CN113335025A - Vehicle heat pump air conditioning system and electric automobile - Google Patents
Vehicle heat pump air conditioning system and electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN113335025A CN113335025A CN202110799015.9A CN202110799015A CN113335025A CN 113335025 A CN113335025 A CN 113335025A CN 202110799015 A CN202110799015 A CN 202110799015A CN 113335025 A CN113335025 A CN 113335025A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00485—Valves for air-conditioning devices, e.g. thermostatic valves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle air-conditioning systems, and discloses a vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system and an electric vehicle, which comprise a first air-conditioning loop, a second air-conditioning loop and a four-way reversing valve, wherein the first air-conditioning loop meets the refrigeration requirement and the heating requirement of a vehicle-mounted cooling part and comprises a first air-conditioning compressor electrically connected with a power battery; the second air-conditioning loop meets the refrigerating requirement and the heating requirement of the passenger cabin and comprises a second air-conditioning compressor electrically connected with the power battery; in the refrigeration mode, the four-way reversing valve is connected with the first air-conditioning loop and the second air-conditioning loop in parallel; and in the heating mode, the four-way reversing valve is connected with the first air-conditioning loop and the second air-conditioning loop in series. The vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system can realize two independent refrigeration loops, avoid the influence of the refrigeration requirement of a vehicle-mounted cooling component on the refrigeration of the passenger compartment in the driving process, and improve the refrigeration comfort of the passenger compartment; when two air conditioning return circuits are connected in series for heating, the rotating speed of the compressor is low, the noise is low, and the NVH performance of the whole vehicle is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle air-conditioning systems, in particular to a vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system and an electric vehicle.
Background
The existing air conditioning system for the vehicle not only influences the driving comfort of the passenger vehicle, but also involves the problems of safety and energy consumption. In particular, in the case of electric vehicles, air conditioning systems play a balancing role in terms of driving comfort and driving range. Since the driving mileage of the electric vehicle directly affects the recognition of the user, it is important for the air conditioner to improve the working efficiency and reduce the energy consumption. In order to solve the problem of the attenuation of the driving range of the electric automobile in winter, the heat pump air conditioning technology is more and more popularized on the electric automobile, but in the traditional heat pump air conditioning system, the rotating speed of a compressor is higher and the noise is larger in a heating mode, so that the NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) performance of the whole automobile is influenced; in addition, under the high-temperature working condition, the passenger compartment and the vehicle-mounted cooling part share one set of air conditioner loop to refrigerate, and in the cooling process of the vehicle-mounted cooling part, the refrigerating stability of the passenger compartment can be influenced, so that the comfort experience of the air conditioner of the passenger compartment is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system and an electric vehicle, wherein the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system can reduce the rotating speed of an air-conditioning compressor, improve the noise, vibration and noise and vibration roughness (NVH) performance of the whole vehicle, stabilize the refrigerating performance of a passenger compartment and improve the comfort experience of members.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a heat pump air conditioning system for a vehicle, comprising:
the first air conditioning loop is configured to meet the refrigerating requirement and the heating requirement of the vehicle-mounted cooling component and comprises a first air conditioning compressor which is electrically connected with the power battery;
a second air conditioning circuit configured to meet cooling and heating requirements of a passenger compartment, the second air conditioning circuit including a second air conditioning compressor electrically connected to the power battery; and
the four-way reversing valve can be respectively communicated with the first air-conditioning loop and the second air-conditioning loop, and is connected with the first air-conditioning loop and the second air-conditioning loop in parallel when the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system is in a refrigeration mode; when the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system is in a heating mode, the four-way reversing valve is connected with the first air-conditioning loop and the second air-conditioning loop in series.
As a preferable configuration of the present invention, the first air conditioning circuit further includes:
an inlet end of the first electronic expansion valve is communicated with an outlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor, and the first electronic expansion valve is configured to adjust the refrigerant flow of the first air-conditioning loop;
the inlet end of the first outdoor condenser is communicated with the outlet end of the first electronic expansion valve, and the first outdoor condenser is configured to realize heat exchange between the external environment and the first air conditioning loop;
the inlet end of the electronic expansion valve II is communicated with the outlet end of the first outdoor condenser, and the electronic expansion valve II is configured to adjust the refrigerant flow of the first air-conditioning loop; and
the inlet end of the first refrigerant heat exchanger is communicated with the outlet end of the second electronic expansion valve, the first refrigerant heat exchanger is configured to achieve heat exchange between the vehicle-mounted cooling part and the first air-conditioning loop, and the outlet end of the first refrigerant heat exchanger is communicated with the inlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor.
