CN113322251A - Composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/10—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a carbohydrate
- C12N11/12—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to a composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment, and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, bacillus subtilis subspecies, salt-tolerant bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis are taken as composite bacteria, 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw and nano-hydroxyapatite are taken as carriers, and auxiliary materials such as peptone, L-proline and potassium fulvate are added to obtain the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for treating kitchen garbage, the bacteria activity is high, the organic matter degradation rate is fast, the specific surface area of the carrier is large, the bacteria load is high, the bacteria can be protected to keep higher activity all the time, and the auxiliary materials can improve the activity of the bacteria; the composite bacteria, the carrier and the auxiliary materials are mutually matched and interacted, so that the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum can rapidly and efficiently degrade organic matters in the garbage at normal temperature, and the treatment effect is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, and particularly relates to a composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The kitchen waste refers to food and beverage waste generated in dining halls, hotels, restaurants and the like, waste vegetables, fruits, waste meats, fishes, shrimps, leftovers and the like generated in families of residents, is the most abundant component in urban biomass waste, is also the main component which is easy to rot and deteriorate to cause environmental pollution and ecological risks, along with the development of economy in China, the urbanization process is accelerated, the discharge amount of urban domestic waste is larger and larger, and the kitchen waste seriously influences the life health of people.
Kitchen waste is an important component of organic waste in urban solid waste, and has the physical and chemical characteristics of high moisture, high salinity and high organic matter content, and the kitchen waste is not treated or is not treated properly, so that environmental pollution can be caused, the urban appearance is influenced, and the body health of residents is damaged. At present, the conventional clearing method and treatment mode are difficult to apply, a large amount of additional fuel and energy are consumed for incineration treatment, and the characteristics of high water content and high content of degradable organic matters increase the difficulty of landfill treatment and the risk of secondary pollution. Therefore, the most effective and feasible method for treating kitchen waste is biological method. The basic principle of biological garbage treatment is that microorganisms use part of organic matters in kitchen garbage as nutrient sources to proliferate, and macromolecular substances in the kitchen garbage are converted into useful micromolecules in the microbial proliferation process, so that the purposes of kitchen garbage reduction and conversion are achieved.
But the kitchen waste treatment by using the biological method still has some problems, such as low treatment efficiency, most of microorganisms used in the existing kitchen waste treatment are common microbial agents, and the process of treating the kitchen waste by using the microbial agents has long adaptation period, low treatment efficiency and long time consumption; the treatment cost is high, and the existing kitchen waste treatment cost is high and mainly shows the cost of the microbial agent, the cost of the auxiliary material additive, the cost of the site, the cost of the operating expense and the like; in addition, in the kitchen waste treatment process, a pretreatment process such as heating to remove water in the waste is required, so that the process flow is increased, and the energy consumption is increased. Therefore, it is necessary to select an advantageous strain having a strong ability to degrade kitchen waste, and to improve the prior art, and to provide a composite microbial degradation microbial agent for treating kitchen waste, which has a high treatment efficiency at room temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for treating the kitchen waste and the preparation method thereof, the method has simple operation process, the obtained composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum is used for treating the kitchen waste, the treatment can be carried out at normal temperature, the energy consumption is low, the activity of thalli is high, the degradation efficiency of organic matters is high, the treatment effect is good, the peculiar smell generated in the process of degrading the kitchen waste can be eliminated, the microbial inoculum is prevented from caking, and the problem of reduction of viable count caused by mechanical crushing in the using process of the microbial inoculum is further avoided.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the technical means described in the following items [1] to [3 ].
[1] A composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment comprises composite bacteria, a carrier and auxiliary materials; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the compound thallus comprises: bacillus subtilis subspecies, bacillus halodurans, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis, wherein the number of effective viable bacteria in the bacteria is more than or equal to 108cfu/mL, wherein the weight percentage of the composite bacteria is 5-10%;
the carrier comprises: 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw and nano-hydroxyapatite, wherein the weight percentage of the carrier is 60-75%;
auxiliary materials: peptone, L-proline, potassium fulvate, and 20-30% of auxiliary materials in percentage by weight.
