CN113325233B - System and method for modulating and measuring ripple electric energy in direct-current electric energy - Google Patents
System and method for modulating and measuring ripple electric energy in direct-current electric energy Download PDFInfo
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- G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
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Abstract
The application discloses a system for modulating and measuring ripple electric energy in direct-current electric energy, which comprises a program control core, a direct-current digital-to-analog converter, an alternating-current digital-to-analog converter, a direct-current amplifying module, an alternating-current amplifying module, an isolation driving module, a high-voltage operational amplifier module, a magnetic comparator and a phase-locked loop; the program control core outputs waveforms of pure direct current and pure alternating current respectively, processes the waveforms to obtain a direct current signal branch and an alternating current signal branch, the two branches are overlapped in parallel, the two branches are amplified by the high-voltage operational amplifier module and output to external detected equipment, the output quantity is sampled by the magnetic comparator, and the sampled quantity is used as a feedback signal to be input into the program control core to form a complete closed system after being processed by the phase-locked loop. The system realizes the accurate and high-resolution output of the alternating current electric energy, realizes the free adjustment and control of the phase position and the voltage current phase angle of the alternating current electric energy, achieves the aim of improving the metering accuracy of the alternating current electric energy, and provides better guarantee for the accuracy and the reliability of the dynamic performance of a direct current electric energy system.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the field of metrological verification, in particular to a system and a method for modulating and measuring ripple electric energy in direct-current electric energy.
Background
Dc ripple effects are of paramount importance for dc ammeter type evaluation. Currently, dc ripple effect experiments are mainly implemented by adding a certain amount of ac components to dc voltage and current.
The addition of ac components to dc power is typically accomplished by the method shown in fig. 1: the digital quantity corresponding to the direct current and alternating current waveform is edited in the RAM through the program unit, the waveform is output into a waveform with low voltage through the digital-to-analog converter, then the waveform is amplified in power through the triode and other elements, and finally the waveform is output to the tested equipment for electric energy verification. And meanwhile, the output quantity is sampled through the resistive element, and finally, a signal with smaller amplitude obtained by sampling is converted through the analog-to-digital converter, and digital information is transmitted back into the program unit, so that the automatic regulation and output of the program are completed.
In the above-described general scheme, there are mainly the following drawbacks:
1. the actual duty cycle of the waveform in the digital signal is not so large that the resolution of the output is not high. The method is calculated by using an alternating current value of 20% of an effective value, and three conditions are required to be met, wherein 20% is based on a direct current effective value, the peak value of alternating current plus the direct current value cannot exceed the full degree, and the direct current is unidirectional, so that only the upper half of the full degree can be used. Under this condition, the peak value of the alternating current signal only accounts for about 10% of the whole digital quantity, namely the resolution is only one tenth.
2. The DC and AC common power amplifying circuit can influence the stability of the DC signal and the accuracy of the AC signal. In hardware design, if only the dc component is used, the bandwidth of the entire circuit is typically kept very narrow in order to achieve higher performance dc output, which must result in some degree of attenuation and phase shift for the ac signal.
3. The resistive sampling circuit can be used as a load to be mounted on the output side, and the accuracy of output and measurement is affected. Although the resistive sampling has wide application range and is easy to use, the defects are obvious, load errors are introduced into the whole system, if the introduced errors are small enough, the voltage resistance is required to be large, the current resistance is required to be small, meanwhile, the parameters such as temperature drift and the like of the resistive load are required to be excellent enough, and the cost is obviously greatly increased.
