CN113336573B - Construction method for preventing seepage and hydrophobization of concrete surface and seepage-prevention hydrophobization structure - Google Patents
Construction method for preventing seepage and hydrophobization of concrete surface and seepage-prevention hydrophobization structure Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
- C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/70—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
- E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
- E02D2300/002—Concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0045—Composites
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
- Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a construction method for preventing seepage and hydrophobization of a concrete surface. The construction method for preventing the surface of the concrete from seepage and hydrophobizing comprises the following steps: cleaning the surface of concrete; coating a water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent on the surface of the concrete to form a viscous capillary crystalline layer; before the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is solidified, uniformly spraying particles containing nano silicon dioxide on the surface of the capillary crystalline layer to form a nano silicon dioxide layer which completely covers the surface of the capillary crystalline layer; and coating a hydrophobic agent on the surface of the nano silicon dioxide layer to form a hydrophobic layer. The construction method for preventing the concrete surface from seepage and hydrophobizing can effectively improve the anti-seepage capability and the hydrophobizing property of the concrete surface, is suitable for the anti-seepage hydrophobizing treatment of the building wall surface and is also suitable for the anti-seepage hydrophobizing treatment of the surfaces of concrete pavements and bridge decks. The invention also relates to a concrete surface anti-seepage hydrophobic structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a construction method for preventing seepage and hydrophobization of a concrete surface and a concrete surface anti-seepage hydrophobization structure.
Background
A basement is a room whose floor is more than one-half of the net height of the room below the outdoor ground level. The multi-storey and high-rise buildings need deeper foundations, and in order to utilize the height, a basement is built under the bottom floor of the building, so that the use area is increased, soil backfilling of the center of the building is omitted, and the building is economical. The basement is built below the bottom layer of the house, so that the land efficiency of the building can be improved. Some high-rise building bases are buried deeply, basements are built by fully utilizing the depth, and the economic effect and the using effect are good.
The outer wall and the bottom plate of the basement are deeply buried underground and are infiltrated by water in soil and underground water, so that the moisture and water prevention problem is an important problem to be solved in the design of the basement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention has been made to provide a construction method for impermeable hydrophobic property of concrete surface and an impermeable hydrophobic structure of concrete surface that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a construction method for preventing seepage and hydrophobization of a concrete surface.
The construction method for preventing the concrete surface from seepage and hydrophobizing comprises the following steps:
cleaning the surface of concrete, removing surface laitance, dust and dirt, and keeping dry;
coating a water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent on the surface of the concrete to form a viscous capillary crystalline layer;
before the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is solidified, uniformly spraying particles containing nano silicon dioxide on the surface of the capillary crystalline layer to form a nano silicon dioxide layer which completely covers the surface of the capillary crystalline layer;
and coating a hydrophobic agent on the surface of the nano silicon dioxide layer to form a hydrophobic layer.
The water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is a water-based waterproofing material, has hydrophilicity, can permeate into concrete by 15-40 mm after being sprayed, contains at least 361 times of alkali in the surface area, and can permeate into the concrete and chemically react with the alkali in the presence of water to generate silica gel to cover capillary channels. The silicon gel becomes a firm, air-permeable and glass needle-shaped structure substance after hydration to fill all capillary pores under the surface of the concrete, the product becomes a part of the concrete, not only a coating on the surface, the infiltration of the silicon gel can reduce the alkali content in the concrete, slow down the chemical reaction of alkali in the cement and alkali active mineral components in aggregates, separate out the residual water and other impurities in the concrete in the infiltration process, prevent the invasion of foreign harmful substances, delay the carbonization process of the concrete and reduce the saline-alkali damage and corrosion of the concrete. This process is repeated as long as water is present until the concrete is completely sealed.
The water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent can prevent moisture, frost and seepage, can relieve the alkali-aggregate reaction of concrete, and the sealed concrete can still breathe. After the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is sprayed, the impermeability of the concrete can be improved from the original S7 to more than S11, and the surface strength is improved by 10-20%. The water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent can also play a role in protecting concrete, prevent cracks from occurring in the curing process and have super-strong healing capacity on the cured concrete cracks.
The particles can increase the roughness of the surface, improve the binding force between the permeable crystallization layer and the hydrophobic layer, and form a nano surface.
The nano silicon dioxide contained in the particles can generate a silting effect due to the small size effect and the macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, can penetrate into the vicinity of unsaturated bonds of a polymer chain, and can react with electron clouds of the unsaturated bonds, namely, the nano silicon dioxide reacts with a polymer material in a water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent and a polymer material in a hydrophobic agent, so that the thermal stability, the light stability and the chemical stability of the polymer material are improved, and the aging resistance and the chemical resistance of a final structure are improved.
