CN113321474B - Anti-seepage sprayed concrete - Google Patents
Anti-seepage sprayed concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN113321474B CN113321474B CN202110827598.1A CN202110827598A CN113321474B CN 113321474 B CN113321474 B CN 113321474B CN 202110827598 A CN202110827598 A CN 202110827598A CN 113321474 B CN113321474 B CN 113321474B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/10—Clay
- C04B14/106—Kaolin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
- C04B14/383—Whiskers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
- C04B14/46—Rock wool ; Ceramic or silicate fibres
- C04B14/4643—Silicates other than zircon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B16/02—Cellulosic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
- C04B40/0046—Premixtures of ingredients characterised by their processing, e.g. sequence of mixing the ingredients when preparing the premixtures
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of building materials, and particularly discloses impervious shotcrete. The anti-seepage sprayed concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 400 parts of cement, 869-905 parts of medium sand, 740-765 parts of fine stone, 60-80 parts of admixture, 10-20 parts of impervious fiber, 10-15 parts of accelerating agent, 5.2-5.8 parts of water reducing agent and 190-200 parts of water; the admixture consists of fly ash, metakaolin and redispersible latex powder in a weight ratio of 3-5; the impervious fiber consists of 3-5-2-4 parts by weight of basalt fiber, lignocellulose, sepiolite fiber and calcium sulfate whisker. The anti-permeability shotcrete has the advantages of good anti-permeability performance and high compressive strength.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of building materials, and more particularly relates to impervious shotcrete.
Background
The sprayed concrete refers to concrete sprayed by a pressure spray gun, and can be divided into a sprayed concrete dry mixing method and a sprayed concrete wet mixing method according to a spraying mode, wherein the sprayed concrete dry mixing method is a method of uniformly mixing cement, sand and stone in a dry state, conveying the mixture and an accelerating agent to a nozzle by using compressed air, mixing the mixture and pressure water, and then irrigating; the sprayed concrete wet mixing method is a method of pumping the mixed concrete to a nozzle through a mud jacking pump and then carrying out sprinkling irrigation by using compressed air. The wet mix method of shotcrete is widely applied at present because the powder pollution and rebound condition of the shotcrete dry mix method are serious.
The sprayed concrete has the advantages of convenient construction, short construction period and strong adaptability, and is mainly used in the fields of primary or permanent support of tunnels and roadways, foundation pit slope support, structural reinforcement and maintenance and the like. Because the sprayed concrete needs to be quickly set after being sprayed, a certain amount of quick-setting agent needs to be added into the sprayed concrete, but due to the quick-setting characteristic, a large amount of hydration heat can be released in the early stage, so that the sprayed concrete has the phenomena of low early strength and easy shrinkage cracking, particularly when the load is increased, micro cracks can be developed and expanded to form main cracks penetrating through a matrix, and the cracks become main water seepage channels, so that the damage inside the concrete is accelerated, and the stability and the safety of the structure are influenced. Therefore, it is very important to improve the impermeability of the shotcrete.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the impermeability of shotcrete, the present application provides an impermeable shotcrete.
The anti-seepage sprayed concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 400 parts of cement, 869-905 parts of medium sand, 740-762 parts of fine stone, 60-80 parts of admixture, 10-20 parts of impervious fiber, 10-15 parts of accelerator, 5.2-5.8 parts of water reducer and 190-200 parts of water;
the admixture is composed of 3-5 wt% of fly ash, metakaolin and redispersible emulsion powder, wherein the weight ratio of the fly ash to the metakaolin is 1;
the impervious fiber consists of 3-5-2-4 parts by weight of basalt fiber, lignocellulose, sepiolite fiber and calcium sulfate whisker.
Because the quick-setting admixture is added into the sprayed concrete, the sprayed concrete can emit a large amount of hydration heat at the early stage due to the quick-setting characteristic, so that micro cracks are generated, and the problems of crack development and strength reduction are caused; in order to solve the problem, the application starts from three aspects of reducing the early shrinkage cracking of the concrete, slowing the crack development and improving the impermeability of the cracked concrete respectively. By adopting the technical scheme, the fly ash, the metakaolin and the redispersible latex powder are compounded to serve as the admixture, so that the reduction of the strength of the sprayed concrete caused by the accelerating agent can be effectively inhibited, the cracking stress caused by shrinkage can be better resisted, the early cracking degree of the sprayed concrete is reduced, and the later-stage compressive strength of the sprayed concrete is improved.