According to the invention, bacillus subtilis subspecies, salt-tolerant bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis are taken as composite bacteria, 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw and nano-hydroxyapatite are taken as carriers, and auxiliary materials such as peptone, L-proline and potassium fulvate are added to obtain the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for treating kitchen garbage, the bacteria activity is high, the organic matter degradation rate is fast, the specific surface area of the carrier is large, the bacteria load is high, the bacteria can be protected to keep higher activity all the time, and the auxiliary materials can improve the activity of the bacteria; the composite bacteria, the carrier and the auxiliary materials are mutually matched and interacted, so that the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum can rapidly and efficiently degrade organic matters in the garbage at normal temperature, and the treatment effect is good.
In some embodiments, the content of each component in the complex thallus is as follows: 10-20 parts of bacillus subtilis subspecies subtilis, 1-5 parts of halotolerant bacillus, 8-15 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 5-10 parts of bacillus cereus and 3-8 parts of bacillus thuringiensis.
In some embodiments, the ratio of peptone, L-proline and potassium fulvate in the above auxiliary materials is 1 (0.2-0.5) to (0.1-0.2).
Further, the ratio of the L-proline to the potassium fulvate is 1: 0.35-0.45.
The compound microbial degradation microbial inoculum for treating the kitchen waste is prepared by taking peptone, L-proline and potassium fulvate as auxiliary materials, and the existence of the L-proline and the potassium fulvate can promote the proliferation of thalli, improve the activity of the thalli, promote the secretion of lipase, cellulase, protease and the like, and improve the activity of enzyme, so that the compound microbial degradation microbial inoculum is promoted to degrade organic matters in the kitchen waste, and the treatment effect is improved.
In some embodiments, in the carrier, the adding weight ratio of the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw to the nano-hydroxyapatite is 1: 0.3-0.45.
In some embodiments, in the above-mentioned carrier, the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw is prepared by the following method:
1) crushing straws, sieving the crushed straws with a sieve of 80-120 meshes to obtain straw powder, soaking the straw powder in a sodium hydroxide/ammonia water mixed solution for more than 12 hours, washing the straw powder to be neutral by using deionized water, and drying the straw powder at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ to obtain alkalized straw powder;
2) mixing the alkalized straw powder with sufficient N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 10-30 min at 40-50 ℃, slowly dropwise adding epoxy chloropropane, heating to 80-90 ℃ after dropwise adding, stirring for reacting for 2-3 h, cooling after the reaction is finished, washing the product to be neutral by using deionized water, and drying at 40-50 ℃ to obtain activated straw powder;
3) mixing activated straw powder with sufficient N, N-dimethylformamide, raising the temperature to 80-100 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the activated straw powder, adding 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid, continuously stirring to react for 8-12 h, cooling, pouring the cooled activated straw powder into cold water, soaking overnight, performing suction filtration, and drying at 40-50 ℃ to obtain the modified straw.
Further, in the step 1) of preparing the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw, the straw comprises at least one of cotton straw, rice straw, wheat straw or pepper straw.
Further, in the step 1) of preparing the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw, in the mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and ammonia water, the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide is 10-15%, and the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 10-20%.
Further, in the step 2) of preparing the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw, the adding weight ratio of the alkalized straw powder to the epichlorohydrin is 1: 4-6.
Further, in the step 2) of preparing the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw, the adding speed of the epichlorohydrin is 5-10 mL/min.
Further, in the step 2) of preparing the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw, the stirring speed is not lower than 800 r/min.
Further, in the step 2) of preparing the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw, the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min.
Further, in the step 3) of preparing the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw, the adding weight ratio of the alkalized straw powder to the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid is 1: 1.2-1.5.
Further, in the step 3) of preparing the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw, the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min.
Further, in the step 3) of preparing the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw, the stirring speed is 400-600 r/min.
According to the invention, firstly, the straws are activated by using epoxy chloropropane, and then are modified by using 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid to obtain the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straws, so that the crystallinity of the modified straws is improved, and the adsorption performance is greatly improved; the carrier prepared by blending the raw materials and nano-hydroxyapatite has large specific surface area and high porosity, can obviously improve the adhesion performance of the carrier material to thalli, ensures tighter combination between the thalli and the carrier, improves the protective effect of the carrier on the thalli, can prevent a large amount of thalli from being inactivated in the process of preparing the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum, ensures that microorganisms can always maintain higher activity, and enhances the degradation capability on kitchen waste.
