CN113325501A - Multidirectional diffraction expansion optical waveguide lens and augmented reality display device - Google Patents
Multidirectional diffraction expansion optical waveguide lens and augmented reality display device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113325501A CN113325501A CN202010129378.7A CN202010129378A CN113325501A CN 113325501 A CN113325501 A CN 113325501A CN 202010129378 A CN202010129378 A CN 202010129378A CN 113325501 A CN113325501 A CN 113325501A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1819—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1847—Manufacturing methods
- G02B5/1857—Manufacturing methods using exposure or etching means, e.g. holography, photolithography, exposure to electron or ion beams
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Abstract
The invention provides a multidirectional diffraction expansion optical waveguide lens and an augmented reality display device, wherein the multidirectional diffraction expansion optical waveguide lens comprises: a waveguide; a functional region having an optical diffraction function on an upper surface or a lower surface of the waveguide, the functional region including at least: the optical waveguide grating comprises an incident functional area, wherein an incoupling diffraction structure which couples external image light to a waveguide and realizes multidirectional diffraction expansion of the image light is arranged in the incident functional area, and the incoupling diffraction structure consists of a plurality of groups of array structures; and the exit functional area is internally provided with an exit diffraction structure which couples the image light transmitted from the waveguide out of the waveguide and realizes the multidirectional expansion of the image light, and the exit diffraction structure consists of a plurality of groups of array structures. The invention can realize the multidirectional diffraction expansion of the image light, thereby increasing the imaging visual angle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a virtual reality display technology, in particular to a multidirectional diffraction expansion optical waveguide lens and an augmented reality display device.
Background
Augmented Reality (AR) technology is a new technology for seamlessly integrating real world information and virtual world information, not only shows the real world information, but also simultaneously displays the virtual information, and the two kinds of information are mutually supplemented and superposed.
US20160231568 discloses a grating waveguide structure employing in-turn-out coupling, in which image light enters from an in-coupling region, expands and bends through a turn region, and finally expands and outputs through an out-coupling region. The solution adopting the three separation regions needs to be configured with a large-area waveguide, is not suitable for a micro display system (such as AR glasses), and has extremely high requirements on setting parameters such as grating period, orientation and the like of the three separation regions, so that the processing technology is very difficult. Another problem is that this approach to unidirectional diffractive expansion requires a large number of diffractive interactions (each of which results in scattering losses), resulting in a large reduction in image light energy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens, which can implement multidirectional diffractive spreading of image light, and the specific technical solution is as follows:
a multi-directional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens comprising:
a waveguide;
a functional region having an optical diffraction function on an upper surface or a lower surface of the waveguide, the functional region including at least:
the optical waveguide grating comprises an incident functional area, wherein an incoupling diffraction structure which couples external image light to a waveguide and realizes multidirectional diffraction expansion of the image light is arranged in the incident functional area, and the incoupling diffraction structure consists of a plurality of groups of array structures;
and the exit functional area is internally provided with an exit diffraction structure which couples the image light transmitted from the waveguide out of the waveguide and realizes the multidirectional expansion of the image light, and the exit diffraction structure consists of a plurality of groups of array structures.
In some embodiments, the in-coupling diffraction structure and the out-coupling diffraction structure have the same structure, so that the manufacturing is convenient, and the process difficulty is reduced.
In some embodiments, the array structures of the in-coupling diffraction structures and the out-coupling diffraction structures are periodically distributed in a lattice shape in three directions, so that more propagation paths are provided for light rays, and the image uniformity is improved.
In some embodiments, each of the in-coupling diffraction structure and the out-coupling diffraction structure has a period of 200-600 nm and a depth of 50-600 nm.
In some embodiments, the sets of array structures in the in-coupling diffractive structures and the out-coupling diffractive structures are formed by three superimposed exposures of:
fixing the positions of the exposure light source and the waveguide to complete the first exposure and obtain a one-dimensional grating structure,
the exposure light source is kept still, the waveguide rotates 60 degrees along the center, the second exposure is completed, a two-dimensional array structure is obtained,
the exposure light source is not moved, the substrate continues to rotate 60 degrees along the center, the third exposure is completed, and a plurality of groups of array structures are obtained; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the exposure light source is composed of two planar light beams, and the two planar light beams form an exposure interference surface.
In some embodiments, the plurality of sets of arrays in the in-coupling diffraction structure and the out-coupling diffraction structure are formed by one exposure, and the exposure light source of the one exposure is composed of six beams of plane waves, and each two beams of the six beams of plane waves form an exposure interference surface.
In some embodiments, the array structure is cylindrical, conical, or truncated-cone shaped.