In order to improve the impermeability and compressive strength of sprayed concrete, most of fibers added in the traditional sprayed concrete are steel fibers, and the steel fibers have the advantages of high strength and stable mechanical property, but the steel fibers have higher density, so that the steel fibers and the concrete can be separated and fall off during spraying, and particularly, when the sprayed concrete is constructed on the side wall or the top wall of a building, the concrete has the phenomenon of non-uniformity (such as thin top and thick bottom) due to the action of gravity; furthermore, in coastal areas, the corrosion of steel fibers in concrete matrices by chloride ion penetration also leads to a reduction in the durability of steel fiber concrete. Therefore, the basalt fiber, the lignin fiber, the sepiolite fiber and the calcium sulfate whisker are compounded to serve as the impervious fiber, the impervious fiber has the advantages of excellent flexibility and dispersity, the compatibility of the impervious fiber and a concrete matrix is improved, the mixed concrete mixture can be uniformly kept stable in the original state, the shrinkage and the expansion of the system are reduced, when the impervious fiber is sprayed on the side wall or the top of a building, the impervious fiber has good stability and is not prone to generate the layering phenomenon, when the concrete generates cracks due to hydration heat, micro cracks can be bridged, the crack width is controlled, the compressive strength of the matrix is improved, the development of the cracks can be inhibited, the impervious performance of the impervious fiber is improved, and the load carrying capacity and the compressive strength of the concrete are improved.
Preferably, the cement is p.o42.5r rapid hardening portland cement.
By adopting the technical scheme, the rapid hardening portland cement is called rapid hardening cement for short, has the characteristics of rapid development of early strength and continuous increase of later strength, can improve the early strength of sprayed concrete by taking the rapid hardening cement as a cementing material of the sprayed concrete, and is beneficial to improvement of construction progress.
Preferably, the fine stone is 5-10mm continuous gradation, and the apparent density is 2700-2720kg/m 3 Bulk density of 1520-1530kg/m 3 。
By adopting the technical scheme, in view of the special construction mode of the sprayed concrete, the rebound resilience of the sprayed concrete needs to be reduced as much as possible, and the early strength of the sprayed concrete needs to be improved; the fine stone adopts 5-10mm continuous gradation, which not only can provide good compressive strength for concrete, but also can reduce the rebound rate and reduce the blockage of concrete mixture in the pipeline of the injection machine.
Preferably, the fineness modulus of the medium sand is 2.8-3.0, and the apparent density is 2670-2680kg/m 3 And a bulk density of 1540 to 1550kg/m 3 。
By adopting the technical scheme, the medium sand with the fineness modulus of 2.8-3.0 is selected to be filled into the skeleton filled with the fine stones, so that the compactness of the concrete is improved, the compressive strength of the concrete is increased, the resilience of the sprayed concrete during spraying can be reduced, and the uniformity of the concrete covered by the construction side wall is improved.
Preferably, the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate is 25-30%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent is a plurality of macromolecular organic compounds which are generated by taking polycarboxylate as a main body and by graft copolymerization, has the advantages of high water reducing rate, excellent plasticity retention and high reinforcement, and is suitable for high-flow-state sprayed concrete.
Preferably, the material also comprises 5 to 10 weight parts of slow release expansion material, wherein the slow release expansion material is formed by coating a core material with a coating material, and the coating material accounts for 2 to 4 percent of the mass of the core material;
the core material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of expanding agent, 10-15 parts of attapulgite and 10-15 parts of sepiolite powder; the coating material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of sodium starch octenyl succinate, 10-20 parts of hydroxypropyl starch, 2-4 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 1-2 parts of beta-cyclodextrin.
The slow-release expansion material is added into the sprayed concrete, the cracking and the development of cracks of the concrete can be inhibited through the action of the admixture and the impervious filler in the early period, but along with the prolonging of the service time of the concrete, the cracks of the concrete gradually develop, the compressive strength gradually decreases, the durability is poor under the influence of factors such as loading load, moisture permeation, erosion of chloride ions and the like, and in order to improve the water resistance of the concrete, the slow-release expansion material is also added in the application, and by adopting the technical scheme, the slow-release expansion material takes the core material as the core layer and takes the coating material as the shell layer, so that the slow-release expansion material has the effect of slow-release expansion; along with the prolonging of the service time of the concrete, the coating material of the slow-release expansion material is gradually decomposed, the core material is gradually exposed, and the expanding agent, the attapulgite and the sepiolite powder in the core material can play the roles of water absorption expansion, crack resistance and permeability resistance, so that the development of cracks is inhibited, and the crack is filled into the gaps of the concrete, so that the compactness of the concrete is improved, the reduction of the compressive strength of the concrete is slowed down, and the durability of the concrete is improved.
