CN110057998A - A kind of rainy strong side slope rainfall simulator of hypergravity - Google Patents
A kind of rainy strong side slope rainfall simulator of hypergravity Download PDFInfo
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- CN110057998A CN110057998A CN201910274174.XA CN201910274174A CN110057998A CN 110057998 A CN110057998 A CN 110057998A CN 201910274174 A CN201910274174 A CN 201910274174A CN 110057998 A CN110057998 A CN 110057998A
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- nozzle
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- side slope
- hypergravity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The present invention relates to During Geotechnical Tests technologies, it is desirable to provide a kind of rainy strong side slope rainfall simulator of hypergravity.Including the model casing being mounted on hypergravity centrifuge, side slope model and rainfall system are equipped in model casing, the latter includes the several groups nozzle relative to side slope model surface arrangement；Every group of nozzle is made of air atomizer spray nozzle, round atomizer and rectangular atomizer, and three nozzles are laid out in such a way that its symmetrical centre is constituted triangle；Every kind of nozzle is respectively connected to three delivery pipe branches by its type, and electric control valve is equipped on each delivery pipe branch.The present invention solves the problems, such as that rainfall intensity can not be adjusted on a large scale in existing hypergravity test, and has taken into account requirement of the hypergravity test to Raindrop diameter and Rainfall Homogeneity etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to During Geotechnical Tests technology, in particular to the rainfall of a variety of raininess of analog under a kind of Elevated Gravity
Device.
Background technique
Hypergravity test is important one of the research technique in geotechnical engineering field.Hypergravity test is revolved by centrifuge high speed
Change the line of production raw centrifugal force simulation hypergravity, using " reduced scale " and " when contracting " effect of hypergravity simulate in a short time the scale of construction compared with
Greatly, the geotechnical engineering disaster taken a long time has preferable similitude.Accurate control rainfall and rainfall are required during test
Uniformity, while requiring to realize a variety of raininess in primary test, for studying, light rain infiltration, moderate rain is infiltrated, heavy rain washes away
A variety of raininess combinations cause the process of slope deforming unstability.
Hypergravity rainer used at present generallys use a kind of rainfall nozzle, can only simulate the rain of certain raininess range
Condition is unable to satisfy the experiment demand of complicated condition of raining.In addition, raindrop landing is by corioliseffect, shadow under Elevated Gravity
It rings Rainfall Homogeneity to ring, and the urgent problem to be solved in hypergravity test.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues of knack of the present invention is to overcome deficiency in the prior art, provides a kind of rainy strong side slope of hypergravity
Rainfall simulator.
In order to solve the technical problem, solution of the invention is as follows:
A kind of rainy strong side slope rainfall simulator of hypergravity is provided, including the model being mounted on hypergravity centrifuge
Case, is equipped with side slope model and rainfall system in model casing, and the latter includes the several groups spray relative to side slope model surface arrangement
Mouth；Every group of nozzle is made of air atomizer spray nozzle, round atomizer and rectangular atomizer, and three nozzles are symmetrical with it
The mode that center constitutes triangle is laid out；Every kind of nozzle is respectively connected to three delivery pipe branches by its type, on each delivery pipe branch
Equipped with electric control valve.
In the present invention, the several groups nozzle is evenly arranged in model casing, and the spray regime of adjacent each group nozzle it
Between have overlapping intersection region；In same jetting height, overlapping region accounts for the 15~25% of each group nozzle coverage area.
In the present invention, the distance between each group nozzle and side slope model surface are consistent.
In the present invention, the nozzle is loaded on spray piping end, is connected to delivery pipe branch by it；Spray piping is perpendicular to side
The bottom edge of slope model and have telescoping mechanism, the distance between nozzle and side slope model surface can be adjusted.
In the present invention, the rainfall system includes the water delivery general pipeline for connecting each delivery pipe branch, is arranged three on water delivery general pipeline
Three-way electromagnetic valve, pressure reducing valve and rotary joint, rainfall system in model casing is by rotary joint on water delivery general pipeline and external supplies
Water pipe connects.
In the present invention, aqueduct is set, diversion tube end connects hydraulic pressure sensor before and after the pressure reducing valve.
In the present invention, the one outlet end of the three-way magnetic valve is connected to pressure relief pipe.
In the present invention, each group nozzle is constituted in a manner of square layout in simulation box.
Inventive principle description:
(1) simulation of a variety of rainfall intensities is realized
As shown in Figure 1, in centrifuge rotary course, establish with moving coordinate system: setting tangential as the direction x, suitable arm is to for the side y
To, the world to for the direction z, if the direction speed v and x/y plane angle are α when " raindrop " are sprayed from spray head, speed v is on x/y plane
Projection and x-axis angle be B.