The nano silicon dioxide not only has the specific advantages of small particle size, high chemical purity, good dispersibility and the like, but also has the advantages of strong adsorbability, good plasticity, high magnetic resistance and low thermal conductivity, and simultaneously, the ultraviolet reflectivity of the nano silicon dioxide within 490nm of the wavelength is up to 70-80 percent, so that the purposes of ultraviolet aging resistance and thermal aging resistance can be achieved.
Optionally, the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is prepared by mixing 6 parts by mass of a permeable waterproofing agent and 1 part by mass of a binder, wherein the permeable waterproofing agent comprises 4 parts by mass of sodium silicate, 2 parts by mass of sodium fluosilicate, 1 part by mass of magnesium lithium silicate and 5-20 parts by mass of water.
Optionally, the binder comprises 4 parts by mass of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 1 part by mass of polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylic acid.
Optionally, the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is used in an amount of 300g/m2。
Optionally, the particles have a particle size of less than 50 nm.
Optionally, the particles are impact-broken waste glass.
Optionally, the hydrophobic agent is a polymethylsiloxane.
Optionally, the thickness of the hydrophobic layer is 0.05-0.1 mm.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a concrete surface impermeable hydrophobic structure.
The concrete surface anti-seepage hydrophobic structure comprises:
coating a water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent on the surface of the concrete to form a capillary crystalline layer;
the nano silicon dioxide layer is formed by completely covering the surface of the permeable crystallization layer by nano silicon dioxide-containing particles, and the particles are partially inserted into the permeable crystallization layer;
and coating a hydrophobic agent on the surface of the nano silicon dioxide layer to form a hydrophobic layer.
Optionally, the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is mixed by 6 parts by mass of a penetrating waterproofing agent and 1 part by mass of a binder; the penetration waterproofing agent comprises 4 parts by mass of sodium silicate, 2 parts by mass of sodium fluosilicate, 1 part by mass of magnesium lithium silicate and 5-20 parts by mass of water; the binder comprises 4 parts by mass of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 1 part by mass of polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylic acid.
Optionally, the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is used in an amount of 300g/m2。
Optionally, the particles have a particle size of less than 50 nm.
Optionally, the particles are impact-broken waste glass.
Optionally, the hydrophobic agent is a polymethylsiloxane.
Optionally, the thickness of the hydrophobic layer is 0.05-0.1 mm.
The construction method for preventing seepage and hydrophobizing the surface of the concrete can effectively improve the seepage prevention capability and the hydrophobicity of the surface of the concrete, is suitable for the seepage prevention hydrophobizing treatment of the surface of a building wall and is also suitable for the seepage prevention hydrophobizing treatment of the surface of a concrete pavement and a bridge floor.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the application, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the construction method for preventing seepage and hydrophobization of the surface of concrete.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a construction method for preventing seepage and hydrophobization of a concrete surface according to an embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
If the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is directly coated on the surface of concrete without treatment, the floating slurry, dust and dirt on the surface of the concrete can cause poor adhesion of the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent and easily cause the defects of foaming, cracking and the like. To avoid the above problems and to prolong the service life of the coating, it is necessary to control the water content of the concrete surface and to perform correct surface cleaning.
For oil stains, the oil stains can be cleaned by a detergent or a sodium carbonate solution, and then the oil stains are washed by fresh water until the pH value is neutral (pH 7-8). If the oil stain is seriously infiltrated into the concrete, the concrete is soaked by hot alkali and washed by fresh water.
For the surface laitance and the weak dielectric surface layer, the surface laitance and the weak dielectric surface layer can be effectively removed by an electric (or pneumatic) grinding tool or by using a sand blasting device.
For dust, the dust can be blown clean by clean compressed air or can be sucked by a vacuum cleaner.
The measurement result of the pH value of the surface of the cleaned concrete is controlled to be neutral, and the water content is less than 5%. If the water content is too high, a natural air drying mode can be adopted for the large-area concrete surface, such as natural air drying for 5-30 days. For a concrete surface with a small area, a heating method can be used to increase the temperature of the concrete and the air around the concrete, accelerate the migration rate of water in the concrete to the surface layer and evaporate rapidly, or a dehydration and dehumidification agent can be used.
102, coating a water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent on the surface of the concrete to form a viscous capillary crystalline layer.
