CN113333029B - 金属改性bea与卟啉配位的复合催化剂及其在环己烯选择性环氧化反应中的应用 - Google Patents

金属改性bea与卟啉配位的复合催化剂及其在环己烯选择性环氧化反应中的应用 Download PDF

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CN113333029B
CN113333029B CN202110727812.6A CN202110727812A CN113333029B CN 113333029 B CN113333029 B CN 113333029B CN 202110727812 A CN202110727812 A CN 202110727812A CN 113333029 B CN113333029 B CN 113333029B
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porphyrin
cyclohexene
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乔凯
张锴
李玉光
何伟
郭凯
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Nanjing Advanced Biomaterials And Process Equipment Research Institute Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种金属改性BEA与卟啉或金属卟啉配位的复合催化剂及其在环己烯选择性环氧化反应中的应用,所述复合催化剂主要由如下方法制得:制备卟啉;将制备的卟啉溶解,加入金属氯化物,回流反应,分离纯化后即得金属卟啉;BEA分子筛与浓硝酸加热回流,烘干后煅烧,通过液相掺入法或固态离子交换法加入金属有机物,煅烧,得BEA‑M;将BEA‑M与卟啉或金属卟啉混合,加热搅拌,干燥,即得BEA‑M‑卟啉或BEA‑M‑金属卟啉复合催化剂。本发明制备一种具有功能性的新型非均相催化剂,不仅使催化材料拥有优良的催化性能,同时通过调节与BEA‑M协同催化的催化剂中卟啉是否与金属配位,可以精准制备环氧环己烷或环己烯酮。

Description

金属改性BEA与卟啉配位的复合催化剂及其在环己烯选择性 环氧化反应中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂制备与应用领域,具体涉及一种金属改性BEA与卟啉配位的复合催化剂及其在环己烯选择性环氧化反应中的应用。
背景技术
烯烃的环氧化反应在有机合成中是一个非常重要的反应,环氧化合物中环氧环己烷作为一种小分子环氧化物,其环氧键非常活泼,能够发生水解、醇解、胺解等开环反应,常用于制备农药、增塑剂、阻燃剂、固化剂、涂料、染料以及一些医药中间体,是化工领域中非常重要的一个中间体,通常由环己烷或环己烯制备而得。
作为一种应用非常广泛的化学中间体,随着经济发展,人们对环氧环己烷的需求量也逐渐变大,如何高效环保的制备环氧环己烷成了目前需要突破的难点。目前制备环氧环己烷的方法很多,但工业上目前常用的制备工艺一直存在着能耗大、步骤繁琐、副反应多、收率低以及环境污染等问题,因此在环氧环己烷的制备方法及工艺上还需进一步去开发完善。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术环己烯氧化过程中能耗大、收率低及污染环境,且其氧化后存在环氧环己烷、环己烯酮、环己烯醇、环己二醇多种副产物等问题,本发明提供了一种金属改性BEA与卟啉配位的复合催化剂,以及利用该催化剂将环己烯选择性地氧化为环氧环己烷或环己烯酮的方法。通过BEA-M与卟啉或金属卟啉配位的协同催化作用,在条件优化的基础上,选择性地将环己烯氧化为环氧环己烷或环己烯酮。
技术方案:一种金属改性BEA与卟啉或金属卟啉配位的复合催化剂,所述复合催化剂主要由如下方法制得:
(1)制备卟啉;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的卟啉溶解,加入金属氯化物,回流反应,分离纯化后即得金属卟啉;
(3)BEA分子筛与浓硝酸加热回流,烘干后煅烧,通过液相掺入法或固态离子交换法加入金属有机物,煅烧,得BEA-M;
(4)将BEA-M与卟啉或金属卟啉混合,加热搅拌,干燥,即得BEA-M-卟啉或BEA-M-金属卟啉复合催化剂。
优选的,步骤(1)中,制备卟啉的方法如下:
将苯甲醛、对羟基苯甲醛及丙酸加热至回流,缓慢滴加吡咯的丙酸溶液,反应,重结晶,过滤、冲洗并分离纯化,即得卟啉。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述金属氯化物选自MnCl2、FeCl3、CuCl2或CoCl2;步骤(3)中,所述金属有机物选自TiCl4、NbCl5、ScCl3、VCl3、TaCl5、Zr(OEt)4或Hf(OEt)4;所述BEA-M与卟啉或金属卟啉的质量比为(1-10):1。
本发明还提供了所述的金属改性BEA与卟啉配位的复合催化剂作为环己烯选择性环氧化反应催化剂的应用。
一种将环己烯选择性地氧化为环氧环己烷的方法,包括如下步骤:
将环己烯、所述复合催化剂BEA-M-卟啉、氧化剂以及溶剂混合,加热搅拌反应,即得。
优选的,所述反应的温度为40-90℃,更优选60℃。反应时间为2-22h,更优选16h。
优选的,所述复合催化剂BEA-M-卟啉用量为环己烯质量的5-45%,更优选20%,其中M含量为复合催化剂总质量的10-30%。