[2] The method for preparing the composite microbial degradation bacterial agent for kitchen waste treatment according to item [1], comprising:
1) respectively carrying out individual culture on bacillus subtilis subspecies, salt-tolerant bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis, respectively inoculating the obtained individual bacterial colonies into corresponding activation culture media according to the inoculation amount of 5-15% for activation culture, respectively inoculating the activated bacterial strains into corresponding fermentation culture media according to the inoculation amount of 2-5% for fermentation culture, and obtaining the effective viable count of more than or equal to 108cfu/mL of microbial fermentation broth;
2) adding a small amount of water into the carrier and the auxiliary materials, uniformly mixing and granulating to obtain particles with the particle size of about 5mm, drying, adding the particles into the microbial fermentation bacteria liquid obtained in the step 1) in proportion, mixing and adsorbing, filtering, and drying to obtain the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for treating the kitchen waste.
The composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum is obtained by blending a bacterial solution prepared by fermenting bacillus subtilis subspecies, salt-tolerant bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis, a carrier and auxiliary materials, is stable in state, synergistically symbiotic, free of pathogenic bacteria, small in application addition amount, safe and environment-friendly, is used for treating kitchen garbage, can quickly play a role in a low-temperature aerobic environment, is high in organic matter degradation rate and garbage reduction rate, can convert high-fat, high-salt and high-heat kitchen garbage into carbon dioxide and water, and has no secondary pollution.
In some embodiments, in the step 1) of preparing the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment, during the culture of the bacillus subtilis subspecies subtilis zymocyte solution,
the activation medium is: 15-20 g/L of glucose, 10-15 g/L of peptone, 3-5 g/L of sodium chloride, 2-5 g/L of beef extract, 15-20 g/L of agar and the balance of distilled water; the pH value of the culture medium is 7.0 +/-0.1; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 35-37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 140-160 r/min, and the culture time is 18-24 h;
the fermentation medium is as follows: 15-20 g/L of glucose, 10-15 g/L of peptone, 3-5 g/L of sodium chloride, 2-5 g/L of beef extract, 15-20 g/L of agar and the balance of distilled water; the pH value of the culture medium is 7.0 +/-0.1; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 35-37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 180-200 r/min, and the culture time is 24-36 h.
In some embodiments, in the step 1) of preparing the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment, during the culture of the salt-tolerant bacillus fermentation broth,
the activation medium is: 10-15 g/L of peptone, 5-8 g/L of yeast extract, 8-12 g/L of sodium chloride, 10-15 g/L of agar and the balance of distilled water; the pH value of the culture medium is 6.5-7.5; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 30-35 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 100-200 r/min, and the culture time is 18-36 h;
the fermentation medium is as follows: 10-15 g/L of starch, 10-15 g/L of beef extract, 10-15 g/L of peptone, 3-5 g/L of sodium chloride and the balance of distilled water; the pH value of the culture medium is 7-7.2; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 30-35 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 100-150 r/min, and the culture time is 18-30 h.
In some embodiments, in the step 1) of preparing the composite microbial degradation bacterial agent for kitchen waste treatment, during the culture of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens zymocyte liquid,
the activation medium is: 10-15 g/L of peptone, 3-5 g/L of beef extract powder, 5-8 g/L of sodium chloride and the balance of distilled water; the pH value of the culture medium is 7.2 +/-0.2, and the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 35-37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 180-220 r/min, and the culture time is 24-48 h;
the fermentation medium is as follows: 5-10 g/L of glucose, 10-30 g/L of molasses, 5-10 g/L of silkworm chrysalis powder, 5-20 g/L of corn steep liquor, 10-20 g/L of sodium chloride, 1-10 g/L of calcium carbonate, 0.1-1 g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.01-0.1 g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.02-0.08 g/L of ferrous chloride and the balance of distilled water; the pH value of the culture medium is 7.0-7.5; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 30-37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 200-220 r/min, and the culture time is 24-48 h.
