CN113333203B - Rainfall simulation device component capable of adjusting nozzle position and adjusting method thereof - Google Patents
Rainfall simulation device component capable of adjusting nozzle position and adjusting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113333203B CN113333203B CN202110596585.8A CN202110596585A CN113333203B CN 113333203 B CN113333203 B CN 113333203B CN 202110596585 A CN202110596585 A CN 202110596585A CN 113333203 B CN113333203 B CN 113333203B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
- B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
- B05B13/0278—Arrangement or mounting of spray heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/16—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling the spray area
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
- B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
- B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
Abstract
The invention discloses a rainfall simulation device component capable of adjusting nozzle positions and an adjusting method thereof. The opening model box top plate is fixed on the inner top surface of the model box, a plurality of circular disc bodies are arranged on the opening model box top plate, each circular disc body is provided with a plurality of spiral-like distributed internal thread holes which are divided into a central internal thread hole and a plurality of peripheral internal thread holes, the plurality of peripheral internal thread holes are sequentially arranged at intervals along a spiral line around the central internal thread hole, the included angle between the circle centers of two adjacent peripheral internal thread holes along the circumference is 45 degrees, and the peripheral internal thread holes are communicated with a water source through an internal channel and the central internal thread hole; a spiral-like distribution internal thread is provided with a nozzle through the lower end of the straight water rod. The invention is convenient to assemble and disassemble, is used for flexibly adjusting the position of the spray nozzle of the rainfall simulation device, can be used for improving the uniformity and the accuracy of rainfall simulation, and is suitable for various working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a rainfall simulation device and method in the field of test methods and equipment, and particularly relates to a rainfall simulation device component capable of adjusting the position of a nozzle and an adjusting method thereof.
Background
The problem of slope instability induced by rainfall is one of the typical infrastructure construction and major engineering catastrophe challenges faced by China at present, and is also one of the key points of research in the field of geotechnical engineering. The whole process from unstable sliding to fluidization is an important way for solving the problem by applying hydraulic load on the scale of the model through a rainfall simulation device and reproducing the shear deformation of the soil body on the lower slope under the action of rainfall.
At present, a series of rainfall simulation devices have been developed at home and abroad, and the devices can better realize some rainfall functions, such as raindrop size control and different rainfall intensity simulation, however, the raindrop coverage of the devices is limited due to the fixed position of the nozzle, and uniformity control can only be realized by adjusting water supply pressure and nozzle height. The control mode puts forward high requirements on the shape of the side slope and the length of the connecting pipeline, can meet the requirements of specific working conditions, and has great limitation in more complicated working conditions and more accurate rainfall simulation. In addition, in the rainfall model test, the raindrop trajectory is deflected to some extent by the influence of the coriolis force and the uneven centrifugal force, and thus the rainfall unevenness is difficult to correct in the case of the fixed hole site. It is therefore desirable to design a rainfall simulator unit with adjustable nozzle position to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to design a rainfall simulation device component which is convenient for adjusting the position of a nozzle and ensures the rainfall uniformity of a rainfall test and an adjusting method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a rainfall simulation device component with adjustable nozzle positions comprises:
the structure comprises a circular tray body arranged in a model box and a perforated model box top plate; the opening model box top plate is fixed on the inner top surface of the model box, a plurality of circular disc bodies are arranged on the bottom surface of the opening model box top plate, a plurality of spiral-like distributed internal thread holes are formed in each circular disc body, each spiral-like distributed internal thread hole is divided into a central through internal thread hole positioned in the center and a plurality of non-through peripheral internal thread holes positioned around the central internal thread hole, the plurality of peripheral internal thread holes are sequentially arranged at intervals along a spiral line around the central internal thread hole, the included angle between the circle centers of two adjacent peripheral internal thread holes along the circumference is 45 degrees, each peripheral internal thread hole is communicated with a central internal thread hole through a channel in the circular disc body, and the central internal thread hole is communicated with a water source; one of the central internal thread hole and the peripheral internal thread hole is connected with the upper end of the straight water rod, and the lower end of the straight water rod is provided with a nozzle.
The circular disk body between every peripheral internal thread hole and the central threaded hole is internally provided with a radial through hole channel, the outer end of the through hole channel penetrates through the peripheral side surface of the circular disk body to form a side wall internal thread hole, and a thread plug is installed in the side wall internal thread hole through threads.
A plurality of fixed internal thread holes are further formed in the top plate of the opening model box, and the disk body fixing screws penetrate through the fixed internal thread holes and then are connected to the inner top surface of the model box.
The trompil mold box roof on set up the screw hole that is used for the circular disk body of cooperation installation, specifically set up a roof that is located the center at every circular disk body installation department and intake the screw hole and be located a plurality of roof disk body fixed thread holes around the screw hole that the roof intakes, the central internal thread hole intercommunication of the screw hole that the roof intakes and circular disk body.
