CN113330897B - Shrub accurate quantitative tending round plant surrounding-mining operation platform and ecological surrounding-mining method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a shrub accurate quantitative tending round plant circle mining operation platform and an ecological circle mining method, which comprise the following steps: the driving unit is provided with a rotating arm, and the rotating arm is driven by the driving unit to do circular motion; a circle mining cutter which can move along the axial direction of the rotating arm is arranged on the rotating arm; the ring cutter or the driving unit is provided with a telescopic mechanism for adjusting the ground clearance of the ring cutter, which can not only meet the requirements of wind prevention and sand fixation operation in the desertification control process, but also meet the harvesting operation of economic shrubs and pastures; the platform is different from the traditional linear reciprocating motion or translation mode, can still keep the cluster-shaped characteristics of plants after the plants with different diameters are circularly adopted in an accurate and quantitative mode, thereby ensuring the wind-proof and sand-fixing benefits of the platform and realizing the purpose of tending and irrigating the grass clusters.

Description

Shrub accurate quantitative tending round plant surrounding-mining operation platform and ecological surrounding-mining method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of equipment of agriculture and forestry machinery, and particularly relates to a shrub accurate quantitative tending round plant circular harvesting operation platform and an ecological circular harvesting method.

Background

The windbreak and sand-fixation shrubs grow fast, are easy to survive, have strong windbreak and sand-fixation capacity, can adapt to the characteristics of drought regions such as climate and low water consumption, have relatively low requirements on land conditions, and are widely used for the desert control. In the management of the tree species, according to the biological characteristics of the tree species, the tree species needs to be cut for a certain length every 3 to 5 years, otherwise, the tree species can fade and die, the survival rate of the tree species in desert control is greatly influenced, and the reduction of the survival rate needs to continuously supplement new tree species to fill the vacancy. Therefore, the management and management of tree species are needed, the current operation method and equipment usually take extensive whole plant felling means as main means, the roughness of the earth surface is reduced after operation, and a large amount of sand substances are lost under the erosion of strong wind, so that the roots of the tree species are exposed, the decline and death are aggravated, and the purposes of strengthening the tillering capability and growing thick and straight branches cannot be achieved. Therefore, a method and equipment for maintaining a cluster structure during operation and achieving the purposes of enhancing the tillering capability and preventing wind and fixing sand to the maximum extent are urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an irrigation and grass bush accurate quantitative tending round plant circle-harvesting operation platform and an ecological circle-harvesting method, which can meet the requirements of wind prevention and sand fixation operation in the desertification control process and can also meet the harvesting operation of economic brush forests and pasture. The platform is different from the traditional linear reciprocating motion or translation mode, can still keep the cluster-shaped characteristics of plants after the plants with different diameters are circularly adopted in an accurate and quantitative mode, thereby ensuring the wind-proof and sand-fixing benefits of the platform and realizing the purpose of tending and irrigating the grass clusters.

First aspect, the application provides an accurate ration of bush fosters circle trunk circle and encloses and adopt operation platform, includes: the driving unit is provided with a rotating arm, and the rotating arm is driven by the driving unit to do circular motion; a circle mining cutter which can move along the axial direction of the rotating arm is arranged on the rotating arm; and a telescopic mechanism for adjusting the ground clearance of the ring cutter is arranged on the ring cutter or the driving unit.

When the driving unit is specifically arranged, the driving unit is a motor, and the driving unit is connected with the rotating arm through a coupler. The rotating arm is driven to rotate by a motor.

When the rotating arm is arranged, a guide rail is arranged on the rotating arm, a T-shaped rod is mounted on the sliding rail, the T-shaped rod is connected with the rotating arm through a first oil cylinder, and the first oil cylinder drives the T-shaped rod to slide along the guide rail. The oil cylinder drives the T-shaped rod to move, so that the axle center distance between the ring mining cutter and the driving unit is adjusted; the circle mining operation is more convenient to carry out.

