CN212515221U - Apparatus for presenting augmented reality image and system for implementing augmented reality display - Google Patents
Apparatus for presenting augmented reality image and system for implementing augmented reality display Download PDFInfo
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- CN212515221U CN212515221U CN202020225546.8U CN202020225546U CN212515221U CN 212515221 U CN212515221 U CN 212515221U CN 202020225546 U CN202020225546 U CN 202020225546U CN 212515221 U CN212515221 U CN 212515221U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a device that presents augmented reality image and the system that realizes the augmented reality and show. According to the utility model discloses a device that presents augmented reality image of aspect contains: an optical waveguide lens; and a first two-dimensional grating array located on the surface of the optical waveguide lens; and a second two-dimensional grating array located on the surface of the optical waveguide lens, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are located at positions on the surface of the optical waveguide lens such that larger sides of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are opposite to each other, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array is configured such that light incident on the first two-dimensional grating array is spread to the entire first two-dimensional grating array on the one hand and is propagated to the second two-dimensional grating array on the other hand, wherein the second two-dimensional grating array is configured such that light propagated to the second two-dimensional grating array is spread to the entire second two-dimensional grating array on the one hand and is emitted from the optical waveguide lens on the other hand, and wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an image display technique, in particular to system that device that presents augmented reality image and realization augmented reality show.
Background
Augmented Reality (AR) technology is a new type of display technology that integrates real world information and virtual world information "seamlessly". The method not only displays the information of the real world, but also displays the virtual information at the same time, thereby realizing the mutual supplement and superposition of the two kinds of information. In visual augmented reality, a blended image of the real world superimposed with a computer-generated virtual image is presented to a user using a head-mounted display.
Most of the current mainstream near-eye augmented reality display devices adopt the optical waveguide principle. For example, in a typical augmented reality display device, an image on a microdisplay spatial light modulator (e.g., LCOS) is coupled into an optical waveguide through three holographic gratings, then transmitted through three optical waveguides, respectively, and finally coupled out through corresponding holographic gratings right in front of the human eye for projection to the human eye. In order to realize color projection, a multilayer optical waveguide mode can be adopted.
In the process of popularization and application of the augmented reality display device, the size, the performance and the price are important factors for restricting the popularization degree. Therefore, how to combine these factors to provide a cost-effective product is a topic of great interest in the industry.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for presenting augmented reality images, which has the advantages of simple and compact structure, low manufacturing cost, etc.
According to the utility model discloses a device that presents augmented reality image of aspect contains:
an optical waveguide lens; and
a first two-dimensional grating array located on the surface of the optical waveguide lens;
a second two-dimensional grating array located on the optical waveguide lens surface,
wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are positioned on the surface of the optical waveguide lens such that the larger sides of the two are opposite,
wherein the first two-dimensional grating array is configured such that light incident to the first two-dimensional grating array on the one hand extends throughout the first two-dimensional grating array and on the other hand propagates to the second two-dimensional grating array,
wherein the second two-dimensional grating array is configured such that light propagating to the second two-dimensional grating array on the one hand extends throughout the second two-dimensional grating array and on the other hand exits the optical waveguide lens,
wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array have the same period.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the first two-dimensional grating array is configured to make the light exiting from the first two-dimensional grating array propagate to the second two-dimensional grating array within the optical waveguide lens in a total reflection manner.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, an angle between two grating orientations of the first two-dimensional grating array is set to be large enough to avoid forming a high brightness region in the middle of the second two-dimensional grating array.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the included angle is between 90 ° and 160 °.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the grating of the second two-dimensional grating array is variable depth modulated.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the structural morphology of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array is one of the group consisting of: cylindrical, conical, square and trapezoidal.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are substantially rectangular.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, a middle section of an edge of the first two-dimensional grating array facing the second two-dimensional grating array is farther away from the second two-dimensional grating array than both ends.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, an edge of the first two-dimensional grating array facing the second two-dimensional grating array surrounds at least a portion of the second two-dimensional grating array.
Optionally, in the above device, the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are directly formed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens.