A plurality of circular disk bodies arranged on the bottom surface of the top plate of the opening model box are arranged at intervals in a row-column array, and the orientation and the position of the straight water rods connected to the circular disk bodies and the position of the spiral-like distributed internal thread holes of the nozzles on the circular disk bodies are the same.
Soil bodies to be tested are arranged at the bottom in the model box, and the circular tray body and the top plate of the opening model box are positioned above the soil bodies to be tested. The bottom of the model box can be fixed at the bottom of a hanging basket of the hypergravity centrifuge.
The adjusting disc body adopts the thread-like internal thread hole and the regular octagonal fixing thread hole, so that the assembly and the disassembly are convenient.
Secondly, a rainfall simulation adjusting method for rainfall simulation device components comprises the following steps:
adopting a rainfall simulation device component, wherein the rainfall simulation device component adjusting method comprises the following steps:
The rainfall simulation device part is arranged at the top in the model box, the soil to be tested is arranged at the bottom in the model box to form a side slope model, and the rainfall simulation device part is positioned above the soil to be tested to form the side slope model;
the slope model comprises a slope top part, a slope foot part and a slope surface part positioned between the slope top part and the slope foot part, the slope surface part is a slope part connected with the slope top part and the slope foot part, the slope top part is arranged on one side of the model box along the length direction, and the slope foot part is arranged on the other side of the model box along the length direction;
in the rainfall simulation device component, a plurality of circular disc bodies and unique nozzles on the circular disc bodies are arranged on the bottom surface of a top plate of an open pore model box in a row-column array interval arrangement mode, the row direction of the nozzle arrangement is along the width direction of the model box, and the column direction of the nozzle arrangement is along the length direction of the model box;
Under the initial condition, all the circular disc bodies are uniformly distributed at intervals on the bottom surface of the top plate of the opening model box, and the nozzles are arranged at the central internal thread holes of the circular disc bodies through respective straight water rods;
Aiming at each nozzle on each row of circular disk bodies, moving each nozzle along the width direction of a model box and the height direction of the model box according to the width W of a slope model, the width-to-width distance D of adjacent nozzles and the spray angle theta of spray emitted by the nozzle, adjusting and setting the installation height H of each nozzle in the same row so that the spray of each nozzle in the same row falls to the state that the slope model is in the optimal width overlapping state in the width direction, calculating the offset of the spray coverage range under the installation height by using a formula, wherein the distance between the adjacent nozzles in the row is constantly equal to D, and taking the component of the offset in the width direction of the model box as the offset delta of each nozzle in the width direction of the model box from the initial condition 1 ；
The mounting height H of the nozzle is the vertical distance between the spraying position of water drops on the nozzle and the upper surface of the slope model. The width W of the bank model is a width in a direction perpendicular to the nozzle row direction.
And 4, determining the arrangement of the nozzles in the column direction of the model box:
firstly, adjusting the distance between a row of nozzles closest to the side wall of the model box above the top part of the slope and the side wall of the model box, so that the spray coverage range formed by spraying the nozzles to the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzles can contact the side wall of the model box;
traversing each adjacent row of nozzles from a row of nozzles closest to the side wall of the model box above the top part of the slope to a row of nozzles closest to the side wall of the model box above the toe part of the slope, so that the spray rain of the nozzles in the next row and the nozzles in the previous row is in an optimal length overlapping state on the model box in the length direction;
and the displacement of each nozzle from the initial condition moving along the mold box length direction is used as the length direction offset delta of the nozzle 2 ；
δ＝δ 1 +δ 2
and 6, mounting each nozzle to the respective circular disc body according to the total offset vector delta, specifically, adjusting the circumferential arrangement of the circular disc body, mounting the nozzles to one of the closest similar-spiral-shaped distributed internal thread holes of the corresponding circular disc body through straight water pipes, and blocking the residual similar-spiral-shaped distributed internal thread holes by using threaded plugs.
In the step 3, the installation height H of the nozzle is adjusted by adjusting the axial length of the straight water rod. The distance between every two nozzles in the same row is fixed as D.
The optimal width overlapping state means that the following conditions are satisfied between any two adjacent nozzles in the same row direction:
for the normal gravity working condition and any supergravity working condition, the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzle is always a plane when the slope top position is calculated, so the shape of the coverage area of the nozzle is always circular.
The spray coverage formed by spraying a plurality of nozzles in the same row direction to the upper surface of the side slope model right below the nozzles is the same, and the overlapping length l of the adjacent circular coverage ranges h The following conditions are satisfied:
by combining the distance between any two adjacent nozzles in the same row and the width of the side slope model, the radial dimension of the radius of the circular spray coverage range formed by spraying each nozzle to the upper surface of the side slope model right below the nozzle in the width direction of the model box meets the following relationship:
wherein l h The overlapping length of adjacent circular coverage ranges in the row direction is shown, r represents the radial size of a spray coverage range formed on the upper surface of the slope model positioned right below the spray nozzles in the width direction of the model box, D represents the distance between any two adjacent spray nozzles in the same row, and W represents the width of the slope model.
