CN113319468B - Component design method of nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire capable of preventing welding cracks and nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire - Google Patents
Component design method of nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire capable of preventing welding cracks and nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
- B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/053—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 30% but less than 40%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
Abstract
The invention provides a component design method of a nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire capable of preventing welding cracks and the nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire, and relates to the technical field of welding materials. The invention prevents crystal cracks by controlling the volume percentage of the Laves phase of the microstructure, and is more direct and effective than preventing crystal cracks by controlling chemical components. The design method provided by the invention can prevent crystal cracks and high-temperature plastic loss cracks at the same time, and solves the problem of welding cracks of the nickel-based alloy of the third-generation nuclear power main equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding materials, in particular to a component design method of a nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire capable of preventing welding cracks and the nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire.
Background
The nickel base alloy has high crack sensitivity and is easy to generate welding cracks, particularly high-temperature plastic loss cracks and crystallization cracks. The crack prevention is always the key point of the development of the nickel-based alloy welding material for the third-generation nuclear power equipment manufacturing and is also a technical difficulty. The nickel-based alloy welding material for manufacturing the third-generation nuclear power equipment is mainly a 690 alloy welding material, and has high-temperature plastic loss crack sensitivity. High-temperature plastic loss cracks are internal defects with small sizes, are difficult to discover by the existing nondestructive testing technology, and bring hidden dangers to the manufacturing quality and safe operation of nuclear power equipment. The 690 alloy high-temperature plastic loss crack has been found for many times in the manufacturing and operating stages of domestic and foreign nuclear power equipment, which has a great influence on the quality and safe operation of nuclear power main equipment, and the prevention of the 690 nickel-based alloy high-temperature plastic loss crack in engineering is still the focus of attention of nuclear power industry.
The 690 alloy welding wire firstly used in nuclear power engineering is an ASME SFA-5.14 ERNiCrFe-7 welding wire, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.04 percent of C, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Mn, fe:7.0-11.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.02%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, si is less than or equal to 0.50%, cu is less than or equal to 0.30%, al is less than or equal to 1.1%, ti is less than or equal to 1.0%, cr:28.0 to 31.5 percent, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Nb and Ta, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 1.5 percent of Al and Ti, and less than or equal to 0.50 percent of others. Because of its high susceptibility to high temperature plastic loss cracking, the number of applications is small at present.
The ASME SFA-5.14 ERNiCrFe-7A welding wire is the only 690 alloy welding wire applied in large scale in manufacturing of nuclear power equipment at home and abroad at present, and comprises the following chemical components (by mass): less than or equal to 0.04 percent of C, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Mn, fe:7.0-11.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.02%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, si is less than or equal to 0.50%, cu is less than or equal to 0.30%, co is less than or equal to 0.12%, al is less than or equal to 1.1%, ti is less than or equal to 1.0%, cr:28.0-31.5%, nb + Ta:0.5 to 1.0 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 1.5 percent of Al and Ti, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Zr, and less than or equal to 0.50 percent of the others. Compared with the ERNiCrFe-7 welding wire, the ERNiCrFe-7A welding wire has two main characteristics, one of which is that the quantity of crystal boundary precipitates is increased by adding a certain quantity of Nb, and the high-temperature plastic-loss crack resistance is improved; secondly, a certain amount of B and Zr are added to improve the crystal boundary strength and improve the high-temperature plastic-loss crack resistance.
The third-generation nuclear power equipment has higher requirements on the nickel-based alloy welding technology, and is characterized in that the structural thickness of the nuclear power main equipment is increased, the restraint of a welding joint is increased, and the probability of generating welding cracks is improved. Under some conditions, the ERNiCrFe-7A welding wire has the problem of insufficient high-temperature plastic-loss crack resistance, and the difficulty and the quality stability of equipment manufacture are increased.