As a preferable configuration of the present invention, the second air conditioning circuit further includes:
the inlet end of the indoor condenser is communicated with the outlet end of the second air-conditioning compressor; the indoor condenser is configured to effect heat exchange between the passenger compartment and the second air conditioning circuit when the vehicular heat pump air conditioning system is in a heating mode;
the inlet end of the second outdoor condenser is communicated with the outlet end of the indoor condenser; when the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system is in a cooling mode, the outdoor condenser II is configured to realize heat exchange between the external environment and the second air-conditioning loop;
the inlet end of the electronic expansion valve III is communicated with the outlet end of the outdoor condenser II, and the electronic expansion valve III is configured to adjust the refrigerant flow of the second air-conditioning loop;
the inlet end of the air-conditioning evaporator is communicated with the outlet end of the electronic expansion valve III, when the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system is in a cooling mode, the air-conditioning evaporator is configured to realize heat exchange between the passenger compartment and the second air-conditioning loop, and the outlet end of the air-conditioning evaporator is communicated with the inlet end of the second air-conditioning compressor; and
and one end of the two-way valve is connected between the air conditioner evaporator and the second air conditioner compressor, and the other end of the two-way valve is connected between the indoor condenser and the second outdoor condenser.
As a preferable structure of the present invention, the second air conditioning circuit is provided with an adjusting branch configured to cool a refrigerant of the second air conditioning circuit when the heat pump air conditioning system for a vehicle is in a heating mode, and the adjusting branch includes:
the inlet end of the first parallel branch is communicated with the outlet end of the indoor condenser, the first parallel branch is provided with an electronic expansion valve IV and a refrigerant heat exchanger II, the outlet end of the electronic expansion valve IV is communicated with the inlet end of the refrigerant heat exchanger II, and the electronic expansion valve IV is configured to adjust the refrigerant flow of the first parallel branch;
and the parallel branch II is connected with the parallel branch I in parallel, and is provided with the refrigerant heat exchanger II.
As a preferable structure of the present invention, the first air conditioning circuit further includes a three-way valve, and two ends of the three-way valve are respectively communicated with an outlet end of the first outdoor condenser and an inlet end of the first air conditioning compressor.
As a preferable structure of the present invention, the first air-conditioning loop further includes a first gas-liquid separator, and two ends of the first gas-liquid separator are respectively communicated with an outlet end of the first refrigerant heat exchanger and an inlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor.
As a preferable structure of the present invention, the second air conditioning loop further includes a second gas-liquid separator, and two ends of the second gas-liquid separator are respectively communicated with an outlet end of the air conditioning evaporator and an inlet end of the second air conditioning compressor.
As a preferred structure of the present invention, four ports of the four-way reversing valve are respectively communicated with the outlet end of the first air conditioner compressor, the inlet end of the first electronic expansion valve, the outlet end of the first parallel branch and the outlet end of the second parallel branch; when the four-way reversing valve is connected with the first air-conditioning loop and the second air-conditioning loop in parallel, the outlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor is communicated with the outlet end of the first parallel branch, and the inlet end of the first electronic expansion valve is communicated with the outlet end of the second parallel branch.
As a preferable structure of the present invention, the indoor condenser is an air-cooled condenser or a water-cooled condenser.
In another aspect, an electric vehicle is provided, which includes the vehicle heat pump air conditioning system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the ambient temperature is high and the passenger compartment or the vehicle-mounted cooling component (such as a power battery and an electronic control unit) has a refrigeration demand, the parallel connection of a first air-conditioning loop and a second air-conditioning loop is realized through the control of a four-way reversing valve, and the first air-conditioning loop is used for meeting the refrigeration demand of the vehicle-mounted cooling component except the passenger compartment of the whole vehicle; the second air conditioning loop is used for meeting the refrigeration requirement of the passenger compartment of the whole vehicle. The first air-conditioning loop and the second air-conditioning loop are connected in parallel for refrigeration, the passenger compartment refrigeration and the vehicle-mounted cooling component are decoupled for active cooling, two independent air-conditioning refrigeration loops can be realized, the influence on the refrigeration of the passenger compartment due to the refrigeration requirement of the second air-conditioning loop in the driving process is avoided, and the comfort of the passenger compartment refrigeration is improved. In addition, along with the increase of intelligent parts of the electric automobile, the calculation processing units and the calculation capacity required by the whole automobile are gradually increased, the cooling demand is increased, two parallel loops are adopted for respectively cooling, the problem of complex air conditioner cooling capacity distribution can be avoided, the temperature inside the passenger compartment is prevented