In some embodiments, in the step 1) of preparing the composite microbial degradation bacterial agent for kitchen waste treatment, during the culture of the bacillus cereus zymophyte liquid,
the activation medium is: 10-15 g/L of peptone, 3-5 g/L of beef extract powder, 5-8 g/L of sodium chloride and the balance of distilled water, wherein the pH value of the culture medium is 7.0-7.5; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 30-37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 140-160 r/min, and the culture time is 24-48 h;
the fermentation medium is as follows: 10-15 g/L of starch, 10-15 g/L of beef extract, 10-15 g/L of peptone, 3-5 g/L of sodium chloride and the balance of distilled water, wherein the pH value of the culture medium is 7-7.5, and the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 30-37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 100-150 r/min, and the culture time is 18-30 h.
Further, in the step 1) of preparing the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen garbage treatment, during the culture process of the bacillus thuringiensis zymocyte liquid,
the activation medium is: 10-15 g/L of peptone, 8-10 g/L of sodium chloride, 5-8 g/L of yeast extract, 5-10 g/L of sodium hydroxide and the balance of distilled water, wherein the pH value of the culture medium is 7-7.2, and the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 30-37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 100-150 r/min, and the culture time is 10-18 h;
the fermentation medium is as follows: 10-15 g/L of honey, 8-10 g/L of sodium chloride, 5-8 g/L of yeast extract and the balance of distilled water, wherein the pH value of the culture medium is 7-7.2, and the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 30-37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 80-100 r/min, and the culture time is 10-18 h.
In some embodiments, in the step 2) of preparing the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment, the mixing and adsorption are performed at room temperature of 120-300 r/min by stirring and mixing for at least 30 min.
[3] The use of the composite microorganism-degrading bacterial agent for treating kitchen waste according to any one of items [1] to [2] in treating kitchen waste.
Further, the application includes: and (3) mixing the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum with the kitchen waste to obtain a mixed material, and then carrying out aerobic fermentation to degrade the kitchen waste.
Furthermore, the addition amount of the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum is 0.05-3% of the weight of the kitchen garbage.
Furthermore, the oxygen supply amount of the aerobic fermentation is 0.1-0.2 m3/(m3·min)。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for treating kitchen garbage is obtained by taking bacillus subtilis subspecies, salt-tolerant bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis as composite bacteria, 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straws and nano-hydroxyapatite as carriers and adding auxiliary materials such as peptone, L-proline and potassium fulvate, and has the advantages of high bacteria activity, high organic matter degradation rate, large carrier specific surface area, high bacteria load, protection of bacteria and capability of keeping high activity all the time, and the auxiliary materials can improve the bacteria activity; the composite bacteria, the carrier and the auxiliary materials are mutually matched and interacted, so that the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum can rapidly and efficiently degrade organic matters in the garbage at normal temperature, and the treatment effect is good.
The compound microbial degradation microbial inoculum for treating the kitchen waste is prepared by taking peptone, L-proline and potassium fulvate as auxiliary materials, and the existence of the L-proline and the potassium fulvate can improve the activity of thalli, promote the secretion of lipase, cellulase, protease and the like and improve the activity of enzyme, so that the compound microbial degradation microbial inoculum is promoted to degrade organic matters in the kitchen waste, and the treatment effect is improved;
firstly, carrying out activation treatment on straws by using epoxy chloropropane, and then modifying the straws by using 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid to obtain 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straws, wherein the crystallinity of the modified straws is improved, and the adsorption performance is greatly improved; the carrier prepared by blending the modified straw and nano-hydroxyapatite serving as a raw material with nano-hydroxyapatite has a large specific surface area and high porosity, can obviously improve the adhesion property of the carrier material to thalli, and the modified straw has certain viscosity, so that the thalli and the carrier are combined more tightly, the protective effect of the carrier on the thalli is improved, a large amount of thalli can be prevented from being inactivated in the process of preparing the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum, microorganisms can always maintain high activity, and the degradation capability on kitchen waste is enhanced.