4. The phase and frequency of the ripple are not adjustable and the phase between the voltage and current is difficult to control and measure accurately. The ac component is used as a superposition amount on the dc component, and there is no separate loop, and there is no basis for accurately controlling the ac component, particularly the relative phase, and only the measurement can be roughly adjusted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a system and a method for modulating and measuring ripple electric energy in dc electric energy.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a system for modulating and measuring ripple electric energy in dc electric energy, where the system includes a program control core, a dc digital-to-analog converter, an ac digital-to-analog converter, a dc amplifying module, an ac amplifying module, an isolation driving module, a high-voltage operational amplifier module, a magnetic comparator, and a phase-locked loop; the program control core outputs a pure direct current signal and a pure alternating current signal, wherein the direct current signal is 1 and 2, and the direct current signal passes through the direct current digital-to-analog converter along the 1 and then passes through the direct current amplifying module to obtain a direct current signal branch; the alternating current signal edge 2 passes through an alternating current digital-to-analog converter, then passes through an alternating current amplifying module and then passes through an isolation driving module to obtain an alternating current signal branch; and the direct current signal branch and the alternating current signal branch are overlapped in parallel, amplified by a high-voltage operational amplifier module and output to a load, the output quantity is sampled by a magnetic comparator, and the sampled quantity is used as a feedback signal to be input into a program-controlled core after being processed by a phase-locked loop, so that a complete closed system is formed.
Preferably, the isolation driving module comprises a resistor R 1 、R 2 、R 3 Amplifier A 1 、A 2 Isolation transformer T 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the amplifier A 1 And the resistance R 1 Constitutes a current type buffer, the amplifier A 2 And the resistance R 2 Forming a current-type amplifier, the resistor R 1 And R is 3 The resistance is the same, the isolation transformer T 1 The transformation ratio of (2) is 1:1, the input voltage and the output voltage are equal in amplitude and the same in direction.
Preferably, the high voltage operational amplifier module comprises a resistor R 4 、R 5 、R 6 、R 7 And high voltage operational amplifier A 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the resistance R 4 、R 5 、R 6 、R 7 And high voltage operational amplifier A 3 An adder is formed.
Preferably, the magnetic comparator comprises a novel nanocrystalline alloy iron core A, B, a square wave oscillator, a magnetic flux detector, a sampling resistor and an operational amplifier A 4 And a coil.
Preferably, the DC amplifying module comprises a buffer amplifier B 1 And a triode; the buffer amplifier B 1 On the DC branch, after being connected in series with a DC digital-to-analog converter, the DC low-voltage waveform is buffered and amplified; the triode is connected in series with the buffer amplifier B on a direct current branch 1 And then, the direct current low voltage waveform is subjected to preliminary power amplification.
Preferably, the ac amplifying module includes a buffer amplifier B 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The buffer amplifier B 2 On the AC branch, after being connected in series with an AC digital-to-analog converter, the AC low-voltage waveform is buffered and amplified.
Preferably, the system further comprises an analog-to-digital converter; the analog-to-digital converter is connected in series between the magnetic comparator and the program control core.
Preferably, the phase-locked loop comprises a phase discriminator, a sequence filter, a crystal oscillator, a phase modulator and a frequency divider; buffer amplifier B with phase modulator connected in series with AC signal branch 2 And the phase discriminator is connected in series between the magnetic comparator and the analog-to-digital converter.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a method for modulating and measuring ripple electric energy in dc electric energy, the method comprising:
constructing a separated AC/DC processing circuit to obtain a DC low-voltage waveform and an AC low-voltage waveform;
buffering the direct-current low-voltage waveform and the alternating-current low-voltage waveform and performing primary power amplification treatment to obtain a direct-current waveform and an alternating-current waveform;
and (3) superposing the direct current waveform and the alternating current waveform in parallel, amplifying, inputting the amplified direct current waveform and the alternating current waveform into a magnetic comparator for sampling after the amplified direct current waveform and the alternating current waveform are loaded, and processing the amplified direct current waveform and the alternating current waveform by using a phase locking technology to obtain the phase locked direct current ripple electric energy.
