CN113336743A - 一种具有“主动”与“被动”双重靶向的化合物及其药物组合物和应用 - Google Patents
一种具有“主动”与“被动”双重靶向的化合物及其药物组合物和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于化学制药领域,提供了具有式(Ⅰ)、式(Ⅱ)或式(Ⅲ)所示结构或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物在水溶液中自组装形成的微纳结构,以及其药物组合物及其在制备用于双靶向光治疗药物、制备诊断和/或治疗癌症的药物中的应用。该类化合物在水中能够自组装成微纳结构,可以同时实现靶向基团与癌细胞表面受体特异性结合的“主动”靶向和EPR效应的“被动靶向”,使光热剂更多的富集于肿瘤内,在激光照射下光热剂发光的同时发热,温度升高进而杀死肿瘤细胞达到治愈效果;具有高光热转换效率、优异的光热稳定性和易降解安全性高的优势,可应用于增强体内癌症光热治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学制药领域,涉及一类含有不同“主动”与“被动”双重靶向的超分子光热剂化合物,在水中可以进行超分子组装形成纳米粒子,尤其涉及一种具有“主动”与“被动”双重靶向的化合物及其药物组合物和应用。
背景技术
随着癌症的发病率逐年上升,对人们的生命健康有重大威胁,研究者们不断开创新的治疗手段,激光光热治疗逐渐走进人们的视野。光热疗法(PTT)用一束近红外光辐射肿瘤组织,荧光光热剂发光的同时会发热,升温可杀死癌细胞达到治疗效果;其对肿瘤的高度特异性、对周围正常组织的微创性以及时空选择性而受到了广泛的关注。
利用肿瘤部位的高通透性和滞留性(EPR)效应的“被动”靶向的纳米结构的PTA是靶向肿瘤的最广泛探索的策略。然而根据分析研究,即使在高度EPR异种移植的肿瘤中,这些纳米材料的累积也只有不到1%。另外,被动靶向的纳米结构PTA的治疗效果可能会受到不同肿瘤内EPR效应异质性的影响。
相比之下,“主动靶向”是利用靶向基团与癌细胞表面受体特异性结合,将PTA定向运送到靶区浓集发挥药效,可增加肿瘤细胞对PTA的吸收,也许是改变治疗EPR无效的转移性病变的方法。将“主动”与“被动”靶向结合到一起,构筑双重靶向的PTA,使其具有很高的精确定位能力,具有增强PTT的效果。例如,有的研究者将双重靶向的PTA封装在基于聚乙二醇(PEG)聚合物配方中,提高了它们的溶解度,并赋予其基于EPR的被动靶向能力。但是,PEG外壳的“隐身”特性可能会屏蔽内部的主动靶向基团,从而降低PTA的主动靶向能力。为了避免这种情况,主动靶向基团可以设定在纳米结构材料的表面上。但是,设计主动靶向的方法比被动靶向要复杂得多,这使药物开发和在GMP生产下的规模扩大化变得复杂。繁琐的质量控制步骤和高昂的成本也使其成为一大挑战。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中存在的上述问题,构筑超分子光热剂,并提出了一种具有“主动”与“被动”双重靶向的化合物及其药物组合物和应用,该类化合物在水中能够自组装成微纳结构,可以同时实现靶向基团与癌细胞表面受体特异性结合的“主动”靶向和EPR效应的“被动靶向”,使光热剂更多的富集于肿瘤内,在激光照射下光热剂发光的同时发热,温度升高进而杀死肿瘤细胞达到治愈效果;具有高光热转换效率、优异的光热稳定性和易降解安全性高的优势,可应用于增强体内癌症光热治疗。另外,本发明提供的超分子光热剂是基于有机小分子的分子构筑基元,结构高度受控、组装结构稳定,在研究双重靶向PTA增强肿瘤光热治疗中具有重要意义。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种具有“主动”与“被动”双重靶向的化合物,所述化合物具有式(Ⅲ)所示结构或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物在水溶液中自组装形成的微纳结构:
或,具有式(Ⅰ)所示结构或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物在水溶液中自组装形成的微纳结构:
或,具有式(Ⅱ)所示结构或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物在水溶液中自组装形成的微纳结构:
上述式(Ⅰ)、式(Ⅱ)、式(Ⅲ)中:A为主动靶向基团,包括表皮生长因子、唾液酸糖蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、转铁蛋白、叶酸、胰岛素样生长因子、血管内皮生长因子、白介素、生物素、吲哚美辛、三苯氧胺、透明质酸、精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸、甘露糖、半乳糖、生长激素释放抑制激素、尿激素、肿瘤坏死因子;
所述式(Ⅲ)中:
X2选自于O、S或-CR20R20’-;
Y3、Y4、Y5各自独立地选自于H、羟基、卤素原子、取代或者非取代的氨基和烃氧基;
t1、t2、t3各自独立地选自0~5的整数;
R16和R17共同形成如下之一的连接:或者R16、R17和X2共同形成如下连接其中,Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rg各自独立地选自于H、卤素、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的羧基、取代或非取代的羟基和取代或非取代的氨基;
R18、R18’、R19、R20和R20’各自独立地选自于H、卤素原子、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的环烃基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的杂芳基、取代或非取代的杂环基、取代或者非取代的醇基、取代或者非取代的醚基、取代或者非取代的醛基、取代或者非取代的羧基、取代或者非取代的酰胺基、取代或者非取代的酯基和取代或者非取代的氨基;
所述式(Ⅰ)中:
B为取代或非取代的杂环,所述杂环不带电荷且包含N、O和S中的一个或多个杂原子;
L为取代或非取代的共轭碳链,所述共轭碳链中包含2~5个双键;
X1为O、N或-CR4R4’-;
n为0或1;
R1、R1’、R2各自独立地选自于具有吸电子能力的原子和基团;
R3和R3’、R4和R4’分别各自独立地选自于H、卤素原子、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的环烃基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的杂芳基、取代或非取代的杂环基、取代或者非取代的醇基、取代或者非取代的醚基、取代或者非取代的醛基、取代或者非取代的羧基、取代或者非取代的酰氨基、取代或者非取代的酯基和取代或者非取代的氨基;
所述式(Ⅱ)中:
所述q、q’各自独立地选自0~12的整数;
上述式(Ⅰ)、式(Ⅱ)、式(Ⅲ)中,当所述基团为取代的时,取代基为单取代或多取代。
进一步的,式(Ⅲ)中,所述t1和t2均为1,t3为0;所述m为3;