from generating large fluctuation, and the comfort inside the passenger compartment is improved. Moreover, because the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system is provided with the first air-conditioning compressor and the second air-conditioning compressor, when the first air-conditioning loop and the second air-conditioning loop are connected in series for heating work, the rotating speed of the compressors is low, the noise is low, and the NVH (noise, vibration and sound vibration roughness) performance of the whole vehicle is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat pump air conditioning system for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first air conditioning circuit and a first air conditioning circuit for parallel refrigeration according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a first schematic diagram of a first air conditioning circuit and a first series heating mode of the first air conditioning circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first air conditioning circuit and a first air conditioning circuit in series heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a first air conditioning circuit; 101. a first air conditioning compressor; 103. a first electronic expansion valve; 104. a first outdoor condenser; 105. a three-way valve; 106. a second electronic expansion valve; 107. a first refrigerant heat exchanger; 108. a first gas-liquid separator; 2. a second air conditioning circuit; 201. a second air conditioning compressor; 202. an indoor condenser; 203. a two-way valve; 204. the electronic expansion valve IV; 205. a second refrigerant heat exchanger; 206. a second outdoor condenser; 207. an electronic expansion valve III; 208. an air conditioning evaporator; 209. a gas-liquid separator II; 21. a first parallel branch; 22. a second parallel branch; 3. a four-way reversing valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a heat pump air conditioning system for a vehicle, including a first air conditioning circuit 1, a second air conditioning circuit 2, and a four-way reversing valve 3. The first air conditioning loop 1 is configured to meet the cooling demand and the heating demand of the vehicle-mounted cooling part, the first air conditioning loop 1 comprises a first air conditioning compressor 101, and the first air conditioning compressor 101 is electrically connected with a power battery. The second air conditioning loop 2 is configured to meet the cooling demand and the heating demand of the passenger compartment, the second air conditioning loop 2 comprises a second air conditioning compressor 201, and the second air conditioning compressor 201 is electrically connected with the power battery. The four-way reversing valve 3 is respectively communicated with the first air-conditioning loop 1 and the second air-conditioning loop 2, and when the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system is in a refrigeration mode, the four-way reversing valve 3 is connected with the first air-conditioning loop 1 and the second air-conditioning loop 2 in parallel; when the heat pump air-conditioning system for the vehicle is in a heating mode, the four-way reversing valve 3 is connected with the first air-conditioning loop 1 and the second air-conditioning loop 2 in series.
In this embodiment, the first air conditioner compressor 101 and the second air conditioner compressor 201 are electric compressors, and the electric compressors receive electric energy output by the power battery, so that the electric energy is converted into rotational mechanical energy, and a low-pressure gaseous refrigerant working medium in the vehicle heat pump air conditioning system is compressed into a high-pressure gaseous refrigerant working medium. The four-way reversing valve 3 has two working states of A and B, and can realize series connection or parallel connection between the first air-conditioning loop 1 and the second air-conditioning loop 2. When the ambient temperature is high and the passenger compartment or the vehicle-mounted cooling component (a power battery, an electronic control unit and the like) has a refrigeration demand, the parallel connection of a first air-conditioning loop 1 and a second air-conditioning loop 2 is realized through the control of a four-way reversing valve 3, and the first air-conditioning loop 1 is used for meeting the refrigeration demand of the vehicle-mounted cooling component except the passenger compartment of the whole vehicle; the second air conditioning circuit 2 is used for meeting the refrigeration requirement of the passenger compartment of the whole vehicle. The first air-conditioning loop 1 and the second air-conditioning loop 2 are connected in parallel for refrigeration, the passenger compartment refrigeration and the vehicle-mounted cooling component are decoupled for active cooling, two independent air-conditioning refrigeration loops can be realized, the influence on the refrigeration of the passenger compartment due to the refrigeration requirement of the second air-conditioning loop 2 in the driving process is avoided, and the comfort of the passenger compartment refrigeration is improved. In addition, along with the increase of intelligent parts of the electric automobile, the calculation processing units and the calculation capacity required by the whole automobile are gradually increased, the cooling demand is increased, two parallel loops are adopted for respectively cooling, the problem of complex air conditioner cooling capacity distribution can be avoided, the temperature inside the passenger compartment is prevented from generating large fluctuation, and the comfort inside the passenger compartment is improved. Moreover, because the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system is provided with the first air-conditioning compressor 101 and the second air-conditioning compressor 201, when the first air-conditioning loop 1 and the second air-conditioning loop 2 are connected in series for heating work, the rotating speed of the compressors is low, the noise is low, and the NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) performance of the whole vehicle is greatly improved.