The optimal length overlapping state means that the following conditions are satisfied between any two adjacent nozzles in the same column direction:
the first condition is as follows: when the upper surface of the slope model right below the spray nozzle of the rainfall simulation device part is a plane: the spray coverage is now circular.
According to the radius R of the spray coverage determined in the row direction, the overlapping length l of the spray coverage formed by spraying each spray nozzle on the upper surface of the slope model under the spray nozzle on the same row l The following relationship is satisfied:
wherein l l Representing the weight of adjacent circular coverage in the column directionThe stacking length R represents the radial dimension of the spray coverage formed by the upper surface of the slope model directly below the nozzle determined by the optimal width overlapping state;
case two: when the upper surface of the slope model right below the spray nozzle of the rainfall simulation device part is an inclined plane: the spray coverage is now elliptical or nearly oblique elliptical.
According to the nozzle installation height H determined in the step 3, calculating the horizontal plane projection profile of the spray coverage range on the inclined plane under the test working condition by using a formula, and spraying the spray coverage range overlapped area S formed by spraying adjacent nozzles on the same row to the upper surface of the side slope model right below the adjacent nozzles on the same row c The following relationship is satisfied:
0.15S＜S c ＜0.3S
wherein S represents the projection area of the spray coverage on the inclined plane on the horizontal plane under the test working condition when the nozzle mounting height H is higher, and S c The overlapping area of the projection of the spray coverage range formed by spraying two adjacent nozzles on the same row onto the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzles on the horizontal plane is represented;
case three: when the upper surface of the slope model right below the spray nozzle of the rainfall simulation device part is the interface between the plane and the inclined plane: at this time, the spray coverage range has three conditions, namely, the spray coverage range is completely positioned on a plane, completely positioned on an inclined plane, and partially positioned on the plane and partially positioned on the inclined plane, and the corresponding nozzle coverage ranges are respectively in a circular shape, an oval shape or an approximately oblique oval shape, and a combined graph of the circular shape and the oval shape or the approximately oval shape.
According to the nozzle installation height H determined in the step 3, calculating the horizontal plane projection profile of the adjacent spray coverage range under the test working condition by using a formula, and spraying the adjacent nozzles on the same row on the interface to the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzle to form a spray coverage range overlapping area S c The following relationship is satisfied:
wherein，
The average projected area on the horizontal plane of two adjacent spray coverage areas on the interface under the test condition when the nozzle mounting height H is expressed, S c The overlapping area of the projection of the spray coverage range formed by spraying two adjacent nozzles on the same row onto the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzles on the horizontal plane is shown.
The method of the invention considers the influence of the nozzle spacing and the slope model size to carry out processing setting.
In the step 6, the spiral-like distributed internal thread holes with the radial distance closest to the total offset vector δ are firstly searched on the circular disc body, that is, the difference between the radial distance from the spiral-like distributed internal thread hole to the central internal thread hole and the total offset vector δ is the smallest of all the spiral-like distributed internal thread holes. The circular disk is then rotated so that the radial direction between the closest thread-like distributed internal threaded hole and the central threaded hole is maintained coincident with the direction of the total offset vector δ.
In specific implementation, the peripheral internal thread hole which corresponds to the peripheral internal thread hole closest to the pitch of the central internal thread hole and the total offset vector delta value is selected as an installation internal thread hole, a nozzle is installed at the installation internal thread hole, and then the fixed angle of the circular tray body is adjusted, so that the direction vector of the connection line of the nozzle and the central internal thread hole is closest to the direction of the total offset vector.
And when the nozzle is arranged along the heaven-earth direction and the tangential direction under the condition of the hypergravity, determining the spray coverage range of the nozzle according to the drawn hypergravity value g, the installation height H of the nozzle and the spray angle theta of the spray emitted by the nozzle.
And raindrops deflected by the Coriolis force can drive the raindrops ejected by the nozzle to deflect along the direction of a cross vector of a raindrop velocity vector and a rotation angular velocity vector of the hypergravity centrifugal machine.
In both the zenith and tangential placement of the hypergravity condition, the spray coverage is determined according to the following formula:
in the formula: x ', y ', z ' denote the coordinates of a point on the contour of the spray coverage in the x, y, z directions, respectively, F x 、F y 、F z The external forces of the single raindrop in the directions of x, y and z are respectively, m is the mass of the single raindrop, omega is the rotation angular velocity of the supergravity centrifuge,
the initial velocities R of the single raindrop ejected along the ejection angle theta under the same rotation around the x axis in the x, y and z directions 0 The distance between the nozzle and a rotating shaft of the supergravity centrifugal machine is represented as t, the time required for raindrops to fall to a slope surface is represented as t, and the mounting height of the nozzle is represented as H; the z direction is along the rotating shaft direction of the hypergravity centrifuge, the x direction is along the rotating arm direction of the hypergravity centrifuge, and the y direction is vertical to the x direction and the z direction.
