melting process and the vacuum induction melting process are mainly adopted at present because the solid solubility of Cr in Cu is low, and the development difficulty of the cast structure CuCr alloy with high Cr content is high.
The arc melting process is limited by itself, the difficulty of preparing a contact with the Cr content of below 35% is high at present, the degassing effect is poor due to rapid solidification, the purity of a CuCr material prepared by the arc melting process has high requirement on the purity of the material, the impurity removal effect of the process is limited, the overall manufacturing cost is high, the vacuum induction melting process is low in preparation cost and capable of effectively degassing and removing impurities, a crucible is used as a melting carrier for long-time melting, impurities are introduced due to falling of the crucible due to the washing of molten metal, the performance of a product is affected, and when the Cr content exceeds 40%, even CuCr alloy molten liquid is difficult to obtain even in a liquid state, so that the Cr content in the produced CuCr alloy is less than or equal to 40%.
Therefore, in order to control the manufacturing cost and stably produce a CuCr alloy with a Cr content of 40% or more, a new production process is required to solve this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for preparing CuCr alloy by utilizing Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for preparing CuCr alloy by utilizing Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting comprises the following steps:
s1, batching: preparing Cu powder and Cr powder according to the weight percentage to obtain the Cr content of 1-80%;
preparing an S2 blank: loading Cu powder and Cr powder into a mixer, ball-milling the mixed powder, then pressing the mixed powder into a blank by adopting isostatic cool pressing, and degassing and sintering the blank after the isostatic cool pressing is finished to obtain a CuCr alloy blank;
s3 plasma melting and vacuum induction melting:
1) after the CuCr alloy blank is loaded into a furnace body, vacuumizing is carried out, and when the vacuum is 10 degrees, vacuumizing is carried out-1Stage, filling argon to micro positive pressure, then vacuumizing and refillingRepeatedly circulating argon for 3-5 times to perform gas washing, selecting argon as a gas source to prepare for plasma smelting when the detected oxygen content is less than 400ppm,
2) heating the crucible while vacuumizing in the step 1), keeping power to perform induction heating and stirring on the plasma melted CuCr alloy liquid dropped into the crucible when the temperature of the crucible is detected to be more than 1600 ℃,
3) after the CuCr alloy blank is completely melted by plasma, vacuumizing to 10 DEG-1Step two, degassing and impurity removal are carried out;
s4 fusion casting solidification: and after degassing and impurity removal are carried out on the CuCr alloy melt, the CuCr alloy melt is ensured to have certain overheating temperature and then is injected into a mold for casting, and after the casting is finished, a riser is removed through a machining process, so that a finished CuCr alloy product is obtained.
Further, in the step S2, mixing the total weight of the mixed powder and the copper balls according to a ratio of 100: ball milling and mixing powder for 3-10 h at a ball-to-material ratio of 100; the ball milling and mixing of the mixed powder can be carried out according to the ball-material ratio, so that uniform alloy mixed powder can be obtained, and a precondition foundation is laid for obtaining a high-density and uniform CuCr alloy blank by carrying out cold isostatic pressing subsequently.
Further, the parameters of the cold isostatic pressing in step S2 are: the pressure of the cold isostatic pressing is controlled to be 150-250MPa, and the pressure maintaining time of the cold isostatic pressing is controlled to be 3-10 min; the CuCr alloy blank obtained by carrying out cold isostatic pressing according to the parameters has high density, uniform and consistent density, excellent performance and short production period.
Further, the parameters of degassing and sintering in step S2 are as follows: the temperature of degassing and sintering is controlled to be 980-1050 ℃, and the heat preservation time of degassing and sintering is controlled to be 90-180 min; the CuCr alloy blank obtained by degassing and sintering according to the parameters has low gas content, relatively low porosity and higher sintering density.