In some embodiments, the waveguide has a refractive index greater than 1.4 and a thickness of no more than 2 mm.
In some embodiments, the incident functional region and the exit functional region are spaced apart to reduce the light diffraction energy loss in the non-visible region.
In some embodiments, the entrance functional region and the exit functional region are integrally formed.
A second aspect of the present invention provides an augmented reality display device, comprising:
a micro-projection device for generating image light;
an optical waveguide lens, wherein the optical waveguide lens is the multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens according to any one of the first aspect of the present invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:
1. the diffraction expansion of image light can be realized only by arranging two functional areas, namely the incident functional area and the emergent functional area, so that the area requirement on the waveguide is reduced, the micro display system is suitable, and meanwhile, the incident functional area and the emergent functional area are the same in structure, so that the micro display system is convenient to manufacture, and the process difficulty is reduced.
2. The multidirectional diffraction expansion of image light is realized, and the area of a visible area is increased;
3. compared with the traditional two-dimensional grating structure, the brightness of two light columns oriented along the grating is weakened, and the image uniformity of an observation area is increased.
A second aspect of the present invention provides an augmented reality display device, comprising: a micro-projection device for generating image light; an optical waveguide lens using the multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens according to any one of the first aspect of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the multi-directional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a partial optical path of a light ray in an incident functional region;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the light path of the light rays in the incident functional area and the emergent functional area;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the light path of light in the out-coupling diffraction structure.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects of the head-up display system and the vehicle according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments is as follows:
the foregoing and other technical matters, features and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. While the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications, equivalent arrangements, and specific embodiments thereof.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multidirectional diffractive extended optical waveguide lens according to the present invention, which is used as a display screen of an augmented reality display device. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multidirectional diffractive expansion optical waveguide lens includes:
a waveguide 1;
functional regions having an optical diffraction function are provided on the upper surface or the lower surface of the waveguide 1, and as shown in fig. 2, if one surface on which image light is incident and emitted is defined as the upper surface, in the embodiment of fig. 2, both functional regions are provided on the upper surface of the waveguide.
The functional areas comprise an entrance functional area 2 and an exit functional area 3, wherein:
the incident functional region 2 is provided with an incoupling diffraction structure that couples external image light into the waveguide 1 and realizes multidirectional diffraction expansion of the image light.
The exit functional region 3 is provided with an exit diffraction structure for coupling the image light transmitted from the waveguide out of the waveguide 1 and realizing the multi-directional expansion of the image light.
The optical principle of the multi-directional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens of the present invention will be described below, and in between, we define the following coordinate axes:
an X axis: the width direction of the waveguide 1 is also the direction of the binocular connecting line of the user;
y-axis: the height direction of the waveguide 1 is also the extension direction of the nose bridge of the user;
z-axis: perpendicular (or orthogonal) to the X-Y plane defined by the X-axis and Y-axis.
It can be seen that the entrance functional region 2 and the exit functional region 3 in the present invention are located on the X-Y plane.
Referring to fig. 3 to 4, in the present invention, the in-coupling diffraction structure and the out-coupling diffraction structure are composed of a plurality of array structures. The interaction process with light will be described below by taking the incoupling diffraction structure as an example.
As shown in fig. 3, when an incident light of an image light emitted from a micro-projection apparatus is incident on the incident functional area 2 along the Z-axis, the image light interacts with the incoupling diffraction structure in the incident functional area 2 to form diffracted lights in multiple directions, the diffracted light satisfying the total reflection condition of the waveguide 1 is transmitted in the waveguide 1 in a total reflection manner, and during the total reflection, the light repeatedly returns to the waveguide 1 multiple times and newly interacts with the incoupling diffraction structure, and the diffracted lights in multiple directions are formed during each interaction, wherein: part of the light forms reflective diffraction while changing the azimuth angle and is directed towards the exit functional area 3, while part of the light continues to be directed in the original direction at the angle of total reflection.
It can be seen that, through interaction with the incoupling diffraction structure, the image light incident on the incident functional region 2 can not only be coupled into the waveguide 1 and finally conducted toward the exit functional region 3, but also in the process of multiple interactions with the incoupling diffraction grating structure, the image light can be expanded and stretched in multiple directions in the X-Y plane, so that the image can be expanded to enlarge the field angle visible region of the image.
As shown in fig. 4, when an image guided from the incident functional area 2 reaches the exit functional area 3 along the waveguide 1, the image light interacts with the out-coupling diffraction structure in the exit functional area 3 and forms diffracted light in multiple directions, wherein: part of the diffracted light is diffracted out of the functional region 3 along the Z axis and observed, part of the diffracted light is conducted in the waveguide 1 in a total reflection mode, in the total reflection process, the light repeatedly returns into the waveguide 1 for multiple times and generates new interaction with the coupled-out diffraction structure, each interaction process forms diffracted light in multiple directions, part of the light is diffracted out of the functional region 3 along the Z axis and observed, and part of the light continues to propagate in the waveguide.