优选的,所述氧化剂选自TBHP的葵烷溶液,与环己烯的摩尔当量之比为1-5,更优选2eq,溶剂选自乙腈。
一种将环己烯选择性地氧化为环己烯酮的方法,包括如下步骤:
将环己烯、所述复合催化剂BEA-M-金属卟啉、氧化剂以及溶剂混合,加热搅拌反应,即得。
优选的,所述反应的温度为20-100℃,更优选30℃。反应时间为2-22h,更优选16h。
优选的,所述复合催化剂BEA-M-金属卟啉的用量为环己烯质量的5-25%,更优选15%,其中M含量为复合催化剂总质量的25-50%。
优选的,所述氧化剂选自TBHP的葵烷溶液,与环己烯的摩尔当量之比为1-5,更优选2eq,溶剂选自乙腈。
利用上述催化剂将环己烯选择性地氧化为环氧环己烷或环己烯酮的具体合成路线如下:
同时,色谱结果显示,当BEA-M-卟啉催化氧化时反应的主产物为环氧环己烷,而当BEA-M-金属卟啉催化氧化时主产物则为环己烯酮。
本发明对BEA分子筛进行了金属改性,并通过金属将BEA-M与卟啉或金属卟啉配位,形成复合催化剂用于环己烯的环氧化。由于BEA分子筛是一个十二元环大孔分子筛,在立体结构上存在一个空腔,活性组分卟啉或金属卟啉能够进入空腔。在BEA分子筛的空腔中,活性组分卟啉或金属卟啉与底物环己烯结合,在BEA-M与卟啉或金属卟啉的协同催化作用下,进行选择性氧化。当BEA-M-卟啉催化氧化时反应的主产物为环氧环己烷,而当BEA-M-金属卟啉催化氧化时主产物则为环己烯酮。因此,本发明所得催化剂是具有功能性的新型非均相催化剂,不仅使催化材料拥有优良的催化性能,同时通过调节与BEA-M协同催化的催化剂中卟啉是否与金属配位,可以精准制备环氧环己烷或环己烯酮。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优势:
(1)本发明使用自制的金属掺杂BEA协同卟啉或金属卟啉催化剂催化反应,该催化剂制备简单,容易取出重复利用,比传统均相催化剂更绿色安全环保。
(2)本发明通过调节与BEA-M协同催化的催化剂中卟啉是否与金属配位,可以精准制备环氧环己烷或环己烯酮。
附图说明
图1为实施例2中产物的气相色谱图。
图2为实施例8中产物的气相色谱图。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。然而,本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。下述实施例中所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所述试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
实施例1:
(1)将苯甲醛、对羟基苯甲醛及适量丙酸加热至回流,缓慢滴加吡咯的丙酸溶液,反应一段时间,倒入大量无水乙醇至冰箱重结晶,过滤、冲洗并分离纯化,即得卟啉;
(2)将卟啉溶于DMF中加热搅拌,加入一定量的金属氯化物,持续搅拌回流,倒入大量冷纯净水中,萃取,分离纯化后即得金属卟啉;
(3)BEA分子筛与浓硝酸加热回流,烘干后煅烧,通过液相掺入法或固态离子交换法加入金属有机物,将混合物置于马弗炉内煅烧,得BEA-M;
(4)在反应瓶中依次加入一定量的BEA-M、卟啉或金属卟啉(BEA-M与卟啉或金属卟啉的质量比为4:1),用甲苯溶解后,在80℃下加热搅拌10h,反应液由紫色逐渐变为绿色。反应结束后,抽滤,并分别用甲苯、无水乙醇冲洗两遍,所得固体干燥后置于真空干燥箱中,即得复合催化剂BEA-M-卟啉、BEA-M-金属卟啉。
步骤(2)中,所述金属氯化物选自MnCl2、FeCl3、CuCl2或CoCl2;步骤(3)中,所述金属有机物选自TiCl4、NbCl5、ScCl3、VCl3、TaCl5、Zr(OEt)4、Hf(OEt)4。上述制备的复合催化剂用于以下实施例。
实施例2:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-Ti-卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的20%,Ti的含量为复合催化剂总质量的10%,60℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为52.1%,环己烯酮产率为13%,环氧环己烷选择性为79%。
实施例3:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-Nb-卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的20%,Nb的含量为复合催化剂总质量的10%,乙腈为溶剂,60℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为4.7%,环己烯酮产率为55.5%,环氧环己烷选择性为8%。
实施例4:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-Sc-卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的20%,Sc的含量为复合催化剂总质量的10%,乙腈为溶剂,60℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为9.5%,环己烯酮产率为38.5%,环氧环己烷选择性为20%。
实施例5:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-V-卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的20%,V的含量为复合催化剂总质量的10%,乙腈为溶剂,60℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为1.1%,环己烯酮产率为499%,环氧环己烷选择性为2%。