Drawings
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention, as well as others which will become apparent, reference is made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an FTIR plot of 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw of example 1 of the present invention; a represents unmodified straws, b represents straws modified by 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the results of a test of the treatment effect (protein degradation rate) of the composite microbial degradation bacterial agent on kitchen waste;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the results of the test of the treatment effect (fat degradation rate) of kitchen waste by the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum of the invention.
Detailed Description
To make the features and effects of the present invention comprehensible to those skilled in the art, general description and definitions are made below with reference to terms and expressions mentioned in the specification and claims. Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, and in case of conflict, the definitions in this specification shall control. When describing embodiments or examples, it is to be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments or examples, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents of the methods and materials described herein as may be included within the scope of the appended claims.
In the invention, bacillus subtilis subspecies subtilis, bacillus halodurans, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis are all purchased from Shanghai-research Biotechnology Limited.
The following describes the technical solution of the present invention in further detail with reference to the detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a compound microorganism degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen garbage treatment, including:
the effective viable count is 3 multiplied by 109cfu/mL bacillus subtilis subspecies 16 weight portions, effective viable count is 3 x 1085 parts of cfu/mL halotolerant bacillus and 1 multiplied by 10 effective viable count914 parts of cfu/mL bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the effective viable count is 1 multiplied by 1098 portions of cfu/mL bacillus cereus with effective viable count of 3 multiplied by 1097 parts of cfu/mL bacillus thuringiensis, 250 parts of 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straws, 100 parts of nano hydroxyapatite, 64 parts of peptone, 26 parts of L-proline and 10 parts of potassium fulvate;
the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum is prepared by the following method:
1) preparing 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straws:
crushing cotton straws, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder, soaking the straw powder in a sodium hydroxide/ammonia water mixed solution (the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide in the mixed solution is 10% and the mass fraction of ammonia water is 20%) for 16h, and using deionized waterWashing to neutrality, and drying at 45 deg.C to obtain alkalized straw powder; mixing 1 weight part of alkalized straw powder with 30 weight parts of N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 30min at 50 ℃ and 600r/min, dropwise adding 5 weight parts of epoxy chloropropane at the rate of 10mL/min, heating to 90 ℃ after dropwise adding, stirring for reacting for 2.5h, cooling after the reaction, washing the product to be neutral by using deionized water, and drying at 45 ℃ to obtain activated straw powder; mixing activated straw powder with 30 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide, raising the temperature to 90 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the activated straw powder, adding 1 part by weight of 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid, continuously stirring for reaction for 12 hours, cooling, pouring the cooled straw into cold water, soaking overnight, carrying out suction filtration, and drying to obtain 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw; placing the obtained 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw into a constant-temperature drying oven for dehydration treatment, taking a small amount of sample and potassium bromide, uniformly mixing the sample and the potassium bromide in an agate mortar, grinding and tabletting, and placing the mixture on a TENSOR 27 type infrared spectrometer for testing, wherein the scanning wave number range is 4000-500 cm-1Scanning resolution of 6cm-1The scanning frequency is 18, the obtained infrared spectrogram is shown in figure 1, and compared with a curve a in figure 1, characteristic peaks of amino groups, sulfonic acid groups and benzene rings appear in a curve b, the generation of the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straws is illustrated;
2) preparing a microbial fermentation bacterial liquid:
respectively carrying out individual culture on bacillus subtilis subspecies, salt-tolerant bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis, inoculating the obtained individual bacterial colony into an activation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10% for activation culture, and then inoculating the activated bacterial colony into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 4% for fermentation culture to obtain a microbial fermentation broth;
in the process of culturing bacillus subtilis subspecies:
the activation medium is: the composition of the liquid medium was: 15g/L of glucose, 15g/L of peptone, 5g/L of sodium chloride, 5g/L of beef extract, 15g/L of agar and the balance of distilled water; the pH value of the culture medium is 7.0 +/-0.1; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 160r/min, and the culture time is 24 h; the fermentation medium is as follows: 15g/L of glucose, 15g/L of peptone, 5g/L of sodium chloride, 5g/L of beef extract, 15g/L of agar and the balance of distilled water; the pH value of the culture medium is 7.0 +/-0.1; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 200r/min, and the culture time is 36 h;