It can be seen that, through interaction with the out-coupling diffraction structure, the image light guided from the incident functional region 2 can be coupled out of the waveguide 1 to realize imaging, and in addition, in the process of multiple interactions with the out-coupling diffraction structure, the image light can realize multidirectional expansion and stretching in the X-Y plane, so that expansion and lifting of a field image are realized, and the visible region of the image is further enlarged.
Since, in the present invention, each interaction point of the out-coupling diffraction structure in the out-coupling functional area 3 can couple out image light, human eyes can see clear images in the whole out-coupling functional area 3, thereby realizing panoramic head-up imaging.
In addition, compared with the traditional two-dimensional grating structure, diffraction structures formed by a plurality of groups of array structures are formed in the incident functional area 2 and the emergent functional area 3, so that more propagation paths are provided for light rays, and the image uniformity is improved.
In the invention, preferably, the structures of the coupling-in diffraction grating structure and the coupling-out diffraction grating structure can be set to be basically the same, thereby reducing the difficulty of process manufacturing.
At this stage, various one-dimensional gratings and two-dimensional arrays of gratings are typically fabricated on the waveguide using an interferometric exposure process, as is well known to those skilled in the art. In some embodiments, the in-coupling diffraction structure and the out-coupling diffraction structure in the present invention are formed by overlapping exposure of three directional light beam sets, wherein the exposure light source is composed of two plane waves, and the two plane waves form an exposure interference surface.
Specifically, the superimposed exposure of the three directional beam groups is as follows:
and fixing the positions of the exposure light source and the waveguide to complete the exposure in the first direction to obtain the one-dimensional grating structure.
And the exposure light source is kept still, the waveguide rotates 60 degrees along the center, the second direction exposure is completed, and the two-dimensional array structure is obtained.
The exposure light source is not moved, the waveguide rotates 60 degrees along the center again, the exposure in the third direction is completed, and a plurality of groups of array structures are obtained.
The topography of the formed array structures can be in various shapes, for example, including but not limited to a cylindrical, conical or truncated cone array structure, and are distributed in a lattice-like period in three directions, that is, three grating orientations of the array structures are consistent with the exposure direction of the interference surface of the triple exposure, as shown in fig. 5, for convenience of understanding, the three grating orientations of the array structures are set as a first grating orientation N1, a second grating orientation N2 and a third grating orientation N3, respectively.
In other embodiments, the plurality of array structures in the in-coupling diffraction grating structure and the out-coupling diffraction grating structure are formed by one exposure in order to improve the production efficiency. In these embodiments, the exposure light source is composed of six plane waves, and each two plane waves of the six plane waves form an exposure interference surface.
Continuing with fig. 5, taking the example of the in-coupling diffraction grating structure, the propagation path of the light in the in-coupling diffraction grating structure is as follows: ray 1, incident upon and interacting with the array structure at point a, produces ray 2 perpendicular to the third grating orientation N3; after the light 2 propagates to the array structure at the point B and interacts with the array structure, light 3, light 4 and light 5 are generated, and the light 5 is coupled out of the waveguide; light 3 propagates to and interacts with the array structure at point D to produce light 6, light 7 and light 8, light 6 being coupled out of the waveguide, and so on until all of light 1 is coupled out of the waveguide.
In some embodiments, the period of each of the sets of array structures in the in-coupling diffraction structure and the out-coupling diffraction structure is set to be 200 to 600nm, and the depth is set to be 50 to 600 nm. The array structures can be selected from various known cylindrical gratings, conical gratings or truncated cone-shaped gratings.
Since the structures of the in-coupling diffraction structure and the out-coupling diffraction structure are set to be identical in some embodiments of the present invention, the incident functional region 2 and the exit functional region 3 may be once molded without distinction in order to improve production efficiency.
Of course, the entrance functional region 2 and the exit functional region 3 may be provided separately. I.e. a smooth waveguide between the incoupling expansion region and the outcoupling region, without any diffractive array structure on it. This arrangement maximizes the efficiency of the outcoupling region viewed by the human eye and avoids unnecessary diffraction attenuation.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the waveguide 1 is a glass waveguide having high transmittance, a refractive index greater than 1.4, and a thickness of not more than 2 mm.
The present invention also provides an augmented reality display device, comprising: a micro-projection device for generating image light; the optical waveguide lens adopts the multidirectional diffraction expansion optical waveguide lens provided by any one of the above embodiments of the invention.