实施例6:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-Zr-卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的20%,Zr的含量为复合催化剂总质量的10%,乙腈为溶剂,60℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为6%,环己烯酮产率为52.2%,环氧环己烷选择性为10%。
实施例7:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-Ta-卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的20%,Ta的含量为复合催化剂总质量的10%,乙腈为溶剂,60℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为2%,环己烯酮产率为50.3%,环氧环己烷选择性为4%。
实施例8:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-Hf-卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的20%,Hf的含量为复合催化剂总质量的10%,乙腈为溶剂,60℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为7.4%,环己烯酮产率为55.4%,环氧环己烷选择性为12%。
实施例9:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,,以BEA-Ti-Mn卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的15%,Ti的含量为复合催化剂总质量的25%,乙腈为溶剂,30℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为8.9%,环己烯酮产率为70.8%,环己烯酮选择性为89%。
实施例10:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-Nb-Mn卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的15%,Nb的含量为复合催化剂总质量的25%,乙腈为溶剂,30℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为9.7%,环己烯酮产率为59.1%,环己烯酮选择性为86%。
实施例11:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-Sc-Mn卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的15%,Sc的含量为复合催化剂总质量的25%,乙腈为溶剂,30℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为8.1%,环己烯酮产率为57.6%,环己烯酮选择性为88%。
实施例12:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-V-Mn卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的15%,V的含量为复合催化剂总质量的25%,乙腈为溶剂,30℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为1.3%,环己烯酮产率为59.3%,环己烯酮选择性为98%。
实施例13:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-Zr-Mn卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的15%,Zr的含量为复合催化剂总质量的25%,乙腈为溶剂,30℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为4.4%,环己烯酮产率为57.2%,环己烯酮选择性为93%。
实施例14:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-Ta-Mn卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的15%,Ta的含量为复合催化剂总质量的25%,乙腈为溶剂,30℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为3.5%,环己烯酮产率为60.9%,环己烯酮选择性为95%。
实施例15:
该反应在耐压管中进行,投入一定量的环己烯,以乙腈为溶剂,TBHP的葵烷溶液为氧化剂,氧化剂用量为2eq,以BEA-Hf-Mn卟啉为催化剂,用量为环己烯质量的15%,Hf的含量为复合催化剂总质量的25%,乙腈为溶剂,30℃下置于油浴中加热搅拌反应16h,即得。反应结束离心取适量上层的母液稀释,利用气相色谱对产物进行定量分析。通过计算,环氧环己烷产率为2.8%,环己烯酮产率为60.7%,环己烯酮选择性为96%。