Preferably, the sustained-release expansion material is prepared by the following method:
taking 100 parts of expanding agent, 10-15 parts of attapulgite and 10-15 parts of sepiolite powder by weight, grinding and drying to obtain a core material;
adding 200-300 parts of water into 40-50 parts of sodium starch octenylsuccinate and 10-20 parts of hydroxypropyl starch, uniformly stirring, heating to 70-80 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 30-40min, heating to 85-90 ℃, adding 2-4 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 1-2 parts of beta-cyclodextrin, and stirring at the speed of 3000-4000r/min for 20-30min to obtain a coating solution;
and (2) putting the core material into a coating granulator, spraying a coating solution to the core material, wherein the rotation speed of the coating granulator is 10-20r/min, the temperature is 80-90 ℃, the spraying speed is 10-20g/min, after the spraying is finished, coated particles are obtained, and the coated particles are dried by hot air and cooled at room temperature, so that the slow-release expansion material is obtained.
By adopting the technical scheme and adopting the coating technology to coat the core material with the coating liquid for granulation, the preparation method is simple and the coating efficiency is high.
Preferably, the temperature of an air inlet of the hot air drying is set to be 110-120 ℃, the temperature of an air outlet is set to be 60-65 ℃, and the air quantity of the drying gas is set to be 1.5-2m 3 Min, compressed gas flow rate of 850-900L/h.
By adopting the technical scheme, the hot air drying mode is adopted, the heat efficiency is high, and the operation is convenient.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. as the admixture is compounded by the fly ash, the metakaolin and the redispersible latex powder, the strength reduction of the sprayed concrete caused by the accelerator can be effectively inhibited, the early cracking degree of the sprayed concrete is reduced, and the later compression strength of the sprayed concrete is improved; the basalt fiber, the lignin fiber, the sepiolite fiber and the calcium sulfate whisker are compounded to be used as the anti-permeability fiber, so that the crack development can be inhibited, and the anti-permeability performance and the compressive strength of the concrete can be improved.
2. The slow-release expansion material is preferably added, has the effect of slow-release expansion, can inhibit the development of cracks, and fills gaps of concrete, so that the compactness of the concrete is improved, the reduction of the compressive strength of the concrete is slowed down, and the durability of the concrete is improved.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Preparation example of Slow Release swelling Material
The starting materials in the preparation examples are all commercially available. Wherein the expanding agent is purchased from Henan Chuangding building materials science and technology Limited company, and the model is UEA expanding agent; the attapulgite is purchased from Toronto mineral processing factories in Lingshui county, and the fineness of the attapulgite is 200 meshes; the metakaolin is purchased from Shijiazhuang Lin mineral products Co., ltd, and the fineness of the metakaolin is 100 meshes; the sepiolite powder is purchased from Hebei ze Asahi building materials science and technology development Limited company, and the fineness of the sepiolite powder is 200 meshes; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is available from Shandong Leon New Material science and technology, inc. with model number LA-7K.
Preparation example 1
The slow-release expansion material is prepared by adopting the following method: (1) Taking 100kg of expanding agent, 10kg of attapulgite and 10kg of sepiolite powder, adding 100kg of water, grinding at the speed of 50r/min for 30min, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain a core material; (2) Weighing raw materials of the coating material, 40kg of sodium starch octenyl succinate, 10kg of hydroxypropyl starch, 2kg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and 1kg of beta-cyclodextrin for later use;
adding 200kg of water into sodium starch octenylsuccinate and hydroxypropyl starch, uniformly stirring, heating to 70 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 40min, heating to 85 ℃, adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and beta-cyclodextrin, and stirring at the speed of 3000r/min for 30min to obtain a coating solution;
(3) Putting the core material into a coating granulator, spraying a coating liquid to the core material, wherein the rotation speed of the coating granulator is 10r/min, the temperature is 80 ℃, the spraying speed is 10g/min, after the spraying is finished, coated particles are obtained, the coated particles are subjected to hot air drying by a hot air dryer, the air inlet temperature of the hot air dryer is set to be 110 ℃, the air outlet temperature of the hot air dryer is set to be 60 ℃, and the air quantity of drying gas is set to be 1.5m 3 And/min, the flow rate of compressed gas is 850L/h, and the slow-release expansion material formed by coating the core material with the coating material is obtained after cooling at room temperature, wherein the coating material accounts for 2% of the mass of the core material.
