CN113321559A - Special fertilizer capable of improving quality of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae and fertilizing method - Google Patents

Special fertilizer capable of improving quality of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae and fertilizing method Download PDF

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CN113321559A
CN113321559A CN202110824546.9A CN202110824546A CN113321559A CN 113321559 A CN113321559 A CN 113321559A CN 202110824546 A CN202110824546 A CN 202110824546A CN 113321559 A CN113321559 A CN 113321559A
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fertilizer
content
rhizoma atractylodis
fertilization
potassium
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邱智东
肖春萍
翁丽丽
孙金
姜雨昕
张睿
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Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
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Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/30—Anti-agglomerating additives; Anti-solidifying additives

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a special fertilizer capable of improving the quality of Atractylodes chinensis and a fertilizing method, wherein the special fertilizer comprises a base fertilizer, a topdressing fertilizer and a compound special fertilizer, wherein: the base fertilizer is formed by mixing urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate, and the topdressing fertilizer is formed by mixing urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate; the compound fertilizer is prepared with potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate, root strengthening additive, clay, anticaking agent paste and anticaking agent powder. The invention can obviously improve the contents of atractylone, beta-eudesmol and atractylenolide II, and improve the plant height, the leaf number, the fresh weight of stems and leaves, the length of the longest fibrous root, the fresh weight of fibrous root and the fresh weight of rhizome of the Atractylodes japonica.

Description

Special fertilizer capable of improving quality of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae and fertilizing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a special fertilizer capable of improving the quality of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae and a fertilizing method.
Background
Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz is a perennial herb of Compositae, and dried rhizome is used as medicine, and is one of the sources of Atractylodes lancea medicinal materials collected in Chinese pharmacopoeia of the past year. The rhizoma atractylodis is mainly distributed in the places of Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning, inner Mongolia and the like in China, and is one of the drugs in the North of the Taoism. Along with the increase of the demand of external drugs in China, the wild rhizoma atractylodis resources in north are dug out seriously, so that the storage amount of the wild rhizoma atractylodis resources in north China and northeast China is reduced sharply, and the development of the standardized and large-scale planting research of the rhizoma atractylodis in north China is not slow enough.
At present, research on the atractylodes cultivation technology mainly focuses on breeding methods, field management and the like, and most of the atractylodes lancea is used as a research object, and the atractylodes lancea cultivation technology is still in a groping stage. The improper application level, proportion and method of the fertilizer result in low yield and inconsistent input-output ratio of rhizoma atractylodis. Along with the explosive increase of the demand of external drugs in China, the severe disorderly mining and digging have resulted in the rapid decrease of wild resource reserves of the rhizoma atractylodis in North China and northeast China, and the development of the standardized planting research of the rhizoma atractylodis in North China is not easy. Meanwhile, the cultivating process of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae faces the problems of low yield, poor quality and the like, and the quality of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae produced in different places is uneven.
Research shows that the content of active substances in medicinal materials is influenced by various factors in soil, wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil can obviously influence the growth and development of medicinal plants and the accumulation of medicinal substances, and the mixed application has better effect than the single application. Meanwhile, by applying organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and the like, the nutrient supply of soil can be guaranteed, the soil can be improved, and the yield and the quality of medicinal materials in unit area can be greatly improved. However, different medicinal materials have different requirements on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the growth and development of the medicinal materials are influenced by over-high or over-low single fertilizer amount. The special fertilizer is prepared according to the growth, development and cultivation characteristics of the rhizoma atractylodis and the nutrition requirement. The special fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, can fully exert fertilizer effect, promotes photosynthesis, growth and development and the like of the rhizoma atractylodis, and has great significance for improving the quality of the rhizoma atractylodis and realizing standardized planting and sustainable development of the rhizoma atractylodis.
At present, the special fertilizer is mainly used for agricultural products such as wheat, corn, rice, fruit trees and the like, the special fertilizer for traditional Chinese medicinal materials is less, bitter orange (a special fertilizer for bitter orange, a preparation method and application thereof [ P ]. CN108329102B,2021-05-28 ] in Hunan province) and astragalus membranaceus (a long-acting slow-release special fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus, a preparation method and application thereof [ P ]. CN112457121A,2021-03-09 ] in Gansu province) and the like are protected by patents at present, and the special fertilizer for rhizoma atractylodis in North is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a special fertilizer capable of improving the quality of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae and a fertilizing method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a special fertilizer capable of improving the quality of Atractylodes chinensis comprises a basic fertilizer, an additional fertilizer and a compound special fertilizer, wherein: the base fertilizer is formed by mixing urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate, and the topdressing fertilizer is formed by mixing urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate; the compound fertilizer is prepared with potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate, root strengthening additive, clay, anticaking agent paste and anticaking agent powder.
Further, the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 15-30-5 potassium sulfate of rhizoma atractylodis with a base fertilizer: 20 KG of 46% large-particle urea; 57% diammonium phosphate 715 KG; 20.5% granular ammonium sulfate 165 KG; 100 KG of 50% potassium sulfate;
the additional fertilizer adopts 15-0-15 potassium sulfate mixed fertilizer of rhizoma atractylodis as the additional fertilizer: 25 KG of 46% large-particle urea; 20.5% granular ammonium sulfate 675 KG; 50% potassium sulfate 300 KG; the compound special fertilizer adopts a special compound fertilizer for rhizoma atractylodis 12-24-5(s): 90 KG of 50% potassium sulfate; 55% monoammonium phosphate 525 KG; 20.5% ammonium sulfate 330 KG; 17.1% ammonium bicarbonate 50 KG; root strengthening additive 5 KG; clay 45 KG; 2.5 KG anticaking agent paste; 5 KG of anti-caking agent powder.