in the process of culturing the salt-tolerant bacillus:
the activation medium is: the composition of the liquid medium was: 15g/L of peptone, 5g/L of yeast extract, 10g/L of sodium chloride, 15g/L of agar and the balance of distilled water; the pH value of the culture medium is 7; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 35 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 150r/min, and the culture time is 36 h; the fermentation medium is as follows: 15g/L of starch, 15g/L of beef extract, 15g/L of peptone and 5g/L of sodium chloride; the pH value of the culture medium is 7; the culture conditions were: the culture temperature is 35 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 100r/min, and the culture time is 24 h;
in the process of culturing the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, an activation culture medium comprises the following components: 15g/L of peptone, 5g/L of beef extract powder, 5g/L of sodium chloride and the balance of distilled water, wherein the pH value of the culture medium is 7.2 +/-0.2; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 220r/min, and the culture time is 36 h; the fermentation medium is as follows: 10g/L of glucose, 20g/L of molasses, 8g/L of silkworm chrysalis meal, 15g/L of corn steep liquor, 15g/L of sodium chloride, 5g/L of calcium carbonate, 0.4g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.1g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.1g/L of ferrous chloride and the balance of distilled water, wherein the pH value of the culture medium is 7.0; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 220r/min, and the culture time is 48 h;
in the culture process of the bacillus cereus zymocyte liquid:
the activation medium is: culturing 10g/L peptone, 3g/L beef extract powder, 5g/L sodium chloride and the balance of distilled water at 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of a shaker of 160r/min for 48 h; the fermentation medium is as follows: 15g/L of starch, 10g/L of beef extract, 10g/L of peptone, 5g/L of sodium chloride and the balance of distilled water; the pH value of the culture medium is 7.0; the culture conditions were: culturing at 37 deg.C and 150r/min for 30 h;
in the culture process of the bacillus thuringiensis zymocyte liquid:
the activation medium is: 10g/L of peptone, 10g/L of sodium chloride, 5g/L of yeast extract, 10g/L of sodium hydroxide and the balance of distilled water; the pH value of the culture medium is 7.0; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 150r/min, and the culture time is 18 h; the fermentation medium is as follows: 10g/L of honey, 10g/L of sodium chloride, 5g/L of yeast extract and the balance of distilled water; the pH value of the culture medium is 7.0; the culture conditions were: the temperature is 37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 100r/min, and the culture time is 18 h;
3) preparing a composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum:
mixing the microbial fermentation bacteria liquid according to a proportion, then adding the carrier and the auxiliary materials, stirring at room temperature for 30min at 120r/min, and uniformly mixing to obtain the microbial fermentation bacteria liquid.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides another composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment, which has basically the same components and preparation method as the embodiment 1, and is different in that unmodified straws are used as a carrier instead of 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straws in the embodiment.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides another composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for treating kitchen waste, which has basically the same components and preparation method as the embodiment 1, and is different in that in the embodiment, the carrier is only 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straws.
Example 4:
the present embodiment provides another composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment, which has basically the same components and preparation method as those in embodiment 1, except that in this embodiment, the addition amounts of the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw and the nano-hydroxyapatite are 270 parts by weight and 80 parts by weight, respectively, that is, the addition weight ratio of the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw to the nano-hydroxyapatite is 1: 0.2.
Example 5:
the embodiment provides another composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for treating kitchen waste, which has basically the same components and preparation method as those of embodiment 1, and is different in that in the embodiment, the adding amounts of the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw and the nano-hydroxyapatite are 241 parts by weight and 109 parts by weight respectively, namely the adding weight ratio of the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw to the nano-hydroxyapatite is 1: 0.5.
Example 6:
the embodiment provides another composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment, which has basically the same components and preparation method as the embodiment 1, and is different in that the carrier in the embodiment is only nano hydroxyapatite.
Example 7:
the embodiment provides another composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment, which has basically the same components and preparation method as those in embodiment 1, and is different in that potassium fulvate is not added in auxiliary materials in the embodiment.
Example 8:
the present embodiment provides another composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment, which has basically the same components and preparation method as those in embodiment 1, except that in this embodiment, the addition amounts of L-proline and potassium fulvate in the auxiliary materials are 27.7 parts by weight and 8.3 parts by weight, respectively, that is, the addition weight ratio of L-proline to potassium fulvate is 1: 0.3.