Preparation example 2
The slow release expansion material is prepared by the following method: (1) Taking 100kg of expanding agent, 12.5kg of attapulgite and 12.5kg of sepiolite powder, adding 100kg of water, grinding at the speed of 50r/min for 30min, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain a core material;
(2) Weighing raw materials of the coating material, 45kg of octenyl succinic acid starch sodium, 15kg of hydroxypropyl starch, 3kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 1.5kg of beta-cyclodextrin for later use;
adding 200kg of water into sodium starch octenyl succinate and hydroxypropyl starch, stirring uniformly, heating to 75 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 35min, heating to 88 ℃, adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and beta-cyclodextrin, and stirring at 3500r/min for 25min to obtain a coating solution;
(3) Putting the core material into the coatingSpraying coating liquid to the core material in a granulator, wherein the rotation speed of the coating granulator is 15r/min, the temperature is 85 ℃, the liquid spraying speed is 15g/min, after the liquid spraying is finished, coated particles are obtained, the coated particles are subjected to hot air drying through a hot air dryer, the temperature of an air inlet of the hot air dryer is set to be 115 ℃, the temperature of an air outlet of the hot air dryer is set to be 62 ℃, and the air volume of drying gas is set to be 1.8m 3 And/min, compressed gas flow rate of 880L/h, and cooling at room temperature to obtain the slow-release expansion material formed by coating the core material with the coating material, wherein the coating material accounts for 3% of the mass of the core material.
Preparation example 3
The slow-release expansion material is prepared by adopting the following method: (1) Taking 100kg of expanding agent, 15kg of attapulgite and 15kg of sepiolite powder, adding 100kg of water, grinding for 30min at the speed of 50r/min, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain a core material; (2) Weighing the raw materials of the coating material, 50kg of octenyl succinic acid starch sodium, 20kg of hydroxypropyl starch, 4kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 2kg of beta-cyclodextrin for later use;
adding 200kg of water into sodium starch octenyl succinate and hydroxypropyl starch, stirring uniformly, heating to 80 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 30min, heating to 90 ℃, adding hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and beta-cyclodextrin, and stirring at the speed of 4000r/min for 20min to obtain a coating solution;
(3) Putting the core material into a coating granulator, spraying a coating liquid to the core material, wherein the rotation speed of the coating granulator is 20r/min, the temperature is 90 ℃, the spraying speed is 20g/min, after the spraying is finished, coated particles are obtained, the coated particles are subjected to hot air drying through a hot air dryer, the temperature of an air inlet of the hot air dryer is set to be 120 ℃, the temperature of an air outlet of the hot air dryer is set to be 65 ℃, and the air volume of drying gas is set to be 2m 3 And/min, the flow rate of compressed gas is 900L/h, and the slow-release expansion material formed by coating the core material with the coating material is obtained after cooling at room temperature, wherein the coating material accounts for 4% of the mass of the core material.
Preparation example 4
The present production example is different from production example 1 in that the core material does not contain attapulgite or sepiolite powder.
Preparation example 5
The difference between the preparation example and the preparation example 1 is that the slow release expansion material only consists of a core material which is not subjected to coating treatment, namely, the slow release expansion material is prepared by the following method: 100kg of expanding agent, 10kg of attapulgite and 10kg of sepiolite powder are taken, 100kg of water is added, the mixture is ground at the speed of 50r/min for 30min, and then the mixture is dried for 12h at the temperature of 60 ℃.