Optionally, in the above device, the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are formed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens by an intermediate layer.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are located on the same surface of the optical waveguide lens.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are located on two opposite surfaces of the optical waveguide lens.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the first two-dimensional grating array includes one-dimensional grating arrays respectively located on two opposite surfaces of the optical waveguide lens, and the second two-dimensional grating array is located on one of the two opposite surfaces.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array have a pitch therebetween.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are immediately adjacent together.
Optionally, in the above device, an end face of the optical waveguide lens is coated with a light absorbing layer.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, a grating period of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array is 200nm to 600 nm.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the grating depth of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array is 50nm to 600 nm.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a system for implementing augmented reality displays having an increased exit pupil window to improve the utilization of the lens surface.
According to the utility model discloses the system that realizes augmented reality and show of another aspect contains:
an image source configured to provide light containing image information; and
an apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image as described above.
In one or more embodiments according to the present invention, a first two-dimensional grating array as a coupling-in enhancement area and a second two-dimensional grating array as a coupling-out area are disposed on a surface of the optical waveguide lens, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array has both an expansion function and a guiding function. The overall construction of the device is simpler and more compact and the production costs are reduced, since a guide region, which is dedicated to guiding the light to the coupling-out region, is dispensed with. In addition, the omission of a dedicated guiding region also contributes to an enlargement of the area of the coupling-out region, thereby increasing the exit pupil viewing window area and providing a better visual effect. In addition, the included angle of the orientation of the two gratings in the first two-dimensional grating array is set to be large enough, so that high-intensity light components in a specific direction can be prevented from entering the middle of the second two-dimensional grating array, and the problem of unbalanced optical efficiency of a view field image is inhibited or eliminated.
Drawings
Fig. 1A and 1B are a top view and a perspective view of an apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image according to an embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a propagation path of light after the light enters the device 10 for presenting an augmented reality image.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the cross-section being in the X-Z plane of fig. 1B.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the cross-section being in the Y-Z plane of fig. 1B.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a modified form of the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image shown in fig. 1A and 1B.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the diffraction effect of a two-dimensional grating array on light.
Fig. 7 schematically shows a situation in which a bright light pillar is generated within the field of view.
Fig. 8A, 8B and 8C are schematic diagrams of two-dimensional grating arrays with different orientation angles.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a first two-dimensional grating array using a bowtie design.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of light transmission when the two-dimensional grating array shown in FIG. 1A is used.
Fig. 11 is a perspective view illustrating light transmission when the two-dimensional grating array shown in fig. 9 is used.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a first two-dimensional grating array using a butterfly-like design.
Fig. 13A and 13B are a top view and a perspective view, respectively, of an apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image shown in fig. 13A and 13B, the cross-section being in the X-Z plane of fig. 13B.
Fig. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image shown in fig. 13A and 13B, the cross-section being in the Y-Z plane of fig. 13B.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. The present invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The embodiments described above are intended to provide a full and complete disclosure of the present invention to convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art more fully.
In the present description, words such as "comprise" and "comprising" mean that, in addition to elements and steps which are directly and unequivocally stated in the description and the claims, the technical solution of the present invention does not exclude the case of other elements and steps which are not directly or unequivocally stated.
Terms such as "first" and "second" do not denote an order of the elements in time, space, size, etc., but rather are used to distinguish one element from another.
In the prior art, the incident light needs to be expanded horizontally and vertically to enlarge the field-of-view image, and a special turning region is used to guide the expanded light to the out-coupling region. This requires the use of complex structural designs and high precision manufacturing processes.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a first two-dimensional grating array as the coupling-in and guiding area and a second two-dimensional grating array as the coupling-out area are provided on the surface of the optical waveguide lens. When light is incident to the first two-dimensional grating array, under the action of the first two-dimensional grating array, the light is expanded to the whole first two-dimensional grating array on one hand, and is transmitted to the second two-dimensional grating array on the other hand. That is, the first two-dimensional grating array has both the function of expanding light and the function of guiding light to a designated area. Since the guide region or the optically functional structure, which is used exclusively for guiding light to the coupling-out region, is omitted, the overall structure of the device can be made simpler and more compact, which is advantageous for the miniaturization of the application requirements and at the same time reduces the precision requirements. In addition, the omission of a dedicated guiding region also facilitates an enlargement of the area of the coupling-out region, and thus of the exit pupil window.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the positions of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array on the surface of the optical waveguide lens can be flexibly set as long as enough light is allowed to propagate from the first two-dimensional grating array to the second two-dimensional grating array. Alternatively, the larger sides of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array may be opposed so that as much light as possible travels from the first two-dimensional grating array to the second two-dimensional grating array.