Further, the first air conditioning circuit 1 further includes a first electronic expansion valve 103, a first outdoor condenser 104, a second electronic expansion valve 106, and a first refrigerant heat exchanger 107. The inlet end of the first electronic expansion valve 103 is connected to the outlet end of the first air conditioning compressor 101, and the first electronic expansion valve 103 is configured to adjust the refrigerant flow rate of the first air conditioning circuit 1. The inlet end of the first outdoor condenser 104 is communicated with the outlet end of the first electronic expansion valve 103, and the first outdoor condenser 104 is configured to realize heat exchange between the external environment and the first air conditioning loop 1. The inlet end of the second electronic expansion valve 106 is communicated with the outlet end of the first outdoor condenser 104, and the second electronic expansion valve 106 is configured to adjust the refrigerant flow of the first air-conditioning circuit 1. The inlet end of the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107 is communicated with the outlet end of the second electronic expansion valve 106, the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107 is configured to realize heat exchange between the vehicle-mounted cooling part and the first air-conditioning circuit 1, and the outlet end of the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107 is communicated with the inlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor 101. Preferably, the first air conditioning circuit 1 is further provided with a connecting pipeline for connecting the structural members, and the connecting pipeline is used for conveying the refrigerant working medium.
The first electronic expansion valve 103 can adjust the flow of the refrigerant flowing through, and in the parallel refrigeration mode, the first electronic expansion valve 103 is kept fully open, and the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant in the first air-conditioning loop 1 does not undergo phase change and directly flows to the first outdoor condenser 104 to be condensed and radiated; in the series heating mode, the electronic expansion valve I103 adjusts the opening degree, the pressure of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant working medium in the first air-conditioning loop 1 is adjusted, and the high-pressure liquid refrigerant working medium expands into a low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant working medium and flows to the outdoor condenser I104 to evaporate and absorb heat. The first outdoor condenser 104 transfers the heat of the first air conditioning loop 1 to the external environment in a parallel refrigeration mode; in the series heating mode, heat from the external environment is transferred to the first air conditioning circuit 1. The electronic expansion valve II 106 performs opening degree adjustment in a parallel refrigeration mode, performs pressure adjustment on a high-pressure liquid refrigerant working medium in the first air-conditioning loop 1, expands the high-pressure liquid refrigerant working medium into a low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant working medium, and flows to the refrigerant heat exchanger I107 to perform evaporation and heat absorption; in the series heating mode, if the excess waste heat of the vehicle-mounted cooling part can be recycled, the opening degree of the second electronic expansion valve 106 is adjusted, and the flow of the refrigerant flowing through is also adjusted. The first refrigerant heat exchanger 107 is used for exchanging heat between circuits or components except the passenger compartment and the first air conditioning circuit 1, and in the parallel refrigeration mode, if the vehicle-mounted cooling component needs active cooling, the heat can be transferred to the first air conditioning circuit 1 through the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107, so that cooling of a cooling object is realized. In the series heating mode, if the redundant waste heat of the vehicle-mounted cooling part can be recycled, the heat can be transferred to the first air conditioning loop 1 through the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107 and used for the heating process of the passenger compartment, and the rotating speed of the compressor is reduced.
Further, the second air conditioning circuit 2 further includes an indoor condenser 202, an outdoor condenser two 206, an electronic expansion valve three 207, an air conditioning evaporator 208, and a two-way valve 203. The inlet end of the indoor condenser 202 is communicated with the outlet end of the second air-conditioning compressor 201; when the heat pump air conditioning system for a vehicle is in the heating mode, the indoor condenser 202 is configured to achieve heat exchange between the passenger compartment and the second air conditioning circuit 2. The inlet end of the second outdoor condenser 206 is communicated with the outlet end of the indoor condenser 202; when the heat pump air conditioning system for a vehicle is in the cooling mode, the second outdoor condenser 206 is configured to exchange heat between the outside environment and the second air conditioning circuit 2. An inlet end of the third electronic expansion valve 207 is communicated with an outlet end of the second outdoor condenser 206, and the third electronic expansion valve 207 is configured to adjust the refrigerant flow rate of the second air-conditioning circuit 2. The inlet end of the air-conditioning evaporator 208 is communicated with the outlet end of the electronic expansion valve III 207, when the heat pump air-conditioning system for the vehicle is in a cooling mode, the air-conditioning evaporator 208 is configured to realize heat exchange between the passenger compartment and the second air-conditioning loop 2, and the outlet end of the air-conditioning evaporator 208 is communicated with the inlet end of the second air-conditioning compressor 201. One end of the two-way valve 203 is connected between the air conditioner evaporator 208 and the second air conditioner compressor 201, and the other end is connected between the indoor condenser 202 and the outdoor condenser two 206. Preferably, the second air conditioning circuit 2 is further provided with a connecting pipeline for connecting the structural members, and the connecting pipeline is used for conveying the refrigerant working medium.
