CN105397331B - A kind of high Nb of high Mn anti-crack defect nickel-based welding wire and welding method - Google Patents

A kind of high Nb of high Mn anti-crack defect nickel-based welding wire and welding method Download PDF

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CN105397331B
CN105397331B CN201510607718.1A CN201510607718A CN105397331B CN 105397331 B CN105397331 B CN 105397331B CN 201510607718 A CN201510607718 A CN 201510607718A CN 105397331 B CN105397331 B CN 105397331B
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welding
welding wire
present
nickel
defect
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CN105397331A (en
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陈佩寅
顾国兴
霍树斌
梅乐
刘金湘
张俊宝
张学刚
谷雨
陈燕
余燕
胡鹏亮
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HARBIN WEI'ER WELDING CO Ltd
HARBIN INST OF WELDING ACADEMY OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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HARBIN WEI'ER WELDING CO Ltd
HARBIN INST OF WELDING ACADEMY OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033Ni as the principal constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention is to provide a kind of high high Nb of Mn anti-crack defect nickel-based welding wire and welding method.Percentage by weight composition is C:<0.04%, Si:0.10 0.20%, Mn:3.8 4.2%, S:<0.003%, P:<0.003%, Cr:28.0 31.5%, Mo:<0.01%, Cu:<0.05%, Nb:2.2 2.5%, Mn+Nb:6.2 6.6%, Ti:0.4 0.9%, Al:<0.50%, Fe:8.5 10.5%, Ca:<0.005%, Mg:<0.005%, O:<0.005%, N:0.20 0.40%, B:<0.001%, Zr:<0.005%, Ta:<0.02%, Ni are surplus, other impurities element summation<0.10%.The welding wire of the present invention is applied to nuclear island primary device welding (including pressure vessel driving base, adapter safe end, reactor core rest pad, the weldering of steam generator sheetpile and welding of tube-to-tube sheet connection) and solves the problems, such as that current welding wire such as welds at the easy cracked defect under harsh conditions at the scene.