Further, the parameters of the plasma smelting in the step S3 are as follows: the working power of the plasma smelting is 100 plus 200kW, and the working current of the plasma smelting is 100 plus 450A, so that the CuCr alloy blank is quickly melted and heated to above 2000 ℃; the plasma smelting according to the parameters is beneficial to quickly melting the CuCr alloy blank, so that the purity of the material is improved.
Further, the overheating temperature in the step S4 is 120 +/-5 ℃; by carrying out overheating treatment at the overheating temperature on the CuCr alloy melt, the condition of insufficient cast-in-place can be avoided, and the problems of increase of casting air holes and stress increase are avoided.
Further, a water-cooled copper mold is adopted as a mold for casting in the casting process of the step S4, and the casting speed of the CuCr alloy melt is 10-18 kg/min; the casting speed is adopted for casting the CuCr alloy melt, so that the condition that the casting speed is too low to cause insufficient casting or the casting speed is too high to cause cold shut is avoided.
Furthermore, in the step S4, the CuCr alloy melt is cast in three stages at a gradient speed, wherein the first-stage casting speed is 10 to 14kg/min, the second-stage casting speed is 14 to 18kg/min, the third-stage casting speed is 12 to 16kg/min, and the volume ratio of the first-stage casting amount, the second-stage casting amount, and the third-stage casting amount is 3: 3: 4; by adopting the staged gradient variable-speed casting, slag inclusion in the casting process is effectively avoided from being brought into the casting machine, slag removal is facilitated, the discharge of cavity gas is facilitated, the shrinkage stress of a casting piece is reduced, and the crack defect is prevented.
Further, pulse current is applied to the water-cooled copper mold, wherein the current density of the pulse current is 200-400A/mm2And the current frequency of the pulse current is positively correlated with the casting speed, and the following formula (1) is satisfied:
wherein f represents the current frequency of the pulse current, J represents the current density of the pulse current, and V represents the casting speed of the CuCr alloy melt; the pulse current within the parameter range is applied to the water-cooled copper mold, so that the shrinkage stress of the cast CuCr alloy casting piece is further reduced, the defects such as cracks are prevented, the floating of slag inclusion in the casting process can be promoted, and the mechanical property of the CuCr alloy finished product is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention introduces plasma melting on the basis of vacuum induction melting, not only controls the manufacturing cost, keeps the advantages of degassing and impurity removal of the vacuum induction melting, is not limited by the state of raw materials, but also realizes the rapid obtaining of high-temperature CuCr alloy through the intervention of the plasma melting, and avoids the non-uniformity of the CuCr alloy solution with the Cr content of more than 40 percent caused by insufficient temperature of the vacuum induction melting.
(2) The method of the invention keeps the advantages of vacuum induction melting, degassing and impurity removal and casting, solidification and impurity removal, effectively improves the melting temperature and shortens the melting time through the intervention of plasma melting, shortens the contact time of the CuCr alloy solution and a melting carrier crucible through the intervention of plasma melting, reduces the crucible washing and introducing impurities, improves the performance of the CuCr alloy, and ensures that the highest Cr content in the melted CuCr alloy solution can reach 80 percent due to the improvement of the melting temperature.