When the ring mining cutter is arranged specifically, the ring mining cutter is connected with the T-shaped rod through the second oil cylinder. The ground clearance of the circle mining cutter is adjusted through the second oil cylinder, so that the selection operation of the stubble length of the circle mining operation is facilitated.

When the ring mining cutter is specifically arranged, the ring mining cutter is hinged with the second oil cylinder, and tension springs for flexibly fixing the hinged parts are obliquely arranged on the ring mining cutter and the second oil cylinder. The ring mining cutter is flexibly connected with the second oil cylinder, and when the ring mining cutter is impacted during ring mining operation, the tension spring can perform buffer protection on the ring mining cutter; meanwhile, the state and the position of the sliding plate change along with the change of the ground topography in the process of ground-attached movement, and the profiling fine adjustment of the circle-mining unit to the ground is completed.

The specific structure of the circle mining cutter comprises a circle mining motor, a circle mining unit, a fixed arm and a sliding plate; the circle is adopted the motor at the one end of fixed arm and is connected with the circle and adopt the unit on the circle adopts the motor, is equipped with the slide on the fixed arm, and the slide is located circle and adopts the unit below, can drive circle through the ground motion of pasting of slide and adopt the unit angle fine setting, realizes the profile modeling to ground.

When the fixing arm is arranged, the fixing arm comprises an outer sleeve and an inner tube, the inner tube is arranged in the outer sleeve, a spring is arranged between the inner tube and the outer sleeve, one end of the spring is connected with the inner tube, and the other end of the spring is connected with the outer sleeve, so that the inner tube can elastically slide on the outer sleeve; the circle adopts the unit to install on interior pipe.

Specifically, when the drive unit is provided, the drive unit is mounted on the construction machine. And completing the circular mining operation through the main machine.

When the ring mining cutter is specifically arranged, a connecting plate is horizontally fixed at the lower end of the telescopic mechanism, the ring mining cutter is hinged with the connecting plate, the ring mining cutter swings up and down around the hinged shaft, the connecting plate limits the lowest point of the rotation of the ring mining cutter to be parallel to the connecting plate, and an elastic part, such as a pressure spring, is arranged between the ring mining cutter and the telescopic mechanism.

In a second aspect, the present application provides an ecological circle mining method, comprising the steps of: and (3) taking branches of different circle layers as basic circle-mining units in a target operation area, performing circle-mining in a ring shape or a fan shape in one circle-mining operation, reserving the rest part to maintain the cluster structure of the plant, and performing circle-mining on the whole plant by repeatedly alternating zonal circle-mining operations corresponding to the growth cycle of the plant.

The beneficial effect of this application is as follows:

the circle mining method and the circle mining equipment can obtain great economic benefits and ecological protection effects. Although the shrub and grass can not produce wood, the application is quite wide, and the shrub and grass can be used as feed, fertilizer, industrial raw materials and the like. For example, 1000 kg of branches and leaves of caragana microphylla contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are equivalent to the fertility of 4000 kg of sheep manure, and the content of crude protein in the caragana microphylla at the initial stage of flowering is as high as 19.08 percent, so that the caragana microphylla is high-quality feed. The caragana microphylla can fix 23 cubic meters of soil, intercept 34% of rainwater, reduce 78% of ground runoff and reduce 66% of surface scouring, and meanwhile, the caragana microphylla has low activation energy and good heat productivity, can be used as biomass fuel, and discharges few pollutants.

The operation method provided by the device adopts a mode of performing rotation cutting operation by taking different circle layers of branches as basic circle cutting units to perform annular banded circle cutting, the operation mode is different from a mode of cutting all regular plants, a cluster structure can be kept while circle cutting is performed, and recession and death of salix psammophila caused by large loss of sand substances under the erosion of strong wind are avoided, so that the aim of taking consideration of rejuvenation and wind prevention and sand fixation is fulfilled to the maximum extent.