As the prior art for preventing high-temperature plastic loss cracks, chinese patent CN101144130A proposes a surfacing part and a corresponding welding material, and the chemical components (mass content) of a surfacing weld are: cr:28.5-31.0%, fe:7.0-10.5%, mn < 1.0%, nb + Ta:2.1-4.0%, mo:3.0-5.0%, si < 0.50%, ti:0.01-0.35%, al is less than or equal to 0.25%, cu is less than 0.20%, W is less than 1.0%, co is less than 0.12%, zr is less than 0.10%, S is less than 0.01%, B is less than 0.01%, C is less than 0.03%, P is less than 0.02%, mg + Ca:0.002-0.015%, the balance being Ni and incidental impurities. This patent solves the problem of occasional high temperature plastic-loss cracks found with the ERNiCrFe-7A wire "under adverse weld shapes and very high heat inputs. According to the method, the content of Nb and Ta is greatly increased, a large amount of Mo is added, the grain boundary strength is improved, the amount of precipitates is increased, a bending grain boundary is formed, and the high-temperature plastic-loss crack resistance of the welding seam is further improved. The STF test results provided by the patent demonstrate the effectiveness of the examples in preventing high temperature plastic loss cracking. However, the STF test is only a high temperature plastic fracture sensitivity test, and the results thereof cannot be used for evaluating the crystal fracture sensitivity, and the patent does not describe the crystal fracture sensitivity of the examples. In fact, because the content of the Laves phase forming elements is increased, the crystallization crack sensitivity is increased, the crystallization crack can be generated under the condition of welding of nuclear power equipment, and the problem of welding crack (crystallization crack) of the nickel-based alloy for nuclear power engineering is not really solved.
In order to meet the development requirement of independent innovation of nuclear power equipment in China, the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power, which can prevent high-temperature plastic loss cracks and crystal cracks, needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a component design method of a nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire capable of preventing welding cracks and the nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a component design method of a nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire capable of preventing welding cracks, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the chemical component design value of the welding wire according to the principle that the volume percentage of the Laves phase is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
(2) Preparing an ingot according to the chemical composition design value of the welding wire to obtain the chemical composition of the ingot;
(3) Calculating the Laves phase volume percentage of the ingot by adopting software according to the chemical components of the ingot;
(4) And if the volume percentage of the Laves phase of the ingot is less than or equal to 1.0%, taking the chemical components of the ingot as the chemical components of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power.
Preferably, the software in step (3) is JMatPro software.
Preferably, if the Laves phase volume percentage of the ingot casting is more than 1.0%, adjusting the chemical composition design value of the welding wire in the step (1), and repeating the steps (2) to (3) until the Laves phase volume percentage of the ingot casting is less than or equal to 1.0%.
Preferably, the Laves phase volume percentage is 0-0.03%.
The invention provides a nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power, which is obtained by adopting the component design method of the technical scheme, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.015-0.035%, si is less than or equal to 0.30%, mn:0.20 to 1.00%, cr:29.0 to 31.5%, fe:8 to 12%, ta: 1.5-4.0%, nb is less than or equal to 1.4%, ti is less than or equal to 0.5%, al is less than or equal to 0.5%, mo:3.0 to 5.0 percent and the balance of Ni.
Preferably, the chemical components comprise the following components in percentage by mass: c:0.025 to 0.033%, si:0.08 to 0.12%, mn:0.78 to 0.82%, cr:29.89 to 31.33%, fe:8.12 to 11.53%, ta: 1.60-3.51%, nb is less than or equal to 0.98%, ti:0.18 to 0.19%, al:0.19 to 0.32 percent of Mo;3.40 to 3.60 percent and the balance of Ni.
Preferably, the chemical components further comprise, by mass percent: less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Co, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of B and less than or equal to 0.002 percent of Zr.
Preferably, the diameter of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power is 1.2mm.
The invention provides a component design method of a nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire capable of preventing welding cracks, which comprises the following steps: (1) Determining the chemical component design value of the welding wire according to the principle that the volume percentage of the Laves phase is less than or equal to 1.0 percent; (2) Preparing an ingot according to the chemical composition design value of the welding wire to obtain the chemical composition of the ingot; (3) Calculating the Laves phase volume percentage of the ingot by adopting software according to the chemical components of the ingot; (4) And if the volume percentage of the Laves phase of the ingot is less than or equal to 1.0%, taking the chemical components of the ingot as the chemical components of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power. The invention prevents crystal cracks by controlling the volume percentage of the Laves phase of the microstructure, and is more direct and effective than preventing crystal cracks by controlling chemical components; the numerical simulation technology of the welding wire is combined with the crack resistance test result, important factors influencing crystal cracks are found, the criterion for preventing the crystal cracks is provided, when the welding wire components are designed, the criterion can be used for predicting the crack resistance result in the design point and the fluctuation range of the welding wire components, and the yield is improved; the method can calculate the number of Laves phases according to the chemical composition analysis result of the ingot (the first process of manufacturing the welding wire) and prejudge the crack resistance of the welding wire. The prior art must complete the manufacture of the welding wire and then obtain the cracking resistance result through related tests, so as to determine the cracking resistance. Compared with the prior art, the method greatly shortens decision-making time, greatly shortens supply period, reduces welding wire cost and obviously improves benefits.