所述R18、R18’、R19各自独立地选自于H,-(CH2)qCH3、-(CH2)qCF3、-(CH2)qCHCH2、-(CH2)qCCH、-(CH2)qOH、-(CH2)qCOOH、-(CH2)qNH2、-(CH2)qCHO、-(CH2)qCO(CH2)q’CH3、-(CH2)qO(CH2)r’CH3、 其中q、q’各自独立地选自0-12的整数;优选的,所述R19为-CH2CH3;
所述Y3和Y5均为H;
Y4为Cl、Br或-NR21R21’-,其中,R21、R21’各自独立地选自于H、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的环烃基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的杂芳基、取代或非取代的杂环基、取代或者非取代的醇基、取代或者非取代的醚基、取代或者非取代的醛基、取代或者非取代的羧基、取代或者非取代的酰胺基、取代或者非取代的酯基和取代或者非取代的氨基;L1为酯基取代或非取代的碳链。
进一步的,式(Ⅰ)中,所述共轭碳链中双键的个数为2、3、4或5个;X1为O;n为0;所述R1、R1’、R2各自独立地选自于-CN、-CF3、-F、-SO2CF3、-NO2、-COOEt、-SO2ph、所述R3、R3’各自独立地选自于H,-(CH2)qCH3、-(CH2)qCF3、-(CH2)qCH=CH2、-(CH2)qC≡CH、-(CH2)qOH、-(CH2)qCOOH、-(CH2)qNH2、-(CH2)qCHO、-(CH2)qCO(CH2)q’CH3、-(CH2)qO(CH2)q’CH3、 其中,q、q’各自独立地选自0~12的整数。
式(Ⅰ)中,具体的,L可为其中,Y1为卤素原子、取代或非取代的氨基或烃氧基;m为0-5的整数,优选地,m为3;R7各自独立地选自于H、卤素原子、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的环烃基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的杂芳基、取代或非取代的杂环基、取代或者非取代的醇基、取代或者非取代的醚基、取代或者非取代的醛基、取代或者非取代的羧基、取代或者非取代的酰氨基、取代或者非取代的酯基和取代或者非取代的氨基。特别优选的,m为3,Y1为Cl、Br、-NR8R8’或-OR8;并且,R7为H、-CH3、R8和R8’各自独立地选自于H、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的环烃基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的杂芳基、取代或非取代的杂环基、取代或者非取代的醇基、取代或者非取代的醚基、取代或者非取代的醛基、取代或者非取代的羧基、取代或者非取代的酰氨基、取代或者非取代的酯基和取代或者非取代的氨基。
由式(I)化合物在水溶液中自组装形成的所述微纳结构具有“主动”与“被动”双重靶向的优势,同时还具有高光热转换效率、优异的光热稳定性和易降解安全性高的优势。
优选的,B选自于取代或者非取代的吡咯或氢化吡咯环、取代或者非取代的呋喃或氢化呋喃环、取代或者非取代的噻吩或氢化噻吩环、取代或者非取代的吡唑或氢化吡唑环、取代或者非取代的咪唑或氢化咪唑环、取代或者非取代的噁唑或氢化噁唑环、取代或者非取代的异噁唑或氢化异噁唑环、取代或者非取代的噻唑或氢化噻唑环、取代或者非取代的吲哚或氢化吲哚环、取代或者非取代的苯并呋喃或氢化苯并呋喃环、取代或者非取代的苯并咪唑或氢化苯并咪唑环、取代或者非取代的咔唑或氢化咔唑环、取代或者非取代的吡啶或氢化吡啶环、取代或者非取代的吡喃或氢化吡喃环、取代或者非取代的噻喃或氢化噻喃环、取代或者非取代的苯并吡唑或氢化苯并吡唑环、取代或者非取代的哒嗪或氢化哒嗪环、取代或者非取代的嘧啶嗪或氢化嘧啶环、取代或者非取代的吡嗪或氢化吡嗪环、取代或者非取代的哌啶环、取代或者非取代的吗啉环、取代或者非取代的硫代吗啉环和取代或者非取代的三唑环;
更优的,所述B为 其中,R5、R6、R6’各自独立地选自于H、卤素原子、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的环烃基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的杂芳基、取代或非取代的杂环基、取代或者非取代的醇基、取代或者非取代的醚基、取代或者非取代的醛基、取代或者非取代的羧基、取代或者非取代的酰氨基、取代或者非取代的酯基和取代或者非取代的氨基。
进一步的,式(Ⅱ)中,R10为-CH2-、-(CH2)2-、-(CH2)3-或-(CH2)4-,优选的,R10为-(CH2)3-。
化合物Ⅱ的微纳结构由化合物Ⅱ(包括表格1中的化合物Ⅱ-1至化合物Ⅱ-50)在水溶液中自组装形成。所述微纳结构的粒径为1nm~500nm,优选的,为10nm~200nm,更优选的,为30nm~150nm。
由于肿瘤(特别是实体瘤)组织的血管丰富,并缺失淋巴回流系统,会造成本发明所述的微纳结构在肿瘤位置被动高渗透性和滞留性,这种微纳结构在实体瘤组织的高通透效应和滞留效应被称为EPR效应。这种被动靶向肿瘤的能力,使这类可以以超分子组装形成微纳结构的小分子化合物,相对于其他报道的小分子光热转换试剂,具有明显的优势。
进一步的,所述化合物为化合物Ⅱ-1、Ⅱ-2、Ⅱ-3、Ⅱ-4、Ⅱ-5、Ⅱ-6、Ⅱ-7、Ⅱ-8、Ⅱ-9、Ⅱ-10、Ⅱ-11、Ⅱ-12、Ⅱ-13、Ⅱ-14、Ⅱ-15、Ⅱ-16、Ⅱ-17、Ⅱ-18、Ⅱ-19、Ⅱ-20、Ⅱ-21、Ⅱ-22、Ⅱ-23、Ⅱ-24、Ⅱ-25、Ⅱ-26、Ⅱ-27、Ⅱ-28、Ⅱ-29、Ⅱ-30、Ⅱ-31、Ⅱ-32、Ⅱ-33、Ⅱ-34、Ⅱ-35、Ⅱ-36、Ⅱ-37、Ⅱ-38、Ⅱ-39、Ⅱ-40、Ⅱ-41、Ⅱ-42、Ⅱ-43、Ⅱ-44、Ⅱ-45、Ⅱ-46、Ⅱ-47、Ⅱ-48、Ⅱ-49或Ⅱ-50。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,包括:
1)治疗有效剂量的具有式(I)、式(Ⅱ)或式(Ⅲ)所示结构化合物或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物,和
2)药学上可接受的载体。
优选地,所述药学上可接受的载体包括稀释剂、崩解剂、赋形剂、粘合剂、稳定剂或其组合。
本发明所提供化合物在制备用于双靶向光治疗药物、制备诊断和/或治疗癌症的药物中的应用。所述双靶向光治疗药物为光热治疗药物或光声治疗药物。
所述癌症包括食道癌、非小细胞肺癌、胆道癌、头颈癌、巴雷特食管炎、膀胱癌、结肠直肠癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、脑肿瘤、乳腺癌或皮肤癌,所述皮肤癌包括黑色素瘤。
本发明所述的微纳结构是由具有式(I)、式(Ⅱ)或式(Ⅲ)所示结构的化合物、其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物在水溶液中自组装形成的纳米碟结构。