The utility model discloses an in one or more embodiments, can select suitable structural parameter through being first two-dimensional grating array for the light that exits from first two-dimensional grating array propagates to second two-dimensional grating array with the total reflection mode in the optical waveguide lens.
The two-dimensional grating array can be formed by two times of superposition exposure of single light beam groups, illustratively, an exposure light source and a waveguide position are fixed firstly, and the first exposure is carried out, so that a one-dimensional grating structure is formed; the waveguide is then rotated by a predetermined angle about the center with the position of the exposure light source unchanged, and then a second exposure is performed to form a two-dimensional grating array structure. The angle of the two-time exposure rotation corresponds to an included angle between two grating orientations of the formed two-dimensional grating array structure, and optionally, the included angle between the two grating orientations is 90-160 °.
Optionally, in the above two single-beam-group superposition exposures, the exposure light source provides two plane waves to form an exposure interference surface. It should be noted that other processes may be used to form the two-dimensional grating array. For example, four plane waves can be simultaneously provided by the exposure light source, and the four plane waves are divided into two groups, wherein each group corresponds to one exposure interference surface, so that a two-dimensional grating array can be obtained through one exposure. The structural morphology of the formed two-dimensional grating array can be in various shapes, such as, but not limited to, a cylinder shape, a cone shape, a square shape and a trapezoid shape, and is distributed in a lattice-like period in two directions, that is, two grating orientations of the two-dimensional grating array are consistent with the exposure direction of the interference surface of the two exposures, and for the convenience of understanding, the two grating orientations of the two-dimensional grating array are respectively set as a first orientation G1 and a second orientation G2.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the included angle between two grating orientations of the first two-dimensional grating array can be set to be large enough (for example, the included angle is set between 90 ° and 160 °) so as to avoid the high-intensity light component (for example, the light component emitted along the grating vector) in a specific direction from forming a high-brightness region in the middle of the second two-dimensional grating array after entering the second two-dimensional grating array.
It is noted that, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, there is no limitation on the shapes of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array. Optionally, the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are substantially rectangular; or alternatively, the edge of the first two-dimensional grating array facing the second two-dimensional grating array may be curved or bent (e.g., the middle of the edge is farther away from the second two-dimensional grating array than the two ends); or optionally, the edge of the first two-dimensional grating array facing the second two-dimensional grating array surrounds at least a portion of the second two-dimensional grating array.
It is further noted that, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, there is no limitation on the spacing between the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array. Optionally, there may be a space between the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array, and there is a smooth waveguide area between the two, which can maximize the efficiency of the outcoupling region viewed by human eyes, avoiding unnecessary diffraction attenuation. Optionally, the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array may be integrated or closely adjacent together.
Embodiments of the invention are described below with the aid of the figures.
Fig. 1A and 1B are a top view and a perspective view of an apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image according to an embodiment of the present invention, respectively. Illustratively, the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image of the present embodiment may take the form of glasses.
Referring to fig. 1A and 1B, the apparatus 10 for presenting an augmented reality image of the present embodiment includes an optical waveguide lens 110, and a first two-dimensional grating array 121 and a second two-dimensional grating array 122 disposed on a surface of the optical waveguide lens.
Alternatively, the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 may be directly formed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens 110. Or alternatively, the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 may also be formed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens 110 by an intermediate layer.
Optionally. The optical waveguide lens 110 is an optical waveguide having high transmittance in a visible light band, a refractive index range of more than 1.4, and a thickness of not more than 2 mm.
As shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 are substantially rectangular, and their positions on the optical waveguide lens 110 are set such that their respective longer sides are opposed.
In the present embodiment, the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 have the same period. A two-dimensional grating array has periodicity in both directions, so that the same period as described herein means the same period in both directions. Alternatively, suitable periods (for example, in the range of 200nm to 600 nm) are selected for the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 according to the diffraction efficiencies of different wavelengths of light.
As described above, it is possible to prevent the high-intensity light component of a specific direction from forming a high-luminance region in the middle of the second two-dimensional grating array by setting the angle between the orientations of the two gratings in the first two-dimensional grating array to be large enough. In this embodiment, the included angle may optionally be selected within the range of 90-160.
In the present embodiment, optionally, according to the influence of the grating depth and the duty ratio on the diffraction efficiency, appropriate grating depth (e.g., selected in the range of 50nm-600 nm) and duty ratio are selected for the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122. Furthermore, in order to equalize the brightness of the second two-dimensional grating array, the grating depth of the second two-dimensional grating array may be depth-modulated.
In the present embodiment, the structural features of the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 may be optionally various shapes, such as, but not limited to, cylindrical, conical, square, and trapezoidal.
In this embodiment, optionally, the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 may be located on the same surface of the optical waveguide lens 110. It is also possible that they are located on two opposite surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110, respectively.
The following describes an operation principle of the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image shown in fig. 1A and 1B.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a propagation path of light after the light enters the device 10 for presenting an augmented reality image. In the present embodiment, light from the image source is incident on the first two-dimensional grating array 121 in a direction forming an angle with the paper (e.g., a direction perpendicular to the paper), and is diffracted by the first two-dimensional grating array 121 to form a plurality of 1 st order and-1 st order diffracted lights, as shown in fig. 2. These light rays coupled in through the first two-dimensional grating array may be reflected between the upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110, thereby expanding the light rays in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction in the figure) (further described below with reference to fig. 3 and 4).
On the other hand, since the first two-dimensional grating array 121 is located on the surface of the optical waveguide lens 110, the diffracted light will reach the first two-dimensional grating array 121 multiple times while propagating in the optical waveguide lens, wherein a part of the diffracted light will form reflective diffraction and change the azimuth angle at the same time, thereby propagating toward the second two-dimensional grating array 122 (the direction facing down in the drawing), as shown in fig. 2.
After reaching the second two-dimensional grating array 122, the light traveling in the direction close to the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is reflected between the upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110, thereby spreading the light in the horizontal direction (as described further below with reference to fig. 3 and 4).
On the other hand, since the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is located on the surface of the optical waveguide lens 110, the diffracted light will reach the second two-dimensional grating array 122 multiple times when propagating in the optical waveguide lens, wherein some of the diffracted light will form transmissive diffraction and change the azimuth angle at the same time, so as to exit or couple out of the optical waveguide lens 110 along a direction (for example, a direction perpendicular to the paper surface in the figure) forming an angle with the paper surface, and thus, a clear image can be observed by human eyes in the whole area of the second two-dimensional grating array 122.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the cross-section being in the X-Z plane of fig. 1B. Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the cross-section being in the Y-Z plane of fig. 1B.
Referring to fig. 3, light from an image source reaches the first two-dimensional grating array 121. By diffraction by the first two-dimensional grating array 121, light is coupled into the optical waveguide lens 110 to be expanded in the X-axis direction in fig. 3. By tilting the first two-dimensional grating array 121 at an appropriate angle, the diffraction efficiency of light incoupling can be improved. As shown in fig. 4, when the diffracted light propagates in the optical waveguide lens, a part of the diffracted light changes the azimuth angle under the action of the first two-dimensional grating array 121, and thus reaches the second two-dimensional grating array 122 through multiple reflections in the optical waveguide lens 110 along the Y-axis direction in fig. 4.