The invention realizes the accurate control of the direct current signal and the alternating current signal by separating the loops of the direct current signal and the alternating current signal and respectively designing the working and feedback loops of the loops; eliminating the influence of the sampling circuit on the output performance by using a magnetic comparison sampling device; continuous adjustment of ripple phase and frequency is achieved by adding phase-locked loop technology, and the phase between voltage and current ripple can be precisely controlled. By combining the measures, the accurate adjustment and measurement of the ripple electric energy component in the direct-current electric energy can be finally realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical DC power meter detection system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for modulating and measuring ripple power in DC power according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an isolated drive module of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a high voltage operational amplifier module of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of the DC signal of the present application after the ripple component is superimposed;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic material comparator of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the phase-locked loop of the present application.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail by way of specific examples, which are given by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Ripple is a phenomenon caused by voltage fluctuation of a dc stabilized power supply, because the dc stabilized power supply is generally formed by rectifying and stabilizing an ac power supply, and the like, it is unavoidable that some ac components are included in the dc stabilized amount, and the ac component superimposed on the dc stabilized amount is called ripple.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for modulating and measuring ripple electric energy in DC electric energy according to the present application, which includes a program control core, a DC digital-to-analog converter, an AC digital-to-analog converter, a DC amplifying module, an AC amplifying module, an isolation driving module, a high-voltage operational amplifier module, a magnetic comparator, and a phase-locked loop; the program control core outputs a pure direct current signal and a pure alternating current signal, wherein the direct current signal is 1 and 2, and the direct current signal passes through the direct current digital-to-analog converter along the 1 and then passes through the direct current amplifying module to obtain a direct current signal branch; the alternating current signal edge 2 passes through an alternating current digital-to-analog converter, then passes through an alternating current amplifying module and then passes through an isolation driving module to obtain an alternating current signal branch; and the direct current signal branch and the alternating current signal branch are overlapped in parallel, amplified by a high-voltage operational amplifier module and output to a load, the output quantity is sampled by a magnetic comparator, and the sampled quantity is used as a feedback signal to be input into a program-controlled core after being processed by a phase-locked loop, so that a complete closed system is formed.
The direct current amplifying module comprises a buffer amplifier B 1 And a triode; the buffer amplifier B 1 On the DC branch, after being connected in series with a DC digital-to-analog converter, the DC low-voltage waveform is buffered and amplified; the triode is connected in series with the buffer amplifier B on a direct current branch 1 And then, the direct current low voltage waveform is subjected to preliminary power amplification. The alternating current amplifying module comprises a buffer amplifier B 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The buffer amplifier B 2 On the AC branch, after being connected in series with an AC digital-to-analog converter, the AC low-voltage waveform is buffered and amplified.
The system further comprises an analog-to-digital converter; the analog-to-digital converter is connected in series between the magnetic comparator and the program control core.
The circuit system design separates the D/A converter of the direct current path and the D/A converter of the alternating current path, so that the alternating current waveform can occupy 100% of digital quantity space and reach the upper limit of resolution. The independent waveform generation route is used, the frequency bands and the amplitude adjustments of the two circuits are different, the operation enables the direct current waveform to reach extremely high purity, and the alternating current waveform has enough accuracy and resolution.
The circuit diagram of the isolation driving module is shown in figure 3 and comprises a resistor R 1 、R 2 、R 3 Amplifier A 1 、A 2 Isolation transformer T 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the amplifier A 1 And the resistance R 1 Constitutes a current type buffer, the amplifier A 2 And the resistance R 2 A current-type amplifier is formed, and a low-voltage alternating current signal outputted by a digital-to-analog converter of an alternating current path is outputted from an amplifier A 1 Input, conversion to current to drive isolation transformer T 1 Isolation transformer T 1 Will induce the same current on the secondary side in equal proportion and finally pass through the amplifier A 2 The current is converted into a voltage signal. The resistor R 1 And R is 3 The resistance is the same, the isolation transformer T 1 The transformation ratio of (2) is 1:1, the input voltage and the output voltage are equal in amplitude and the same in direction.
The circuit diagram of the high-voltage operational amplifier module is shown in fig. 4, and comprises a resistor R 4 、R 5 、R 6 、R 7 And high voltage operational amplifier A 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the resistance R 4 、R 5 、R 6 、R 7 And high voltage operational amplifier A 3 An adder is formed. The adder directly superimposes the alternating current and direct current signals and amplifies the output. Due to the characteristics of the high-voltage operational amplifier, the waveform after the superposition of direct current and alternating current with higher amplitude can be directly output under the condition of supplying high-voltage electricity, and the waveform is shown in fig. 5. Compared with the traditional triode amplifying mode, the high-voltage operational amplifier has the advantages that the accuracy and the stability of output can be effectively improved, and the load capacity is also quite strong. The voltage V output by the module O The method comprises the following steps:
wherein: v (V) AC Is an alternating voltage, V DC Is a direct current voltage.