This application strong adaptability has the degree of freedom of a plurality of not equidirectional and encloses and adopts, can accomplish and enclose the work of adopting to plant or bush, and this is a major feature of this application, and it can carry out the circle of outer lane to plant or bush and adopt, also can carry out the circle of inner core and adopt, still can carry out the circle of fan-shaped structure and adopt, and the variety is higher, can select different circles to adopt the shape to different topography. In addition, the operation of circle of its reply slope topography, low-lying topography has not only satisfied the variety, and adaptability is extremely strong moreover.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a side view structural diagram of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the rotor arm of the present application cut in an axial direction.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a circle mining unit.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram (divided into a, b and c) of the whole circle mining operation platform and ground profile modeling provided by the invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram (divided into a, b, and c) of fine adjustment of a circle mining unit on the circle mining operation platform along with the ground profile.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the different looping modes of the present application (showing a, b, c, d, f, g).

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the radius change of the rotary circle mining of the circle mining operation platform.

Fig. 8 shows one embodiment of the drive unit of the present application.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the present application.

In the figure, a driving unit 1, a rotating arm 2, a first oil cylinder 2.1, a T-shaped rod 3, a second oil cylinder 4, a tension spring 5, an outer sleeve 6, an inner pipe 7, a spring 8, a coiling motor 9, a sliding plate 10, a connecting mechanism 11, a coiling unit 12, a connecting plate 13, a pressure spring 14 and a limiting sheet 15.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

For convenience of understanding the circle mining operation platform and the circle mining method provided in the embodiment of the present application, an application scenario of the circle mining operation platform and the circle mining method is first described below.

The circle mining operation platform is mainly designed by combining a circle mining mode; the annular harvesting can be carried out on shrubs and pasture, and the shrubs or pasture after being harvested can still keep the cluster-shaped characteristics of plants without losing the benefits of wind prevention and sand fixation; different from the traditional linear reciprocating motion or translation mode, the circular belt-shaped rotation circular mining mode is adopted to realize, and the circular mining mode is realized through a circular mining operation platform, so that the final required technical effect is achieved.

For clear understanding of the technical solutions of the present application, the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

The terminology used in the following examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in the specification of this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, such as "one or more", unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that in the following embodiments of the present application, "at least one", "one or more" means one, two or more.

Fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 show respectively that circle adopt whole and local schematic diagram of operation platform, and a bush accurate ration is nursed round trunk and is enclosed and adopt operation platform includes: the device comprises a driving unit 1, a rotating arm 2 is vertically arranged on the driving unit 1 (rotating mechanism), and the rotating arm 2 is driven by the driving unit 1 to do circular motion; a circle mining cutter which can move along the axial direction of the rotating arm 2 is arranged on the rotating arm 2, so that the circle mining range of the circle mining cutter can be conveniently adjusted; a telescopic mechanism for adjusting the ground clearance of the circle mining cutter is arranged on the circle mining cutter or the driving unit 1, and the telescopic mechanism is arranged between the circle mining cutter and the rotating arm 2; the other type is that the telescopic mechanism is arranged on the driving unit 1, and the telescopic mechanism can control the ground clearance of the circle cutter.

As an example, when the above-mentioned driving unit 1 is specifically provided, the driving unit 1 is a motor, and the driving unit 1 is connected with the rotating arm 2 through a coupling. The rotating arm 2 is driven by a motor to rotate, and when circle harvesting is carried out, the circle harvesting cutter is carried by the driving unit 1 to surround shrubs for one circle.

As shown in fig. 2, when the boom 2 is specifically arranged, as one embodiment, the boom 2 has a guide rail, a T-shaped rod 3 is mounted on the slide rail, the front end of the T-shaped rod 3 is connected with the boom 2 through a piston of a first oil cylinder 2.1, and the first oil cylinder 2.1 drives the T-shaped rod 3 to slide along the guide rail. The first oil cylinder 2.1 drives the T-shaped rod 3 to do translational motion in the guide rail according to the operation command, so that the circle mining unit 12 moves left and right, the circle mining radius is changed, and the circle mining range and the number of circle mining branches are adjusted; the circle mining operation is more convenient to carry out. In addition, the first oil cylinder 2.1 can be replaced by a threaded connection mode, namely, a stepping motor is arranged on the rotating arm 2, a lead screw is arranged on the stepping motor, a threaded sleeve is additionally arranged on the lead screw, and the threaded sleeve can complete the actions instead of arranging the T-shaped rod 3.