Example 9:
the embodiment provides another composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment, which has basically the same components and preparation method as those in embodiment 1, except that in this embodiment, the addition amounts of L-proline and potassium fulvate in the auxiliary materials are respectively 24 parts by weight and 12 parts by weight, that is, the addition weight ratio of L-proline to potassium fulvate is 1: 0.5.
Example 10:
the embodiment provides another composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment, which has basically the same components and preparation method as those in embodiment 1, and is different in that L-proline is not added in auxiliary materials in the embodiment.
Test example:
sorting and crushing the kitchen waste, determining that the protein content and the fat content in the kitchen waste are 6.58 wt% and 25%, blending the composite microbial degrading bacteria provided by the embodiments 1-10 with the kitchen waste, fermenting for 48 hours at normal temperature, and determining the content of each component in the kitchen waste and leachate after fermentation treatment, wherein the specific determination method comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) determining suspended matters, COD (chemical oxygen demand) and ammonia nitrogen in the landfill leachate:
testing the contents of suspended matters, COD and ammonia nitrogen in the landfill leachate by respectively referring to GB/T11901-1989, HJ828-2017 and HJ535-2009, and taking natural accumulation fermentation as a reference;
2) and (3) measuring the protein content in the kitchen garbage:
the protein content (X/%) in the kitchen waste is determined by reference to GB/5009.5-85 and calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula (1), V1Volume of sulfuric acid titration solution consumed by kitchen waste sample, V2Volume of reagent blank spent sulfuric acid titration solution, V3-the volume of the digestive juice is sucked, c-the concentration of the sulphuric acid titration solution, m-the mass of the kitchen waste sample, and the coefficient of converting the F-nitrogen into protein;
3) measuring the fat content in the kitchen garbage:
the fat content (Z/%) in the kitchen waste is tested according to a Soxhlet extraction method, and is calculated by using a formula (2):
in formula (2): m is1Receiving the mass of the bottle and fat, m0Quality of receiving bottle, m2-the quality of the sample of kitchen waste;
the test results are as follows:
TABLE 1 leachate content of suspended matter, COD, Ammonia Nitrogen
Table 1 shows the content test results of suspended matter, COD, and ammonia nitrogen in the leachate obtained after the fermentation treatment of the kitchen waste, as shown in table 1, compared with the natural compost fermentation treatment, the content of suspended matter, COD, and ammonia nitrogen in the leachate obtained after the fermentation treatment by using the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum provided by the present invention is low, which indicates that the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum provided by the present invention has a high treatment effect, and can effectively remove suspended matter, COD, and ammonia nitrogen in the kitchen waste; compared with the examples 1-6, the modification treatment of the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid on the straws can improve the adsorption performance of the straws and the removal rate of suspended matters, COD (chemical oxygen demand) and ammonia nitrogen, and the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straws and the nano-hydroxyapatite have a synergistic effect, so that the treatment effect can be further improved; compared with the examples 7-10, the addition of the L-proline and the potassium fulvate has no obvious influence on the removal of suspended matters, COD (chemical oxygen demand) and ammonia nitrogen in the kitchen garbage.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show the results of the protein and fat degradation rate tests of kitchen waste after fermentation treatment, and it can be seen from the data in the figures that the protein and fat degradation rates of the waste are higher after fermentation treatment by using the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum provided by the invention; compared with the data of the examples 1-6, the data show that the modification treatment of the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid on the straws can improve the adhesion performance of the straws to thalli, improve the protective effect of a carrier on the thalli, enable microorganisms to maintain higher activity all the time, improve the degradation capability of kitchen garbage, and further improve the degradation efficiency due to the synergistic effect of the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straws and nano-hydroxyapatite; compared with the data in the examples 7-10, the addition of L-proline and potassium fulvate can improve the activity of the bacteria, promote the secretion of lipase, protease and the like, and improve the activity of the enzyme, so that the degradation of organic matters in the kitchen garbage by the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum is promoted, and the degradation efficiency is improved.