本发明还提供了所述微纳结构的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将具有式(I)、式(Ⅱ)或式(Ⅲ)所示结构的化合物、其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物利用有机溶剂溶解;
所选用的有机溶剂为烷烃、烯烃、芳烃、醇、酮、醛、羧酸、酯或醚中的一种或者多种的混合;具体的,有机溶剂为二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、丁二醇或聚乙二醇、丙酮、二氯甲烷或乙腈中的一种或者多种的混合;优选为乙醇。
2)将溶解得到的溶液加入水中,得到化合物的终浓度为1nM-1M的化合物溶液;
终浓度优选为100nM~500μM;最优选为0.46μM~300μM。
3)化合物在水溶液中自组装形成微纳结构。
上述制备方法简单、便捷,适宜规模化生产。
本发明还提供了微纳结构的药物组合物,包括:治疗有效剂量的所述微纳结构,和药学上可接受的载体。优选的,所述药学上可接受的载体包括稀释剂、崩解剂、赋形剂、粘合剂、稳定剂或其组合。
本发明所提供的药物组合物可以制成注射剂,注射剂包含治疗有效剂量的微纳结构和注射溶剂或附加剂或其组合;其中,注射溶剂为注射用水、乙醇、丙二醇、甘油、聚乙二醇中的一种、两种或两种以上的混合溶剂。优选的,所述药物组合物可以制为注射液。
本发明的微纳结构为纳米碟结构,其药物组合物还包括包封在微纳结构中的活性剂,活性剂为治疗剂或诊断剂,优选为化疗剂或放疗剂,包括小分子化疗药物、靶向治疗药物、化疗药物、抗体药物等。进一步的,微纳结构还包括靶向分子,优选抗体、肽、适体或叶酸等。
另一方面,本发明还提供微纳结构或其药物组合物在制备光治疗药物中的用途,以及作为光敏剂的用途。所述光敏剂用于制备光治疗药物。所述光治疗药物为光热治疗药物或光声治疗药物。
本发明还提供了微纳结构或其药物组合物在制备诊断和/或治疗癌症的药物中的用途。所述癌症包括食道癌、非小细胞肺癌、胆道癌、头颈癌、巴雷特食管炎、膀胱癌、结肠直肠癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、脑肿瘤、乳腺癌或皮肤癌,所述皮肤癌包括黑色素瘤。
本发明还提供了一种在受试者的靶区域进行光治疗的方法,包括:
1)提供所述的微纳结构;
2)将所述微纳结构给予受试者;
3)等待所述微纳结构在靶区域富集;
3)使用所述微纳结构激发波段的光辐照受试者的靶区域,优选地,采用808nm的光波照射。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明所提供的化合物,在水溶液中可以自组装形成微纳结构,可以同时实现靶向基团与癌细胞表面受体特异性结合的“主动”靶向和EPR效应的“被动”靶向,使光热剂更多的富集于肿瘤内,靶向肿瘤效果优异,进而具有高光热转换效率、光热稳定性好、光热效应好、易降解、安全性高的优势,在癌症诊断和治疗方面具有广阔前景。
(2)本发明所提供的式(Ⅰ)、式(Ⅱ)或式(Ⅲ)所示的化合物具有制备双靶向光治疗药物,以及制备诊断和治疗癌症药物的用途,其靶向效果好、治疗效果好、创伤小,具备极大的市场价值和广阔的经济前景。
(3)本发明引入主动靶向基团之后,整体的有机小分子仍然可以通过超分子组装构建微纳结构,微纳结构可通过EPR效应被动靶向肿瘤,同时引入的主动靶向基团可通过与肿瘤细胞表面特异性受体结合实现主动靶向,进而实现“双重靶向”;本发明所构建的这种双重靶向材料,可以克服单一主动靶向材料的缺点,同时实现靶向基团与肿瘤细胞表面受体特异性结合的“主动”靶向和EPR效应的“被动靶向”,使光热剂更多的富集于肿瘤内,以提高光热治疗疗效。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供的化合物Ⅱ-1的合成路线图;
图2为化合物Ⅱ-1在不同极性溶剂中的紫外吸收光谱图;
图3为化合物Ⅱ-1在不同极性溶剂中的荧光发射光谱图;
图4为本发明提供的化合物在水溶液中的粒径测试结果,显示该化合物与主动靶向基团化学键接后整个分子能自组装成微纳结构;
图5为化合物Ⅱ-1在水溶液中自组装形成的纳米碟的透射电镜图;
图6为化合物Ⅱ-1在水溶液中自组装形成的纳米碟的原子力显微镜图;
图7为不同浓度的化合物Ⅱ-1在808nm激光照射下的温度变化图;
图8为化合物Ⅱ-1的光热稳定性图;
图9为化合物Ⅱ-1组装成的纳米碟被细胞吞噬的显微成像图;
图10为化合物Ⅱ-1组装成的纳米碟通过“主动”和“被动”双重靶向HeLa细胞的荧光成像图;
图11为化合物Ⅱ-1组装成的纳米碟通过“主动”和“被动”双重靶向HeLa细胞的荧光强度变化图;
图12为化合物Ⅱ-1组装成的纳米碟对HeLa细胞暗毒性和光毒性的荧光成像图;
图13为化合物Ⅱ-1组装成的纳米碟经静脉注射进入双肿瘤小鼠后,不同时间点的小鼠全身的光声成像图;
图14为化合物Ⅱ-1组装成的纳米碟经静脉注射进入双肿瘤小鼠后,不同时间点左右两个肿瘤部位的光声强度变化图;
图15为化合物Ⅱ-1小鼠体内光热治疗中的光热成像;
图16为荷瘤小鼠静脉注射化合物Ⅱ-1组装成的纳米碟并给予光热治疗后的肿瘤体积变化情况;
图17为荷瘤小鼠静脉注射化合物Ⅱ-1组装成的纳米碟并给予光热治疗后的小鼠体重变化情况;
图18为荷瘤小鼠静脉注射化合物Ⅱ-1组装成的纳米碟并给予光热治疗后不同时间的小鼠图片;
图19为荷瘤小鼠静脉注射化合物Ⅱ-1组装成的纳米碟并给予光热治疗22天后,小鼠的心、肝、脾、肺、肾的切片H&E染色图片;
图20为小鼠静脉注射化合物Ⅱ-1组装成的纳米碟24h后,小鼠的肝功能及血常规情况。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了进一步理解本发明,将结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
本发明提供了化合物的某些具体实例,包括下述表1中所示的化合物Ⅱ-1到Ⅱ-50:
表1化合物Ⅱ-1~Ⅱ-50的结构式
上述化合物可通过以下反应通式进行合成:
主要的合成步骤包括:
(1)分别提供化合物a、b、c、d;
化合物a的合成:
将化合物1’和化合物2’和乙醇镁溶于乙醇中,60℃反应24小时。真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体经柱层析纯化的目标化合物a。
化合物b的合成:
将二氯甲烷和化合物4’冰浴下加入瓶中搅拌,恒压加入化合物5’搅拌,再加入化合物3’,80℃反应3小时;反应完全后将产物倒入碎冰中淬灭反应,在冰箱放置过夜。真空下蒸去溶剂得到粗产物化合物b,不进行提纯直接用于下一步反应。
化合物c的合成:
化合物6’和化合物7’加入到乙腈中。加热到110℃回流反应24小时。真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体用乙醚洗涤3次得到化合物c。
化合物d直接购买。
(2)将化合物a和化合物b溶于乙醇中,加热回流,然后加入化合物c,加热回流,真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体经柱层析纯化,得到的产物再与化合物d溶于二氯甲烷中,加入EDCHCl和DMAP,室温过夜反应后,用饱和氯化铵水溶液和饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤3次,除水后所得固体经柱层析纯化,得到产物化合物Ⅱ。