The invention can be used for flexibly adjusting the position of the spray nozzle of the rainfall simulation device and has great value for improving the uniformity and the accuracy of rainfall simulation. The invention provides a plurality of adjusting methods, which are suitable for various working conditions, can be suitable for different side slope model sizes, and can also be used for correcting the Coriolis force influence under the supergravity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can be used for flexibly adjusting the position of the spray nozzle of the rainfall simulation device and has great value for improving the uniformity and the accuracy of rainfall simulation.
2. The disk body adopts the internal thread hole of class spiral form and regular polygon fixed thread hole fixed nozzle and roof, changes the nozzle position and only needs to twist off the screw rotatory disk body angle and tighten again, the assembly and disassembly of being convenient for.
3. The invention provides a plurality of adjusting methods, which are suitable for various working conditions, can be used for adapting to different side slope model sizes and can also be used for correcting the influence of Coriolis force under the supergravity condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view from below of an adjustment dial;
FIG. 2 is an isometric top view of the adjustment dial;
FIG. 3 is a lower half-sectional isometric view of the conditioning disk;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view in half section of the upper portion of the conditioning disk;
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a top plate of the vented mold box;
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of an adjustment disk, top plate, and threaded plug assembly;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a mold box integrity test setup;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the top-to-bottom and tangential placement of the mold boxes on the centrifuge basket;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of calculated coordinates of the model box for the heaven-earth arrangement of raindrops deflection;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a model box tangentially arranged raindrop deflection calculation coordinate;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the optimal overlap condition when the spray coverage is circular;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a mold box with a sky-ground raindrop trajectory under high gravity;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of raindrop trajectories of a supergravity lower model box in tangential arrangement and a slope model in a deviation arrangement;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of raindrop trajectories in a supergravity mode with a tangential arrangement of model boxes and a reverse-biased arrangement of slope models;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal projection of typical coverage area profiles of different model box arrangements (sky-earth direction, tangential direction), slope model arrangements (tangential forward deviation, tangential reverse deviation) and different slope model positions (horizontal plane, inclined plane) under a supergravity working condition.
In the figure: 1. a central internally threaded bore; 2. a peripheral internally threaded bore; 3. fixing the internal thread hole; 4. a threaded hole in the side wall; 5. a large-size threaded plug; 6. a disk body fixing screw; 7. a small-size threaded plug; 8. a through-hole channel; 9. a water inlet threaded hole of the top plate; 10. the top plate disc body is fixed with a threaded hole; 11. a straight water rod; 12. an atomizing nozzle.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and implementation steps.
As shown in fig. 7, soil to be tested is arranged at the bottom in the model box, the device part comprises a circular tray body arranged in the model box and a perforated model box top plate, a straight water rod 11 is connected below the circular tray body through threads, and an atomizing nozzle 12 is connected to the tail end of the straight water rod 11 through threads; the circular tray body and the top plate of the opening model box are positioned above the soil body to be tested.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, a plurality of circular plate bodies are arranged on the bottom surface of the top plate of the opening model box, each circular plate body is provided with a plurality of similar-spiral-shaped distributed internal thread holes 1 and 2, the similar-spiral-shaped distributed internal thread holes 1 and 2 are divided into a central internal thread hole 1 positioned at the center and a plurality of peripheral internal thread holes 2 positioned around the central internal thread hole, the plurality of peripheral internal thread holes are sequentially arranged at intervals along a similar spiral line around the central internal thread hole, and the included angle between the circle centers of two adjacent peripheral internal thread holes along the circumference is 45 degrees, namely the plurality of peripheral internal thread holes are distributed along the similar spiral line, so that the hole distances from the central internal thread hole to the peripheral internal thread holes sequentially form an equal-difference array from the center to the outside. Every peripheral internal thread hole all communicates through the inside passageway of circular disk body and central threaded hole, and central internal thread hole and outside water source communicate.
One of the central internal thread hole and the peripheral internal thread hole is connected with the upper end of the straight water rod, the upper end of the straight water rod is screwed into the internal thread hole through threads, and the lower end of the straight water rod is provided with a nozzle. And each circular disk body is provided with a nozzle through a straight water rod. And threaded plugs 5 are arranged at the central internal thread hole and the peripheral internal thread hole which are not connected with the straight water rod for plugging.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, threaded holes for matching with and installing circular trays are formed in the top plate of the opening model box, a top plate water inlet threaded hole 9 located at the center and a plurality of top plate tray body fixing threaded holes 10 located around a top plate water inlet threaded hole 8 are specifically arranged at each circular tray body installation position, the top plate water inlet threaded hole 9 is communicated with the center internal threaded holes of the circular tray bodies, the top plate tray body fixing threaded holes 10 are communicated with a water source through water pipes, and the number of the top plate tray body fixing threaded holes 10 is the same as the number of the fixing internal threaded holes 3.