The invention also provides a nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power, which is obtained by adopting the component design method in the technical scheme, and the number of Laves phases is controlled in a proper range by reasonably matching the contents of Nb, ta, mo, cr, fe, ti and other elements, so that crystal cracks are prevented; meanwhile, the influence of the elements on the high-temperature plastic loss cracks is concerned, the sufficient high-temperature plastic loss crack resistance is kept, the purpose of preventing 690 alloy welding cracks (including crystal cracks and high-temperature plastic loss cracks) is achieved, and the problem of the third-generation nuclear power main equipment nickel-based alloy welding cracks is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional inspection result chart of a color test specimen of a weld cut of a weld overlay in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal specimen dye-penetrant inspection result chart of a cut specimen of a weld bead of the weld bead of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional sample dye-penetrant inspection result chart of a cut sample of a weld of a build-up welding according to comparative example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of longitudinal specimen dye-penetrant inspection of a test specimen cut from a weld bead of comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a component design method of a nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire capable of preventing welding cracks, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the chemical component design value of the welding wire according to the principle that the volume percentage of the Laves phase is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
(2) Preparing an ingot according to the chemical composition design value of the welding wire to obtain the chemical composition of the ingot;
(3) Calculating the volume percentage of the Laves phase of the ingot by adopting software according to the chemical components of the ingot;
(4) And if the volume percentage of the Laves phase of the ingot is less than or equal to 1.0%, taking the chemical components of the ingot as the chemical components of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power.
The invention determines the chemical component design value of the welding wire according to the principle that the volume percentage of the Laves phase is less than or equal to 1.0 percent. In the present invention, the Laves phase volume percentage is preferably 0 to 0.03%. In the present invention, the Laves phase is an intermetallic compound having a hexagonal crystal structure and a chemical formula of A 2 B, wherein A comprises one or more of Ni, fe, cr and Co, and B comprises one or more of Nb, ti, si, mo and Ta. Most of the chemical elements are the constituent elements of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power, some chemical elements are effective elements for preventing high-temperature plastic loss cracks, and if the chemical elements are not matched properly, crystal cracks are easily caused by excessive Laves phase content.
After the design value of the chemical composition of the welding wire is determined, the ingot is prepared according to the design value of the chemical composition of the welding wire, and the chemical composition of the ingot is obtained. The invention has no special requirements on the concrete preparation method of the ingot, and the ingot preparation process in the welding wire manufacturing process which is well known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted.
After the chemical components of the ingot are obtained, the Laves phase volume percentage of the ingot is calculated by software according to the chemical components of the ingot. In the present invention, the software is preferably JMatPro software. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for calculating the volume percentage of Laves phase comprises: calculating the type, the quantity and the evolution process of a microstructure in the solidification process by adopting JMatPro Software version 11.2 of Sente Software company; the calculating parameters include: the initial temperature is 1900 ℃, the step length is calculated to be 2 ℃, and the cooling speed is 200 ℃/s; the percentage by volume of Laves phase when cooled to 1000 ℃ is taken as the calculation result of the present invention.
And after the Laves phase volume percentage of the ingot is obtained, if the Laves phase volume percentage of the ingot is less than or equal to 1.0%, taking the chemical components of the ingot as the chemical components of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power. In the invention, if the Laves phase volume percentage of the ingot casting is more than 1.0%, the chemical composition design value of the welding wire in the step (1) is preferably adjusted, and the steps (2) to (3) are repeated until the Laves phase volume percentage of the ingot casting is less than or equal to 1.0%.