(3) The method adopts staged gradient variable-speed casting, effectively avoids slag inclusion brought into the interior in the casting process, is beneficial to removing slag, is beneficial to removing cavity gas, is beneficial to reducing the shrinkage stress of a casting piece, and is beneficial to preventing crack defects, thereby improving the mechanical property of the CuCr alloy.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for preparing CuCr alloy by utilizing Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting comprises the following steps:
s1, batching: preparing Cu powder and Cr powder according to weight percentage to obtain 50% of Cr content;
preparing an S2 blank: loading Cu powder and Cr powder into a mixer, ball-milling and mixing the powders, and mixing the total weight of the mixed powder and copper balls according to a ratio of 100: ball milling and mixing powder for 9 hours at a ball-to-material ratio of 100; then pressing the blank by adopting cold isostatic pressing, wherein the pressure of the cold isostatic pressing is controlled at 220MPa, and the pressure maintaining time of the cold isostatic pressing is controlled at 8 min; degassing and sintering the blank after the cold isostatic pressing is finished, wherein the degassing and sintering temperature is controlled at 1020 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the degassing and sintering is controlled at 150 min; obtaining a CuCr alloy blank; the ball milling and mixing of the mixed powder are carried out according to the ball-material ratio, so that uniform alloy mixed powder can be obtained, and a precondition foundation is laid for obtaining a high-density and uniform CuCr alloy blank by carrying out cold isostatic pressing subsequently; the obtained CuCr alloy blank has high density, uniform and consistent density, excellent performance and short production period, and simultaneously the CuCr alloy blank has low gas content, relatively low porosity and higher sintering density;
s3 plasma melting and vacuum induction melting:
1) after the CuCr alloy blank is loaded into a furnace body, vacuumizing is carried out, and when the vacuum is 10 degrees, vacuumizing is carried out-1Stage, filling argon to a micro positive pressure, vacuumizing, filling argon, repeatedly circulating for 4 times, washing gas, selecting argon as a gas source when detecting that the oxygen content reaches 390ppm, preparing for plasma smelting, wherein the working power of the plasma smelting is 170kW, and the working current of the plasma smelting is 300A, so that the CuCr alloy blank is quickly melted and heated to 2100 ℃, and the plasma smelting according to the parameters is favorable for quickly melting the CuCr alloy blank, thereby improving the purity of the material;
2) heating the crucible while vacuumizing in the step 1), and when the temperature of the crucible is detected to reach 1700 ℃, maintaining power to perform induction heating and stirring on the plasma melted CuCr alloy liquid dropped into the crucible;
3) after the CuCr alloy blank is completely melted by plasma, vacuumizing to 10 DEG-1Step two, degassing and impurity removal are carried out;
s4 fusion casting solidification: after degassing and impurity removal of the CuCr alloy melt, and ensuring that the overheating temperature of the CuCr alloy melt is 120 ℃, pouring the CuCr alloy melt into a water-cooling copper mold for casting, wherein the casting speed of the CuCr alloy melt is 15 kg/min; and after the casting is finished, a dead head is removed through a machining process to obtain a CuCr alloy finished product, the CuCr alloy melt is subjected to overheating treatment at the overheating temperature, the condition of insufficient casting can be avoided, the problems of increase of casting air holes and stress increase are avoided, and the CuCr alloy melt is cast at the casting speed, so that the condition of insufficient casting or cold shut caused by too-low casting speed or too-high casting speed is avoided.
Example 2
The embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that the ratio of the Cu powder to the Cr powder in step S1 is different, specifically: s1, batching: the Cu powder and the Cr powder are prepared into the material with the Cr content accounting for 1 percent according to the weight percentage.
Example 3
The embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that the ratio of the Cu powder to the Cr powder in step S1 is different, specifically: s1, batching: the Cu powder and the Cr powder are prepared into the Cr content of 80 percent according to the weight percentage.
Example 4
The present embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that the ball milling and powder mixing time period in step S2 is different, specifically: mixing the total weight of the mixed powder and copper balls according to a ratio of 100: ball milling and mixing powder for 3h at a ball-to-material ratio of 100.
Example 5
The present embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that the ball milling and powder mixing time period in step S2 is different, specifically: mixing the total weight of the mixed powder and copper balls according to a ratio of 100: ball milling and mixing powder for 10h at a ball-to-material ratio of 100.
Example 6
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that the parameters of the cold isostatic pressing in step S2 are different, specifically: the pressure of the cold isostatic pressing is 150MPa, and the pressure maintaining time of the cold isostatic pressing is 3 min.
Example 7
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that the parameters of the cold isostatic pressing in step S2 are different, specifically: the pressure of the cold isostatic pressing is 250MPa, and the pressure maintaining time of the cold isostatic pressing is 10 min.