Referring to fig. 4, under the action of the second two-dimensional grating array 122, some of the diffracted light forms transmissive diffraction and simultaneously changes the azimuth angle, so as to exit or couple out the optical waveguide lens 110 in the Z-axis direction in fig. 4, thereby presenting an image of augmented reality to the user.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a light absorbing layer 130 may be coated on an end surface or a periphery of the optical waveguide lens 110. The light absorption layer can absorb the light reaching the end face of the optical waveguide lens, so that the interference of the light transmitted in the optical waveguide lens caused by the reflection of the end face is avoided.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the diffraction effect of a two-dimensional grating array on light, the two gratings of the two-dimensional grating array shown in fig. 7 being oriented at an angle of 120 °.
It is assumed in the following description that the two-dimensional grating array shown in fig. 6 is the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is located below the first two-dimensional grating array 121 (the Y-axis arrow in fig. 7 indicates a downward direction). As shown in fig. 6, when a light ray 1 is incident on the array point a of the two-dimensional grating array, under the diffraction action of the grating, four directions of diffracted light rays, respectively, a light ray 3 and a light ray 5 in the direction of the first orientation G1 of the grating array and a light ray 2 and a light ray 4 in the direction of the second orientation G2 of the grating array, are generated. In the situation shown in fig. 6, light ray 3, light ray 4 propagates away from the second two-dimensional grating array or outcoupling region, and light ray 5 propagates along the grating array in a direction where the first orientation G1 approaches the outcoupling region. At the same time, the light ray 2 propagates to the array point B along the direction of the grating array second orientation G2, and under the action of the array structure, light rays 6, 7, 8, and 9 are generated, the light ray 7 propagating along the direction of the grating array second orientation G2 to the direction of the coupling-out region occupies most of the energy of the light ray 2, the light ray 6 propagates along the direction of the grating array first orientation G1 away from the coupling-out region, the light ray 9 exits from the two-dimensional grating array along the Z-axis in a transmission diffraction manner, and the light ray 8 propagates along the direction of the grating array first orientation G1 until the array point D. Similar changes occur for the other rays in fig. 6 under the action of the two-dimensional diffraction grating array.
In the situation shown in fig. 6, the light components propagating along the two grating orientations of the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 have greater intensity relative to reflective diffraction, thereby producing two brighter columnar areas in the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122. When the angle between the two grating orientations is small, the columnar area will be located in the middle of the second two-dimensional grating array 122, resulting in a phenomenon in which a significant non-uniformity of brightness is observed in the observation area. Referring to fig. 7, a situation is schematically shown in which a bright light pillar is generated in the observation area.
Fig. 8A, 8B, and 8C are schematic diagrams of two-dimensional grating arrays having different orientation angles, where the angle between the two grating orientations of the two-dimensional grating array shown in fig. 8A is 90 °, the angle between the two grating orientations of the two-dimensional grating array shown in fig. 8B is 120 °, and the angle between the two grating orientations of the two-dimensional grating array shown in fig. 8C is 160 °. In the two-dimensional grating array shown in fig. 8A to 8C, incident light is subjected to multiple total reflection and diffraction, image expansion and light conduction are realized, and a large orientation included angle meets the requirement of viewing in an observation region, and simultaneously, the phenomenon of uneven field brightness shown in fig. 7 is avoided.
In this embodiment, the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are substantially rectangular. Alternatively, the first two-dimensional grating array shown in fig. 1A and 1B may be designed as a bow-tie type as shown in fig. 9.
Referring to fig. 9, the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is substantially rectangular, and the longer side of the first two-dimensional grating array 121 is curved or bent. In particular, the middle section of the side of the first two-dimensional grating array 121 facing the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is farther away from the second two-dimensional grating array 122 than the two ends.
Fig. 10 is a perspective view illustrating light transmission when the two-dimensional grating array shown in fig. 1A is used, and fig. 11 is a perspective view illustrating light transmission when the two-dimensional grating array shown in fig. 9 is used. As can be seen, as the transmission angle is continuously increased, because the first two-dimensional grating array shown in fig. 10 adopts the bow-tie type design, the light beam off the center can still be transmitted in the first two-dimensional grating array, that is, the light beam off the center can still be angularly deflected under the action of the first two-dimensional grating array to enter the second two-dimensional grating array, thereby preventing or suppressing the loss of light beam.