The invention also provides a fertilizing method capable of improving the quality of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, which adopts the basic fertilizer, the additional fertilizer and the compound special fertilizerFertilizing; during the seedling stage (late 5 months) of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae during transplantation, the content of quick-acting nitrogen (N) in soil is kept between 27.45 and 70.66 mg/kg-1After the 1 st topdressing in the vegetative growth period (late 6 months), the N content is kept at 29.21-79.67 mg/kg-1After the 2 nd topdressing in the fruit period (late 8 months), the content of N is not less than 23.66 mg/kg-1(ii) a The effective phosphorus (P) content in soil is not lower than 99.33 mg/kg during transplanting-1(ii) a The content of the quick-acting potassium (K) in the soil during transplanting (seedling stage) is kept between 20.79 and 45.20 mg/kg-1After the 1 st additional fertilization (vegetative growth period), the K content is kept at 28.69-65.42 mg/kg-1In the second 2-time topdressing (fruit stage), the K content is not less than 25.34 mg/kg-1。
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the variation of available nitrogen in soil after base fertilizer application under different treatments;
in the figure: the content of quick-acting nitrogen in the soil under different treatments after the base fertilizer is applied A (n = 3); b rapid-acting nitrogen consumption in soil at different periods (n = 30); c consumption of quick-acting nitrogen in soil under different treatments in different periods (C)
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
±s, n=3)。
FIG. 2 shows the variation of available phosphorus in soil after base fertilizer application under different treatments;
in the figure: the effective phosphorus content in the soil under different treatments after the base fertilizer is applied A (n = 3); b effective phosphorus consumption in soil at different periods (n = 30); c, the consumption of available phosphorus in the soil under different treatments in different periods of time (C)
Figure 332932DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
±s, n=3)。
FIG. 3 shows the variation of the available potassium in the soil after applying base fertilizer under different treatments;
in the figure: the content of quick-acting potassium in the soil under different treatments after the base fertilizer is applied (n = 3); b rapid-acting potassium consumption in soil at different periods (n = 30); 5-C consumption of quick-acting potassium in soil treated at different time intervals (
Figure 100031DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
±s, n=3)。
FIG. 4 shows that P-N-K is applied to P-N-D-atractylodes in different nitrogen-P-K formulasnInfluence of (A), (B)
Figure 221571DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
±s, n=3)。
FIG. 5 Effect of different NPK recipes on Gs of Atractylodes lancea (G)
Figure 388110DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
±s, n=3)。
FIG. 6 Effect of different NPK recipes on Tr of Atractylodes lancea: (
Figure 13126DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
±s, n=3)。
FIG. 7 influence of different NPK recipes on Ci of Atractylodes lancea (C)
Figure 482285DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
±s, n=3)。
FIG. 8 shows the effect of various combinations of NPK on the content of atractylodin (Atractylodes lancea and/or Atractylodes chinensis)
Figure 825542DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
±s, n=3)。
Note: the content of basic atractylodin in the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling is 2.2449 +/-0.0132 mg g-1。
FIG. 9 the influence of the combination of NPK on the content of atractylone (Atractylodes lancea and potassium) (
Figure 795772DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
±s, n=3)。
Note: the content of atractylone in the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling base is 1.8074 +/-0.0421 mg g-1。
FIG. 10 shows the effect of various combinations of NPK on the content of beta-eudesmol in Atractylodes lancea
Figure 540874DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
±s, n=3)。
Note: the content of beta-eudesmol in rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae is 2.9488 + -0.0958 mg·g-1。
FIG. 11 shows the effect of various combinations of NPK on the content of Atractylodes lancea lactone II (
Figure 195582DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
±s, n=3)。
Note: the content of the basic atractylenolide II in the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedlings is 0.2757 +/-0.0017 mg.g-1。
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Research on fertilizer requirement rule of rhizoma atractylodis
A fertilization program was designed as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 fertilization type and amount by orthogonal experimental design of L9(34)
Figure 26135DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The method comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out content measurement on the collected and treated soil sample, wherein the quick-acting nitrogen content is measured by adopting a diffusion dish method, the effective phosphorus content is measured by adopting a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method (Bray method), and the quick-acting potassium content is measured by adopting an ammonium acetate leaching-flame photometry method.
Results and analysis:
the demand characteristics of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae on quick-acting nitrogen under different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are given in the following steps: different lower case letters indicate that different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formula fertilizers at the same time have obvious influence difference (P is less than 0.05) on the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, and the following steps are the same.