The water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is a water-based waterproofing material, has hydrophilicity, can permeate into concrete by 15-40 mm after being sprayed, contains at least 361 times of alkali in the surface area, and can permeate into the concrete and chemically react with the alkali in the presence of water to generate silica gel to cover capillary channels. The silicon gel is hydrated to become a firm, breathable and glass needle-shaped structure substance which fills all capillary pores under the surface of the concrete, the product of the silicon gel becomes a part of the concrete, not only a coating on the surface, and the infiltration of the silicon gel can reduce the alkali content in the concrete, slow down the chemical reaction between alkali in the cement and alkali active mineral components in aggregates, separate out residual water and other impurities in the concrete in the infiltration process, prevent the invasion of external harmful substances, delay the carbonization process of the concrete and reduce the saline-alkali damage and corrosion of the concrete. This process is repeated as long as water is present until the concrete is completely sealed.
The water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent can prevent moisture, frost and seepage, can relieve the alkali-aggregate reaction of concrete, and the sealed concrete can still breathe. After the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is sprayed, the impermeability of the concrete can be improved from the original S7 to more than S11, and the surface strength is improved by 10-20%. The water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent can also play a role in protecting concrete, prevent cracks from occurring in the curing process and have super-strong healing capacity on the cured concrete cracks.
In one embodiment, the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is mixed with 6 parts by mass of a penetrating waterproofing agent and 1 part by mass of a binder. The permeable waterproofing agent comprises 4 parts by mass of sodium silicate, 2 parts by mass of sodium fluosilicate, 1 part by mass of lithium magnesium silicate and 5-20 parts by mass of water, the water consumption is related to the dry and wet degree of the concrete surface, and the higher the water content of the concrete surface is, the less the water consumption is. The binder comprises 4 parts by mass of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 1 part by mass of polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylic acid.
The water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent can be applied to the surface of concrete by spraying, and in one embodiment, the amount of the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is 300g/m2The thickness of the surface layer (one side of the concrete surface) of the nano silicon dioxide layer can reach 0.6-0.9 mm.
103, before the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is solidified, uniformly spraying particles containing nano silicon dioxide on the surface of the capillary crystalline layer to form a nano silicon dioxide layer which completely covers the surface of the capillary crystalline layer.
The water-based permeable crystallization type waterproof agent can be sprayed to the surface of the permeable crystallization layer within 1-2 hours, the sand blasting process is adopted, particles containing nano silicon dioxide are uniformly sprayed, and the particles can be inserted into the permeable crystallization layer because the water-based permeable crystallization type waterproof agent is not solidified.
The particles can increase the roughness of the surface, improve the binding force between the permeable crystallization layer and the hydrophobic layer, and form a nano surface.
The nano silicon dioxide contained in the particles can generate a silting effect due to the small size effect and the macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, can penetrate into the vicinity of unsaturated bonds of a polymer chain, and can react with electron clouds of the unsaturated bonds, namely, the nano silicon dioxide reacts with a polymer material in a water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent and a polymer material in a hydrophobic agent, so that the thermal stability, the light stability and the chemical stability of the polymer material are improved, and the aging resistance and the chemical resistance of a final structure are improved.
The nano silicon dioxide not only has the specific advantages of small particle size, high chemical purity, good dispersibility and the like, but also has the advantages of strong adsorbability, good plasticity, high magnetic resistance and low thermal conductivity, and simultaneously, the ultraviolet reflectivity of the nano silicon dioxide within 490nm of the wavelength is up to 70-80 percent, so that the purposes of ultraviolet aging resistance and thermal aging resistance can be achieved.
In one embodiment, the particles have a particle size of less than 50nm and are derived from waste glass from impact shatter production. The waste glass can be recycled, the source is wide, the environment-friendly construction concept is met, and meanwhile, if the surface is colored, the waste glass raw materials with corresponding colors can be adopted to produce the particles.
And 104, coating a hydrophobic agent on the surface of the nano silicon dioxide layer to form a hydrophobic layer.
In one embodiment, the hydrophobic agent is polymethylsiloxane, and the hydrophobic agent is coated on the surface of the nano silicon dioxide layer in a spraying manner, wherein the thickness of the hydrophobic layer is 0.05-0.1 mm. The surface tension of the polymethyl siloxane coating (hydrophobic layer) is 14-16 mM/m, the contact angle is 135 degrees, and the hydrophobic standard is achieved.