The invention also provides a nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power, which is obtained by adopting the component design method in the technical scheme, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.015-0.035%, si is less than or equal to 0.30%, mn:0.20 to 1.00%, cr:29.0 to 31.5%, fe:8 to 12%, ta: 1.5-4.0%, nb is less than or equal to 1.4%, ti is less than or equal to 0.5%, al is less than or equal to 0.5%, mo:3.0 to 5.0 percent and the balance of Ni.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.015 to 0.035%, preferably 0.025 to 0.033%. In the present invention, C is a carbide-forming element, which is useful for preventing high-temperature plastic-loss cracks. The invention controls the content of C in the range, can avoid the C content from being too high, and can form excessive M in the crystal boundary 23 C 6 Type carbide, resulting in poor grain boundaryCr, reducing the corrosion resistance of the welding line.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises, by mass, not more than 0.30% of Si, and preferably 0.08-0.12%. In the invention, si can form low-melting-point eutectic with Ni in the nickel-based alloy welding seam, and meanwhile, the generation of Laves phase is promoted, so that crystal cracks are easy to initiate, the content is too high, and the mechanical property of the welding seam is also reduced.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.20 to 1.00%, preferably 0.78 to 0.82%. In the invention, mn can be preferentially combined with S to form MnS with a higher melting point, so that the harmful effect of S is reduced; the surface energy of a solid-liquid phase can be improved, the formation of a eutectic liquid film with a low melting point is hindered, and the hot crack resistance of a welding seam is improved; mn is a Laves phase promoting element, so that the number of Laves phases of a welding seam can be increased, and the crystal crack sensitivity is increased.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 29.0 to 31.5%, preferably 29.89 to 31.33%. In the invention, cr is a matrix element of the Ni-Cr-Fe alloy for nuclear power, not only plays a role in solid solution strengthening, but also is a main element for improving the corrosion resistance; cr is also a Laves phase forming element and directly influences the number of Laves phases.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8 to 12%, preferably 8.12 to 11.53%. In the invention, fe is a matrix element of the Ni-Cr-Fe alloy for nuclear power, and the strength of a weld joint can be improved through solid solution strengthening; fe is also a Laves phase forming element and directly influences the number of Laves phases.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.5 to 4.0%, preferably 1.60 to 3.51%. Ta is a strong carbide forming element with high price, can improve the strength of a crystal boundary and is a main element for preventing high-temperature plastic loss cracks; is also an element forming Laves phase, has low content and is easy to initiate high-temperature plastic loss cracks; too high a content and too high a cost of the welding wire.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises, by mass, nb which is less than or equal to 1.4%, preferably less than or equal to 0.98%, and more preferably less than 0.1%. In the invention, nb is a strong Laves phase forming element and directly influences the number of Laves phases; also, carbide and nitride forming elements can improve the grain boundary strength. As Nb has a large influence on the number of Laves phases, the content of Nb in the invention is limited properly, and the main function of Nb is to increase the high-temperature plastic loss resistance by matching with Ta.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises, by mass, not more than 0.5% of Ti, and preferably 0.18-0.19%. In the invention, ti is a carbide and nitride forming element, which can improve the strength of a grain boundary and prevent high-temperature plastic loss cracks; and the steel is also a strong deoxidizing element, so that the welding seam can be purified.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises, by mass, not more than 0.50% of Al, and preferably 0.19-0.32%. In the invention, al is a strong deoxidizing element, which can purify a molten pool and improve the performance of a welding seam; too high content, more dross on the surface of the welding bead, and reduced welding operation performance.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.0 to 5.0%, preferably 3.40 to 3.60%. In the invention, mo is a nickel-based alloy solid solution strengthening element, can effectively increase the high-temperature strength and the corrosion resistance, but can also promote the formation of a Laves phase and a brittle phase.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power provided by the invention preferably further comprises, by mass, not more than 0.1% of Cu, not more than 0.10% of Co, not more than 0.0020% of S, not more than 0.0020% of P, not more than 0.001% of B and not more than 0.002% of Zr. In the invention, cu easily forms a second phase in the welding process, the hot cracking tendency of the welding line is improved, and the content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.1 percent; co is an impurity element, the work in an irradiation environment is strictly controlled, and the content of Co is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.10 percent; s and P are unavoidable harmful elements, the sensitivity of crystal cracks is increased, the content of S is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.0020 percent, and the content of P is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.0020 percent; B. zr is easy to be segregated in the grain boundary to initiate crystal cracks, and the content of Zr is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.001 percent and less than or equal to 0.002 percent.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power provided by the invention preferably further comprises N: 0.006-0.012% and O less than 0.005%.
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises Ni in percentage by mass.
In the invention, the diameter of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power is preferably 1.2mm.
The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power does not have special requirements, and the preparation method of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power, which is well known by the technical personnel in the field, is adopted, and specifically comprises the following steps: preparing an alloy blank by adopting vacuum smelting and electroslag remelting or vacuum smelting, electroslag remelting and vacuum consumable melting; and sequentially forging, rolling, cold drawing for multiple times, annealing on line and cleaning the alloy blank. The invention has no special requirements on the specific process parameters in the preparation process, as long as the final chemical components of the welding wire meet the requirements of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power in the technical scheme.