In fig. 1, a is the content of available nitrogen in the soil under different treatments after base fertilizer application (n = 3); b is the amount of rapid-acting nitrogen consumption in the soil at different periods (n = 30); c is the consumption of quick-acting nitrogen in the soil under different treatments in different periods of time (
Figure 534477DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
±s, n=3)。
According to A in figure 1, the content of the quick-acting nitrogen in the soil after the base fertilizer is applied conforms to the experimental design, the low-medium nitrogen group and the high-medium nitrogen group are in gradient change, and the quick-acting nitrogen content of different fertilization schemes under the same fertilization amount has no significant difference (P)>0.05). From B in FIG. 1, it can be seen that the consumption of the quick-acting nitrogen in the soil after transplanting Atractylodes chinensis is in a descending trend at 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 d, the consumption is increased at 90-120 d, and the consumption is reduced again at 150 d after transplanting Atractylodes chinensis at 120 ℃. As can be seen from C in FIG. 1, the rapid-acting nitrogen is consumed most by the Atractylodes lancea under different treatments of 0-30 days after transplantation, wherein the consumption of the low-nitrogen groups T1, T2 and T3 has no significant difference of 27.45-38.30 mg/kg-1To (c) to (d); the consumption of the medium nitrogen group T5 is up to 63.88 mg kg-1(ii) a The average consumption of quick-acting nitrogen in the high-nitrogen groups T7, T8 and T9 is 68.69 mg kg-1T7 was not significantly different from T5 in the medium nitrogen group. The consumption of the quick-acting nitrogen of the Atractylodes lancea is reduced in comparison with 0-30 days under different treatment of 30-60 days, and the consumption of the fertilization groups is 19.64-37.36 mg/kg-1The consumption in the low-nitrogen group and the high-nitrogen group has no significant difference. Similarly, the consumption of the quick-acting nitrogen of the Atractylodes lancea after being transplanted is reduced in 60-90 days after the transplantation compared with the previous period, and the consumption of the low, medium and high nitrogen groups is respectively 9.36-12.75, 14.91-25.22 and 32.07-42.31 mg/kg-1. The consumption of the quick-acting nitrogen of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae is increased under different treatment of 90-120 days, wherein the low-nitrogen group is integrally increased by 87.39% compared with the last period; the middle and high nitrogen groups rose overall 58.80% and 37.84% respectively over the last period. Under the condition of 120-150 days, the consumption of the quick-acting nitrogen of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae is the lowest under different treatments, and the consumption except T0 is 6.22-19.94 mg kg-1And the difference of the quick-acting nitrogen consumption of the low, medium and high nitrogen groups is reduced. From the above analysis, it is found that the quick-acting nitrogen application amount is 27.45-70.66 mg/kg in 5 months when the base fertilizer is applied-1The basic requirements of 0-30 d growth and development of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae can be met; the quick-acting nitrogen should meet the requirement of 30-90 days for growth when the first topdressing is carried out in 6 months, and the application amount can be 29.21-79.67 mg/kg-1To (c) to (d); the quick-acting nitrogen application amount in the second topdressing of 8 months at least meets the requirement before harvesting, so the application amount is not less than 23.66 mg/kg-1。
The requirement characteristics of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae for effective phosphorus under different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combinations
In fig. 2, a is the available phosphorus content (n =3) in the soil after the base fertilizer is applied and under different treatments; b is available phosphorus consumption in soil at different time periods (n = 30); c is the effective phosphorus consumption of the soil under different treatment in different periods of time (
Figure 806189DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
±s, n=3)。
According to A in figure 2, the content of available phosphorus in the soil after the base fertilizer is applied accords with the experimental design, the low-medium phosphorus group and the high-medium phosphorus group are in gradient change, and the content of available phosphorus in different fertilization schemes under the same fertilization amount has no significant difference (P)>0.05). From B in FIG. 2, it can be seen that the consumption of available phosphorus in the soil after transplanting Atractylodes chinensis is in a downward trend at 0-30, 30-60, 60-90 d, 90-120 d is increased, and the consumption of 120-150 d is decreased again, which is similar to the consumption of available nitrogen in soil. As can be seen from C in FIG. 2, the amount of available phosphorus is consumed by Atractylodes lancea 0-30 days after transplantation, and the amount of phosphorus in the high-phosphorus group T6 is 61.26 mg/kg-1T3 has no significant difference from T6, and T9 is less 47.13 mg-kg-1(ii) a The consumption of the medium phosphorus group is higher, and the consumption of the phosphorus group is reduced to 33.31-47.36 mg/kg-1To (c) to (d); the consumption of the low-phosphorus group T1 is relatively high and is 41.42 mg kg-1The consumption of T4 is relatively small, 28.75 mg kg-1. The consumption of the available phosphorus is reduced in 30-60 d compared with that in 0-30 d, and the difference is reduced, and the treatment except T0 and T4 has no significant difference. The consumption of the effective phosphorus is still reduced in the last period after 60-90 days, wherein the reduction of T4, T5 and T6 is less than 7.05 percent, and the reduction of T1 is 55.50 percent at most. The effective phosphorus consumption of 90-120 days is increased compared with 60-90 days, wherein the consumption of T6 is up to 30.56 mg/kg-1The consumption of other groups except T0 is 21.10-28.49 mg kg-1In the meantime. The consumption of the 120-DEG 150-DEG effective phosphorus is reduced again compared with the previous period, and the consumption of each group except the blank group is 7.38-14.50 mg-kg-1In the meantime. The above analysis shows that the total amount of effective phosphorus consumed by Atractylodes lancea in 0-150 days under different treatments is 99.33-168.35 mg/kg-1In the meantime. Therefore, the effective phosphorus content in the soil should not be lower than 99.33 mg/kg during transplanting-1。
The demand characteristics of different nitrogen phosphorus potassium for the quick-acting potassium of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae
In fig. 3, a is the content of rapid-acting potassium in the soil under different treatments after base fertilizer application (n = 3); b is the rapid-acting potassium consumption in the soil at different periods (n = 30); c is the consumption of the quick-acting potassium in the soil under different treatments in different periods of time (
Figure 679467DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
±s, n=3)。
According to A in figure 3, the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil after the base fertilizer is applied conforms to the experimental design, the low-medium phosphorus group and the high-medium phosphorus group are in gradient change, and the quick-acting potassium content has no significant difference under different fertilization schemes under the same fertilization amount (P)>0.05). From B in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the consumption of the available potassium in the soil after the transplantation of Atractylodes lancea is in a trend of falling-rising-falling inverted 'N' -shape, and the consumption of the available nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil is in a similar trend. As can be seen from FIG. 3-C, the consumption of the rapid-acting potassium in the soil of 0-30 days is large, and the consumption is 20.79-45.20 mg/kg-1In the meantime. The consumption of quick-acting potassium in soil of 30-60 days is lower than that of 0-30 days, wherein the consumption of the high-potassium groups T3, T5 and T7 is at most 36.21-39.54 mg/kg-1And no significant difference exists between different treatments; the consumption of T8 in the low-potassium group is lower to be 18.40 mg kg-12.38 times that of blank T0. 60-90 d still shows a descending trend compared with the previous period, and the consumption amount in different treatments is 8.01-25.88 mg/kg-1Among them, the consumption amount T6 is the most. At 90-120 d, the consumption of the quick-acting potassium in the soil is in an increasing trend compared with that of the soil at 60-90 d, wherein the T7 of the high-potassium group is increased by 38.07% at most in the last period. As with the quick-acting nitrogen and the available phosphorus, the quick-acting potassium is in the descending trend at 150 d of 120-sodium-potassium-phosphate, and the consumption of the groups except the blank group T0 is 11.20-20.51 mg kg-1In the meantime. From the analysis, the application amount of the quick-acting potassium is 20.79-45.20 mg/kg to meet the growth and development requirements of 0-30 d of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae when the base fertilizer is applied for 5 months-1To (c) to (d); the quick-acting potassium should meet the requirement of 30-90 days for growth when the first topdressing is carried out in 6 months, and the application amount can be 28.69-65.42 mg.kg-1To (c) to (d); the application amount of the quick-acting potassium in the second topdressing of 8 months is not less than 25.34 mg/kg-1。
Secondly, the influence of fertilizer distribution on the photosynthetic property and growth index of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae
The method comprises the following steps:
1.1 photosynthetic parameter determination
After the north atractylodes rhizome plant is transplanted in 2019 for 5 months, 3 functional leaves of the north atractylodes rhizome leaf which grows vigorously are randomly selected in each cell at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120D respectively and marked, a 3051D portable photosynthetic measurement system is adopted to measure the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the stomatal conductance (Gs), the transpiration rate (Tr) and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) of photosynthetic gas exchange parameters at 14:00-16:00, and the measurement is repeated for 3 times each time.