The large-size threaded plug 5 and the small-size threaded plug 7 are used for plugging a threaded hole which is not accessed to the nozzle in the test process; the tray body is fixed on a top plate tray body fixing threaded hole 10 of a top plate of the model box through a tray body fixing screw 6; high-pressure water is connected into the disc body through the top plate water inlet threaded hole 9, flows in the disc body through the through hole channel 8, and flows out of the disc body through the spiral-like distributed internal threaded holes 1 and 2 which are only connected into the nozzle during an experiment.
A plurality of circular disc bodies arranged on the bottom surface of the top plate of the opening model box are arranged at intervals in an array, and the orientation and the position of the spiral-like distributed internal thread holes 1 and 2 of the straight water rods 11 and the nozzles 12 connected to each circular disc body are the same on the circular disc bodies.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a radial through hole channel 8 is formed in the circular tray body between each peripheral internal thread hole and the central internal thread hole, the inner end of the through hole channel is communicated with the central internal thread hole, the outer end of the through hole channel 8 penetrates through the peripheral side surface of the circular tray body to form a side wall internal thread hole 4, and a thread plug 7 is installed in the side wall internal thread hole 4 through threads. When a continuous water channel is built in the tray body, due to the limitation of a metal manufacturing mode, a hole channel as shown in figures 3 and 4 is drilled from the side wall, the tail end of the hole channel is threaded, and the continuous water channel is plugged by a threaded plug after the continuous water channel is manufactured.
As shown in fig. 1-4, only one central internal threaded hole 1 of the circular tray body vertically penetrates through the tray body, and the rest peripheral internal threaded holes 2 upwards penetrate through the lower side of the circular tray body to the through hole channel 8 and then are stopped.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the mold box may be placed in a vertical or tangential direction in the basket of the high-gravity centrifuge, with the bottom of the mold box being secured to the bottom of the basket of the high-gravity centrifuge. When the hypergravity centrifugal machine operates, the hanging basket rotates circumferentially at a high speed, and the straight water rod is parallel to the centrifugal force direction.
The examples of the invention are as follows:
As shown in fig. 7, the rainfall simulation device part is arranged at the top in the model box, and the soil body to be tested is arranged at the bottom in the model box to form a slope model rainfall simulation device part which is positioned above the soil body to be tested to form a slope model;
the slope model comprises a slope top part, a slope foot part and a slope surface part positioned between the slope top part and the slope foot part, the slope surface part is a slope part connected with the slope top part and the slope foot part, the slope top part is arranged on one side of the model box along the length direction, and the slope foot part is arranged on the other side of the model box along the length direction;
as shown in fig. 6 and 7, in the rainfall simulation device component, a plurality of circular disc bodies and only one nozzle thereon are arranged on the bottom surface of the top plate of the open pore model box in a row-column array interval arrangement, the row direction of the nozzle arrangement is along the width direction of the model box, and the column direction of the nozzle arrangement is along the length direction of the model box;
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 6 and 7, initially, each circular plate body is considered to be uniformly distributed at intervals on the bottom surface of the top plate of the opening mold box, and the nozzles 11 are installed at the central threaded holes 1 of the circular plate bodies through the respective straight water rods 10;
Aiming at each nozzle on each row of circular disk bodies, moving each nozzle along the height direction of a model box according to the width W of a slope model, the width-to-width distance D between adjacent nozzles and the spray angle theta of spray emitted by the nozzle, adjusting and setting the installation height H of each nozzle in the same row so that the spray rain of each nozzle in the same row is in the optimal width overlapping state in the width direction of the slope model as shown in FIG. 11, calculating the distance between adjacent nozzles in a spray coverage range offset row under the installation height to be constantly equal to D by using a formula, and taking the component of the offset in the width direction of the model box as the offset delta of each nozzle in the width direction of the model box from the initial condition 1 ；
The mounting height H of the nozzle is the vertical distance between the spraying position of water drops on the nozzle and the upper surface of the slope model. The width W of the bank model is a width in a direction perpendicular to the nozzle row direction.
And 4, determining the arrangement of the nozzles in the column direction of the model box:
firstly, adjusting the distance between a row of nozzles closest to the side wall of the model box above the top part of the slope and the side wall of the model box, so that the spray coverage range formed by spraying the nozzles to the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzles can contact the side wall of the model box;
traversing each adjacent row of nozzles from a row of nozzles closest to the side wall of the model box above the top part of the slope to a row of nozzles closest to the side wall of the model box above the toe part of the slope, so that the spray rain of the nozzles in the next row and the nozzles in the previous row is in an optimal length overlapping state on the model box in the length direction;
in fig. 12, 13, and 14, the nozzle pitch adjustment in the mold box row direction is performed from right to left.
And the displacement of each nozzle starting from the initial central position condition and moving along the length direction of the model box is taken as the length direction offset delta of the nozzle 2 ；
δ＝δ 1 +δ 2
and 6, mounting each nozzle to each circular disc body according to the total offset vector delta, specifically adjusting the circumferential arrangement of the circular disc bodies, mounting the nozzles to one closest similar-spiral-shaped distribution internal thread hole (1) of the corresponding circular disc body through a straight water pipe, and blocking the residual similar-spiral-shaped distribution internal thread holes (1) by using a thread plug.