实施例1化合物Ⅱ-1的合成及其荧光性质
如图1所示,化合物Ⅱ-1的合成包括以下步骤:
1)化合物1的合成:称取3g的化合物6和3.36g的溴己酸加入到15mL甲苯中,加热到110℃回流反应18小时,真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体用乙醚洗涤3次得到化合物1。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm):8.39(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.23(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.79(t,1H),7.73(t,1H),4.58(t,2H),2.95(s,3H),2.24(t,2H),1.90(m,2H),1.76(s,6H),1.58(m,2H),1.46(m,2H)。
2)化合物2的合成:称取0.97g的丙二腈和0.62g的乙醇镁加到10mL的乙醇中,再加0.5mL的3-羟基-3-甲基丁烷-2-酮,加热到60℃反应12小时,真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体经柱层析纯化的目标化合物2。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):2.36(s,3H),1.63(s,6H)。
3)化合物3的合成:将20mL二氯甲烷和20mLDMF冰浴下加入瓶中搅拌,恒压加入17.5mL三氯氧磷搅拌,再加入5.3mL的环己酮,加热到80℃反应3小时,反应完全后将产物倒入碎冰中淬灭反应,在冰箱放置过夜,真空下蒸去溶剂得到粗产物化合物3,不进行提纯直接用于下一步反应。
4)化合物4的合成:将1.00g的化合物2和1.27g的化合物3加入到50mL乙醇中,加热到90℃回流反应12小时,冷却至室温后,抽滤得到粗产物化合物4,不进行提纯直接用于下一步反应。
5)化合物Cy7-TCF-COOH的合成:称取2.04g的化合物1和2.00g的化合物4溶于100mL乙醇中,加热到100℃回流10小时,真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体经柱层析纯化的目标化合物Cy7-TCF-COOH。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.21(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.10(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.89(t,2H),7.56(t,1H),7.40(t,1H),7.24(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.31(d,J=14.8Hz,1H),5.82(d,J=13.6Hz,1H),4.13(m,2H),3.97(t,2H),2.62(t,4H),2.34(t,2H),1.98(s,6H),1.93(m,2H),1.86(m,2H),1.75(s,6H),1.50(m,2H)。
6)化合物5的合成:称取2.6g的化合物11和0.54g的化合物12溶于50mL的二氯甲烷中,冰浴下滴加1.35g的EDC·HCl和0.25g的DMAP,室温反应过夜;随后加入50mL二氯甲烷,分别用100mL的饱和NH4Cl水溶液和饱和食盐水洗涤3次,用无水Na2SO4除水后,真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体经柱层析纯化的目标化合物化合物5。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):7.64(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.65(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.95(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),6.66(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.21(t,2H),3.80(s,3H),3.77(t,2H),3.68(s,2H),2.35(s,3H)。
7)化合物Ⅱ-1的合成:1g的化合物5和1.64g的化合物Cy7-TCF-COOH溶于50mL的二氯甲烷中,冰浴下滴加0.39g的EDC·HCl和0.09g的DMAP,室温反应过夜,随后加入50mL二氯甲烷,分别用100mL的饱和NH4Cl水溶液和饱和食盐水洗涤3次,用无水Na2SO4除水后,真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体经柱层析纯化的目标化合物Ⅱ-1。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.07(d,J=8.0Hz,3H),7.87(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.54(t,1H),7.45(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.37(t,1H),7.17(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.86(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.64(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),6.34(s,1H),5.72(s,1H),4.29(t,2H),4.27(t,2H),3.87(s,2H),3.80(s,3H),3.67(s,2H),2.60(s,4H),2.36(s,3H),2.24(t,2H),1.96(s,6H),1.90(s,2H),1.79(m,2H),1.75(s,6H),1.45(m,2H)。
化合物Ⅱ-1在水和乙腈中的紫外吸收光谱图及荧光发射光谱图分别如图2和图3所示,可见化合物Ⅱ-1在两种溶剂中的吸收和发射光谱显著不同,其中Ⅱ-1在水溶液中的吸收光谱更宽,发射光更少,说明化合物Ⅱ-1在水溶液和有机溶剂中的物理特性不同。
实施例2化合物Ⅱ-2至Ⅱ-15的合成
采用与实施例1类似的方法可以制备化合物Ⅱ-2至Ⅱ-15。
1、化合物Ⅱ-2的合成
以化合物13代替实施例1中的化合物3,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-2;