The invention also provides a welding crack detection method of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power, which preferably comprises the following steps:
surfacing welding seams of the nickel-based alloy welding wires for nuclear power on a test base metal, and cutting a sample from the surfacing welding seams by adopting a linear cutting method after surfacing;
grinding the sample by using a grinding machine, wherein the grinding direction is vertical to the welding direction; after grinding, performing dye check on the surface of the sample, and marking the display of the dye check; then, observing and displaying flaw detection under a metallographic microscope to determine whether the welding crack is a welding crack;
the length of each crack is less than or equal to 1mm, the number of the cracks is less than or equal to 3, and the crack resistance is good; the number of cracks is less than or equal to 10, and the crack resistance is general; the number of cracks is more than 10, and the cracking resistance is poor.
In the present invention, the test base material is preferably a low carbon steel or a low alloy steel; the test base material preferably has a size of 400mm × 300mm × 60mm.
In the present invention, the size of the weld is preferably 300mm × 200mm × 40mm.
In the invention, the technological parameters of the surfacing include: the welding current is 220A, the arc voltage is 12-14V, the welding speed is 170mm/min, the wire feeding speed is 1200mm/min, the inter-road temperature is less than or equal to 100 ℃, the protective gas is 99.99 percent of Ar by volume fraction, and the flow rate of the protective gas is 14-18L/min.
In the present invention, the thickness of the sample cut from the weld bead of the build-up welding is preferably 4mm; preferably, 3 specimens are taken in each of the transverse and longitudinal cuts.
When the invention is used for grinding, the grinding direction is vertical to the welding direction, thus being beneficial to displaying cracks.
In the present invention, if necessary, the flaw of dye-penetrant inspection is opened, and the crack property is determined by the fracture morphology.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Calculation of the Laves phase volume percentage in the following examples and comparative examples:
calculating the type, the quantity and the evolution process of a microstructure in the solidification process by adopting JMatPro Software version 11.2 of Sente Software company; the calculation parameters are as follows: the initial temperature is 1900 ℃, the step length is calculated to be 2 ℃, and the cooling speed is 200 ℃/s; the percentage of Laves phase volume when cooled to 1000 ℃ was taken as the calculation result for the present invention.
In the following examples and comparative examples, a method for detecting a weld crack of a nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power:
(1) Preparing a nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power with the diameter of 1.2mm by adopting the prior art according to the chemical components of the embodiment and the comparative example;
(2) Surfacing welding seams of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power on a test base metal, and cutting a sample from the surfacing welding seams by adopting a linear cutting method after surfacing; the base material for testing is low-carbon steel; the size of the base material for testing is 400mm multiplied by 300mm multiplied by 60mm; the size of the welding seam is 300mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 40mm, and the welding technological parameters are as follows: 220A of welding current, 12 to 14V of arc voltage, 170mm/min of welding speed, 1200mm/min of wire feeding speed, the inter-road temperature is less than or equal to 100 ℃, 99.99% of Ar and 14 to 18L/min of flow rate of protective gas; the thickness of the sample is 4mm, and 3 samples are taken along the transverse and longitudinal cutting respectively;
(3) Grinding the sample by using a grinding machine, wherein the grinding direction is vertical to the welding direction; after grinding, performing dye check on the surface of the sample, and marking the display of the dye check; then, observing and displaying flaw detection under a metallographic microscope to determine whether the welding crack is a welding crack;
the length of each crack is less than or equal to 1mm, the number of the cracks is less than or equal to 3, and the crack resistance is good; the number of cracks is less than or equal to 10, and the crack resistance is general; the number of cracks is more than 10, and the cracking resistance is poor.
Example 1
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: al:0.32%, cr:31.33%, fe:11.53%, mn:0.82%, mo:3.60%, nb < 0.1%, si:0.12%, ta:3.51%, ti:0.19%, C:0.033%, N:0.012 percent, less than 0.10 percent of Cu, less than 0.10 percent of Co, less than 0.005 percent of O, less than 0.002 percent of P, less than 0.002 percent of S, less than 0.001 percent of B and less than 0.002 percent of Zr.
The conversion coefficient of the chemical components when the Laves phase volume percentage is calculated is as follows: cr:0.97, the calculated value of the element for which no measurement is indicated is 0, and the Laves phase is 0. The result of the crack resistance test is good.
The results of the dye penetrant inspection of the transverse test specimens and the results of the dye penetrant inspection of the longitudinal test specimens of the cut-out weld of the overlay welding according to the present example are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 1 to 2, the weld was crack-free.