In hypergravity centrifuge modelling environment, to meet law of similitude requirement, under the hypergravity of Ng, the partial size of raindrop model
Answer reduced scale be prototype 1/N, according under the conditions of different N values between prototype Raindrop diameter and model Raindrop diameter relationship calculating knot
The model Raindrop diameter range test result of the nozzle model analog of fruit and different model obtains Fig. 2 in multiple N value conditions
The relationship of lower different model nozzle analog Raindrop diameter range.
By taking air atomizer spray nozzle, round atomizer, rectangular atomizer as an example: from figure 2 it can be seen that every kind independent
Nozzle can not fully meet the equivalent of Raindrop diameter and rainfall intensity: air atomizer spray nozzle analog model Raindrop diameter range
It is 0-20 μm, round atomizer analog model Raindrop diameter range is 20-60 μm, rectangular atomizer analog model rain
Dripping particle size range is 60-100 μm.It should be according to specific test simulation operating condition (light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain) and test centrifugal acceleration feelings
Select suitable nozzle.If this experiment centrifugal acceleration be 100g, for simulation light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain, torrential rain rain condition, according to
Fig. 2 can be seen that should select air atomizer spray nozzle, air atomizer spray nozzle, round atomizer, round atomizer respectively.So
When nozzle sets are arranged, air atomizer spray nozzle, round atomizer and rectangular atomizer triangular arrangement are such as selected, in this way can
Rainfall state all under common hypergravity centrifugal acceleration is completely covered, achievees the effect that a variety of rainfall intensities of analog.
(2) influence of coriolis force
The particle to move along a straight line in rotating system has due to inertia and along original direction of motion continues to move
Trend；But since system itself is rotation, after it experienced the movement of a period of time, the position of particle is had in system
Changed, and the direction of its original movement tendency will occur a degree of if going to observe with the visual angle of rotating system
Deviate.According to the theory of Newtonian mechanics, using rotating system as reference system, the linear motion deviation original of this particle is directive to incline
To the effect for being summed up as an applied force, here it is Coriolis force (abbreviation coriolis forces).From the point of view of physics, section
Li Aolili as centrifugal force, not instead of in inertial system necessary being power, effect of inertia is in noninertial system
It embodies.
The calculation formula of coriolis force are as follows:
F=-2m ω × v '
Wherein, middle F is coriolis force；M is the quality of particle；V ' is the movement velocity (arrow relative to rotation reference system particle
Amount)；ω is the angular speed (vector) of rotating system；In centrifuge modelling environment, coriolis force is under raindrop during rainfall simulation
The process fallen has very big influence.According to above-mentioned theory, under the effect of hypergravity centrifuge, spray head can generate such as Fig. 3 institute
(different circles respectively represents the spraying model under 100g, 50g, 20g and normal gravity to the class ellipse coverage area shown from large to small
It encloses).As seen from the figure, with the increase of coriolis force, rainfall range " can elongate " in the x-direction, and the degree elongated increases with N
And increase, so Ying Jinliang avoids coriolis force bring from influencing under real experimental condition.
(3) Rainfall Homogeneity
For the uniformity for guaranteeing rainfall, certain overlay region should be set between two nozzles, according to experimental data, overlay region
Range is generally 20% or so.
For example, model casing length is 2m, width 1.1m, the overlap length of width direction is set as 0.11m, in width direction
3 groups of nozzles are set, then under the conditions of 100g, are obtained according to drop running track analytical calculation, distance of the nozzle away from Model A terrestrial
It should be set as h=0.31.42m.Model casing overall length b=2m, for certain spraying overlay region is arranged, on model casing length direction
6 nozzles are set, then the spraying overlapping section length between two adjacent nozzles is 0.105m (0.228 × 15=3.42m, (3.42-
2.8)/14=0.044m), spraying overlay region accounting is 23.8% (0.105/0.44=23.8%).Can be had according to the above design
Effect guarantees the uniformity of rainfall.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention solves the problems, such as that rainfall intensity can not be adjusted on a large scale in existing hypergravity test, and has taken into account super
Requirement of the gravity test to Raindrop diameter and Rainfall Homogeneity etc..The present apparatus passes through bleed type, the cloth reset
Set nozzle location, setting nozzle overlapped coverage area reaches with a variety of rainfalls such as simulation light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain in primary test
Intensity and the purpose for improving Rainfall Homogeneity；According to coriolis force under different hypergravities to the influence degree of raindrop, adjust nozzle with
The distance of slope surface is influenced with reducing coriolis force, improves Rainfall Homogeneity.
2, the present invention, can be super using the airborne device for being equipped on hypergravity centrifuge and working under Elevated Gravity
The rainfall of a variety of raininess of gravity environment Imitating discloses the cause calamity machine of rainfall and the effect of slope soil stream solid-liquid coupling under hypergravity
Reason.