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.98(d,2H),7.82(d,2H),7.79(d,2H),7.56(d,2H),7.42(d,2H),7.33(d,2H),7.19(s,1H),6.88(d,3H),6.74(d,2H),6.50(d,2H),6.38(d,2H),4.98(d,1H),4.51(d,6H),3.95(s,5H),3.69(s,2H),2.77(m,1H),2.48(m,6H),2.24(s,3H),1.84(s,6H),1.48(m,4H),1.34(m,2H),1.16(s,6H)。
2、化合物Ⅱ-3的合成
同实施例1先制得化合物Cy7-TCF-COOH,Cy7-TCF-COOH与硝基咪唑衍生物在DMF溶剂中55℃搅拌24小时,真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体经柱层析纯化的目标化合物Cy7-TCF-COOH-2,同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-3。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.06(d,2H),7.89(d,2H),7.77(d,2H),7.55(d,4H),7.43(d,2H),7.30(d,2H),7.17(s,1H),6.95(d,3H),6.73(d,1H),6.51(d,2H),6.42(d,2H),4.91(d,2H),4.56(d,6H),3.85(s,4H),3.68(s,2H),2.85(s,1H),2.36(m,6H),2.28(s,3H),1.88(s,6H),1.51(m,4H),1.32(m,2H),1.15(s,6H)。
3、化合物Ⅱ-4的合成
用化合物15代替实施例1中的化合物1,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-4。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.05(d,1H),7.89(d,2H),7.80(d,2H),7.55(t,2H),7.39(t,3H),7.20(d,1H),6.95(d,1H),6.86(d,1H),6.64(d,1H),6.34(s,1H),5.72(s,1H),4.29(t,2H),4.27(t,2H),3.87(s,2H),3.80(s,3H),3.67(s,2H),2.56(s,4H),2.36(s,3H),2.24(t,2H),1.96(s,6H),1.90(s,2H),1.80(m,2H),1.72(s,6H),1.45(m,2H)。
4、化合物Ⅱ-5的合成
用化合物16代替实施例1中的化合物1,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-5。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.07(d,1H),8.01(d,2H),7.87(d,1H),7.83(d,1H),7.54(t,1H),7.39(t,2H),6.95(d,1H),6.86(d,1H),6.64(d,1H),6.54(d,1H),5.72(s,1H),4.45(t,2H),4.20(t,2H),3.87(s,2H),3.80(s,3H),3.67(s,2H),2.60(s,4H),2.36(s,3H),2.24(t,2H),1.90(s,2H),1.79(m,2H),1.65(s,6H),1.44(m,2H)。
5、化合物Ⅱ-6的合成
用化合物17和18分别代替实施例1中的化合物2和1,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-6。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.04(d,2H),7.98(d,2H),7.87(d,2H),7.73(d,2H),7.54(t,1H),7.37(t,1H),7.17(d,1H),6.95(d,1H),6.86(d,1H),6.64(d,1H),6.14(s,1H),5.78(s,1H),4.40(t,2H),4.25(t,2H),3.87(s,2H),3.80(s,3H),3.77(m,2H),3.67(s,2H),3.08(m,4H),2.60(s,4H),2.37(s,3H),2.24(t,2H),1.90(s,2H),1.79(m,2H),1.70(s,6H),1.45(m,2H)。
6、化合物Ⅱ-7的合成
用化合物17和19分别代替实施例1中的化合物2和5,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-7。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.00(d,1H),7.87(d,1H),7.70(d,1H),7.54(d,1H),7.37(d,2H),6.95(d,1H),6.86(d,1H),6.64(d,1H),6.24(s,1H),5.72(s,1H),4.29(t,2H),4.27(t,2H),3.87(s,2H),3.77(m,2H),3.67(s,2H),3.26(m,2H),3.08(m,4H),2.66(s,4H),2.36(s,3H),2.24(t,2H),1.95(s,2H),1.78(m,2H),1.65(s,6H),1.45(m,2H)。
7、化合物Ⅱ-8的合成
用化合物19代替实施例1中的化合物5,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-8。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):7.95(d,1H),7.82(d,1H),7.66(d,1H),7.50(t,1H),7.32(t,1H),7.10(d,1H),6.90(d,1H),6.75(d,1H),6.44(d,1H),6.15(s,1H),5.72(s,1H),4.29(t,2H),4.28(t,2H),3.82(s,2H),3.67(s,2H),3.26(m,2H),2.60(s,4H),2.36(s,6H),2.24(t,2H),1.90(s,2H),1.80(m,2H),1.70(s,6H),1.45(m,2H)。
8、化合物Ⅱ-9的合成
用化合物19和20分别代替实施例1中的化合物5和2,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-9。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):7.92(d,1H),7.80(d,1H),7.69(d,1H),7.55(t,1H),7.32(t,1H),7.18(d,1H),6.88(d,1H),6.75(d,1H),6.44(d,1H),6.30(s,1H),5.78(s,1H),4.45(t,2H),4.35(t,2H),3.88(s,2H),3.67(s,2H),3.26(m,2H),2.60(s,4H),2.36(s,3H),2.24(t,2H),2.10(s,2H),1.82(m,2H),1.77(s,6H),1.45(m,2H)。