The schematic diagram of the magnetic material comparator is shown in fig. 6 below. The device comprises two novel nanocrystalline alloy wire iron cores A and B, a square wave oscillator, an extending coil, a magnetic flux detector, an extending coil and a sampling resistor. High-frequency regulation phase discrimination technology is adopted to realize high-precision measurement of alternating current and direct current under wide frequency band and wide dynamic range. Under the action of the square wave oscillator, odd harmonic components induced by the iron core A and the iron core B can be mutually offset, even harmonic components can be mutually reinforced, and even harmonic components favorable for the size of a reaction signal can be extracted.
When the winding W to be measured 1 High current I flows upwards 1 At the time, the winding W is detected S Detecting magnetic flux, converting the magnetic flux into voltage signals by a magnetic flux detection module, controlling the power amplifier to increase or decrease output, and flowing through the secondary winding W 2 Follow-up current I 2 With a consequent increase or decrease in current I 1 And I 2 Passes through the iron core in the opposite direction, and finally leads the iron core to achieve magnetism through continuous adjustment of high-frequency phase discriminationBalance. Last I 2 Through sampling resistor R S Converted into voltage U S For the input of the subsequent analog-to-digital converter. According to the principle of magnetic balance:
W 1 I 1 ＝W 2 I 2
i.e.
Wherein: w (W) 1 Representing the number of turns of the signal being measured (typically 1 turn), W 2 Representing the number of turns of the measurement winding, I 1 Current representative of the measured signal, I 2 Representing the current obtained after sampling.
The application also provides a method for modulating and measuring ripple electric energy in direct-current electric energy, which comprises the following steps:
constructing a separated AC/DC processing circuit to obtain a DC low-voltage waveform and an AC low-voltage waveform;
buffering the direct-current low-voltage waveform and the alternating-current low-voltage waveform and performing primary power amplification treatment to obtain a direct-current waveform and an alternating-current waveform;
and (3) superposing the direct current waveform and the alternating current waveform in parallel, amplifying, inputting the amplified direct current waveform and the alternating current waveform into a magnetic comparator for detection after the amplified direct current waveform and the alternating current waveform are loaded, and processing the amplified direct current waveform and the alternating current waveform by using a phase locking technology to obtain the phase locked direct current ripple electric energy.
The phase locking technology is mainly realized by phase-locked loop isolation sampling, and the principle is shown in the following figure 7. The phase-locked loop comprises a phase discriminator, a sequence filter, a crystal oscillator, a phase modulator and a frequency divider. U (U) 1 Namely the sampling voltage obtained by the magnetic comparator is U 2 Is a modulated waveform of an alternating-current waveform in a low-voltage region. It is a negative feedback working mode, and compares U by means of phase discriminator 1 And U 2 The phase difference of the crystal oscillator is controlled by a phase modulator, and finally, a proper frequency is obtained by a frequency divider to control U 2 Phase and frequency of the signal. Finally realize U 1 And U 2 The phase and frequency of the two ac waveforms are identical. On the basis of this, the frequency and phase of the ac signal, i.e. the amount of ripple in the dc power, can be accurately adjusted. By controlling the scanning waveforms of the voltage and the current in the low voltage area at the same time, the ripple components of the voltage and the current output can have the same phase; by controlling the waveforms of the voltage and current respectively, a phase in which ripple components of the voltage and current outputs have a fixed difference can be achieved.
The direct current electric energy system of the invention carries out various improvement operations aiming at alternating current electric energy in direct current electric energy, and the main modes are as follows: the separation AC/DC processing loop and the AC loop use isolation driving, high-voltage operational amplifier output, phase-locked loop and the like, thereby realizing the accurate and high-resolution output of the AC electric energy, realizing the free adjustment and control of the phase and the voltage current phase angle, achieving the purpose of improving the metering accuracy of the AC electric energy, and providing better guarantee for the accuracy and the reliability of the dynamic performance of a DC electric energy system.