In the step 3, the installation height H of the nozzle is adjusted by adjusting the axial length of the straight water rod. The distance between every two nozzles in the same row is fixed as D.
As shown in fig. 11, the optimum width overlapping state means that the following condition is satisfied between any two adjacent nozzles in the same row direction:
for the normal gravity working condition and any supergravity working condition, the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzle is always a plane when the slope top position is calculated, so the shape of the coverage area of the nozzle is always circular.
The spray coverage formed by spraying a plurality of nozzles in the same row direction to the upper surface of the side slope model right below the nozzles is the same, and the overlapping length l of the adjacent circular coverage ranges h The following conditions are satisfied:
by combining the distance D between any two adjacent nozzles on the same row and the width W of the slope model, the radius of the coverage area of the circular spray formed by spraying each nozzle to the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzle meets the following relation:
wherein l h The overlapping length of adjacent circular coverage ranges in the row direction is represented, r represents the radial size of a spray coverage range formed on the upper surface of a slope model positioned right below a nozzle, D represents the distance between any two adjacent nozzles in the same row, and W represents the width of the slope model;
the optimal length overlapping state means that the following conditions are satisfied between any two adjacent nozzles in the same column direction: the shape of the top surface of the slope model described below refers specifically to fig. 12, 13, 14.
The first condition is as follows: when the upper surface of the slope model right below the spray nozzle of the rainfall simulation device part is a plane: the spray coverage is now circular, as in fig. 15.
According to the radius R of the spray coverage determined in the row direction, the overlapping length l of the spray coverage formed by spraying each spray nozzle on the upper surface of the slope model under the spray nozzle on the same row l The following relationship is satisfied:
wherein l l The overlap length of adjacent circular coverage in the column direction is shown, and R represents the radial dimension of the spray coverage formed by the upper surface of the slope model directly below the nozzle itself, as determined by the optimum width overlap condition.
Case two: when the upper surface of the slope model right below the spray nozzle of the rainfall simulation device part is an inclined plane: the spray coverage is now elliptical or nearly oblique elliptical, as shown in fig. 15.
And (4) calculating the horizontal plane projection profile of the spray coverage range on the inclined plane under the test working condition by using a formula according to the nozzle mounting height H determined in the step (3). The overlapping area S of the spray coverage formed by spraying adjacent nozzles on the same row to the upper surface of the side slope model right below the nozzles c The following relationship is satisfied:
0.15S＜S c ＜0.3S；
wherein S represents the projection area of the spray coverage on the inclined plane on the horizontal plane under the test working condition when the nozzle mounting height H is higher, and S c The overlapping area of the projection of the spray coverage range formed by spraying two adjacent nozzles on the same row onto the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzles on the horizontal plane is shown.
Case three: when the upper surface of the slope model right below the spray nozzle of the rainfall simulation device part is the interface between the plane and the inclined plane: in this case, the spray coverage is completely in the plane, completely in the inclined plane, partially in the plane and partially in the inclined plane, and the corresponding nozzle coverage is respectively in a circular shape, an oval shape or an approximately inclined oval shape, or a combination of a circular shape and an oval shape or an approximately oval shape, as shown in fig. 12, 13, 14 and 15.
And (4) calculating the horizontal plane projection profile of the coverage area of the adjacent sprays under the test working condition by using a formula according to the nozzle mounting height H determined in the step (3). The overlapping area S of the spray coverage range formed by spraying adjacent nozzles on the same row on the interface to the upper surface of the slope model right below the adjacent nozzles c The following relationship is satisfied:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the average projected area on the horizontal plane of two adjacent spray coverage areas on the interface under the test condition when the nozzle mounting height H is expressed, S c The overlapping area of the projection of the spray coverage range formed by spraying two adjacent nozzles on the same row onto the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzles on the horizontal plane is shown.
in the formula: x ', y ', z ' denote the coordinates of a point on the contour of the spray coverage in the x, y, z directions, respectively, F x 、F y 、F z Respectively a single raindrop in the x, y and z directionsThe external force is applied, m is the mass of a single raindrop, omega is the rotation angular velocity of the hypergravity centrifuge,
the initial velocities R of the single raindrop ejected along the ejection angle theta under the same rotation around the x axis in the x, y and z directions 0 The distance between the nozzle and a rotating shaft of the supergravity centrifugal machine is represented as t, the time required for raindrops to fall to a slope surface is represented as t, and the mounting height of the nozzle is represented as H; the z direction is along the rotating shaft direction of the hypergravity centrifuge, the x direction is along the rotating arm direction of the hypergravity centrifuge, and the y direction is vertical to the x direction and the z direction.