Conventional techniques in the above embodiments are known to those skilled in the art, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features as applied to various embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the device or method illustrated may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. In addition, the various features and methods described above may be used independently of one another, or may be combined in various ways. All possible combinations and sub-combinations are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Many of the embodiments described above include similar components, and thus, these similar components are interchangeable in different embodiments. While the invention has been disclosed in the context of certain embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Accordingly, the invention is not intended to be limited by the specific disclosure of preferred embodiments herein.
Claims (9)
1. A composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment is characterized by comprising composite bacteria, a carrier and auxiliary materials; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the compound thallus comprises: bacillus subtilis subspecies, bacillus halodurans, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis, wherein the number of effective viable bacteria in the bacteria is more than or equal to 108cfu/mL, wherein the weight percentage of the composite bacteria is 5-10%;
the carrier comprises: 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw and nano-hydroxyapatite, wherein the weight percentage of the carrier is 60-75%;
auxiliary materials: peptone, L-proline, potassium fulvate, and 20-30% of auxiliary materials in percentage by weight.
2. The composite microbial degradation bacterial agent for kitchen waste treatment according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise chen protein, L-proline and potassium fulvate in a ratio of 1 (0.2-0.5) to 0.1-0.2.
3. The composite microbial degradation bacterial agent for kitchen waste treatment according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of L-proline to potassium fulvate is 1: 0.35-0.45.
4. The composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment according to claim 1, wherein the adding weight ratio of the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw to the nano-hydroxyapatite is 1: 0.3-0.45.
5. The composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment according to claim 1, wherein the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw is prepared by the following method:
1) crushing straws, sieving the crushed straws with a sieve of 80-120 meshes to obtain straw powder, soaking the straw powder in a sodium hydroxide/ammonia water mixed solution for more than 12 hours, washing the straw powder to be neutral by using deionized water, and drying the straw powder at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ to obtain alkalized straw powder;
2) mixing the alkalized straw powder with sufficient N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 10-30 min at 40-50 ℃, slowly dropwise adding epoxy chloropropane, heating to 80-90 ℃ after dropwise adding, stirring for reacting for 2-3 h, cooling after the reaction is finished, washing the product to be neutral by using deionized water, and drying at 40-50 ℃ to obtain activated straw powder;
3) mixing activated straw powder with sufficient N, N-dimethylformamide, raising the temperature to 80-100 ℃, stirring to completely dissolve the activated straw powder, adding 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid, continuously stirring to react for 8-12 h, cooling, pouring the cooled activated straw powder into cold water, soaking overnight, performing suction filtration, and drying at 40-50 ℃ to obtain the modified straw.
6. The composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment according to claim 5, wherein in the process of preparing the 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid modified straw, the weight ratio of the alkalized straw powder to the epichlorohydrin is 1: 4-6.
7. The method for preparing a composite microbial degradation bacterial agent for kitchen waste treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
1) respectively carrying out individual culture on bacillus subtilis subspecies, salt-tolerant bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis, respectively inoculating the obtained individual bacterial colonies into corresponding activation culture media according to the inoculation amount of 5-15% for activation culture, respectively inoculating the activated bacterial strains into corresponding fermentation culture media according to the inoculation amount of 2-5% for fermentation culture, and obtaining the effective viable count of more than or equal to 108cfu/mL of microbial fermentation broth;
2) adding a small amount of water into the carrier and the auxiliary materials, uniformly mixing and granulating to obtain particles with the particle size of about 5mm, drying, adding the particles into the microbial fermentation bacteria liquid obtained in the step 1) in proportion, mixing and adsorbing, filtering, and drying to obtain the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum for treating the kitchen waste.
8. The use of the composite microbial degradation bacterial agent for kitchen waste treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the treatment of kitchen waste, characterized by comprising the steps of mixing the composite microbial degradation bacterial agent for kitchen waste treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 6 with kitchen waste to obtain a mixed material, and then carrying out aerobic fermentation to degrade the kitchen waste.
9. The application of claim 8, wherein the addition amount of the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum is 0.05-3% of the weight of the kitchen waste; the oxygen supply amount of the aerobic fermentation is 0.1-0.2 m3/(m3·min)。
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