As shown in FIG. 7, the maximum diameter of the circled plants D =2 × (L) ₁ +L _{Oil cylinder} -R _{Cutting tool} ) Wherein L is ₁ The distance L between the left end surface of the T-shaped rod 3 and the center of the shaft (or the first driving unit 11) when the T-shaped rod moves to the limit position towards the left (the center of the circle mining operation platform) _{Oil cylinder} Is the maximum stroke of the cylinder, R _{Cutting tool} The radius of the cutter of the circle mining unit 12 is equal to the radius of the cutter of the circle mining unit 12, the circle mining unit 12 is a circular cutter head, cutter teeth are arranged on the periphery of the cutter head, and cutter edges are arranged on the cutter teeth.

As one embodiment, when the circular cutter is specifically arranged, the circular cutter is connected with the T-shaped rod 3 through the second oil cylinder 4. One end of the T-shaped rod 3 in the guide rail is connected with a piston rod of the first oil cylinder 2.1, the T-shaped rod 3 is structurally divided into a fixed section and a telescopic section in the vertical direction, the second oil cylinder 4 is installed in the fixed section, the telescopic section can move up and down in the vertical direction along with the telescopic function of the second oil cylinder 4, and L in an adjustment diagram ₂ The value is further adjusted, so that the circle mining height is further finely adjusted, the stubble remaining amount is ensured, and the controllable selection is carried out on the stubble remaining amount.

The invention can manually adjust the circle mining operation platform, and can realize the functions of automatic centering of the whole device according to the operation requirement, intelligent control of variable diameter rotary circle mining, automatic control of circle mining height, automatic control of stubble remaining range, automatic adjustment of vertical posture, operation data recording and display and the like by combining the matching use of the sensor and the control system. The whole body of the circle mining operation platform can be arranged on the hosts in various forms through the upper connecting mechanism 11 of the first driving unit 1, the severe walking environment of northern sandy land can be adapted, and meanwhile, the whole movement, the inclination and the angle adjustment of the circle mining operation platform are realized.

As shown in fig. 3, as one embodiment, when the ring mining tool is specifically arranged, the ring mining tool is hinged to the second cylinder 4, and the ring mining tool and the second cylinder 4 are obliquely provided with a tension spring 5 for flexibly fixing the hinged portion. The ring mining cutter is flexibly connected with the second oil cylinder 4, so that the ring mining cutter can be prevented from being subjected to buffering protection when being subjected to impact force during ring mining operation. The specific structure of the circle mining cutter comprises a circle mining motor 9, a circle mining unit 12, a fixed arm and a sliding plate 10; a circle mining motor 9 is installed at one end of a fixing arm, a circle mining unit 12 is connected to the circle mining motor 9, a sliding plate 10 is arranged on the fixing arm, the sliding plate 10 is located below the circle mining unit 12, and the circle mining unit 12 can be driven to conduct fine angle adjustment through ground attaching movement of the sliding plate 10, so that profiling on the ground is achieved.

As one embodiment, when the fixing arm is specifically provided, the fixing arm includes an outer sleeve, an inner tube 7, the inner tube 7 is installed in the outer sleeve, and a spring 8 is arranged between the inner tube 7 and the outer sleeve 6, one end of the spring 8 is connected with the inner tube 7, and the other end is connected with the outer sleeve 6, so that the inner tube 7 elastically slides on the outer sleeve 6; the ring picking unit 12 is mounted on the inner tube 7. In general, the spring 8 is kept in the original state without any displacement, and can keep the circle adopt unit 12 fixed and the circle adopt radius fixed. When rigid collision occurs in the operation process, the spring 8 acts when the resistance borne by the circle mining unit 12 is too large, so that the circle mining unit 12 rebounds, and the cutter is prevented from being seriously damaged or equipment failure is avoided. The spring 8 is primarily intended to be mounted in the rod as a protective measure.