Growth indicator determination
Randomly sampling 6 plants in each parallel cell at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 d after transplanting, measuring the plant height, the leaf number, the fresh weight of stems and leaves, the longest fibrous root length, the fresh weight of fibrous roots and the fresh weight of rhizomes of the Atractylodes chinensis, and respectively recording.
Results
2.1 Effect of different combinations of NPK on photosynthetic characteristics of Atractylodes lancea
2.1.1 Effect of different combinations of NPK on the net photosynthetic Rate of Atractylodes lancea
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the Pn variation of the leaves of Atractylodes chinensis is significantly different under the fertilization of 10 groups of different NPK formulas, and increases with the increase of the treatment time at 0-90 days, and decreases with the increase of the treatment time at 90-120 days. The Pn value of T6 after 90 d treatment was at most 8.40. mu. mol. m-2·s-1The increases were 69.35%, 33.33%, 20.69%, 16.02%, 39.07, 54.98%, 29.23%, 32.49%, 37.25% compared to T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T7, T8, T9 treatments, respectively. The Pn value of T0 is at least 4.96. mu. mol. m-2·s-1Compared with the untreated product, the increase is 98.40%. Meanwhile, T0 to T9 show obvious M-type trend in the whole experiment period and reach high points at T3 and T6 respectively, which shows that the T3 and T6 schemes can effectively promote the elevation of the leaf Pn in the growth and development period of the rhizoma atractylodis.
Influence of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combinations on stomatal conductance of rhizoma atractylodis
As shown in FIG. 5, the different NPK recipes apply fertilizer to make the leaf of Atractylodes lancea qi flowThe degree of pore opening varied, increasing with increasing treatment time from 0 to 90 d and decreasing with increasing time from 90 to 120 d. The trend was the same as Pn at each time point, and reached a maximum at T3 and T6, respectively. The corresponding Gs reaches the maximum value under different nitrogen phosphorus potassium formulas at 90 d, at the moment, no significant difference exists among T1, T4 and T5 among T0, T8 and T9, and 2 peaks of T3 and T6 are 41.74 and 41.06 mol · m-2·s-1And no significant difference. From the above, the photosynthesis of the atractylodes rhizome is the most vigorous when the atractylodes rhizome is transplanted for 90 d, and the schemes of T3 and T6 have a great promoting effect on the opening of the leaves Gs of the atractylodes rhizome.
Influence of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combinations on transpiration rate of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae
As can be seen from fig. 6, under the fertilization treatment with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formulas, the Tr value of the leaves of the atractylodes macrocephala is basically consistent with the change trend of Pn and Gs along with time, and the same M-type trend is observed from T0 to T9 in each time point except for the fertilization scheme of T5, and the high points are reached at T3 and T6 respectively. At 90 d, the Tr value under different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formulas is greatly increased compared with that under 0 d, and the Tr maximum value under the T3 fertilization scheme is 3.26 mmol.m-2·s-1Tr value under the T6 fertilization scheme is 3.20 mmol · m-2·s-1There was no significant difference between the two. Where T3 was increased 71.58% compared to the smallest T0 and 321.05% compared to 0 d. From the above, the T3 and T6 schemes have a great promoting effect on the north atractylodes rhizome leaf Tr in the growing period.
Influence of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combinations on intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of Atractylodes chinensis
As can be seen from fig. 7, the change trend of Ci values of the leaves of the atractylodes lancea under different nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium formula fertilization treatments with time is basically consistent with Pn, Gs and Tr, but the change amplitudes are different under different fertilization schemes, the rise amplitude is the largest under the T0 fertilization scheme, and the rise amplitude is the smallest under the T6 fertilization scheme. At each time point, T0 to T9 show obvious W-shaped trend, which is opposite to the change trend of Pn, Gs and Tr. At the same time, the Ci value reaches the maximum under different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formulas at 90 d, wherein the Ci value reaches the maximum of 523.06 mu mol.m under a T0 fertilization scheme-2·s-1Compared with other fertilization schemes, the fertilizer is increased by 4.36%, 12.75%, 30.17%, 6.46%, 20.73%, 39.04%, 15.38%, 7.45% and 0.35% respectively.At the moment, there is no significant difference between T2 and T7 between T0 and T9, and the difference between other fertilization schemes is obvious. From the above, the Ci of the leaves of Atractylodes chinensis has a negative correlation trend with Pn, Gs and Tr, i.e., the larger Pn, Gs and Tr is, the lower the carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of Atractylodes chinensis is.
Influence of different nitrogen phosphorus potassium formula fertilization on growth indexes of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae
2.2.1 Effect of different combinations of NPK on plant height of Atractylodes lancea
TABLE 2 influence (cm) of the plant height of Atractylodes lancea due to different combinations of NPK
Figure 59633DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Note: 1) different lower case letters indicate that different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formula fertilizers at the same time have obvious influence difference (P is less than 0.05) on the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, and the following steps are the same.