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments and the disclosure of the drawings.
Claims (5)
1. The system is characterized by comprising a program control core, a direct current digital-to-analog converter, an alternating current digital-to-analog converter, a direct current amplification module, an alternating current amplification module, an isolation driving module, a high-voltage operational amplifier module, a magnetic comparator and a phase-locked loop; the program control core outputs a pure direct current signal and a pure alternating current signal, wherein the direct current signal is 1 and 2, and the direct current signal passes through the direct current digital-to-analog converter along the 1 and then passes through the direct current amplifying module to obtain a direct current signal branch; the alternating current signal edge 2 passes through an alternating current digital-to-analog converter, then passes through an alternating current amplifying module and then passes through an isolation driving module to obtain an alternating current signal branch; the direct current signal branch and the alternating current signal branch are overlapped in parallel, amplified by a high-voltage operational amplifier module and output to a load, the output quantity is sampled by a magnetic comparator, and the sampled quantity is used as a feedback signal to be input into a program control core after being processed by a phase-locked loop, so that a complete closed system is formed;
the direct current amplifying module comprises a buffer amplifier B 1 And a triode; the buffer amplifier B 1 On the DC branch, after being connected in series with a DC digital-to-analog converter, the DC low-voltage waveform is buffered and amplified; the triode is connected in series with the buffer amplifier B on a direct current branch 1 Then, the primary power of the direct current low voltage waveform is amplified;
the alternating current amplifying module comprises a buffer amplifier B 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The buffer amplifier B 2 On the AC branch, after being connected in series with an AC digital-to-analog converter, the AC low-voltage waveform is buffered and amplified;
the system further comprises an analog-to-digital converter; the analog-to-digital converter is connected in series between the magnetic comparator and the program control core; the phase-locked loop comprises a phase discriminator, a sequence filter, a crystal oscillator, a phase modulator and a frequency divider; buffer amplifier B with phase modulator connected in series with AC signal branch 2 And the phase discriminator is connected in series between the magnetic comparator and the analog-to-digital converter.
2. The system for modulating and measuring ripple power in DC power according to claim 1, wherein said isolated driving module comprises a resistor R 1 、R 2 、R 3 Amplifier A 1 、A 2 Isolation transformer T 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the amplifier A 1 And the resistance R 1 Constitutes a current type buffer, the amplifier A 2 And the resistance R 2 Forming a current-type amplifier, the resistor R 1 And R is 3 The resistance is the same, the isolation transformer T 1 The transformation ratio of (2) is 1:1, the input voltage and the output voltage are equal in amplitude and the same in direction.
3. The system for modulating and measuring ripple power in DC power according to claim 1, wherein said high voltage op-amp module comprises a resistor R 4 、R 5 、R 6 、R 7 And high voltage operational amplifier A 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the resistance R 4 、R 5 、R 6 、R 7 And high voltage operational amplifier A 3 An adder is formed.
4. The system for modulating and measuring ripple power in dc power according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic comparator comprises a novel nanocrystalline alloy core A, B, a square wave oscillator, a magnetic flux detector, a sampling resistor, an operational amplifier a 4 And a coil.
5. A method for modulating and measuring ripple power in dc power applied to the system of any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising:
constructing a separated AC/DC processing circuit to obtain a DC low-voltage waveform and an AC low-voltage waveform;
buffering the direct-current low-voltage waveform and the alternating-current low-voltage waveform and performing primary power amplification treatment to obtain a direct-current waveform and an alternating-current waveform;
and (3) superposing the direct current waveform and the alternating current waveform in parallel, amplifying, inputting the amplified direct current waveform and the alternating current waveform into a magnetic comparator for sampling after the amplified direct current waveform and the alternating current waveform are loaded, and processing the amplified direct current waveform and the alternating current waveform by using a phase locking technology to obtain the phase locked direct current ripple electric energy.
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