As one example, when the drive unit 1 is specifically provided, the drive unit 1 is mounted on a construction machine. And completing the ring mining operation through an excavator.

Figure 5 shows the possible profile trimming of the ring-mining unit 12. As shown in fig. 5, the tension springs 5 are installed at the front and rear parts of the inner tube 7 connected with the circle mining unit 12, and the outer sleeve 6 and the second oil cylinder 4 are hinged to provide a degree of freedom for the relative rotation between the outer sleeve 6 and the T-shaped rod 3, so that the circle mining unit 12 can rotate up and down on a vertical plane along with the relative rotation, and the change of the included angle α is realized. The state and the position of the sliding plate 10 change along with the change of the terrain of the ground in the process of ground-contacting movement, and the profiling fine adjustment of the circle-picking unit 12 to the ground is completed.

The whole degree of freedom that has a plurality of not equidirectionals of operation platform is adopted in circle can realize that lifting, translation wait position move and corner operation to carry out the profile modeling according to ground, adopt the surplus volume of operation platform up-and-down motion adjustable plant circle after adopting through vertical direction circle simultaneously, satisfy prevent wind the requirement of fixing sand.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a circle picking range of a plant, the circle picking range can drive the T-shaped rod 3, the second oil cylinder 4, the outer sleeve 6, the inner pipe 7, the circle picking motor 9, the circle picking unit 12 and the sliding plate 10 to move leftwards (close to the center of the bush shrub) or rightwards (far away from the center of the bush shrub) integrally along with the telescopic action of the first oil cylinder 2.1, the leftwards movement corresponds to increase the number of shrubs picked in circles, and the rightwards movement reduces the number of shrubs picked in circles. The corresponding figures 7 respectively show modes of performing alternate cutting operation by using branches of different circle layers as basic circle cutting units, the circle cutting ranges are respectively 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% and 0, and various circle cutting proportions in the range of 0-100% can be realized through adjustment in the actual operation process. Further, the circle mining operation platform provided by the invention can also realize local circle mining in any angle area, and as shown in (g) in fig. 7, the annular local circle mining in a shadow area can be realized through the control of a control system and a hydraulic system.

As shown in fig. 8, which is a schematic diagram corresponding to the embodiment of the driving unit 1 of the present invention, that is, when a hydraulic motor is used, as an example, the driving unit 1 provides a power source for the revolution motion of the platform, a bidirectional variable motor may be used, and the circle mining motor 9 provides a power source for the rotation of the circle mining unit 12, and a unidirectional variable motor may be used. The adoption of the unidirectional variable motor by the circle-picking unit 12 can prevent the damage or equipment failure caused by the reverse rotation of the cutter. This is a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, for example, the drive unit 1 may also employ a power source such as a motor.

As one example, the circle mining tools carried on the rotating arm 2 in the present application can be symmetrically provided with two, namely, guide rails are symmetrically arranged (with the center of the driving unit 1) on the rotating arm 2, the first oil cylinder 2.1, the t-shaped rod 3, the outer sleeve 6, the inner pipe 7, the circle mining motor 9, the circle mining unit 12, and the sliding plate 10; the whole device is symmetrically arranged, so that the working efficiency is improved.

As shown in fig. 9, as one embodiment, a connecting plate 13 is horizontally fixed at the lower end of the telescoping mechanism (i.e. the second oil cylinder 4), the circle cutter is hinged with the connecting plate 13, the circle cutter swings up and down around the hinged shaft, a limiting sheet 15 is arranged on the connecting plate 13 below the hinged shaft, the limiting sheet 15 is used for limiting the lowest point at which the circle cutter can rotate, and when the circle cutter is located at the lowest point, the circle cutter unit 12 is parallel to the rotating arm 2; in addition, in order to cause the circle mining cutter to generate an upward trend (for buffering) when being impacted, the fixed position is preferably that the circle mining cutter rotates clockwise and deviates by 15-30 degrees (the rotating arm is set as a zero point line), the center of gravity position can be lifted, and an elastic element, such as a pressure spring 14, is obliquely arranged between the circle mining cutter and the telescopic mechanism; under this mechanism, when meeting with the resistance in the circle cutter marching process, can upwards rotate and play the cushioning effect, the decurrent slide 10 that is provided with on the circle cutter simultaneously realizes ground profile modeling with slide 10 adaptation, and this simple structure plays the function that has realized simultaneously buffering and profile modeling in this application through simple structure.