2) The basic plant height of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling is 5.86 +/-1.08 cm.
As can be seen from Table 2, the plant heights of Atractylodes chinensis were significantly different 30 days after transplantation under different NPK fertilizer formulations. When the plant height of the Atractylodes chinensis is 30 days, the plant height is greatly increased compared with 0 d, the average range of the plant height is 9.62-14.53 cm, wherein the average value under the T3 fertilization scheme is the largest, and the T6, the T7, the T8 and the T3 have no significant difference; the mean value under the T9 fertilization scheme is minimum, and the T0 scheme has no significant difference with the T9 scheme. When the plant is transplanted for 60 d, the growth amplitude of the plant is reduced compared with that of 0-30 d, wherein the growth amplitude of the T1 scheme is increased by 46.51% at most compared with that of the last period, at the moment, the heights of the lower north rhizoma atractylodis in the T1, T2, T3, T6 and T8 schemes have no significant difference, and the maximum height of the T3 scheme is 17.17 cm. When the plant is transplanted for 90 days, the height of the Atractylodes chinensis is not obviously changed compared with the previous period, and the average plant height is between 11.38 and 17.42 cm. And at 120 d, the plant height is slightly increased compared with the last period, which is probably caused by the fact that the rhizoma atractylodis sinensis enters the flowering phase, the plant height difference differentiation under different fertilization schemes is obvious, and the difference between the fertilization scheme of T5 and the blank group is not obvious, so that the plant height is increased by 9.66-45.60% in each group compared with the blank group. At 150 d of transplanting, the plant height of each test group has no obvious change compared with the previous period, and the average height is between 12.94 cm and 18.34 cm. From the above, the plant height of the Atractylodes chinensis is fast growing at 0-60 d, the growth is slow at 60-90 d, the small rising trend of 90-120 d is probably caused by entering the flowering phase, the growth is almost stopped at 120-150 d, and the overall difference of the plant heights under different fertilization schemes is small, wherein the plant heights under the T1, T2, T3, T6 and T8 schemes are slightly higher than those under other fertilization groups.
Influence of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combinations on the number of leaves of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae
TABLE 3 influence of different NPK combinations on the number of leaves of Atractylodes lancea
Figure 43769DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Note: the number of basic leaves of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedlings is 6.45 +/-1.56.
As can be seen from Table 3, under the condition of fertilization by different NPK formulas, the difference of the number of leaves of the Atractylodes chinensis is obvious after 30 d transplantation, the number of leaves is between 6.17 and 18.17, and the maximum number of leaves is the T6 scheme. The number of leaves in each test group is increased when the leaves are transplanted for 60 d compared with 30 d, wherein the increase of the T0 scheme is at most about 5 pieces on average, and the number of the leaves is not significantly different from that of the fertilization group T1. When the seedlings are transplanted for 90 d, the number of the leaves is between 11.83 and 18.83, and the leaves are not obviously changed compared with the leaves in the last period. When the seedlings are transplanted for 120 d, the average range of the number of the leaves is 9.00-19.33, the number of the leaves under the T6 fertilization scheme is the largest, and the seedlings have no significant difference from T2 and T3; the number of leaves under the T7 fertilization scheme is minimum, and the method has no significant difference with the T8. And when the leaves are transplanted for 150 d, the number of the leaves of the Atractylodes chinensis in the withering period is obviously reduced compared with 120 d, wherein the reduction of T3 is reduced by 57.00 percent at most, and at the moment, the number of the leaves in the T2 scheme is about 11 at most. From the above, the number of leaves of the Atractylodes chinensis is increased rapidly at 0-60 d, the change of the number of leaves at 60-120 d is small, the number of leaves entering the withering period at 120-150 d is reduced, and the growth of the Atractylodes chinensis leaves is greatly promoted by the T2, the T3 and the T6 under different fertilization schemes.
Influence of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combinations on fresh weight of rhizoma atractylodis sinensis stems and leaves
TABLE 4 influence of the combination of NPK on the fresh weight of leaves and leaves of Atractylodes lancea (g)
Figure 701147DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Note: the fresh weight of the basic stem leaves of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedlings is 0.85 plus or minus 0.31 g.
As can be seen from Table 4, under the condition of fertilization of different nitrogen phosphorus potassium formulas, the fresh weight of the stems and leaves of the Atractylodes chinensis is increased to different degrees after 30 days of transplantation, wherein the maximum average value of the fresh weight of the stems and leaves in the T3 scheme reaches 2.90 g, and is increased by 2.49 times; the minimum average weight added by the blank group T0 was 1.51 g, and the fresh weight of stems and leaves of each fertilization group was greater than that of the blank group. When the seedlings are transplanted for 60 d, the fresh weight of stems and leaves of each test group is increased compared with that of 30 d, and at the moment, the fresh weight of stems and leaves of each test group is obviously different from that of a blank group except for the T5 scheme. The fresh weight of the stem leaves is respectively 2.83-3.98 g and 2.83-4.39 g at 90 days and 120 days after transplanting, and the fresh weight is not obviously changed in the last period and is consistent with the change of the number of the leaves. At 150 days after transplanting, the plant of the rhizoma atractylodis enters the withering period, the fresh weight of the stem leaves falling off due to dry leaves is reduced, and the difference of the fresh weight of the stem leaves treated differently is obvious. From the above, the fresh weight of the stem and leaf of the Atractylodes chinensis is the same as the change trend of the leaf number, the yield is faster when the weight is 0-60 d, the change is smaller when the weight is 60-120 d, the change is smaller when the weight is 120-150 d, and the T3 and T6 have great promotion effects on the growth of the fresh weight of the stem and leaf of the Atractylodes chinensis under different fertilization schemes.