The polymethylsiloxane is high in safety. The polymethylsiloxane is colorless and odorless liquid, has no obvious acute and chronic toxic reaction to human bodies and mammals, and has no carcinogenesis and carcinogenesis. The product is administered orally, inhaled or contacted with skin, has no obvious irritation and allergic reaction to eyes and skin, and is not absorbed by stomach, intestine and skin.
The byproduct generated by the combustion of polysiloxane is safe, and compared with the corresponding organic matter, the organic silicon compound is not flammable and has low calorific value of combustion. The ash generated during combustion in a static state has a flame-retardant effect, and smoke and toxic smoke generated by the combustion of the organic silicon are lower than those of related organic matters.
The construction method for preventing seepage and hydrophobizing the surface of the concrete provided by the embodiment of the invention can effectively improve the seepage prevention capability and the hydrophobicity of the surface of the concrete, is suitable for the seepage prevention hydrophobizing treatment of the surface of a building wall, and is also suitable for the seepage prevention hydrophobizing treatment of the surfaces of a concrete pavement and a bridge floor.
According to the concrete surface anti-seepage hydrophobic structure provided by the embodiment of the invention, the concrete surface anti-seepage hydrophobic structure can be obtained by adopting the construction method for concrete surface anti-seepage hydrophobic structure. The concrete surface anti-seepage hydrophobic structure comprises:
coating a water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent on the surface of the concrete to form a capillary crystalline layer;
the nano silicon dioxide layer is formed by completely covering the surface of the permeable crystallization layer by nano silicon dioxide-containing particles, and the particles are partially inserted into the permeable crystallization layer;
and coating a hydrophobic agent on the surface of the nano silicon dioxide layer to form a hydrophobic layer.
The above examples only represent some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The construction method for preventing the concrete surface from seepage and hydrophobizing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
cleaning the surface of concrete, removing surface laitance, dust and dirt, and keeping dry;
coating a water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent on the surface of the concrete to form a viscous capillary crystalline layer;
before the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is solidified, uniformly spraying particles containing nano silicon dioxide on the surface of the capillary crystalline layer to form a nano silicon dioxide layer which completely covers the surface of the capillary crystalline layer;
coating a hydrophobic agent on the surface of the nano silicon dioxide layer to form a hydrophobic layer;
the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is prepared by mixing 6 parts by mass of a capillary waterproofing agent and 1 part by mass of a binder, wherein the capillary waterproofing agent comprises 4 parts by mass of sodium silicate, 2 parts by mass of sodium fluosilicate, 1 part by mass of magnesium lithium silicate and 5-20 parts by mass of water.
2. The construction method for preventing seepage and hydrophobization of the concrete surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the binder comprises 4 parts by mass of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 1 part by mass of polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylic acid.
3. The construction method for prevention of seepage and hydrophobization of concrete surface according to any of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the dosage of the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is 300g/m2。
4. The construction method for preventing seepage and hydrophobization of the concrete surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particles have a particle size of less than 50 nm.
5. The construction method for preventing the concrete surface from seepage and hydrophobizing as claimed in claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that: the particles are impact-broken waste glass.
6. The construction method for preventing the concrete surface from being permeated and hydrophobized according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the hydrophobic agent is polymethylsiloxane.
7. The construction method for preventing the seepage and hydrophobization of the concrete surface according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: the thickness of the hydrophobic layer is 0.05-0.1 mm.
8. A concrete surface impermeable hydrophobic structure, comprising:
coating a water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent on the surface of the concrete to form a capillary crystalline layer;
the nano silicon dioxide layer is formed by completely covering the surface of the permeable crystallization layer by nano silicon dioxide-containing particles, and the particles are partially inserted into the permeable crystallization layer;
coating a hydrophobic agent on the surface of the nano silicon dioxide layer to form a hydrophobic layer;
the water-based capillary crystalline waterproofing agent is prepared by mixing 6 parts by mass of a capillary waterproofing agent and 1 part by mass of a binder; the penetration waterproofing agent comprises 4 parts by mass of sodium silicate, 2 parts by mass of sodium fluosilicate, 1 part by mass of magnesium lithium silicate and 5-20 parts by mass of water.
9. The concrete surface impermeable hydrophobic structure of claim 8, wherein the binder comprises 4 parts by mass of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 1 part by mass of polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylic acid.
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| JP2009046347A (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2009-03-05 | Asuton:Kk | Method for repairing concrete |
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| JP2009046347A (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2009-03-05 | Asuton:Kk | Method for repairing concrete |
| CN102432222A (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2012-05-02 | 江苏博特新材料有限公司 | Capillary crystalline waterproofing agent |
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