Examples
The cement in the examples was purchased from Sichuan Delphin group Cement Co., ltd, and was P.O42.5R cement; the fine stone is crushed stone in a Longquan gravel field, the grain diameter is 5-10mm, the continuous gradation is realized, and the apparent density is 2700kg/m 3 Bulk density 1520kg/m 3 (ii) a The sand is Longquan machine-made sand, and has good gradation, fineness modulus of 2.8, and apparent density of 2680kg/m 3 Bulk density of 1540kg/m 3 (ii) a The water reducing agent is purchased from Jiangsu Subot new materials GmbH, and has the model number of
The polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent has the actual measurement water reducing rate of 28.5 percent; the accelerator is purchased from Zhongxiesheng Chengdu scientific and technological limited company, and has the model of TK-W type accelerator; the fly ash is F class II fly ash; the redispersible latex powder is available from German Wake, and the model is 5010N; the basalt fiber is purchased from Hebei Hemiguang mineral products, and has a down length of 3-6mm; the lignocellulose is purchased from Gallery morning Kun chemical building materials Limited company, and has a model of H-500; the sepiolite fiber is purchased from Hebei Hemiguang mineral products, and has a down length of 1-3mm; the calcium sulfate whisker is purchased from Guangzhou Baozhi New Material science and technology Limited, and has the model number of SK-30.
Example 1
According to the raw material dosage in the table 1, uniformly stirring cement, fine stone, medium sand, a water reducing agent and water, adding an accelerating agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a concrete mixture; wherein the admixture consists of fly ash, metakaolin and redispersible emulsion powder in a weight ratio of 3; the impervious fiber consists of basalt fiber, lignocellulose, sepiolite fiber and calcium sulfate whisker in a weight ratio of 3.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1-3 raw materials usage Scale (Unit: kg)
Example 2 to example 3
Examples 2-3 were prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the raw materials were used in the amounts shown in table 1.
Example 4
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the weight ratio of the fly ash, the metakaolin and the redispersible latex powder in the admixture is 4.
Example 5
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the weight ratio of the fly ash, the metakaolin and the redispersible latex powder in the admixture is 5.
Example 6
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the weight ratio of basalt fiber, lignocellulose, sepiolite fiber and calcium sulfate whisker in the impervious fiber is 4.
Example 7
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the weight ratio of basalt fiber, lignocellulose, sepiolite fiber and calcium sulfate whisker in the impervious fiber is 5.
Example 8
This example is different from example 1 in that 5kg of sustained-release swelling material prepared in preparation example 1 of sustained-release swelling material was further included in the raw materials.
Example 9
This example is different from example 1 in that 7.5kg of sustained-release swelling material prepared from preparation example 1 of sustained-release swelling material was further included in the raw materials.
Example 10
This example is different from example 1 in that 10kg of sustained-release swelling material prepared from preparation example 1 of sustained-release swelling material was further included in the raw materials.
Example 11
This example is different from example 8 in that the sustained-release swelling material was prepared from preparation example 2 of the sustained-release swelling material.
Example 12
This example is different from example 8 in that the sustained-release swelling material was prepared from preparation example 3 of the sustained-release swelling material.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the admixture is fly ash only.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the impervious fibers are basalt fibers only.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the impervious fiber consists of basalt fibers and lignin fibers in a weight ratio of 3.
Comparative example 4
The present comparative example differs from example 1 in that the impervious fibres consist of lignin fibres and sepiolite fibres in a weight ratio of 2.
Comparative example 5
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the impervious fibers consist of sepiolite fibers and calcium sulfate whiskers in a weight ratio of 2.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example is different from example 8 in that a sustained release swelling material was prepared from preparation example 4 of a sustained release swelling material.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example is different from example 8 in that a sustained release swelling material was prepared from preparation example 5 of a sustained release swelling material.
Performance test
Preparing a shotcrete mixture according to the methods of examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 7, preparing a shotcrete test piece according to the requirements of appendix B in JGJ/T372-2016 technical specification for shotcrete application, and testing the performance of the shotcrete test piece according to the following method; the test results are shown in table 2.
Slump: slump is a method and an index for measuring the workability of concrete, and is generally used for measuring the fluidity of a mixture by performing a slump test. The T1 grade is low-plasticity concrete, and the slump is 10-40mm; the T2 level is plastic concrete, and the slump is 50-90mm; the T3 level is the fluid concrete, and the slump is 100-150mm; t4 is high-fluidity concrete, and the slump is more than or equal to 160mm. The slump of the concrete mixture at room temperature (20 +/-5) ℃ is tested according to the slump test in GB/T50080-2016 standard of common concrete mixture performance test method.