Influence of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combinations on the longest fibrous root length of rhizoma atractylodis
TABLE 5 influence of the combination of NPK on the longest fibrous root length of Atractylodes lancea (cm)
Figure 745326DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Note: the longest root length of the north atractylodes rhizome seedling base is 6.92 plus or minus 1.37 cm.
As can be seen from Table 5, under the fertilization of different NPK formulas, the longest fibrous root length of the Atractylodes chinensis has no significant difference between the fertilization groups and the blank at 30 d of transplantation, and has a difference at 60 d, at this time, the maximum average value of the longest fibrous root length of the T6 scheme reaches 17.40 cm, and the fertilization schemes of T3 and T4 have no significant difference from the fertilization scheme of T6. When the seedlings are transplanted for 90 d, the maximum beard root length is in an ascending trend compared with the last period, and the maximum beard root length of each fertilization group is significantly different from that of the blank group. When the seedlings are transplanted to 120 d, the longest fibrous root length changes less in the last period, the average value ranges from 16.45 cm to 20.87 cm, the longest fibrous root length under the fertilization schemes of T3 and T6 is 20.87 cm and 19.90 cm respectively, the longest fibrous root length under the fertilization scheme of T0 is the shortest, and the fertilization schemes except the fertilization schemes of T0, T3 and T6 have no significant difference. At the time of transplanting 150 d, the longest fibrous root length of each test group reaches the maximum value, wherein the maximum value under the T6 scheme is 22.58 cm, which is 1.33 times of that of the blank group. From the above, the longest fibrous root of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae grows faster at 0-90 days, the growth rate is slowed down at 90-150 days, and the overall difference of the longest fibrous root under different fertilization schemes is small.
Influence of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combinations on fresh weight of fibrous root of Atractylodes lancea
TABLE 6 influence of the combination of NPK on the fresh weight of rhizoma Atractylodis
Figure 347209DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Note: the fresh weight of the basic fibrous root of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling is 0.74 +/-0.17 g.
As can be seen from Table 6, under the fertilization of different NPK formulas, the fresh weight of the fibrous root of Atractylodes chinensis has no significant difference with the longest fibrous root when transplanted for 30 days among the same test groups. When the seedlings are transplanted for 60 days, the fresh weight of fibrous roots of each test group has significant difference, the average mass is 1.94-2.96 g, the fresh weight of the fibrous roots of a blank group T0 is the smallest, the fresh weight of the fibrous roots under a T4 fertilization scheme is the largest, and the fresh weight of the fibrous roots of other test groups except T0, T4 and T7 has no significant difference. At the time of 90 d transplanting, the fresh weight of the fibrous roots in the T3 scheme is maximum 4.00 g in the same period, and at the time, the treatment except the T3 and the T5 scheme has no significant difference from the blank group. When the seedlings are transplanted for 120 d, the overall average weight of the fresh fibrous roots is 4.26 g, the maximum fresh weight of the fibrous roots is 5.47 g under a T6 fertilization scheme, the minimum fresh weight of the fibrous roots is 3.35 g under a T5 fertilization scheme, and the differences between T3 and T6 are not obvious under different nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium formula fertilization, and the differences between T0, T4, T5, T7 and T9 are not obvious. At the time of 150 d transplanting, the fresh weight of fibrous roots of each test group reaches the maximum value, and the T6 scheme is 6.29 g at the maximum and is 1.41 times of that of the blank group. From the above, the fresh weight of the fibrous root of the Atractylodes chinensis is continuously increased along with the increase of the transplanting time, and the overall difference is smaller under different fertilization schemes.
Influence of different nitrogen phosphorus potassium combinations on fresh weight of rhizome of Atractylodes chinensis
TABLE 7 influence of the combination of NPK on the fresh weight of rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (g)
Figure 72719DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Note: the fresh weight of the rhizome of the Atractylodes chinensis seedling is 0.72 plus or minus 0.20 g.
As can be seen from Table 7, the fresh weight of rhizome of Atractylodes chinensis has no significant difference in 30 d transplanting under the condition of different NPK formula fertilization, which is the same as the longest root length and fresh weight of fibrous root. When the rootstocks are transplanted for 60 d, the fresh weights of the rootstocks of each test group have significant difference, the average mass is between 1.08 and 2.92 g, the T6 scheme is the maximum value, and the T3 and the T6 have no significant difference. At 90 d of transplanting, the fresh weight of the rootstocks of each test group is increased to different degrees compared with the fresh weight of the rootstocks in the last period, wherein the change of T2 is increased by 65.66 percent to the maximum. When the seedlings are transplanted for 120 d, the overall average value of the fresh weight of the rhizome is 3.47 g, the fresh weight of the rhizome of the rhizoma atractylodis north under the fertilization of different nitrogen phosphorus and potassium formulas is higher than that of a blank control group T0, wherein the maximum fresh weight of the rhizome under the fertilization scheme of T6 is 4.56 g, and is 1.95 times of T0. When the seedlings are transplanted for 150 d, the fresh weight of the rootstocks of each test group reaches the maximum value, the differential differentiation of each test group is obvious, the average mass is 2.35-4.90 g, the fresh weight of the rootstocks of the T6 scheme is the maximum, the T3 and the T6 have no significant difference, and simultaneously, each fertilization group is obviously higher than the blank group. According to the above, the change trends of the fresh weight of the rhizome and the fresh weight of the fibrous root of the Atractylodes chinensis are the same and are continuously increased along with the increase of transplanting time, the fresh weights of the rhizome of T3 and T6 under different fertilization schemes are larger, and are similar to the change trends of Pn, Gs, Tr and the like, which shows that the T3 and T6 schemes are favorable for promoting the growth and development of the Atractylodes chinensis.