The indoor condenser 202 is configured to cool the flowing high-pressure gaseous refrigerant working medium in the series heating mode, so that the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant working medium in the second air-conditioning loop 2 is changed into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant working medium, and meanwhile, heat in the second air-conditioning loop 2 is transferred to the inside of the passenger compartment, thereby heating the passenger compartment by the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system. Preferably, the indoor condenser 202 is an air-cooled condenser or a water-cooled condenser. And the second outdoor condenser 206 cools the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant flowing through into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant in a parallel refrigeration mode, so that the phase change process of the refrigerant is realized. The electronic expansion valve III 207 receives the high-pressure liquid refrigerant working medium output by the outdoor condenser II 206, and the high-pressure liquid refrigerant working medium is expanded into a low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant working medium through the opening control of the electronic expansion valve III 207 and flows to the air-conditioning evaporator 208. The air-conditioning evaporator 208 receives the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant working medium output by the electronic expansion valve III 207, the refrigerant working medium is further expanded and absorbs heat in the air-conditioning evaporator 208, the heat in the passenger compartment is transferred to the heat pump air-conditioning system for the vehicle, and meanwhile, the refrigerant working medium is changed into a low-pressure gas state, so that the refrigerating process of the passenger compartment is realized. The two-way valve 203 has two working states of full opening and full closing, so that the on-off control of the refrigerant flowing through is realized, when the refrigerant is in parallel connection for refrigeration, the two-way valve 203 is in full closing, when the refrigerant is in series connection for heating, the two-way valve 203 is in full opening, and the refrigerant does not flow through the outdoor condenser II 206, the electronic expansion valve III 207 and the air conditioner evaporator 208 any more.
Further, the second air-conditioning circuit 2 is provided with an adjusting branch, and when the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system is in the heating mode, the adjusting branch is configured to cool the refrigerant of the second air-conditioning circuit 2, and the adjusting branch comprises a first parallel branch 21 and a second parallel branch 22. The inlet end of the first parallel branch 21 is communicated with the outlet end of the indoor condenser 202, the first parallel branch 21 is provided with a fourth electronic expansion valve 204 and a second refrigerant heat exchanger 205, the outlet end of the fourth electronic expansion valve 204 is communicated with the inlet end of the second refrigerant heat exchanger 205, and the fourth electronic expansion valve 204 is configured to adjust the refrigerant flow of the first parallel branch 21. The second parallel branch 22 and the first parallel branch 21 are connected in parallel, and the second parallel branch 22 penetrates through the second refrigerant heat exchanger 205.
In the series heating mode, the electronic expansion valve four 204 performs opening degree adjustment, and performs pressure adjustment on the high-pressure liquid refrigerant working medium in the second air-conditioning loop 2. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing out of the indoor condenser 202 is divided into two paths, one portion of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the first parallel branch 21, the low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is expanded through the fourth electronic expansion valve 204 and flows to the second refrigerant heat exchanger 205 to evaporate and absorb heat, the other portion of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the second parallel branch 22 and is cooled by the high-pressure liquid refrigerant in the first parallel branch 21, and the temperature is further reduced and is used for increasing the supercooling degree of the refrigerant. When the refrigerant in the second parallel branch 22 enters the first air-conditioning loop 1 through the four-way reversing valve 3, the refrigerant can absorb more heat when passing through the first outdoor condenser 104 due to the larger supercooling degree, so that the low-temperature heat absorption capacity of the heat pump air-conditioning system for the vehicle is improved, and the rotating speed of the compressor is further reduced.
Further, the first air conditioning circuit 1 further includes a three-way valve 105, and two ends of the three-way valve 105 are respectively communicated with the outlet end of the first outdoor condenser 104 and the inlet end of the first air conditioning compressor 101. The three-way valve 105 regulates the flow direction of the refrigerant medium in the first air conditioning circuit 1. The three-way valve 105 has an operating state a and an operating state B, and in the series heating mode, if the vehicle-mounted cooling part does not have excess heat to be recycled, the three-way valve 105 operates in the state B, the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107 is bypassed under the control of the three-way valve 105, the second electronic expansion valve 106 maintains an initial default state, and at the moment, the refrigerant directly flows to the first air-conditioning compressor 101 through the three-way valve 105, so that rapid circulation is realized. When the three-way valve 105 is in the state a, the refrigerant flows to the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107 through the second electronic expansion valve 106.
Further, the first air-conditioning loop 1 further includes a first gas-liquid separator 108, and two ends of the first gas-liquid separator 108 are respectively communicated with an outlet end of the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107 and an inlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor 101; the second air-conditioning loop 2 further comprises a second gas-liquid separator 209, and two ends of the second gas-liquid separator 209 are respectively communicated with the outlet end of the air-conditioning evaporator 208 and the inlet end of the second air-conditioning compressor 201. The first gas-liquid separator 108 and the second gas-liquid separator 209 receive the flowing low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, filter the liquid mixed in the refrigerant, ensure to output complete gas refrigerant, and avoid influencing the working reliability of the first air-conditioning compressor 101 and the second air-conditioning compressor 201.