Example 8
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the parameters of degassing and sintering in step S2 are different, specifically: the degassing and sintering temperature is 980 ℃, and the degassing and sintering heat preservation time is 90 min.
Example 9
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the parameters of degassing and sintering in step S2 are different, specifically: the degassing and sintering temperature is 1050 ℃, and the degassing and sintering heat preservation time is 180 min.
Example 10
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that the number of times of scrubbing in step S3 is different, specifically: when the vacuum is pumped to 10-1And step three, filling argon to micro positive pressure, then vacuumizing and filling argon to repeatedly circulate for 3 times to carry out gas washing.
Example 11
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that the number of times of scrubbing in step S3 is different, specifically: when the vacuum is pumped to 10-1And step two, filling argon to micro positive pressure, then vacuumizing and filling argon to repeatedly circulate for 5 times to carry out gas washing.
Example 12
The present embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, and is different from embodiment 1 in that parameters of the plasma melting in step S3 are different, specifically: the working power of the plasma smelting is 100kW, and the working current of the plasma smelting is 100A, so that the CuCr alloy blank is rapidly melted and heated to 2050 ℃.
Example 13
The present embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, and is different from embodiment 1 in that parameters of the plasma melting in step S3 are different, specifically: the working power of the plasma smelting is 200kW, and the working current of the plasma smelting is 450A, so that the CuCr alloy blank is rapidly melted and heated to reach 2150 ℃.
Example 14
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the casting speed in step S4 is different, specifically: the casting speed of the CuCr alloy melt is 10 kg/min.
Example 15
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the casting speed in step S4 is different, specifically: the casting speed of the CuCr alloy melt is 18 kg/min.
Example 16
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that in step S4, the CuCr alloy melt was cast at a gradient speed of three stages, wherein the first-stage casting speed was 12kg/min, the second-stage casting speed was 16kg/min, the third-stage casting speed was 14kg/min, and the volume ratio of the first-stage casting amount, the second-stage casting amount, and the third-stage casting amount was 3: 3: 4; by adopting the staged gradient variable-speed casting, slag inclusion in the casting process is effectively avoided from being brought into the casting mold, slag removal is facilitated, cavity gas is eliminated, the shrinkage stress of a casting piece is reduced, and crack defects are prevented.
Example 17
This example is substantially the same as example 16, except that the gradient speed casting parameters of the three stages are different, specifically: the first-stage casting speed is 10kg/min, the second-stage casting speed is 14kg/min, the third-stage casting speed is 12kg/min, and the volume ratio of the first-stage casting amount, the second-stage casting amount and the third-stage casting amount is 3: 3: 4.
example 18
This example is substantially the same as example 16, except that the gradient speed casting parameters of the three stages are different, specifically: the first-stage casting speed was 14kg/min, the second-stage casting speed was 18kg/min, the third-stage casting speed was 16kg/min, and the volume ratio of the first-stage casting amount, the second-stage casting amount, and the third-stage casting amount was 3: 3: 4.
example 19
This example is substantially the same as example 16 except that a pulse current having a current density of 350A/mm was applied to the water-cooled copper mold2And the current frequency of the pulse current is positively correlated with the casting speed, and the following formula (1) is satisfied:
wherein f represents the current frequency of the pulse current, J represents the current density of the pulse current, and V represents the casting speed of the CuCr alloy melt; by applying the pulse current within the parameter range to the water-cooled copper mold, the shrinkage stress of the cast CuCr alloy casting piece is further reduced, the defects such as cracks are prevented, and the floating of slag inclusion in the casting process can be promoted, so that the mechanical property of the CuCr alloy finished product is improved;
the current frequency f corresponds to the casting speed at each stage, and therefore, the current frequency f is rounded as: the first stage 205Hz, the second stage 365Hz and the third stage 280 Hz.