Thirdly, the influence of the fertilizer on the content of the effective components of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae
Method
1.1 method for measuring content
1.1.1 chromatographic conditions
A chromatographic column: agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(250 mm. times.4.6 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase: acetonitrile (A) -0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (B), gradient elution (0-3 min, 55% A; 3-20 min, 55% A → 60% A; 20-35 min, 60% A → 65% A; 35-55 min, 65% A → 85% A; 55-60 min, 85% A → 95% A); detecting the slope length: 0-28 min, 208 nm (atractylenolide II, beta-eudesmol), 28-45 min, 340 nm (atractylodin), 45-60 min, 220 nm (atractylone); sample introduction amount: 15 mu L of the solution; flow rate: 1 mL. min-1(ii) a Column temperature: at 32 ℃.
Preparation of Mixed control solutions
Accurately weighing appropriate amount of atractylone, beta-eucalyptol and atractylenolide II, dissolving with methanol to obtain the final product with mass concentration of 44.0, 53.4, 33.0, 10.1 μ g/mL-1The stock solution of (4) is mixed for standby.
Preparation of test solution
The powder of the sample is precisely weighed to be 0.3 g, and the sample solution is obtained by referring to the content determination method under the item of rhizoma atractylodis in the first part of the 2015 edition Chinese pharmacopoeia.
2 results and analysis
2.1 influence of the combination of different NPK on the content of effective components of Atractylodes lancea
2.1.1 Effect of different combinations of NPK on Atractylodes lancea extract content
As can be seen from FIG. 8, the content of atractylodin in rhizome of Atractylodes lancea processed by different NPK formulas is greatly increased within 0-30 days of transplantation, and the content is 2.8771-5.5600 mg g-1In the meantime, the content of the T6 fertilization scheme is the highest, the content of the blank group T0 is the lowest, and the content of each fertilization group is higher than that of the blank group. The content of atractyloin in each test group is reduced overall at the time of 60 d transplanting, and the highest content is 4.3262 mg g.g in the T6 fertilization scheme-1The blank T0 content was only 65.71% of T6 as minimum. When the plant is transplanted for 90 days, the content of atractylodin still decreases in comparison with the last period, but the content difference of each test group is reduced, and the content is 2.6838-3.5704 mg g-1Meanwhile, the content of the T8 fertilization program is the highest. When the plant is transplanted for 120 d, the highest content of the atractylodin is 3.2813 mg g under the T6 fertilization scheme-1The content of atractylonin under the T0 fertilization scheme is the lowest and is only 0.62 times of that under the T6 scheme, and the other schemes except the T9 fertilization scheme are similar to the T0 formulaThere are significant differences. The content of atractylodin is increased at 150 days compared with 120 days, and is 2.6588-4.5589 mg g-1The content of the T6 fertilization scheme is highest, the content of the blank group T0 is lowest, and the T2 and T5 fertilization schemes have no significant difference with the T0. According to the analysis, the content of atractylodin in rhizome of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae under the T6 fertilization scheme is the highest in the development stage, which shows that the scheme has a great promotion effect on the biosynthesis of polyacetylene components.
Influence of different nitrogen phosphorus potassium combinations on content of atractylone in rhizoma atractylodis
As can be seen from fig. 9, after the atractylone content in the rhizome of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae treated by different nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium formula fertilizers is transplanted for 30 days, the blank group T0 is reduced to a certain degree, and other fertilizer groups are increased to different degrees, wherein the T2 fertilizer application scheme is increased to 5.2493 mg g-1. When the seedlings are transplanted for 60 d, the fertilizer application schemes are slightly increased except for T0, T1, T8 and T9, and the other groups are all reduced, wherein the content is 2.0332-4.0396 mg g-1Meanwhile, the content of the T8 fertilization scheme is the highest, and the content of the T5 fertilization scheme is the lowest. When the seedlings are transplanted for 90 days, the content of the T4 fertilization program is up to 3.8462 mg g-1The content of the T5 fertilization program is still the lowest 2.2087 mg g-1. The content of atractylone is reduced when transplanted for 120 d compared with the last period, and is 0.9688-3.1136 mg g-1The content of the fertilizer is the lowest under the T0 fertilization scheme, the content of atractylone in the fertilization group is higher than that in the blank control group T0, and the significant difference exists. When the seedlings are transplanted for 150 d, the content of each test group is in a rising trend compared with the last season, and the content of atractylone in the T4 fertilization scheme is obviously higher than that in other fertilization treatments, so that the content reaches 4.5252 mg g-1And is 1.51 times that of blank T0. The analysis shows that the content of atractylone in rhizome of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae is higher in the T4 fertilization scheme, which indicates that the scheme can effectively improve the metabolic rate of sesquiterpene components and promote the synthesis and accumulation of atractylone.
Influence of different nitrogen phosphorus potassium combinations on beta-eudesmol content of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae
As can be seen from FIG. 10, the beta-eudesmol content in rhizome of Atractylodes lancea processed by different NPK formulas has a great difference in 30 days after transplantation, wherein the fertilization schemes of T3, T4, T8 and T9 are better than those of transplanted rhizomeThe fertilizer has no obvious change, the contents of T0, T1, T2, T5, T6 and T7 are obviously increased, and the maximum content of a T5 fertilization scheme is 5.1805 mg g-1. The content of beta-eudesmol in rhizome of Atractylodes lancea is remarkably reduced in 60 days of transplantation compared with 30 days, and the content is 0.5364-1.0132 mg g-1In between, the T2 protocol decreased by at most 89.63%. When the seedlings are transplanted for 90 days, the content of the beta-eudesmol is slightly reduced compared with the content in the last period, and the content of the T6 fertilization scheme is 0.8178 mg g-1And 3.91 times that of blank T0. The beta-eudesmol content is 0.1588-1.3881 mg g during 120 d transplanting-1In the meantime, the content of the fertilizer under the T6 fertilization scheme is still the highest, and the content of each fertilization group is higher than that of the blank group. The content of beta-eudesmol is increased when the fertilizer is 150 days compared with 120 days, and the content of the T2 fertilization program is 1.5416 mg g-151.92% higher than the last period. From the analysis, the content of beta-cineol in rhizome of Atractylodes chinensis under the fertilization schemes of T2 and T6 is higher in the development period, which shows that different fertilizer proportions can possibly play a similar synergistic effect, and provides a basis for reducing the fertilizer consumption and reducing the agricultural production cost.