Furthermore, four interfaces of the four-way reversing valve 3 are respectively communicated with the outlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor 101, the inlet end of the first electronic expansion valve 103, the outlet end of the first parallel branch 21 and the outlet end of the second parallel branch 22; when the four-way reversing valve 3 is connected in parallel with the first air-conditioning loop 1 and the second air-conditioning loop 2, the outlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor 101 is communicated with the outlet end of the first parallel branch 21, and the inlet end of the first electronic expansion valve 103 is communicated with the outlet end of the second parallel branch 22.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides an electric automobile which comprises the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system. When the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system of the electric vehicle is in a cooling mode, the first air-conditioning circuit 1 and the second air-conditioning circuit 2 are connected in parallel, and when the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system is in a heating mode, the first air-conditioning circuit 1 and the second air-conditioning circuit 2 are connected in series. The following discusses the working processes of the heat pump air conditioning system for the vehicle in different modes respectively:
1. parallel refrigeration mode
As shown in fig. 2, the first air conditioning circuit 1 is used to satisfy the cooling demand of the on-board cooling components other than the passenger compartment of the entire vehicle: the first air-conditioning compressor 101 compresses the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant working medium in the first air-conditioning loop 1 and outputs the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant working medium. The electronic expansion valve I103 is fully opened, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant flows through the four-way reversing valve 3 and the electronic expansion valve I103 and enters the outdoor condenser I104, heat exchange is carried out between the interior of the condenser and the external environment, the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is cooled by cooling air in the external environment, the refrigerant changes phase, and the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is changed into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The three-way valve 105 works in the state A, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is controlled to flow to the second electronic expansion valve 106, and the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is expanded into a low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant by controlling the opening degree of the second electronic expansion valve 106. And further flows into the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107, phase change is carried out in the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107, the low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase working medium is changed into a low-pressure gaseous working medium, and meanwhile, heat is absorbed, and heat in the vehicle-mounted cooling part is transferred into the first air-conditioning loop 1. And the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant working medium output by the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107 flows through the first gas-liquid separator 108, water vapor and other impurities contained in the low-pressure gaseous working medium are filtered, and the low-pressure gaseous working medium is output to the air-conditioning compressor 101, so that the refrigeration cycle of the first air-conditioning loop 1 is completed.
The second air-conditioning circuit 2 is used to satisfy the cooling demand of the passenger compartment: the air conditioning compressor 201 compresses the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant in the second air conditioning loop 2, and outputs a high-pressure gaseous refrigerant. High pressure gaseous refrigerant working fluid flows through the interior condenser 202, at which time the interior condenser 202 is inactive. The two-way valve 203 and the electronic expansion valve four 204 are closed, the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant further flows through the refrigerant heat exchanger two 205 to enter the outdoor condenser two 206 for heat dissipation, heat exchange is performed between the inside of the outdoor condenser two 206 and the external environment, the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is cooled by cooling air in the external environment, the refrigerant changes phase, and the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is changed into the high-pressure liquid refrigerant. And the high-pressure liquid refrigerant working medium enters the electronic expansion valve III 207, and is expanded into a low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant working medium by controlling the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve III 207. And further flows into the air-conditioning evaporator 208, phase change is carried out in the air-conditioning evaporator 208, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase working medium is changed into low-pressure gaseous working medium, and heat is absorbed at the same time, so that the heat in the passenger compartment is transferred into the second air-conditioning loop 2. The low-pressure gaseous refrigerant working medium output from the air conditioner evaporator 208 flows through the gas-liquid separator 209, and water vapor and other impurities contained in the low-pressure gaseous working medium are filtered and output to the second air conditioner compressor 201, so that the refrigeration cycle of the second air conditioner loop 2 is completed.
2.1 series heating mode one
As shown in fig. 3, when the ambient temperature is low, the passenger compartment has a heating demand, and no excess heat is recovered from the vehicle-mounted cooling unit of the first air conditioning circuit 1, the three-way valve 105 is controlled to operate in the state B, the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107 is bypassed, and the second electronic expansion valve 106 remains in the initial default state.