In this embodiment, optionally, the first two-dimensional grating array shown in fig. 1A and 1B may be replaced by a first two-dimensional grating array as shown in fig. 12.
Referring to fig. 12, the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is substantially rectangular, and the edge of the first two-dimensional grating array 121 facing the second two-dimensional grating array 122 surrounds at least a portion of the second two-dimensional grating array. In the second two-dimensional grating array of FIG. 12, similar to the bow-tie design of FIG. 9, the off-center light can still be angularly deflected by the first two-dimensional grating array into the second two-dimensional grating array, thereby preventing or suppressing the loss of light by escape.
Fig. 13A and 13B are a top view and a perspective view, respectively, of an apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image according to another embodiment of the present invention. Illustratively, the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image of the present embodiment may take the form of glasses.
Referring to fig. 13A and 13B, the apparatus 10 for presenting an augmented reality image of the present embodiment includes an optical waveguide lens 110 and a first two-dimensional grating array 121 and a second two-dimensional grating array 122 disposed on a surface of the optical waveguide lens. Unlike the embodiment shown in fig. 1A and 1B, in the present embodiment, the two one- dimensional grating arrays 121A and 121B included in the first two-dimensional grating array 121 are respectively located on two opposite surfaces (upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide lens in the figure) of the optical waveguide lens 110, wherein the one- dimensional grating arrays 121A and 121B have different orientations. As shown in fig. 13A and 13B, the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is located on one of the two opposing surfaces (e.g., the upper surface of the optical waveguide lens in the figure).
In addition to the differences described above, the present embodiment may employ various features of the embodiment shown in fig. 1A and 1B. To avoid redundancy, the following description mainly describes aspects related to the differences.
Referring to fig. 13B, light from an image source is incident on a one-dimensional grating array 121A on the upper surface of the optical waveguide lens 110, and is diffracted by the one-dimensional grating array to form diffracted light. These coupled-in diffracted light rays can be reflected between the upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110, thereby spreading the light rays in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction in the drawing). The diffracted light will reach the one-dimensional grating array 121A multiple times as it propagates within the optical waveguide lens, wherein some of the diffracted light will form a reflective diffraction and change the azimuth angle at the same time, propagating towards the second two-dimensional grating array 122.
On the other hand, a part of the light from the image source reaches the one-dimensional grating array 121B on the lower surface without being diffracted by the one-dimensional grating array 121A, and forms diffracted light by the diffraction of the one-dimensional grating array 121B. These diffracted light rays may also be reflected between the upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110, thereby expanding the light rays in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction in the drawing) and propagating toward the second two-dimensional grating array 122 by changing the azimuth angle.
By selecting appropriate structural parameters for the one- dimensional grating arrays 121A and 121B, the diffraction angles of the diffracted rays can satisfy the total reflection condition of the optical waveguide lens, so that the diffracted rays propagate in the optical waveguide lens in a total reflection manner.
Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image shown in fig. 13A and 13B, the cross-section being in the X-Z plane of fig. 13B. Fig. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image shown in fig. 13A and 13B, the cross-section being in the Y-Z plane of fig. 13B.
Referring to fig. 14, light from an image source reaches the one-dimensional grating array 121A. Diffracted light rays (indicated by solid lines in the figure) formed by the diffraction action of the one-dimensional grating array 121A. The diffracted light is reflected between the upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110 a plurality of times, thereby realizing the expansion of the light in the X-axis direction in fig. 14. On the other hand, a part of the light from the image source reaches the one-dimensional grating array 121B without being diffracted by the one-dimensional grating array 121A, and the diffracted light by the one-dimensional grating array 121B also forms diffracted light (indicated by a dotted line in the figure), which is also reflected multiple times between the upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110, thereby spreading in the X-axis direction in fig. 14.