Compressive strength: and (3) manufacturing a standard test block according to a method in GB/T50081-2016 standard of common concrete mechanical property test methods, and measuring the compressive strength of the standard test block for curing for 7d and 28 d.
Diffusion coefficient against chloride ion: and testing the chloride ion diffusion coefficient of the standard test block according to an RCM method in GB/T50082-2009 test method standard for long-term performance and durability of common concrete.
Water penetration resistance: and testing the water seepage depth of the standard test block according to a step-by-step pressurization method in GB/T50082-2009 Standard test method for the long-term performance and the durability of the common concrete.
And (3) water seepage resistance durability test: preparing a sprayed concrete test piece according to the requirement of appendix B in JGJ/T372-2016 sprayed concrete application technical specification, and curing the test piece in a standard curing room for 28h and taking out; placing the cured test piece into a container, adding 35wt% of saline water into the container to ensure that the saline water completely submerges the upper end face of the test piece, storing for 3 months at the temperature of (40 +/-2) ° C, and supplementing 35wt% of saline water at any time during the storage period to ensure that the saline water always submerges the upper end face of the test piece; after 3 months, taking out the test piece, washing the surface of the test piece with clear water, wiping off the water on the surface of the test piece, and storing the test piece for 3 months under the conditions that the temperature is (25 +/-2) DEG C and the humidity is 65% RH to obtain an aged test piece; and (3) testing the water penetration depth of the aged test piece according to a step-by-step pressurization method in GB/T50082-2009 Standard test method for the long-term performance and the durability of common concrete.
TABLE 2 Performance test Table for concrete of examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 7
By combining the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 and combining the table 2, the compressive strength of the concrete in the embodiment 1 is obviously better than that in the comparative example 1, and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient and the water penetration depth are obviously lower than those in the comparative example 1, which shows that the mechanical strength and the permeability resistance of the concrete are obviously improved by adopting the admixture composed of the fly ash, the metakaolin and the redispersible latex powder in the weight ratio of 3.
By combining the example 1 and the example 8 and combining the table 2, the compressive strength (7 d and 28 d) of the sprayed concrete of the example 8 is slightly higher than that of the example 1, the chloride ion diffusion coefficient and the water penetration depth (standard test piece) of the example 8 are slightly lower than those of the example 1, and the water penetration depth of the aged test piece of the example 8 is obviously lower than that of the example 1, which shows that the addition of the slow-release expansion material can improve the compactness of the concrete at the early stage, so that the compressive strength and the chloride ion penetration resistance of the concrete are slightly improved; the water impermeability of the aged concrete test piece can be obviously improved, which shows that the durability of the concrete can be obviously improved by adding the slow-release expansion material.
Combining example 1, comparative example 2 and table 2, it can be seen that the compressive strength of the concrete of comparative example 2 is significantly lower than that of example 1, and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient and the water penetration depth of the concrete of comparative example 2 are significantly higher than those of example 1, which shows that the mechanical strength and the water penetration resistance of the concrete can be significantly improved by adopting the composite anti-permeability fiber consisting of the basalt fiber, the lignocellulose, the sepiolite fiber and the calcium sulfate whisker in a weight ratio of 3.
It can be seen by combining example 1, comparative example 3, comparative example 4 and comparative example 5 and combining table 2 that the compressive strength and the impermeability of the concrete of example 1 are better than those of comparative example 3, comparative example 4 and comparative example 5, which shows that when the impermeable fiber is compounded by basalt fiber, lignocellulose, sepiolite fiber and calcium sulfate whisker, the improvement effect on the impermeability and the compressive strength of the concrete is better than that when the impermeable fiber is not compounded by two or three of the basalt fiber, the lignocellulose, the sepiolite fiber and the calcium sulfate whisker.
It can be seen by combining example 8, comparative example 6 and table 2 that the impermeability of the aged test piece of the concrete of example 8 is better than that of comparative example 6, which shows that when the core material is compounded by using the expanding agent, the attapulgite and the sepiolite powder, the core material has a good synergistic effect and can improve the later impermeability of the concrete.