9、化合物Ⅱ-10的合成
用化合物15和19分别代替实施例1中的化合物1和5,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-10。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):7.88(d,1H),7.54(d,1H),7.37(d,1H),7.27(d,1H),6.94(d,1H),6.86(d,1H),6.68(d,1H),6.34(s,1H),5.72(s,1H),4.35(t,2H),4.27(t,2H),3.87(s,2H),3.67(s,2H),3.26(m,2H),2.60(s,4H),2.36(s,3H),2.24(t,2H),2.08(s,2H),1.88(m,2H),1.74(s,6H),1.40(m,2H)。
10、化合物Ⅱ-11的合成
用化合物16和19分别代替实施例1中的化合物1和5,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-11。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):7.90(d,1H),7.74(t,1H),7.57(t,1H),7.27(d,1H),6.88(d,1H),6.76(d,1H),6.54(d,1H),6.24(s,1H),5.72(s,1H),4.56(t,2H),4.28(t,2H),3.87(s,2H),3.67(s,2H),3.26(m,2H),2.36(s,3H),2.24(t,2H),1.98(s,2H),1.79(m,6H),1.45(m,2H)。
11、化合物Ⅱ-12的合成
用化合物13、18和19分别代替实施例1中的化合物3、1和5,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-12。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):7.88(d,2H),7.74(t,1H),7.55(t,1H),7.37(t,2H),7.17(d,2H),6.95(d,2H),6.86(d,1H),6.75(d,1H),6.64(d,1H),6.34(s,1H),4.29(t,2H),4.27(t,2H),3.87(s,2H),3.67(s,2H),3.26(m,2H),2.60(s,4H),2.36(s,3H),2.24(t,2H),1.90(s,2H),1.88(s,6H),1.74(m,2H),1.45(m,2H)。
12、化合物Ⅱ-13的合成
用化合物21和22代替实施例1中的化合物1和5,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-13。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.12(d,2H),8.08(d,2H),7.98(d,2H),7.87(t,3H),7.54(t,3H),7.37(d,2H),7.25(d,2H),7.17(d,2H),6.98(d,2H),6.86(d,2H),6.54(d,1H),6.34(s,1H),4.79(t,2H),4.29(t,2H),4.27(t,2H),3.87(s,2H),3.67(s,2H),3.26(m,2H),2.60(s,4H),2.36(s,3H),2.24(t,2H),2.12(s,2H),1.98(s,6H),1.79(m,2H),1.66(t,3H),1.45(m,2H),1.38(s,6H)。
13、化合物Ⅱ-14的合成
用化合物23和22代替实施例1中的化合物1和5,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-14。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.10(d,2H),8.02(d,2H),7.90(d,2H),7.75(d,2H),7.64(t,1H),7.48(t,1H),7.37(t,2H),7.26(d,2H),7.20(d,2H),7.17(d,2H),6.95(d,2H),6.76(d,2H),6.47(d,1H),6.32(s,1H),4.88(t,2H),4.54(t,2H),4.27(t,2H),3.87(s,2H),3.67(s,2H),3.26(m,2H),2.60(s,4H),2.36(s,3H),2.21(t,2H),2.06(s,2H),1.85(s,6H),1.66(m,2H),1.59(t,3H),1.45(m,2H),1.38(s,6H)。
14、化合物Ⅱ-15的合成
用化合物24和22代替实施例1中的化合物1和5,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤1~7),制备得到化合物Ⅱ-15。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.10(d,2H),7.95(d,2H),7.82(d,2H),7.66(t,2H),7.50(t,2H),7.39(d,2H),7.25(d,2H),7.17(d,2H),6.95(d,2H),6.86(d,2H),6.38(d,1H),6.18(s,1H),4.57(t,2H),4.29(t,2H),4.07(t,2H),3.87(s,2H),3.67(s,2H),3.66(m,2H),2.80(m,4H),2.36(s,3H),2.24(t,2H),1.90(m,2H),1.79(m,2H),1.59(t,3H),1.45(m,2H),1.34(s,6H)。
实施例3微纳结构的制备方法
以化合物Ⅱ-1自组装成的微纳结构为例,将Ⅱ-1溶解于DMSO(也可以是乙醇等有机溶剂)中配制成2mM的存储液,取10μL存储液加入到2mL去离子水中,即可制备得到纳米粒子。
实施例4微纳结构的表征方法
如图4所示,用DLS测试其粒径,粒径在100nm左右。同时取10μL滴加到硅片上,在透射电镜(TEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)下进行观察拍照,可以明显的观察到形态为纳米碟的微纳结构,图5即是透射电镜拍照结果,图6即是透射电镜拍照结果。从观察结果发现,由化合物Ⅱ-1自组装成的微纳结构的粒径约30~120nm。
实施例5化合物Ⅱ-1量子产率的计算
将化合物Ⅱ-1配制成2mM的DMSO存储液,而后取10μL加入2mL的具有不同极性的溶液中(水和乙腈),利用紫外分光光度计测试紫外吸收,找出最大吸收波长。通过紫外吸收光谱图计算出Ⅱ-1在不同极性溶液中的摩尔消光系数。用最大吸收波长激发,在荧光光度分光计上测试荧光发射光谱,数据用origin作图并计算积分面积。通过所得数据计算荧光量子产率
得到化合物Ⅱ-1在不同极性的溶液中的特征参数如下:
由该上表可见,化合物Ⅱ-1在不同极性的溶液中的特征参数不同,在水中的最大吸收波长以及最大激发波长与有机溶剂明显不同,其量子产率显著降低,光热效应更强。这一现象的本质在于化合物Ⅱ-1在水溶液中自组装形成了微纳结构,由于结构性质的变化使得其物理特性和特征参数发生变化,而这种变化有利于提高光热效应和光稳定性。实际上,不仅化合物Ⅱ-1具有这样的特性,本发明的其他化合物也有类似的性质,可以在水溶液中自组装形成微纳结构。
试验例1化合物Ⅱ-1体外光热效应及光热稳定性
共4组样品分别取3mL加到比色皿中,加盖封好。
1号样品是3mL去离子水;
2号样品是10μM的Ⅱ-1,具体配置方法为3mL去离子水加15μLⅡ-1原液(2mM,溶于DMSO);
3号样品是20μM的Ⅱ-1,具体配置方法为3mL去离子水加30μLⅡ-1原液(2mM,溶于DMSO);
4号样品是40μM的Ⅱ-1,具体配置方法为3mL去离子水加60μLⅡ-1原液(2mM,溶于DMSO)。
分别用808nm激光器照射各样品5分钟,同时用热成像仪每10秒记录温度数据,将时间对应的温度在origin里作图,见图7。1号样品在5分钟内温度几乎不变,仅上升1.6℃;2号样品温度从室温30℃上升至51℃,升温21℃;3号样品温度从室温30℃上升至57.2℃,升温27.2℃;4号样品温度从室温30℃上升至61.2℃,升温31.2℃。
说明化合物Ⅱ-1有优异的光热效应。同时我们计算了化合物Ⅱ-1的光热转换效率,发现其光热转换效率是54.2%,同样说明化合物Ⅱ-1具有极其优异的光热效应。
选取4号样品测试了光热稳定性实验。如图8所示,4号样品在808nm激光器照射10分钟后从室温30℃升至61.2℃,然后使其自然降温至室温,再次用808nm激光器照射10分钟,然后自然降温,重复5次。发现在这5次重复实验中4号样品每一次在808nm激光器的照射下都可从室温升至至少55℃,升温25℃,证明其具有优异的光热稳定性。
通过上述实验证明,化合物Ⅱ-1不仅有优异的光热效应,还具有其他有机小分子荧光化合物没有的优异的光热稳定性能,克服了有机小分子化合物在光热稳定性方面的缺陷,具有潜在的临床应用前景。本发明的其他化合物也有类似的性质。
试验例2细胞成像实验
将细胞核染料Hoechst33342(100nM)、溶酶体染料Lyso-Green(75nM)和Ⅱ-1(8μM)加入到细胞的培养基中进行30分钟的细胞染色,染完色用PBS冲洗两遍后在共聚焦荧光显微镜下观察拍照,如图9所示,将三个通道的照片组合到一起发现Ⅱ-1与溶酶体部分是几乎完全重合的,说明化合物Ⅱ-1是一种可靶向溶酶体的染料。
试验例3细胞主动靶向实验
如图10所示,选用COX-2过表达的HeLa细胞做为实验组,L929细胞作为对照组。在部分孔板中提前3小时加入抑制剂CELEBREX(13μM),其他孔板不加,三小时过后,在每个孔板中加入8μM的Ⅱ-1,在共聚焦荧光显微镜下观察拍照,用640nm的激光器激发,每5分钟拍照,监测30分钟。如图11所示,将图片中细胞的荧光强度读取出来对应时间作图,发现化合物Ⅱ-1在未加抑制剂的HeLa细胞中荧光增强的最多,30分钟内荧光增强18倍,而同样是HeLa细胞加了抑制剂后,Ⅱ-1的荧光强度在30分钟内只增强了8倍;对于L929细胞来说,不论加抑制剂与否,Ⅱ-1在L929细胞中30分钟内荧光强度只增强2倍左右。以上数据证明Ⅱ-1分子中的吲哚美辛基团可与癌细胞表面的COX-2蛋白特异性结合,实现“主动靶向”癌细胞,同时Ⅱ-1又能自组装成纳米粒子,具有EPR被动靶向特点。因此,Ⅱ-1可实现“主动”与“被动”双重靶向癌细胞。
试验例4细胞内光热效果检测实验
将HeLa细胞培养在96孔板中,每个孔104细胞,24h后加入不同浓度(0.1μM~100μM)的Ⅱ-1,检测暗毒性的细胞孔板在培养箱中放置24小时后,加入活细胞染料Calcein-AM和死细胞染料EthD-I染色20分钟。随后在荧光显微镜下观察,发现细胞几乎全部存活,证明化合物Ⅱ-1本身的毒性极小。
如图12的柱状图所示,检测光毒性的细胞孔板中的细胞于808nm激光器下照射6分钟,在荧光显微镜下观察拍照,发现当Ⅱ-1的浓度大于12.5μM时细胞已100%死亡,证明化合物Ⅱ-1在激光照射下对癌细胞有较强的光热杀伤力,有优异的光热效果。
结合激光照射组与暗毒性组结果,表明该化合物本身的毒性极小,但其光热效果对癌细胞杀伤力特别大,在未来光热治疗癌症的临床应用中有着光明的前景。本发明的其他化合物也有类似的光热治疗效果。
试验例5小鼠光声成像测试
首先构建双肿瘤小鼠模型。向6周龄雌性裸鼠的左、右后腿侧皮下注射107HeLa细胞,使肿瘤体积生长到60mm3,提前1小时向右侧肿瘤瘤内注射抑制剂CELEBREX。1小时后,将200μLⅡ-1(200μg)通过尾静脉注射进小鼠体内。在不同的时间用三维光声层析成像系统监测。如图13所示,注射后,左右两侧肿瘤的光声信号有明显区别,在注射后第4小时发现左右肿瘤部位的光声信号的区别最为明显,此时左侧未注入抑制剂的肿瘤的光声信号强度是右侧肿瘤的3倍多。如图14的柱状图所示,随时间的增加,一直到24小时,肿瘤部位一直有光声信号,且左侧肿瘤的光声信号强度一直高于右侧肿瘤。此实施例证明化合物Ⅱ-1有优异的肿瘤靶向性,包括主动靶向和被动靶向,以及具有优异的光声信号。而且,在24小时之内裸鼠身体没有发生痉挛、抽搐等异常,证明化合物Ⅱ-1几乎没有毒性,安全性极高。
试验例6小鼠体内光热治疗中的光声成像实验
实验组小鼠尾静脉注射的200μLⅡ-1(200μg),用808nm激光器照射小鼠肿瘤部位10分钟,同时用光热成像仪持续拍照。在激光的照射下,肿瘤部位能够升温至57.2℃,从图15可以看出,肿瘤周围组织的温度并没有升高,说明Ⅱ-1用于光热治疗具有对肿瘤附近组织损伤低的优点。
试验例7小鼠体内光热治疗实验
将裸鼠分为4组。第1组注射生理盐水,不加激光照射;第2组注射生理盐水并激光照射10分钟;第3组注射200μLⅡ-1(200μg),不加激光照射;第4组将200μLⅡ-1(200μg)通过尾静脉注射进小鼠体内,用808nm激光器照射小鼠肿瘤部位10分钟。每天用游标卡尺测量每组老鼠的肿瘤体积,持续记录22天。
如图18,第4组光热治疗后的裸鼠,光热治疗前肿瘤体积为50mm3左右,对其进行光热治疗后,第二天肿瘤破溃,随着时间增长,未见明显的肿瘤生长,肿瘤破溃处开始愈合,第18天时破溃处已完全愈合,有一个小伤疤。肿瘤体积变化情况如图16,实验组(第4组)小鼠在激光照射后肿瘤消除,而对照组(第1、2、3组)小鼠肿瘤的体积持续上升,在20天内已长大15倍。小鼠体重变化情况如图17,实验组和对照组小鼠体重皆未有异常变化,未见Ⅱ-1的明显副作用。如图19,将实验22天后的实验组小鼠进行解剖,将肿瘤、肝、肺进行切片H&E染色观察。发现肿瘤细胞发生凋亡,肺和肝未见明显损伤。证明Ⅱ-1有优异的光热治疗能力,并且不损伤内脏,副作用小,相对安全可靠。
以上实验说明化合物Ⅱ-1在808nm激光照射下,有非常优异的光热杀伤肿瘤效果,且安全性高,在临床光热治疗癌症中有着广阔的应用前景。经验证本发明的其他化合物也有类似的光热治疗效果。
试验例8化合物Ⅱ-1在小鼠体内安全性实验
选用10只雌性昆明鼠,5只尾静脉注射200μLⅡ-1(200μg),5只注射生理盐水,24小时后取小鼠的血液进行血常规和肝功能的检测。如图20所示,淋巴细胞、平均红细胞容积和红细胞体积分布宽度这些血常规指标均在正常范围之内,白蛋白、胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶和血糖这些肝功能指标均在正常范围之内。结果表明,化合物Ⅱ-1有较高的安全性,短期内不损伤肝脏,相对安全可靠。