Besides the mechanism, the application also provides an ecological circle mining method, which comprises the following steps: and (3) performing circle mining on the area needing circle mining by taking the branches in different circle layers as basic circle mining units in a ring shape or a fan shape in one circle mining operation, reserving the rest parts of the branches to maintain the cluster structure of the branches, and performing circle mining on the whole plant by repeatedly alternating zonal circle mining operation corresponding to the growth cycle of the plant.

The circle mining is carried out by the method, and the wind prevention and sand fixation benefits can be achieved without loss through testing; the cluster characteristics of plants are still maintained after the plants with different diameters are circularly adopted, so that the wind-proof and sand-fixing benefits are ensured not to be lost, the tillering capability is improved to the maximum extent, and the achieved effect is very obvious.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides an accurate ration of bush nurses circle trunk circle and adopts operation platform which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the driving unit can output rotary motion, the output end of the driving unit is provided with a rotating arm, and the rotating arm is driven by the driving unit to do circular motion; a circle mining cutter which can move along the axial direction of the rotating arm is arranged on the rotating arm; a telescopic mechanism for adjusting the ground clearance of the ring cutter is arranged on the ring cutter or the driving unit;

the ring mining cutter is connected with the T-shaped rod through a second oil cylinder, the ring mining cutter is hinged with the second oil cylinder, and tension springs for flexibly fixing hinged parts are obliquely arranged on the ring mining cutter and the second oil cylinder; the fixing arm comprises an outer sleeve and an inner tube, the inner tube is arranged in the outer sleeve, a spring is arranged between the inner tube and the outer sleeve, one end of the spring is connected with the inner tube, and the other end of the spring is connected with the outer sleeve, so that the inner tube can elastically slide on the outer sleeve; the ring mining unit is arranged on the inner pipe; or a connecting plate is horizontally fixed at the lower end of the telescopic mechanism, the ring mining cutter is hinged with the connecting plate, the ring mining cutter swings up and down around the hinged shaft, and an elastic part is arranged between the ring mining cutter and the telescopic mechanism;

the circle mining cutter comprises a circle mining unit, a fixed arm and a sliding plate; a circle mining motor is installed at one end of the fixed arm, a circle mining unit is connected to the circle mining motor, a sliding plate is arranged on the fixed arm and located below the circle mining unit, and the angle fine adjustment of the circle mining unit can be driven through the ground sticking movement of the sliding plate, so that the ground profiling is realized;

the device is used for circularly harvesting the target operation area in a ring shape or a sector shape by taking branches with different ring layers as basic circle harvesting units in one circle harvesting operation, remaining parts are reserved to maintain the cluster structure, and the whole plant circle harvesting is completed by alternately performing belt-shaped circle harvesting operation for multiple times corresponding to the growth cycle of the plant.

2. The shrub accurate and quantitative tending round plant circle harvesting platform of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the driving unit is a motor and is connected with the rotating arm through a coupler.

3. The shrub accurate and quantitative tending round plant circle harvesting platform of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the rotating arm is provided with a guide rail, the sliding rail is provided with a T-shaped rod, the T-shaped rod is connected with the rotating arm through a first oil cylinder, and the first oil cylinder drives the T-shaped rod to slide along the guide rail.

4. The shrub accurate and quantitative tending round plant circle harvesting platform of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the driving unit is mounted on the engineering machinery, and the circle mining operation is completed through the main machine.

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