3, the present invention is long by changing nozzle arrangement mode, adjusting nozzle according to side slope shape based on Elevated Gravity
Certain overlapping zone of intersection is arranged for nozzle for degree, so that it be made to reach the mesh for simulating a variety of rainfall intensities under Elevated Gravity
, and guarantee Rainfall Homogeneity to the full extent.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is rainfall spray system arrangement schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that different type nozzle Raindrop diameter corresponds to prototype size under different g values；
Fig. 3 is spread of spray top view of the single-nozzle in xz plane under different g values；
Fig. 4 is experimental provision front view in embodiment.
Fig. 5 is experimental provision top view in embodiment.
Fig. 6 is nozzle sets arrangement mode front view and top view.
Fig. 7 is rainfall system schematic.
Fig. 8 width direction arrangement of nozzles schematic diagram.
Appended drawing reference in figure are as follows: 1 model casing；2 side slope models；3 air atomizer spray nozzles；4 round atomizers；5 is rectangular
Atomizer；6 rainfall systems；7 rotary joints；8 pressure reducing valves；9 three-way magnetic valves；10 hydraulic pressure sensors；11 nozzles；Spray piping
3-1、4-1、5-1。
Specific embodiment
The rainy strong side slope rainfall simulator of hypergravity in the present invention, including the model being mounted on hypergravity centrifuge
Case 1 is equipped with side slope model 2 and rainfall system 6 in model casing 1, and the latter includes relative to the several of 2 surface layout of side slope model
Group nozzle 11.As shown in fig. 6, every group of nozzle 11 is by air atomizer spray nozzle 3, round atomizer 4 and 5 groups of rectangular atomizer
At, and three nozzles are laid out in such a way that its symmetrical centre is constituted triangle.Each nozzle sets are strong by 3 analog difference rainfalls
The nozzle of degree is arranged to make up by triangular layout mode, is able to achieve the effect in different hypergravity Imitating difference rainfall intensities,
Reduce the rainfall under full-scale condition.Each group nozzle in simulation box can there are many in layout type, such as Fig. 5 just
Square layout's mode (arranges 3 along model casing width direction, arrange 6 along model casing length direction).Every kind of nozzle 11 presses it
Type is respectively connected to three delivery pipe branches, and electric control valve is equipped on each delivery pipe branch.
To avoid the influence that coriolis force generates raindrop under Elevated Gravity, keeps raindrop height of drop identical, guarantee each spray
Mouth raindrop coverage area is consistent, improves the accuracy of Rainfall Homogeneity and experiment.Each group nozzle 11 and side slope are designed in the present invention
The distance between the surface of model 2 is consistent (such as Fig. 4).For example, by nozzle 11 loaded on rainfall system 6 spray piping 3-1,
The end (signal on the left of such as Fig. 6) of 4-1,5-1, are connected to each delivery pipe branch by it.Bottom of the spray piping perpendicular to side slope model 2
Side and have telescoping mechanism, the distance between nozzle 11 and 2 surface of side slope model can be adjusted.
Each group nozzle 11 is evenly arranged in model casing 2, and has overlapping between the spray regime of adjacent each group nozzle 11
Intersection region；In same jetting height, overlapping region accounts for 11 coverage area 15~25% of each group nozzle.After tested, work as overlapping
When intersection region accounts for about 20% or so of nozzle coverage area, the uniformity of rainfall simulation can be made to reach 90% or more.
As shown in fig. 7, rainfall system 6 includes connecting the water delivery general pipeline of each delivery pipe branch (for installing the spray of nozzle 11
Pipeline is connected to water delivery general pipeline by respective delivery pipe branch respectively), three-way magnetic valve 9, pressure reducing valve 8 and rotation are set on water delivery general pipeline
Adapter 7, the rainfall system 6 in model casing 2 are connected by the rotary joint 7 on water delivery general pipeline with external fluid delivery conduit.It is depressurizing
Aqueduct is respectively set before and after valve 8, diversion tube end connects hydraulic pressure sensor 10.The one outlet end of three-way magnetic valve 9 connects
To pressure relief pipe.
The application method example of device:
Firstly, installing each component by aforementioned connection type.Before the starting of hypergravity centrifuge, three-way magnetic valve 9 is not powered on place
In being in off state.The water delivery general pipeline of rainfall system 6 is connected by rotary joint 7 with external fluid delivery conduit road, external fluid delivery conduit road
Settable filter is for filtering water body impurity, in order to avoid plug nozzle.Hydraulic pressure sensor 10 shows water pressure fluctuations in pipeline, centrifugation
It, can be by 10 real-time monitoring pipeline hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure sensor with the centrifugation increased variation of g value after machine Acceleration of starting angle value is stablized.It is logical
Rainer uniformity test result under hypergravity is crossed it is found that descaling line pressure can be anxious with the increase of g value under the action of the centrifugal force
Increase severely big, it can be by water pressure of the stable water pressure after test objective value, 10 real-time monitoring of hydraulic pressure sensor decompression by pressure reducing valve 8
Value.Nozzle opening and closing is controlled by closed type two-position three way magnetic valve 9, three-way magnetic valve 9 is opened when energization, forms rainfall；Power-off
When, three-way magnetic valve 9 is closed, and is remained in the water between three-way magnetic valve 9 and nozzle 11 in pipeline and is passed through connection three-way magnetic valve 9
Pressure relief pipe discharge, avoid its by nozzle 11 formed water clock, to model soil body surface formed impact.