Example 2
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: al:0.19%, cr:29.89%, fe:8.12%, mn:0.78%, mo:3.40%, nb:0.98%, si:0.08%, ta:1.60%, ti:0.18%, C:0.025%, N:0.006%, cu less than 0.10%, co less than 0.10%, O less than 0.005%, P less than 0.002%, S less than 0.002%, B less than 0.001%, and Zr less than 0.002%.
The conversion coefficient of the chemical components when the Laves phase volume percentage is calculated is as follows: cr:0.97, the calculated value of the element for which no measurement is indicated is 0, and the Laves phase is 0.03%. The result of the crack resistance test is good.
Comparative example 1
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: al:0.32%, cr:31.11%, fe:10.84%, mn:0.87%, mo:3.49%, nb:2.00%, si:0.09%, ta:1.46%, ti:0.19%, C:0.028%, N:0.016 percent, less than 0.10 percent of Cu, less than 0.10 percent of Co, less than 0.005 percent of O, less than 0.002 percent of P, less than 0.002 percent of S, less than 0.001 percent of B and less than 0.002 percent of Zr.
The conversion coefficient of the chemical components when the Laves phase volume percentage is calculated is as follows: cr:0.97, the calculated value of the element not indicated for measurement is 0, and the Laves phase is 1.94% > 1.0%. The result of the crack resistance test was poor.
The results of the cross-direction test piece and the longitudinal test piece of the cut-out test piece of the weld bead of the present comparative example are shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, respectively. The position indicated by the arrow in fig. 3 to 4 is a crack, and as can be seen from fig. 3 to 4, a crack is welded.
Comparative example 2
The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: al:0.19%, cr:29.89%, fe:8.12%, mn:0.89%, mo:4.01%, nb:2.46%, si:0.12%, ta < 0.1%, ti:0.18%, C:0.03%, N:0.0061%, cu less than 0.10%, co less than 0.10%, O less than 0.005%, P less than 0.002%, S less than 0.002%, B less than 0.001%, zr less than 0.002%.
The conversion coefficient of the chemical components when the Laves phase volume percentage is calculated is as follows: cr:0.97, the calculated values of the elements not indicated for the measurement result are 0, the Laves phase is 1.55% > 1.0%. The result of the crack resistance test was poor.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A component design method of a nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire capable of preventing welding cracks comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the design value of the chemical components of the welding wire according to the principle that the volume percentage of the Laves phase in the welding wire is less than or equal to 1.0%;
(2) Preparing an ingot according to the chemical composition design value of the welding wire to obtain the chemical composition of the ingot;
(3) Calculating the volume percentage of the Laves phase of the ingot by adopting software according to the chemical components of the ingot;
(4) And if the volume percentage of the Laves phase of the ingot is 0-0.03%, taking the chemical components of the ingot as the chemical components of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the software of step (3) is JMatPro software.
3. The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power obtained by the component design method of any one of claims 1 to 2 comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.015-0.035%, si is less than or equal to 0.30%, mn:0.20 to 1.00%, cr:29.0 to 31.5%, fe:8 to 12%, ta: 1.5-4.0%, nb is less than or equal to 1.4%, ti is less than or equal to 0.5%, al is less than or equal to 0.5%, mo:3.0 to 5.0 percent and the balance of Ni.
4. The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power as claimed in claim 3, characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.025 to 0.033%, si:0.08 to 0.12%, mn:0.78 to 0.82%, cr:29.89 to 31.33%, fe:8.12 to 11.53%, ta: 1.60-3.51%, nb is less than or equal to 0.98%, ti:0.18 to 0.19%, al:0.19 to 0.32%, mo: 3.40-3.60% and the balance of Ni.
5. The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power further comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Co, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of B and less than or equal to 0.002 percent of Zr.
6. The nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power of claim 3, wherein the diameter of the nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power is 1.2mm.
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| CN202110696313.5A CN113319468B (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2021-06-16 | Component design method of nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire capable of preventing welding cracks and nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire |
| SE2250949A SE2250949A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2021-11-17 | Method for designing composition of nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power capable of preventing weld cracking and nickel-based alloy welding wire for nuclear power |
| PCT/CN2021/131238 WO2022262188A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2021-11-17 | Method for designing components of nuclear power-use nickel-based alloy welding wire for preventing welding cracks, nuclear power-use nickel-based alloy welding wire, and method for detecting welding cracks |
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