The first air-conditioning circuit 1 and the second air-conditioning circuit 2 are controlled by the four-way reversing valve 3, and the two-way valve 203 is fully opened. The second air conditioner compressor 201 compresses the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant working medium in the loop and outputs the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant working medium. The high-pressure gaseous refrigerant working medium flows through the indoor condenser 202, the indoor condenser 202 exchanges heat with cold air inside the passenger compartment, heat in the loop is transferred to the inside of the passenger compartment, and the heating requirement on the passenger compartment is met. Meanwhile, the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant inside the indoor condenser 202 is cooled by the passenger compartment cooling air and then undergoes phase change to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant working medium. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant is divided into two paths, one path directly enters the second parallel branch 22 and flows through the second refrigerant heat exchanger 205, the other path enters the first parallel branch 21, the refrigerant passes through the fourth electronic expansion valve 204, decompression and expansion are carried out inside the fourth electronic expansion valve 204 to obtain a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, heat absorption is carried out in the second refrigerant heat exchanger 205, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant in the second parallel branch 22 is cooled, the supercooling degree of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is increased, and the low-temperature heat absorption capacity of the system is improved. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant working medium flowing through the second parallel branch 22 enters the first electronic expansion valve 103 of the first air-conditioning loop 1 through the four-way reversing valve 3, and the high-pressure liquid refrigerant working medium is expanded into a low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant working medium by controlling the opening degree of the first electronic expansion valve 103. The refrigerant further flows into the outdoor condenser I104, phase change is carried out in the outdoor condenser I104, the low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase working medium is changed into a low-pressure gas working medium, heat is absorbed, the heat of the external environment is transferred to an air-conditioning loop, and the refrigerant with the large supercooling degree can absorb more outdoor heat at the moment. The low-pressure gaseous refrigerant respectively flows through the three-way valve 105 and the first gas-liquid separator 108, enters the first air-conditioning compressor 101 of the first air-conditioning loop 1 and is compressed, the compressed gaseous refrigerant flows into the second air-conditioning loop 2 through the four-way reversing valve 3 and is mixed with the gaseous refrigerant flowing through the first parallel branch 21, and the mixed gaseous refrigerant jointly flows through the fully-opened two-way valve 203 and the second gas-liquid separator 209 and enters the air-conditioning compressor 201 of the second air-conditioning loop 2, so that the heating process in the series heating mode is completed.
2.2 series heating mode two
As shown in fig. 4, when the ambient temperature is low and the passenger compartment has a heating demand, and at the same time, the excess heat of the vehicle-mounted cooling part of the first air conditioning loop 1 can be recycled, and the temperature of the body or the loop of the vehicle-mounted cooling part is usually higher than the ambient temperature, the three-way valve 105 is controlled to operate in the state a, so that the refrigerant working medium flowing out of the first outdoor condenser 104 further flows through the second electronic expansion valve 106 and the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107, and the refrigerant working medium absorbs heat in the first refrigerant heat exchanger 107, thereby increasing the heat source of the vehicle heat pump air conditioning system and the evaporation superheat degree of the air conditioning refrigerant, and then flows through the first gas-liquid separator 108 and enters the first air conditioning compressor 101 of the first air conditioning loop 1.
Meanwhile, other working processes in the two air conditioning loops are the same as the first series heating mode.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Numerous obvious variations, adaptations and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heat pump air conditioning system for a vehicle, comprising:
the air conditioner comprises a first air conditioning loop (1), wherein the first air conditioning loop (1) is configured to meet the cooling demand and the heating demand of a vehicle-mounted cooling component, the first air conditioning loop (1) comprises a first air conditioning compressor (101), and the first air conditioning compressor (101) is electrically connected with a power battery;
a second air conditioning circuit (2), the second air conditioning circuit (2) being configured to meet cooling and heating requirements of a passenger compartment, the second air conditioning circuit (2) comprising a second air conditioning compressor (201), the second air conditioning compressor (201) being electrically connected to the power battery; and
the four-way reversing valve (3) can be respectively communicated with the first air-conditioning loop (1) and the second air-conditioning loop (2), and when the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system is in a refrigerating mode, the four-way reversing valve (3) is connected with the first air-conditioning loop (1) and the second air-conditioning loop (2) in parallel; when the vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system is in a heating mode, the four-way reversing valve (3) is connected with the first air-conditioning loop (1) and the second air-conditioning loop (2) in series.
2. The heat pump air-conditioning system for vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that said first air-conditioning circuit (1) further comprises:
an inlet end of the first electronic expansion valve (103) is communicated with an outlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor (101), and the first electronic expansion valve (103) is configured to adjust the refrigerant flow of the first air-conditioning loop (1);
a first outdoor condenser (104), wherein the inlet end of the first outdoor condenser (104) is communicated with the outlet end of the first electronic expansion valve (103), and the first outdoor condenser (104) is configured to realize heat exchange between the external environment and the first air conditioning loop (1);
an inlet end of the electronic expansion valve II (106) is communicated with an outlet end of the outdoor condenser I (104), and the electronic expansion valve II (106) is configured to adjust the refrigerant flow of the first air-conditioning loop (1); and
the inlet end of the first refrigerant heat exchanger (107) is communicated with the outlet end of the second electronic expansion valve (106), the first refrigerant heat exchanger (107) is configured to achieve heat exchange between a vehicle-mounted cooling part and the first air-conditioning loop (1), and the outlet end of the first refrigerant heat exchanger (107) is communicated with the inlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor (101).