上述说明仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非是对本发明的限制,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改型等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有“主动”与“被动”双重靶向的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物具有式(Ⅲ)所示结构或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物在水溶液中自组装形成的微纳结构:
或,具有式(Ⅰ)所示结构或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物在水溶液中自组装形成的微纳结构:
或,具有式(Ⅱ)所示结构或其异构体、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物在水溶液中自组装形成的微纳结构:
上述式(Ⅰ)、式(Ⅱ)、式(Ⅲ)中:A为主动靶向基团,包括表皮生长因子、唾液酸糖蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、转铁蛋白、叶酸、胰岛素样生长因子、血管内皮生长因子、白介素、生物素、吲哚美辛、三苯氧胺、透明质酸、精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸、甘露糖、半乳糖、生长激素释放抑制激素、尿激素、肿瘤坏死因子;
所述式(Ⅲ)中:
X2选自于O、S或-CR20R20’-;
Y3、Y4、Y5各自独立地选自于H、羟基、卤素原子、取代或者非取代的氨基和烃氧基;
t1、t2、t3各自独立地选自0~5的整数;
R16和R17共同形成如下之一的连接:或者R16、R17和X2共同形成如下连接其中,Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rg各自独立地选自于H、卤素、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的羧基、取代或非取代的羟基和取代或非取代的氨基;
R18、R18’、R19、R20和R20’各自独立地选自于H、卤素原子、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的环烃基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的杂芳基、取代或非取代的杂环基、取代或者非取代的醇基、取代或者非取代的醚基、取代或者非取代的醛基、取代或者非取代的羧基、取代或者非取代的酰胺基、取代或者非取代的酯基和取代或者非取代的氨基;
所述式(Ⅰ)中:
B为取代或非取代的杂环,所述杂环不带电荷且包含N、O和S中的一个或多个杂原子;
L为取代或非取代的共轭碳链,所述共轭碳链中包含2~5个双键;
X1为O、N或-CR4R4’-;
n为0或1;
R1、R1’、R2各自独立地选自于具有吸电子能力的原子和基团;
R3和R3’、R4和R4’分别各自独立地选自于H、卤素原子、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的环烃基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的杂芳基、取代或非取代的杂环基、取代或者非取代的醇基、取代或者非取代的醚基、取代或者非取代的醛基、取代或者非取代的羧基、取代或者非取代的酰氨基、取代或者非取代的酯基和取代或者非取代的氨基;
所述式(Ⅱ)中:
所述q、q’各自独立地选自0~12的整数;
上述式(Ⅰ)、式(Ⅱ)、式(Ⅲ)中,当所述基团为取代的时,取代基为单取代或多取代。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,式(Ⅲ)中,所述t1和t2均为1,t3为0;所述m为3;
所述R18、R18’、R19各自独立地选自于H,-(CH2)qCH3、-(CH2)qCF3、-(CH2)qCHCH2、-(CH2)qCCH、-(CH2)qOH、-(CH2)qCOOH、-(CH2)qNH2、-(CH2)qCHO、-(CH2)qCO(CH2)q’CH3、-(CH2)qO(CH2)r’CH3、 其中q、q’各自独立地选自0-12的整数;优选的,所述R19为-CH2CH3;
所述Y3和Y5均为H;
Y4为Cl、Br或-NR21R21’-,其中,R21、R21’各自独立地选自于H、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的环烃基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的杂芳基、取代或非取代的杂环基、取代或者非取代的醇基、取代或者非取代的醚基、取代或者非取代的醛基、取代或者非取代的羧基、取代或者非取代的酰胺基、取代或者非取代的酯基和取代或者非取代的氨基;L1为酯基取代或非取代的碳链。
6.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,式(Ⅱ)中,R10为-CH2-、-(CH2)2-、-(CH2)3-或-(CH2)4-,优选的,R10为-(CH2)3-。
7.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物为化合物Ⅱ-1、Ⅱ-2、Ⅱ-3、Ⅱ-4、Ⅱ-5、Ⅱ-6、Ⅱ-7、Ⅱ-8、Ⅱ-9、Ⅱ-10、Ⅱ-11、Ⅱ-12、Ⅱ-13、Ⅱ-14、Ⅱ-15、Ⅱ-16、Ⅱ-17、Ⅱ-18、Ⅱ-19、Ⅱ-20、Ⅱ-21、Ⅱ-22、Ⅱ-23、Ⅱ-24、Ⅱ-25、Ⅱ-26、Ⅱ-27、Ⅱ-28、Ⅱ-29、Ⅱ-30、Ⅱ-31、Ⅱ-32、Ⅱ-33、Ⅱ-34、Ⅱ-35、Ⅱ-36、Ⅱ-37、Ⅱ-38、Ⅱ-39、Ⅱ-40、Ⅱ-41、Ⅱ-42、Ⅱ-43、Ⅱ-44、Ⅱ-45、Ⅱ-46、Ⅱ-47、Ⅱ-48、Ⅱ-49或Ⅱ-50。
8.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,包括权利要求1~7任一项所述的化合物,和药学上可接受的载体。
9.权利要求1~7任一项所述的化合物在制备用于双靶向光治疗药物、制备诊断和/或治疗癌症的药物中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述癌症包括食道癌、非小细胞肺癌、胆道癌、头颈癌、巴雷特食管炎、膀胱癌、结肠直肠癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、脑肿瘤、乳腺癌或皮肤癌;所述双靶向光治疗药物为光热治疗药物或光声治疗药物。
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