Example 20
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 19, and differs therefrom in that parameters of the applied pulse current are different, specifically: the current density of the pulse current is 200A/mm2And the current frequency of the pulse current is positively correlated with the casting speed, and the following formula (1) is satisfied:
wherein f represents the current frequency of the pulse current, J represents the current density of the pulse current, and V represents the casting speed of the CuCr alloy melt;
the current frequency f corresponds to the casting speed at each stage, and therefore, the current frequency f is rounded as: the first stage is 360Hz, the second stage is 640Hz, and the third stage is 490 Hz.
Example 21
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 19, and differs therefrom in that parameters of the applied pulse current are different, specifically: the current density of the pulse current is 400A/mm2And the current frequency of the pulse current is positively correlated with the casting speed, and the following formula (1) is satisfied:
wherein f represents the current frequency of the pulse current, J represents the current density of the pulse current, and V represents the casting speed of the CuCr alloy melt;
the current frequency f corresponds to the casting speed at each stage, and therefore, the current frequency f is rounded as: the first stage is 180Hz, the second stage is 320Hz, and the third stage is 245 Hz.
Performance test of CuCr alloy
In order to investigate the influence of each process parameter on the mechanical properties of the prepared CuCr alloy, the mechanical properties of the CuCr alloy finished product prepared in the process steps of examples 1-21 are measured, and the density, hardness and conductivity of the CuCr alloy finished product are respectively measured, specifically as follows:
1) density: carrying out density test on each CuCr alloy finished product by using an ET-1KG density tester;
2) hardness: carrying out hardness test on each CuCr alloy finished product according to GB/T231.1-2018 Brinell hardness test of metal materials;
3) conductivity: using a metal conductivity eddy current measuring instrument FD101 to test the conductivity of each CuCr alloy finished product;
wherein: the results of the study are as follows:
study 1: the influence on the preparation of the CuCr alloy under different Cu and Cr proportions is explored
Examples 1-3 are CuCr alloy products prepared at different Cr contents, respectively, and the mechanical property measurements are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 mechanical property parameters of CuCr alloy finished products in different proportions
| Examples | Density (g/cm)3) | Hardness (HB) | Conductivity (Ms/m) |
| Example 1 | 7.97 | 117.5 | 21.7 |
| Example 2 | 8.53 | 91.4 | 35.5 |
| Example 3 | 7.41 | 147 | 13.4 |
And (4) conclusion: the results in table 1 show that the hardness of the CuCr alloy finished product gradually increases with the continuous increase of the Cr content, but the conductivity and density gradually decrease with the decrease of the Cu content, so that CuCr alloy proportions with different content ratios are selected according to actual use requirements.
Study 2: the influence of different ball milling powder mixing time lengths on the preparation of the CuCr alloy is explored
Examples 1, 4, and 5 are CuCr alloy products prepared at different ball milling and powder mixing durations, and the mechanical property measurement results are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 mechanical property parameters of CuCr alloy finished product at different ball milling powder mixing durations
| Examples | Density (g/cm)3) | Hardness (HB) | Conductivity (Ms/m) |
| Example 1 | 7.97 | 117.5 | 21.7 |
| Example 4 | 7.9 | 114.9 | 20.4 |
| Example 5 | 8.00 | 120.4 | 22.1 |
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from the results in table 2 above, the mechanical property parameters of the prepared CuCr alloy product are affected to some extent by using different powder mixing durations, where the mechanical property parameters of the CuCr alloy product prepared in example 5 are optimal, but the powder mixing duration of example 5 is longer but the mechanical property parameters of the obtained CuCr alloy product are not greatly different from those of example 1, so that the preparation process is relatively better in the powder mixing duration of example 1 in terms of economy.