It can be seen by combining example 8, comparative example 7 and table 2 that the compressive strength of the concrete of comparative example 7 and the impermeability of the standard test piece are better than those of example 8, but the impermeability of the aged test piece is worse than that of example 8, which shows that when only the core material is added, the early strength and impermeability of the concrete can be improved, but the improvement effect on the later impermeability of the concrete is not significant; therefore, if the early-stage impermeability and compressive strength of the concrete are simply improved, the core material can be directly added, but if the later-stage impermeability of the concrete is improved, the slow-release expansion material of the application needs to be added; if the early-stage and later-stage impermeability of the concrete is to be improved substantially, a certain amount of core material and slow-release expanding material can be added simultaneously.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The anti-seepage sprayed concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 400 parts of cement, 869-905 parts of medium sand, 740-765 parts of fine stone, 60-80 parts of admixture, 10-20 parts of impervious fiber, 10-15 parts of accelerating agent, 5.2-5.8 parts of water reducing agent and 190-200 parts of water;
the admixture is composed of 3-5 wt% of fly ash, metakaolin and redispersible emulsion powder, wherein the weight ratio of the fly ash to the metakaolin is 1;
the impervious fiber consists of basalt fiber, lignocellulose, sepiolite fiber and calcium sulfate whisker in a weight ratio of 3-5;
the material also comprises 5-10 parts by weight of a slow release expansion material, wherein the slow release expansion material is formed by coating a core material with a coating material, and the coating material accounts for 2-4% of the mass of the core material;
the core material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of expanding agent, 10-15 parts of attapulgite and 10-15 parts of sepiolite powder;
the coating material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of sodium starch octenyl succinate, 10-20 parts of hydroxypropyl starch, 2-4 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 1-2 parts of beta-cyclodextrin.
2. The impervious shotcrete of claim 1, wherein the cement is p.o42.5r quick-hardening portland cement.
3. The impermeable shotcrete of claim 1, wherein the fine stone is of 5-10mm continuous grade and has an apparent density of 2700-2720kg/m 3 Bulk density of 1520-1530kg/m 3 。
4. The impermeable shotcrete of claim 1, wherein the medium sand has a fineness modulus of 2.8-3.0 and an apparent density of 2670-2680kg/m 3 Bulk density of 1540-1550kg/m 3 。
5. The impervious shotcrete of claim 1, wherein the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high performance water reducing agent having a water reduction rate of 25% to 30%.
6. The impermeable shotcrete of claim 5, wherein the slow release swelling material is prepared by a method comprising:
taking 100 parts of expanding agent, 10-15 parts of attapulgite and 10-15 parts of sepiolite powder by weight, grinding and drying to obtain a core material;
adding 200-300 parts of water into 40-50 parts of sodium starch octenylsuccinate and 10-20 parts of hydroxypropyl starch, uniformly stirring, heating to 70-80 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 30-40min, heating to 85-90 ℃, adding 2-4 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 1-2 parts of beta-cyclodextrin, and stirring at the speed of 3000-4000r/min for 20-30min to obtain a coating solution;
and (2) putting the core material into a coating granulator, spraying a coating liquid to the core material, wherein the rotating speed of the coating granulator is 10-20r/min, the temperature is 80-90 ℃, the liquid spraying speed is 10-20g/min, after the liquid spraying is finished, coating particles are obtained, and the coating particles are dried by hot air and cooled at room temperature to obtain the slow-release expansion material.
7. The impermeable shotcrete of claim 6, wherein the hot air drying is performed at a temperature of 110-120 ℃ at the air inlet, 60-65 ℃ at the air outlet, and 1.5-2m in the amount of dry air 3 Min, compressed gas flow rate of 850-900L/h.
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| CN113816680B (en) * | 2021-09-25 | 2022-10-25 | 成都新豪鼎盛建材有限公司 | Fair-faced concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN113880521B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-06-17 | 深圳市正强混凝土有限公司 | High-strength impervious concrete and production method thereof |
| CN115819043B (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-06-09 | 武汉金中海高新科技有限公司 | Mixed fiber reinforced concrete waterproof material and preparation method thereof |
| CN116041016B (en) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-06-20 | 天津中立智能科技有限公司 | Impervious inorganic spraying material |
| CN116621539B (en) * | 2023-06-10 | 2024-02-27 | 广州兴业混凝土搅拌有限公司 | High-viscosity high-permeability-resistance fine stone sprayed concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN116639906A (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-08-25 | 南京福盛新材料有限公司 | Impervious expanding agent and its preparing process and application |
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