When the formula is adopted for calculation, the specific meanings of the three directions of x, y and z are changed along with the arrangement mode of the model box, and the method is divided into a space-to-ground arrangement mode and a tangential arrangement mode, and the schematic diagrams of the two arrangement modes are shown in FIG. 8. When the heaven-earth arrangement is adopted, a specific calculation coordinate system is shown in fig. 9; with the tangential arrangement, the specific calculated coordinate system is shown in FIG. 10. A schematic horizontal projection of a typical spray coverage profile for the two arrangements under different hypergravity conditions is shown in fig. 15.
The process of adjusting the angle of the disc body in step 6 of the above embodiment is more specifically as follows:
1. selecting a peripheral internal thread hole which is closest to the corresponding hole distance between the peripheral internal thread hole and the central internal thread hole and the total offset vector delta value as an installation internal thread hole, and installing a nozzle at the installation internal thread hole;
2. adjusting the fixed angle of the circular disc body to enable the direction vector of the connecting line of the nozzle and the central internal threaded hole to be closest to the direction of the total offset vector;
3. the internal thread and the internal thread of the top plate are fixed by aligning the disc body, and the screws are screwed up for fixation.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rainfall simulation adjusting method applied to a rainfall simulation device component is characterized in that:
the rainfall simulation adjusting method adopts rainfall simulation device components which comprise a circular tray body arranged in a model box and an open pore model box top plate; the opening model box top plate is fixed on the inner top surface of the model box, a plurality of circular disc bodies are arranged on the bottom surface of the opening model box top plate, a plurality of similar-spiral-shaped distributed internal thread holes (1 and 2) are formed in each circular disc body, the similar-spiral-shaped distributed internal thread holes (1 and 2) are divided into a center through internal thread hole (1) located in the center and a plurality of non-through peripheral internal thread holes (2) located around the center internal thread hole, the peripheral internal thread holes are sequentially arranged at intervals along similar spirals around the center internal thread hole, the included angle between the circle centers of two adjacent peripheral internal thread holes along the circumference is 45 degrees, each peripheral internal thread hole is communicated with the center internal thread hole through a channel in each circular disc body, and the center internal thread hole is communicated with a water source; one of the central internal thread hole and the peripheral internal thread hole is connected with the upper end of the straight water rod, and the lower end of the straight water rod is provided with a nozzle;
the rainfall simulation device component adjusting method comprises the following steps:
step 1,
Arranging the rainfall simulation device part at the top in the model box, and arranging a soil body to be tested at the bottom in the model box to form a slope model;
the slope model comprises a slope top part and a slope foot part, and a slope part is positioned between the slope top part and the slope foot part, the slope top part is arranged on one side of the model box along the length direction, and the slope foot part is arranged on the other side of the model box along the length direction;
in the rainfall simulation device component, a plurality of circular disc bodies and nozzles thereon are arranged on the bottom surface of a top plate of an open pore model box in a row-column array interval arrangement, the row direction of the nozzle arrangement is along the width direction of the model box, and the column direction of the nozzle arrangement is along the length direction of the model box;
step 2,
Under the initial condition, all the circular disc bodies are uniformly distributed at intervals on the bottom surface of the top plate of the opening model box, and the nozzles are arranged at the central internal thread holes of the circular disc bodies;
step 3,
Aiming at each nozzle on each row of circular disc bodies, moving each nozzle along the height direction of a model box according to the width W of a side slope model, the width-to-width distance D between adjacent nozzles and the spray angle theta of spray emitted by the nozzle, adjusting and setting the installation height H of each nozzle in the same row to ensure that the spray of each nozzle in the same row to the side slope model is in an optimal width overlapping state in the width direction, calculating the offset of the spray coverage range under the installation height by using a formula, and taking the component of the offset in the width direction of the model box as the offset delta of each nozzle along the width direction of the model box 1 ；
Step 4,
Firstly, adjusting the distance between a row of nozzles closest to the side wall of the model box above the top part of the slope and the side wall of the model box, so that the spray coverage range formed by spraying the nozzles to the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzles can contact the side wall of the model box;
traversing each adjacent row of nozzles from a row of nozzles closest to the side wall of the model box above the top portion of the slope to a row of nozzles closest to the side wall of the model box above the toe portion of the slope, so that the spray from the nozzles in the next row and the nozzles in the previous row to the slope model is in an optimal length overlapping state in the length direction of the model box;
and the displacement of each nozzle moving along the length direction of the model box is used as the length direction offset delta of the nozzle 2 ；
Step 5, according to the width direction offset delta of each nozzle 1 And a longitudinal offset δ 2 The total offset vector δ for this nozzle is calculated by addition:
δ＝δ 1 +δ 2
and 6, installing each nozzle to the respective circular disk body according to the total offset vector delta, specifically adjusting the circumferential arrangement of the circular disk body, installing the nozzles to one of the closest similar-spiral-distribution internal thread holes (1, 2) of the corresponding circular disk body through a straight water pipe, and blocking the rest similar-spiral-distribution internal thread holes (1, 2) by using a threaded plug.