3. The heat pump air-conditioning system for vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that said second air-conditioning circuit (2) further comprises:
an inlet end of the indoor condenser (202) is communicated with an outlet end of the second air-conditioning compressor (201); -when the vehicle heat pump air conditioning system is in heating mode, the indoor condenser (202) is configured to enable heat exchange between the passenger compartment and the second air conditioning circuit (2);
an inlet end of the second outdoor condenser (206) is communicated with an outlet end of the indoor condenser (202); when the vehicle heat pump air conditioning system is in a cooling mode, the second outdoor condenser (206) is configured to exchange heat between the outside environment and the second air conditioning circuit (2);
an inlet end of the electronic expansion valve III (207) is communicated with an outlet end of the outdoor condenser II (206), and the electronic expansion valve III (207) is configured to adjust the refrigerant flow of the second air-conditioning loop (2);
an air conditioner evaporator (208), wherein the inlet end of the air conditioner evaporator (208) is communicated with the outlet end of the electronic expansion valve III (207), when the vehicle heat pump air conditioning system is in a cooling mode, the air conditioner evaporator (208) is configured to realize heat exchange between the passenger compartment and the second air conditioning loop (2), and the outlet end of the air conditioner evaporator (208) is communicated with the inlet end of the second air conditioner compressor (201); and
and a two-way valve (203), one end of the two-way valve (203) is connected between the air conditioner evaporator (208) and the second air conditioner compressor (201), and the other end of the two-way valve is connected between the indoor condenser (202) and the outdoor condenser II (206).
4. The vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 3, characterized in that the second air-conditioning circuit (2) is provided with a regulating branch configured to cool a refrigerant of the second air-conditioning circuit (2) when the heat pump air-conditioning system is in a heating mode, the regulating branch comprising:
the inlet end of the first parallel branch (21) is communicated with the outlet end of the indoor condenser (202), the first parallel branch (21) is provided with a fourth electronic expansion valve (204) and a second refrigerant heat exchanger (205), the outlet end of the fourth electronic expansion valve (204) is communicated with the inlet end of the second refrigerant heat exchanger (205), and the fourth electronic expansion valve (204) is configured to adjust the refrigerant flow of the first parallel branch (21);
and the parallel branch II (22) and the parallel branch I (21) are connected in parallel, and the parallel branch II (22) is provided with the refrigerant heat exchanger II (205).
5. The heat pump air-conditioning system for vehicles as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the first air-conditioning loop (1) further comprises a three-way valve (105), and two ends of the three-way valve (105) are respectively communicated with the outlet end of the first outdoor condenser (104) and the inlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor (101).
6. The vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 2, wherein the first air-conditioning loop (1) further comprises a first gas-liquid separator (108), and two ends of the first gas-liquid separator (108) are respectively communicated with the outlet end of the first refrigerant heat exchanger (107) and the inlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor (101).
7. The vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 3, wherein the second air-conditioning loop (2) further comprises a second gas-liquid separator (209), and two ends of the second gas-liquid separator (209) are respectively communicated with an outlet end of the air-conditioning evaporator (208) and an inlet end of the second air-conditioning compressor (201).
8. The vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 4, wherein four ports of the four-way reversing valve (3) are respectively communicated with the outlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor (101), the inlet end of the first electronic expansion valve (103), the outlet end of the first parallel branch (21) and the outlet end of the second parallel branch (22); when the four-way reversing valve (3) is connected with the first air-conditioning loop (1) and the second air-conditioning loop (2) in parallel, the outlet end of the first air-conditioning compressor (101) is communicated with the outlet end of the first parallel branch (21), and the inlet end of the first electronic expansion valve (103) is communicated with the outlet end of the second parallel branch (22).
9. The vehicle heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 3, wherein the indoor condenser (202) is an air-cooled condenser or a water-cooled condenser.
10. An electric vehicle characterized by comprising the heat pump air conditioning system for vehicle of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110799015.9A CN113335025B (en) | 2021-07-15 | 2021-07-15 | Vehicle heat pump air conditioning system and electric automobile |
| PCT/CN2022/105023 WO2023284697A1 (en) | 2021-07-15 | 2022-07-12 | Vehicle heat pump air conditioning system and electric automobile |
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| CN202110799015.9A CN113335025B (en) | 2021-07-15 | 2021-07-15 | Vehicle heat pump air conditioning system and electric automobile |
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| CN113335025B CN113335025B (en) | 2023-01-10 |
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| WO2023284697A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 |
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