The invention has been described above with a certain degree of particularity. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the description of the embodiments is merely exemplary and that all changes that come within the true spirit and scope of the invention are desired to be protected. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description of the embodiments.
Claims (11)
1. A multi-directional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens, comprising:
a waveguide;
a functional region having an optical diffraction function on an upper surface or a lower surface of the waveguide, the functional region including at least:
the optical waveguide grating comprises an incident functional area, wherein an incoupling diffraction structure which couples external image light to a waveguide and realizes multidirectional diffraction expansion of the image light is arranged in the incident functional area, and the incoupling diffraction structure consists of a plurality of groups of array structures;
and the exit functional area is internally provided with an exit diffraction structure which couples the image light transmitted from the waveguide out of the waveguide and realizes the multidirectional expansion of the image light, and the exit diffraction structure consists of a plurality of groups of array structures.
2. The multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens of claim 1 wherein said incoupling diffractive structure is the same structure as said outcoupling diffractive structure.
3. The multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens according to claim 2, wherein said array structures of said incoupling diffractive structures and said outcoupling diffractive structures are periodically distributed in a lattice shape in three directions.
4. The multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens according to claim 2, wherein each of the array structures in the in-coupling diffractive structure and the out-coupling diffractive structure has a period of 200 to 600nm and a depth of 50 to 600 nm.
5. The multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of sets of array structures in said in-coupling diffractive structure and said out-coupling diffractive structure are formed by three superimposed exposures, said three superimposed exposures being:
fixing the positions of the exposure light source and the waveguide to complete the first exposure and obtain a one-dimensional grating structure,
the exposure light source is kept still, the waveguide rotates 60 degrees along the center, the second exposure is completed, a two-dimensional array structure is obtained,
the exposure light source is not moved, the substrate continues to rotate 60 degrees along the center, the third exposure is completed, and a plurality of groups of array structures are obtained; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the exposure light source is composed of two planar waves, and the two planar waves form an exposure interference surface.
6. The multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of sets of array structures in the in-coupling diffractive structure and the out-coupling diffractive structure are formed by one exposure, and an exposure light source of the one exposure is composed of six plane waves, and each two plane waves in the six plane waves form an exposure interference surface.
7. The multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens of claim 1 wherein said array structure is a cylindrical, conical or truncated cone array structure.
8. The multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens of claim 1 wherein said waveguide has a refractive index greater than 1.4 and a thickness not exceeding 2 mm.
9. The multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens according to claim 1 wherein said entrance functional area and said exit functional area are disposed apart.
10. The multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens of claim 1 wherein said entrance functional region and said exit functional region are integrally formed.
11. An augmented reality display device, characterized in that: it includes:
a micro-projection device for generating image light;
an optical waveguide lens, the optical waveguide lens being the multidirectional diffractive spreading optical waveguide lens of any one of claims 1 to 10.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010129378.7A CN113325501A (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Multidirectional diffraction expansion optical waveguide lens and augmented reality display device |
| PCT/CN2020/127979 WO2021169405A1 (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-11-11 | Optical waveguide lens capable of multi-directional diffraction expansion, and augmented reality display device |
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| CN202010129378.7A CN113325501A (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Multidirectional diffraction expansion optical waveguide lens and augmented reality display device |
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| CN114296240A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 珠海莫界科技有限公司 | Optical display module and near-to-eye display device |
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| CN113885212B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-07-22 | 北京灵犀微光科技有限公司 | Pupil expanding device |
| CN114280791B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2024-03-05 | 材料科学姑苏实验室 | Diffraction optical waveguide device and preparation method thereof |
| CN114545549B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-05-30 | 嘉兴驭光光电科技有限公司 | Optical waveguide device for diffraction display and display apparatus |
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| JP6171740B2 (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2017-08-02 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Optical device and image display apparatus |
| CN104597602A (en) * | 2015-01-24 | 2015-05-06 | 上海理湃光晶技术有限公司 | Efficiently coupled tooth embedded slab guide optical element in compact structure |
| CN205003308U (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2016-01-27 | 上海理鑫光学科技有限公司 | Augmented reality reflector |
| AU2017348084B2 (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2021-08-19 | Magic Leap, Inc. | Outcoupling grating for augmented reality system |
| EP3610316B1 (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2023-03-08 | Vuzix Corporation | Fixed focus image light guide with zoned diffraction gratings |
| EP3635456A4 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2021-01-13 | Vuzix Corporation | Image light guide with expanded light distribution overlapping gratings |
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| CN114296240A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 珠海莫界科技有限公司 | Optical display module and near-to-eye display device |
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