Study 3: the influence of different cold isostatic pressing parameters on the preparation of the CuCr alloy is explored
Examples 1, 6 and 7 are CuCr alloy products prepared under different cold isostatic pressing parameters, and the mechanical property measurement results are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 mechanical property parameters of CuCr alloy finished product under different cold isostatic pressing parameters
| Examples | Density (g/cm)3) | Hardness (HB) | Conductivity (Ms/m) |
| Example 1 | 7.97 | 117.5 | 21.7 |
| Example 6 | 7.87 | 117 | 20.0 |
| Example 7 | 8.01 | 119 | 22.2 |
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from the results in table 3 above, different cold isostatic pressing parameters have certain influence on the mechanical property parameters of the prepared CuCr alloy finished product, wherein the mechanical property parameters of the CuCr alloy finished product prepared in example 7 are optimal, but in example 7, compared with example 1, the power consumption is higher and the time consumption is longer under the cold isostatic pressing parameters, but the mechanical property parameters of the obtained CuCr alloy finished product have a small difference, so that the preparation process under the cold isostatic pressing parameters in example 1 is relatively better in economic consideration.
Study 4: the influence of different degassing sintering parameters on the preparation of the CuCr alloy is explored
Examples 1, 8 and 9 are CuCr alloy products prepared under different degassing and sintering parameters, and the mechanical property measurement results are shown in table 4 below:
TABLE 4 mechanical Property parameters of CuCr alloy finished products under different degassing and sintering parameters
| Examples | Density (g/cm)3) | Hardness (HB) | Conductivity (Ms/m) |
| Example 1 | 7.97 | 117.5 | 21.7 |
| Example 8 | 7.94 | 117.5 | 21.3 |
| Example 9 | 7.98 | 118.2 | 21.9 |
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from the results in table 4 above, different degassing sintering parameters have certain influence on the mechanical property parameters of the prepared CuCr alloy product, where the mechanical property parameters of the CuCr alloy product prepared in example 9 are optimal, but the degassing sintering parameters of example 9 are larger in power consumption and longer in time consumption compared to example 1, but the mechanical property parameters of the obtained CuCr alloy product are not greatly different, so that the preparation process under the degassing sintering parameters of example 1 is relatively better in economical efficiency.
Study 5: the influence of different gas washing times on the preparation of the CuCr alloy is explored
Examples 1, 10 and 11 are CuCr alloy products prepared under different times of gas washing, and the results of measuring the mechanical properties are shown in table 5 below:
TABLE 5 mechanical property parameters of CuCr alloy finished product under different gas washing times
| Examples | Density (g/cm)3) | Hardness (HB) | Conductivity (Ms/m) |
| Example 1 | 7.97 | 117.5 | 21.7 |
| Example 10 | 7.95 | 117.8 | 21.5 |
| Example 11 | 7.98 | 117.5 | 21.8 |
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from the results in table 5 above, the mechanical property parameters of the prepared CuCr alloy finished product are less affected by different gas washing times, wherein the mechanical property parameters of the CuCr alloy finished products prepared in examples 11 and 1 are relatively better, but the time consumption of example 11 is longer than that of example 1, but the mechanical property parameters of the obtained CuCr alloy finished product are not greatly different, so that the preparation process is relatively better in the gas washing times of example 1 in view of economy.
Study 6: the influence of different plasma smelting parameters on the preparation of the CuCr alloy is explored
Examples 1, 12 and 13 are CuCr alloy products prepared under different plasma melting parameters, and the mechanical property measurement results are shown in table 6 below:
TABLE 6 mechanical Properties of CuCr alloy products under different plasma melting parameters
| Examples | Density (g/cm)3) | Hardness (HB) | Conductivity (Ms/m) |
| Example 1 | 7.97 | 117.5 | 21.7 |
| Example 12 | 7.79 | 96.0 | 19.1 |
| Example 13 | 8.00 | 118.8 | 22.0 |
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from the results of table 6 above, different plasma melting parameters have a certain influence on the mechanical properties of the prepared CuCr alloy finished product, where the mechanical properties of the CuCr alloy finished product prepared in example 13 are relatively optimal, but the power consumption of example 13 is larger but the mechanical properties of the obtained CuCr alloy finished product are not greatly different from those of example 1, so that the preparation process under the plasma melting parameters of example 1 is relatively better in view of economy.