2. A rainfall simulation method applied to a rainfall simulation device member according to claim 1, wherein: radial through hole channels (8) are formed in the circular tray body between each peripheral internal thread hole and the central threaded hole, the outer ends of the through hole channels (8) penetrate through the peripheral side face of the circular tray body to form side wall internal thread holes (4), and thread installation thread plugs (7) are arranged in the side wall internal thread holes (4).
3. A rainfall simulation method applied to a rainfall simulation device member according to claim 1, wherein: the tapping model box is characterized in that a threaded hole used for being matched with and installing a circular disk body is formed in a top plate of the tapping model box, a top plate water inlet threaded hole (9) located at the center and a plurality of top plate disk body fixing threaded holes (10) located around the top plate water inlet threaded hole (9) are formed in the installation position of each circular disk body, and the top plate water inlet threaded hole (9) is communicated with a central internal threaded hole of the circular disk body.
4. A rainfall simulation method applied to a rainfall simulation device member according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of circular disk bodies arranged on the bottom surface of the top plate of the opening model box are arranged at intervals in a row-column array, and the orientation and the position of the internal thread holes (1 and 2) which are distributed like spirals and connected with the straight water rods (11) and the nozzles (12) on each circular disk body are the same.
5. A rainfall simulation method applied to a rainfall simulation device member according to claim 1, wherein: soil bodies to be tested are arranged at the bottom in the model box, and the circular tray body and the top plate of the opening model box are positioned above the soil bodies to be tested.
6. A rainfall simulation method applied to a rainfall simulation device member according to claim 1, wherein: the optimal width overlapping state means that the following conditions are satisfied between any two adjacent nozzles in the same row direction:
the spray coverage formed by spraying a plurality of nozzles in the same row direction to the upper surface of the side slope model right below the nozzles is the same, and the overlapping length l of the adjacent circular coverage ranges h The following conditions are satisfied:
by combining the distance between any two adjacent nozzles in the same row and the width of the slope model, the radius of the coverage area of the circular spray formed by spraying each nozzle to the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzle meets the following relation:
wherein l h The overlapping length of adjacent circular coverage ranges in the row direction is shown, r represents the radial size of a spray coverage range formed on the upper surface of a slope model positioned right below the nozzles, D represents the distance between any two adjacent nozzles in the same row, and W represents the width of the slope model.
7. A rainfall simulation method applied to a rainfall simulation device member according to claim 1, wherein: the optimal length overlapping state means that the following conditions are satisfied between any two adjacent nozzles in the same column direction:
the first condition is as follows: when the upper surface of the slope model right below the spray nozzle of the rainfall simulation device part is a plane:
according to the in-line directionThe radius R of the coverage area of the spray is determined, and the overlapping length l of the coverage area of the spray formed by spraying each nozzle on the same row to the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzle on the same row l The following relationship is satisfied:
wherein l l The overlapping length of adjacent circular coverage ranges in the column direction is represented, and R represents the radial size of the radius of a spray coverage range formed by the upper surface of a slope model positioned right below the nozzle determined by the optimal width overlapping state;
case two: when the upper surface of the slope model right below the spray nozzle of the rainfall simulation device part is an inclined plane:
according to the nozzle installation height H determined in the step 3, calculating the horizontal plane projection profile of the spray coverage area on the inclined plane under the test working condition by using a formula, and forming a spray coverage overlapping area S by spraying adjacent nozzles on the same row to the upper surface of the side slope model right below the nozzles on the same row c The following relationship is satisfied:
0.15S＜S c ＜0.3S
wherein S represents the projection area of the spray coverage on the inclined plane on the horizontal plane under the test working condition when the nozzle mounting height H is measured, and S c The overlapping area of the projection of the spray coverage range formed by spraying two adjacent nozzles on the same row onto the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzles on the horizontal plane is represented;
case three: when the upper surface of the slope model right below the spray nozzle of the rainfall simulation device part is the interface between the plane and the inclined plane:
according to the nozzle installation height H determined in the step 3, calculating the horizontal plane projection profile of the adjacent spray coverage range under the test working condition by using a formula, and spraying the adjacent nozzles on the same row on the interface to the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzle to form a spray coverage range overlapping area S c The following relationship is satisfied:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the average projected area on the horizontal plane of two adjacent spray coverage areas on the interface under the test condition when the nozzle mounting height H is expressed, S c The overlapping area of the projection of the spray coverage range formed by spraying two adjacent nozzles on the same row onto the upper surface of the slope model right below the nozzles on the horizontal plane is shown.
8. A rainfall simulation method applied to a rainfall simulation device member according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 6, the spiral-like distributed internal thread holes (1) with the closest radial spacing and total offset vector delta are firstly searched on the circular disc body, and then the circular disc body is rotated, so that the radial direction between the spiral-like distributed internal thread holes (1) with the closest radial spacing and the central threaded hole is consistent with the direction of the total offset vector delta.
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