As shown in fig. 15, when the diffracted light beams formed by the action of the one- dimensional grating arrays 121A and 121B propagate in the optical waveguide lens 110, the azimuth angle is partially changed by the action of the one- dimensional grating arrays 121A and 121B. The azimuthally changed light component undergoes multiple reflections within the optical waveguide lens 110 to reach the second two-dimensional grating array 122.
Since the bidirectional transmission of light is realized in the waveguide lens 110, not only the viewing area range can be increased, but also the display efficiency can be improved.
With continued reference to fig. 15, under the action of the second two-dimensional grating array 122, some of the diffracted light forms transmissive diffraction and simultaneously changes the azimuth angle, so as to exit or couple out the optical waveguide lens 110 in the Z-axis direction in fig. 15, thereby presenting an augmented reality image to the user.
The foregoing has described the principles and preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the invention should not be construed as being limited to the particular embodiments discussed. The preferred embodiments described above should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and it should be understood that variations may be made in those embodiments by workers skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.
Claims (20)
1. An apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image, comprising:
an optical waveguide lens; and
a first two-dimensional grating array located on the surface of the optical waveguide lens;
a second two-dimensional grating array located on the optical waveguide lens surface,
wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are positioned on the surface of the optical waveguide lens such that the larger sides of the two are opposite,
wherein the first two-dimensional grating array is configured such that light incident to the first two-dimensional grating array on the one hand extends throughout the first two-dimensional grating array and on the other hand propagates to the second two-dimensional grating array,
wherein the second two-dimensional grating array is configured such that light propagating to the second two-dimensional grating array on the one hand extends throughout the second two-dimensional grating array and on the other hand exits the optical waveguide lens,
wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array have the same period.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array is configured such that light exiting the first two-dimensional grating array propagates to the second two-dimensional grating array within the optical waveguide lens by total reflection.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the angle of the two grating orientations of the first two-dimensional grating array is set large enough to avoid forming a high brightness region in the middle of the second two-dimensional grating array.
4. A device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the included angle is between 90 ° and 160 °.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gratings of the second two-dimensional grating array are variable depth modulated.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array have a structural topography that is one of a group consisting of: cylindrical, conical, square and trapezoidal.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are rectangular.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a middle section of an edge of the first two-dimensional grating array facing the second two-dimensional grating array is farther away from the second two-dimensional grating array than two ends.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein an edge of the first two-dimensional grating array facing the second two-dimensional grating array surrounds at least a portion of the second two-dimensional grating array.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are formed directly on a surface of the optical waveguide lens.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are formed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens with an intermediate layer.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are located on a same surface of the optical waveguide lens.
13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are located on opposite surfaces of the optical waveguide lens.
14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array comprises one-dimensional grating arrays respectively located on two opposing surfaces of the optical waveguide lens, and the second two-dimensional grating array is located on one of the two opposing surfaces.
15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array have a pitch therebetween.
16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are immediately adjacent together.
17. The device of claim 1, wherein the end faces of the optical waveguide lens are coated with a light absorbing layer.
18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array have grating periods of 200nm-600 nm.
19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array have grating depths of 50nm-600 nm.
20. A system for implementing an augmented reality display, comprising:
an image source configured to provide light containing image information; and
an apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image as recited in any one of claims 1-19.
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| CN202020225546.8U CN212515221U (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Apparatus for presenting augmented reality image and system for implementing augmented reality display |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115128810A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-30 | 上海蜃微科技有限公司 | Grating structure, waveguide device and display system |
| WO2022242659A1 (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-11-24 | 华为技术有限公司 | Light guide and near-eye display apparatus |
| WO2023162506A1 (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-31 | ソニーグループ株式会社 | Light guide plate and image display device |
-
2020
- 2020-02-28 CN CN202020225546.8U patent/CN212515221U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022242659A1 (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-11-24 | 华为技术有限公司 | Light guide and near-eye display apparatus |
| WO2023162506A1 (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-31 | ソニーグループ株式会社 | Light guide plate and image display device |
| CN115128810A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-30 | 上海蜃微科技有限公司 | Grating structure, waveguide device and display system |
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