Influence of different nitrogen phosphorus potassium combinations on content of atractylenolide II in Atractylodes lancea
As can be seen from FIG. 11, the atractylenolide II content in rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala after fertilization treatment with different NPK formulas is greatly increased at 30 days after transplantation, wherein the atractylenolide II content in the T5 and T6 schemes is respectively 0.7837 mg g-1、0.738 6 mg·g-1The lowest content of the T8 fertilization program is 0.4492 mg g-1The blank group T0 is 0.5657 mg g slightly higher than T8-1T4, T7, T9 were not significantly different from T0. When the plant is transplanted for 60 days, the content of atractylenolide II in each test group is reduced compared with that in 30 days, the reduction of the T5 scheme is reduced by 47.13 percent at most, the reduction of the T8 scheme is reduced by 5.94 percent at least, and the content of atractylenolide II is in the range of 0.3219-0.6075 mg.g-1The content of the T6 scheme is the highest, and the content of the blank group T0 is the lowest. When transplanted for 90 days, the content of atractylenolide II is not obviously changed in the last period, and the content of each group is 0.3359-0.4869 mg g-1In the meantime. The highest group T8 of atractylenolide II content is 0.4518 mg g when transplanted for 120 days-1The lowest group T0 is 0.2873 mg g-1Wherein, the fertilization schemes of T5, T6, T7 and T8 have no significant difference. When the plant is transplanted for 150 days, the content of atractylenolide II is in a rising trend compared with the last period, and the content of the T7 scheme is 0.6484 mg g-11.61 times of spatiotemporal white group T0, and there was no significant difference between T2, T3, T6 and T7 regimens. The analysis proves that the content of atractylenolide II in rhizome of Atractylodes chinensis is higher in the development period in the T6 fertilization scheme, and the scheme has a promoting effect on the synthesis and accumulation of sesquiterpene components.
Analysis of optimal fertilization scheme of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae under different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium coordination
And comprehensively evaluating the growth conditions of the rhizoma atractylodis north under the fertilization of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formulas in the harvesting period (namely 150 days) by adopting a fuzzy mathematical membership function method. The membership function is formulated as follows.
U(Xi)=(Xi-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin) i=1，2，3···，n (1)，
U(Xi)=1-(Xi-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin) i=1，2，3···，n (2)。
In the formula, U (X)i) Applying fertilizer to rhizoma Atractylodis with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formulas to determine index XminIs the minimum value of the index, XmaxIs the maximum value of the index. If a certain index is negatively correlated with the growth condition, the calculation is performed by the formula (2). And finally, calculating the average membership function value of each index of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae under different nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium formula fertilization, wherein the larger the numerical value is, the better the growth effect of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae under the fertilization condition is. As can be seen from table 10, the membership functions of the fresh weight of rhizome and effective component content of atractylodes rhizome under different nitrogen phosphorus potassium formula fertilization are as follows from small to large: t0<T1<T5<T9<T8<T7=T2<T4<T3<T6. The membership mean values of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae under different fertilization schemes are all larger than that of the blank group T0, which indicates that the fresh weight and the effective component accumulation of the rhizome of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae are directly influenced by the matching application of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Meanwhile, the proper nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed application has a great positive effect on the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, and the effect of the T6 (mixed fertilizer) fertilization scheme in the evaluation system is optimal.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The special fertilizer capable of improving the quality of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae is characterized in that: comprises a basic fertilizer, an additional fertilizer and a compound special fertilizer, wherein: the base fertilizer is formed by mixing urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate, and the topdressing fertilizer is formed by mixing urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate; the compound fertilizer is prepared with potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate, root strengthening additive, clay, anticaking agent paste and anticaking agent powder.
2. The special fertilizer for improving the quality of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the base fertilizer adopts 15-30-5 potassium sulfate mixed fertilizer base fertilizer: 20 KG of 46% large-particle urea; 57% diammonium phosphate 715 KG; 20.5% granular ammonium sulfate 165 KG; 100 KG of 50% potassium sulfate; the additional fertilizer adopts 15-0-15 potassium sulfate mixed fertilizer of rhizoma atractylodis as the additional fertilizer: 25 KG of 46% large-particle urea; 20.5% granular ammonium sulfate 675 KG; 50% potassium sulfate 300 KG; the compound special fertilizer adopts a special compound fertilizer for rhizoma atractylodis 12-24-5(s): 90 KG of 50% potassium sulfate; 55% monoammonium phosphate 525 KG; 20.5% ammonium sulfate 330 KG; 17.1% ammonium bicarbonate 50 KG; root strengthening additive 5 KG; clay 45 KG; 2.5 KG anticaking agent paste; 5 KG of anti-caking agent powder.
3. A fertilizing method capable of improving quality of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae is characterized in that: the base fertilizer, the top dressing fertilizer and the compound special fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 2 are used for fertilization.
4. The fertilizing method capable of improving the quality of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: during the seedling stage (late 5 months) of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae during transplantation, the content of quick-acting nitrogen (N) in soil is kept between 27.45 and 70.66 mg/kg-1After the 1 st topdressing in the vegetative growth period (late 6 months), the N content is kept at 29.21-79.67 mg·kg-1After the 2 nd topdressing in the fruit period (late 8 months), the content of N is not less than 23.66 mg/kg-1(ii) a The effective phosphorus (P) content in soil is not lower than 99.33 mg/kg during transplanting-1(ii) a The content of the quick-acting potassium (K) in the soil during transplanting (seedling stage) is kept between 20.79 and 45.20 mg/kg-1After the 1 st additional fertilization (vegetative growth period), the K content is kept at 28.69-65.42 mg/kg-1In the second 2-time topdressing (fruit stage), the K content is not less than 25.34 mg/kg-1。
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