Device in this example takes every group of nozzle with air atomizer spray nozzle 3, round atomizer 4, rectangular atomizer 5
Triangle close arrangement, when simulating different rain conditions, experimental result according to Fig.4, is opened on corresponding delivery pipe branch
Electric control valve adjusts hydraulic pressure to reach respective conditions.Such as under 50g environment, when simulating light rain, air atomizer spray nozzle 3 is opened,
And adjusting hydraulic pressure makes model raindrop diameter reach 10-20 microns；When simulating moderate rain, round atomizer 4 is opened, and adjust hydraulic pressure
Model raindrop diameter is set to reach 30-45 microns；When simulating heavy rain, round atomizer 4 is opened, and adjust hydraulic pressure to make model raindrop
Diameter reaches 45-60 microns；When simulating torrential rain, rectangular atomizer 5 is opened, and adjusting hydraulic pressure reaches model raindrop diameter
60 microns or more.In this way, just can achieve the effect that effectively to simulate different rain conditions in same set of equipment.
Meanwhile to reduce the effect of coriolis force, Rainfall Homogeneity is set to be guaranteed on entire 2 surface of side slope model, to every
The spray length of tube of group nozzle 11 is adjusted according to the actual situation, so that raindrop distance of fall is identical.It will be along model casing length
Nozzle sets on direction are respectively labeled as A, B, C, D, E, F.
According to calculating:
H=r × cot35 °=0.314m
In formula, r is that rainfall sprays range radius；Obtaining distance of fall h=0.314m is advisable.According to model casing parameter, side
The conditions such as slope model parameter, by adjusting the water supply length of tube after nozzle, so that nozzle sets A, B, C, D, E, F are to side slope model
Distance is h, thus eliminate under the influence of coriolis force because of dropping distance it is different caused by spray regime deviation, to reach injection
The uniform effect of coverage area.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of rainy strong side slope rainfall simulator of hypergravity, including the model casing being mounted on hypergravity centrifuge, in mould
Side slope model and rainfall system are equipped in molding box, the latter includes the several groups nozzle relative to side slope model surface arrangement；It is special
Sign is that every group of nozzle is made of air atomizer spray nozzle, round atomizer and rectangular atomizer, and three nozzles are with it
The mode that symmetrical centre constitutes triangle is laid out；Every kind of nozzle is respectively connected to three delivery pipe branches by its type, in each water delivery branch
Pipe is equipped with electric control valve.
2. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the several groups nozzle is evenly arranged in model casing, and
There is overlapping intersection region between the spray regime of adjacent each group nozzle；In same jetting height, overlapping region accounts for each group spray
The 15~25% of mouth coverage area.
3. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the distance between each group nozzle and side slope model surface are kept
Unanimously.
4. device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the nozzle is loaded on spray piping end, and is connect by it
To delivery pipe branch；Spray piping perpendicular to side slope model bottom edge and have telescoping mechanism, nozzle and side slope model can be adjusted
The distance between surface.
5. according to claim 1 to device described in 4 any one, which is characterized in that the rainfall system includes that connection is each
Three-way magnetic valve, pressure reducing valve and rotary joint, the rainfall in model casing is arranged in the water delivery general pipeline of delivery pipe branch on water delivery general pipeline
System is connected by the rotary joint on water delivery general pipeline with external fluid delivery conduit.
6. device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that aqueduct, diversion tube end are arranged before and after the pressure reducing valve
Connect hydraulic pressure sensor.
7. device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the one outlet end of the three-way magnetic valve is connected to pressure release
Pipeline.
8. device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that each group nozzle is in simulation box with square layout side
Formula is constituted.
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| CN201910274174.XA CN110057998A (en) | 2019-04-07 | 2019-04-07 | A kind of rainy strong side slope rainfall simulator of hypergravity |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113333203A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-03 | 浙江大学 | Rainfall simulation device component capable of adjusting nozzle position and adjusting method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113333203A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-03 | 浙江大学 | Rainfall simulation device component capable of adjusting nozzle position and adjusting method thereof |
| CN113333203B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-08-05 | 浙江大学 | Rainfall simulation device component capable of adjusting nozzle position and adjusting method thereof |
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