Study 7: the influence of different casting speeds on the preparation of the CuCr alloy is explored
Examples 1, 14 and 15 are CuCr alloy products prepared at different casting speeds, and the mechanical property measurements are shown in table 7 below:
TABLE 7 mechanical Properties of CuCr alloy products at different casting speeds
| Examples | Density (g/cm)3) | Hardness (HB) | Conductivity (Ms/m) |
| Example 1 | 7.97 | 117.5 | 21.7 |
| Example 14 | 7.78 | 114.6 | 18.9 |
| Example 15 | 7.85 | 116.9 | 20.9 |
And (4) conclusion: it can be seen from the results of table 7 that the mechanical property parameters of the prepared CuCr alloy finished product are affected to a certain extent by adopting different casting speeds, wherein the mechanical property parameters of the CuCr alloy finished product prepared in example 1 are relatively better.
Study 8: the influence of different casting modes on the preparation of the CuCr alloy is explored
Examples 1 and 16 are CuCr alloy products prepared by different casting methods, and the mechanical property measurement results are shown in table 8 below:
TABLE 8 mechanical Property parameters of CuCr alloy finished products in different casting modes
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from the results in table 8 above, different casting methods have certain influence on the mechanical properties of the CuCr alloy product, wherein the mechanical property parameters of the CuCr alloy product prepared in example 16 are relatively optimal.
Study 9: the influence of different gradient variable-speed casting parameters on the preparation of the CuCr alloy is explored
Examples 16-18 are CuCr alloy products prepared under different gradient and variable casting parameters, respectively, and the mechanical property measurements are shown in table 9 below:
TABLE 9 mechanical Property parameters of CuCr alloy finished products under different gradient variable-speed casting parameters
| Examples | Density (g/cm)3) | Hardness (HB) | Conductivity (Ms/m) |
| Example 16 | 8.00 | 119.6 | 22.2 |
| Example 17 | 7.95 | 119.3 | 21.8 |
| Example 18 | 7.98 | 119.9 | 21.9 |
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from the results in table 9 above, the mechanical properties of the CuCr alloy product prepared by using different variable-speed casting parameters have a certain effect, wherein the mechanical properties of the CuCr alloy product prepared in example 16 are relatively optimal.
Study 10: investigating the influence of pulse current on the preparation of CuCr alloy
Examples 16 and 19 are CuCr alloy products prepared without and with a pulse current applied, respectively, and the mechanical properties of the products are measured as shown in table 10 below:
TABLE 10 mechanical Property parameters of CuCr alloy finished products with and without pulse Current application
| Examples | Density (g/cm)3) | Hardness (HB) | Conductivity (Ms/m) |
| Example 16 | 8.00 | 119.6 | 22.2 |
| Example 19 | 8.02 | 120.4 | 22.9 |
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from the results of table 10 above, the application and non-application of pulse current has a certain effect on the mechanical properties of the CuCr alloy product prepared in example 19, wherein the mechanical property parameters of the CuCr alloy product prepared in example 19 are relatively optimal.