与单纯的BEA-M作催化剂相比,BEA-M-卟啉或BEA-M-金属卟啉的催化效果有明显提升。例如,BEA-Ti、BEA-Nb、BEA-Sc、BEA-V、BEA-Zr、BEA-Ta、BEA-Hf催化环己烯环氧化时,环氧环己烷产率分别为27.7%、3.3%、6.4%、0%、0%、0%、5.6%,环氧环己烷选择性分别是49%、7%、13%、0%、0%、0%、10%;而BEA-Ti+卟啉催化环己烯环氧化时,环氧环己烷产率分别为52.1%、4.7%、9.5%、1.1%、6%、2%、7.4%,环氧环己烷选择性分别是79%、8%、20%、2%、10%、4%、12%。BEA-Ti、BEA-Nb、BEA-Sc、BEA-V、BEA-Zr、BEA-Ta、BEA-Hf催化环己烯环氧化时,环己烯酮产率分别为28.7%、41.3%、43.8%、41.8%、37.3%、39.7%、48%,环己烯酮选择性分别是49%、7%、13%、0%、0%、0%、10%;而BEA-Ti+卟啉催化环己烯环氧化时,环己烯酮产率分别为70.8%、59.1%、57.6%、59.3%、57.2%、60.9%、60.7%,环己烯酮选择性分别是89%、86%、88%、98%、93%、95%、96%。具体数据如下表所示。
表1不同金属改性的BEA-M以及BEA-M与卟啉协同催化环己烯环氧化的结果比较
催化剂 环氧环己烷产率/% 环己烯酮产率/% 环氧环己烷选择性/%
BEA-Ti 27.7 28.7 49
BEA-Nb 3.3 41.3 7
BEA-Sc 6.4 43.8 13
BEA-V 0 41.8 0
BEA-Zr 0 37.3 0
BEA-Ta 0 39.7 0
BEA-Hf 5.6 48 10
BEA-Ti+卟啉 52.1 13 79
BEA-Nb+卟啉 4.7 55.5 8
BEA-Sc+卟啉 9.5 38.5 20
BEA-V+卟啉 1.1 49.9 2
BEA-Zr+卟啉 6 52.2 10
BEA-Ta+卟啉 2 50.3 4
BEA-Hf+卟啉 7.4 55.4 12
表2不同金属改性的BEA-M以及BEA-M与金属卟啉协同催化环己烯氧化的结果比较
本发明提供了一种思路及方法,具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (10)

1.一种金属改性BEA与卟啉或金属卟啉配位的复合催化剂,其特征在于,所述复合催化剂主要由如下方法制得:
(1)制备卟啉;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的卟啉溶解,加入MnCl2,回流反应,分离纯化后即得Mn卟啉;
(3)BEA分子筛与浓硝酸加热回流,烘干后煅烧,通过液相掺入法或固态离子交换法加入金属有机物,煅烧,得BEA-M;所述BEA-M选自BEA-Ti、BEA-Nb、BEA-Sc、BEA-V、BEA-Ta、BEA-Zr或BEA-Hf;
(4)将BEA-M与卟啉或Mn卟啉混合,加热搅拌,干燥,即得BEA-M-卟啉或BEA-M-Mn卟啉复合催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金属改性BEA与卟啉或金属卟啉配位的复合催化剂,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,制备卟啉的方法如下:
将苯甲醛、对羟基苯甲醛及丙酸加热至回流,缓慢滴加吡咯的丙酸溶液,反应,重结晶,过滤、冲洗并分离纯化,即得卟啉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的金属改性BEA与卟啉配位的复合催化剂,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述BEA-M与卟啉或Mn卟啉的质量比为(1-10):1。
4.权利要求1所述的金属改性BEA与卟啉或金属卟啉配位的复合催化剂作为环己烯选择性环氧化反应催化剂的应用。
5.一种将环己烯选择性地氧化为环氧环己烷的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将环己烯、权利要求1所得BEA-Ti-卟啉复合催化剂、氧化剂以及溶剂混合,加热搅拌反应,即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的将环己烯选择性地氧化为环氧环己烷的方法,其特征在于,所述反应的温度为40-90℃,反应时间为2-22h。
7.根据权利要求5所述的将环己烯选择性地氧化为环氧环己烷的方法,其特征在于,所述BEA-Ti-卟啉复合催化剂用量为环己烯质量的5-45%,其中Ti含量为BEA-Ti-卟啉催化剂总质量的10%;所述氧化剂选自TBHP的葵烷溶液,与环己烯的摩尔当量之比为1-5,溶剂选自乙腈。
8.一种将环己烯选择性地氧化为环己烯酮的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将环己烯、权利要求1所述BEA-M-Mn卟啉复合催化剂、氧化剂以及溶剂混合,加热搅拌反应,即得。
9.根据权利要求8所述的将环己烯选择性地氧化为环己烯酮的方法,其特征在于,所述反应的温度为20-100℃,反应时间为2-22h。
10.根据权利要求8所述的将环己烯选择性地氧化为环己烯酮的方法,其特征在于,所述BEA-M-Mn卟啉复合催化剂的用量为环己烯质量的5-25%,其中Mn含量为复合催化剂总质量的5-50%;所述氧化剂选自TBHP的葵烷溶液,与环己烯的摩尔当量之比为1-5,溶剂选自乙腈。
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