Study 11: the influence of different pulse current parameters on the preparation of the CuCr alloy is explored
Examples 19-21 are CuCr alloy products prepared under different pulse current parameters, and the mechanical property measurements are shown in table 11 below:
TABLE 11 mechanical Property parameters of CuCr alloy finished products under different pulse Current parameters
| Examples | Density (g/cm)3) | Hardness (HB) | Conductivity (Ms/m) |
| Example 19 | 8.02 | 120.4 | 22.9 |
| Example 20 | 7.99 | 120.2 | 22.7 |
| Example 21 | 7.97 | 119.8 | 22.5 |
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from the results in table 11 above, the use of different pulse current parameters has a certain effect on the mechanical properties of the CuCr alloy product prepared in example 19, wherein the mechanical properties of the CuCr alloy product prepared in example 19 are relatively optimal.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing CuCr alloy by utilizing Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, batching: preparing Cu powder and Cr powder according to the weight percentage to obtain the Cr content of 1-80%;
preparing an S2 blank: loading Cu powder and Cr powder into a mixer, ball-milling the mixed powder, then pressing the mixed powder into a blank by adopting isostatic cool pressing, and degassing and sintering the blank after the isostatic cool pressing is finished to obtain a CuCr alloy blank;
s3 plasma melting and vacuum induction melting:
1) after the CuCr alloy blank is loaded into a furnace body, vacuumizing is carried out, and when the vacuum is 10 degrees, vacuumizing is carried out-1Stage, filling argon to micro positive pressure, then vacuumizing and filling argon to repeatedly circulate for 3-5 times to carry out gas washing, when detecting that the oxygen content is less than 400ppm, selecting argon as a gas source to prepare for plasma smelting,
2) heating the crucible while vacuumizing in the step 1), keeping power to perform induction heating and stirring on the plasma melted CuCr alloy liquid dropped into the crucible when the temperature of the crucible is detected to be more than 1600 ℃,
3) after the CuCr alloy blank is completely melted by plasma, vacuumizing to 10 DEG-1Step two, degassing and impurity removal are carried out;
s4 fusion casting solidification: and after degassing and impurity removal are carried out on the CuCr alloy melt, the CuCr alloy melt is ensured to have certain overheating temperature and then is injected into a mold for casting, and after the casting is finished, a riser is removed through a machining process, so that a finished CuCr alloy product is obtained.
2. The method for preparing the CuCr alloy by using the Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total weight of the mixed powder and the copper balls in step S2 is calculated according to a ratio of 100: ball milling and mixing powder for 3-10 h at a ball-to-material ratio of 100.
3. The method for preparing the CuCr alloy by utilizing the Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parameters of the cold isostatic pressing in the step S2 are as follows: the pressure of the cold isostatic pressing is controlled to be 150-250MPa, and the pressure maintaining time of the cold isostatic pressing is controlled to be 3-10 min.
4. The method for preparing the CuCr alloy by utilizing the Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the degassing and sintering parameters in the step S2 are as follows: the temperature of degassing and sintering is controlled to be 980-1050 ℃, and the heat preservation time of degassing and sintering is controlled to be 90-180 min.
5. The method for preparing the CuCr alloy by utilizing the Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parameters of the plasma melting in the step S3 are as follows: the working power of the plasma smelting is 100 plus 200kW, and the working current of the plasma smelting is 100 plus 450A, so that the CuCr alloy blank is rapidly melted and heated to above 2000 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the CuCr alloy by utilizing the Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the overheating temperature in the step S4 is 120 +/-5 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the CuCr alloy by utilizing the Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ball milling and powder mixing time in the step S2 is 3-10 h.
8. The method for preparing the CuCr alloy by utilizing the Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting as claimed in claim 1, wherein a water-cooled copper mold is adopted as a mold for casting in the step S4, and the casting speed of the CuCr alloy melt is 10-18 kg/min.
9. The method for preparing CuCr alloy by Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting according to claim 8, wherein in step S4, the CuCr alloy melt is cast in three stages with gradient speed change, wherein the first stage casting speed is 10-14 kg/min, the second stage casting speed is 14-18 kg/min, the third stage casting speed is 12-16 kg/min, and the volume ratio of the first stage casting amount, the second stage casting amount and the third stage casting amount is 3: 3: 4.
10. the method for preparing the CuCr alloy by utilizing the Cr powder plasma-assisted vacuum induction melting as claimed in claim 8, wherein a pulse current is applied to the water-cooled copper mold, wherein the current density of the pulse current is 200-400A/mm2And the current frequency of the pulse current is positively correlated with the casting speed, and the following formula (1) is satisfied:
wherein f represents the current frequency of the pulse current, J represents the current density of the pulse current, and V represents the casting speed of the CuCr alloy melt.
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