Description

A kind of high Nb of high Mn anti-crack defect nickel-based welding wire and welding method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding wire, specifically a kind of nickel-based welding wire.
Background technology
Nineteen fifties, initial steam generator is using the alloys of Inconel 600 as heat transfer tube material, institute ERNiCr-3 wldings (Inconel 82) built-up welding is used with tube sheet, heat-transfer pipe and built-up welding are also equally carried out using ERNiCr-3 wldings The welding of layer.But intergranular stress corrosion crack (IGSCC) is found in above-mentioned weld seam later, so starting to develop new heat-transfer pipe Material, through research after a while, the 1980s, start using the alloys of Inconel 690 as heat transfer tubing Material, and built-up welding and welding are carried out using ERNiCrFe-7 (Inconel 52) wlding.It is left that the chrome content of this material reaches 30% The right side, so efficiently avoid the generation of intergranular stress corrosion crack.But in recent years, weld seam of the USN in Inconel 52 In be found that a kind of the defects of being referred to as DDC again.Explored by further, added on the basis of Inconel 52 later The elements such as niobium, boron and zirconium, develop a kind of new modified welding material, referred to as Inconel 52M welding wires or Inconel 152M welding rods, inductile cracking and angle welding root problems of crack are substantially solved.The wlding is formally included at present AWS wlding classifications, in August, 2003,52M are named as 2142-2 by ASME.One kind new one is described in other a open source literature Core the welding material 52MSS, the Mn containing 2.5% Nb and 4% in generation can form optimal MC carbide morphologies and tissue, strain Cracking test (strain to testing-STF) shows even several times of Inconel 82 of the anti-DDC abilities of 52MSS.
The content of the invention
It is applied to nuclear island primary device it is an object of the invention to provide one kind to weld, solves current welding wire and weld at the scene The anti-crack defect nickel-based welding wire of the high Nb of high Mn under harsh conditions the problem of easy cracked defect.The purpose of the present invention is also It is to provide a kind of welding method of the anti-crack defect nickel-based welding wire based on the high Nb of high Mn.
The percentage by weight composition of the high Nb of high Mn of present invention anti-crack defect nickel-based welding wire is C:<0.04%, Si: 0.10-0.20%, Mn:3.8-4.2%, S:<0.003%, P:<0.003%, Cr:28.0-31.5%, Mo:<0.01%, Cu:< 0.05%, Nb:2.2-2.5%, Mn+Nb:6.2-6.6%, Ti:0.4-0.9%, Al:<0.50%, Fe:8.5-10.5%, Ca: <0.005%, Mg:<0.005%, O:<0.005%, N:0.20-0.40%, B:<0.001%, Zr:<0.005%, Ta:< 0.02%, Ni are surplus, other impurities element summation<0.10%.
In the high Nb of high Mn of present invention anti-crack defect nickel-based welding wire, Mn content is preferably 3.9-4.1%.
The welding method of anti-crack defect nickel-based welding wire of the high Nb of high Mn based on the present invention is:Welding wire specification is Φ 1.2mm, welding procedure are the automatic gas tungsten arc welding that fills silk, and welding procedure is electric current:200-230A, arc voltage: 14-16V, wire feed rate 1200mm/min, current type:Straight polarity direct current (DCEN), interlayer temperature:100-200 DEG C, protective gas 99.999%Ar, gas flow:14-18L/min.
By our research, when Nb contents are held essentially constant, after Mn contents increase to 4.1% by 0.79%, away from Crack number from built-up welding test plate (panel) end face 3.2mm positions is reduced to 3 by 30, illustrates to add Mn elements in 690 welding wire deposited metals The crack sensitivity of material can be improved.Nb is solution strengthening element in nickel-base alloy simultaneously, is ageing strengthening element again, Binding Forces Between Atoms, weld seam stabilizing can be improved in weld seam, Nb is that strong carbide separates out element, can be in crystal boundary and transgranular formation MC Type precipitate, the migration and sliding of welding wire deposited metal crystal boundary are influenceed, therefore can be to the high tempreture low ductility sensitiveness of material Have an impact, and improve the ability of deposited metal resistance high temperature deformation.
The high Nb of high Mn of present invention anti-crack defect nickel-based welding wire, using Tig Welding, uses 99.999% Ar is as protective gas, obtained final weld(ing) deposit, and by weight percentage, its basic chemical composition composition is C:< 0.04%, Si:0.10-0.20%, Mn:3.8-4.2%, S:<0.003%, P:<0.003%, Cr:28.0-31.5%, Mo:< 0.01%, Cu:<0.05%, Nb:2.2-2.5%, Mn+Nb:6.2-6.6%, Ti:0.4-0.9%, Al:<0.50%, Fe: 8.5-10.5%, Ca:<0.005%, Mg:<0.005%, O:<0.005%, N:0.20-0.40%, B:<0.001%, Zr:< 0.005%, Ta:<0.02%, Ni are surplus, other impurities element summation<0.10%.
The present invention has advantages below:
1. through experiment, the high high Nb of Mn of present invention anti-crack defect nickel-based welding wire, when built-up welding thickness reaches 30mm, deposition is golden Category still flawless defect, suitable for nuclear island primary device welding, (including pressure vessel drives base, adapter safe end, reactor core branch Supporting block, steam generator sheetpile weldering and tube-to-tube sheet connection welding) nickel-based welding wire.Solve current welding wire to weld at the scene Etc. under harsh conditions easily cracked defect the problem of.
2. during using welding wire of the present invention welding, technological parameter strong adaptability, process stabilization, welding wire feeding performance is good, without floating Slag, forming property are good.
3. welding wire of the present invention can realize the microalloying of weld seam, the weld seam for meeting standard requirement is obtained.
4. the weld(ing) deposit of welding wire of the present invention, as-welded room temperature tensile intensity Rm>=630MPa, yield strength RP0.2≥ 450MPa, elongation after fracture A >=35%, 350 DEG C of Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature Rm>=550MPa, yield strength RP0.2>=380MPa, has no progeny Elongation A >=30%, room temperature impact work(AKV≥150J.Welding process arc stability, shapes, and defect is few, and processing performance is good.
The nickel-based welding wire of the high Nb of high Mn of present invention anti-crack defect, suitable for nuclear island primary device welding (including pressure Container driving base, adapter safe end, reactor core rest pad, the weldering of steam generator sheetpile and the welding of tube-to-tube sheet connection).Solution Current welding wire of having determined welds etc. under harsh conditions the problem of easily cracked defect at the scene.
Embodiment
Illustrate below and the present invention is described in more detail.
Embodiment 1, foundry alloy steel ingot is forged, rolled, then by multi-pass is cold drawn and online annealing, at cleaning After reason, welding wire is ultimately formed, the chemical composition for finally making welding wire is C:0.024%, Si:0.18%, Mn:3.96%, S:< 0.003%, P:<0.003%, Cr:29.75%, Mo:0.03%, Cu:<0.05%, Nb:2.37%, Mn+Nb:6.2-6.6%, Ti:0.55%, Al:0.18%, Fe:9.00%, Ca:<0.005%, Mg:<0.005%, O:<0.005%, N:0.29%, B:< 0.001%, Zr:<0.005%, Ta:<0.02%, Ni are surplus.
Embodiment 2, foundry alloy steel ingot is forged, rolled, then by multi-pass is cold drawn and online annealing, at cleaning After reason, welding wire is ultimately formed, the chemical composition for finally making welding wire is C:0.02,3%, Si:0.16%, Mn:4.01%, S:< 0.003%, P:<0.003%, Cr:29.62%, Mo:0.03%, Cu:<0.05%, Nb:2.40%, Ti:0.50%, Al: 0.19%, Fe:8.36%, Ca:<0.005%, Mg:<0.005%, O:<0.005%, N:0.28%, B:<0.001%, Zr:< 0.005%, Ta:<0.02%, Ni are surplus.
In the present invention, welding wire can use vacuum induction furnace smelting to produce, and also using electric furnace secondary refining method can be added to smelt Production, as long as the final chemical composition of welding wire can meet the requirement of the above content of the invention.
In order to verify the effect of the present invention, below by two embodiments compared with three comparative examples.
Table 1 is the basic chemical composition of embodiment nickel-based welding wire (weight is than %):
The effect of each element and the original being in using these elements in the range of Composition Control in welding wire will be analyzed below Cause.
C:Solubility very littles of the C in austenitic based alloy, when alloy cools down from solid solubility temperature, C was in Saturation state, when receiving sensitized treatment, C and Cr form carbide (predominantly (Cr, Fe)23C6Type) separated out in crystal boundary, it can cause The poor Cr of grain boundaries, reduce the anti intercrystalline corrosion ability of deposited metal, it is therefore desirable to C content is any limitation as, C content should control Less than 0.04%.
Si:Si can be used as alloying element, illeffects again be present.First, Si can be used as deoxidier, and it is anti-to participate in deoxidation Should, a small amount of Si can improve the manufacturability of TIG welderings, increase the wellability of liquid metal, improve figuration of bead, Si can also in addition Improve the intensity of material;But then, Si can form Low melting point eutectic, increase fire check sensitiveness, therefore in alloy Si factor is considered during design.Present invention design Si content is can be controlled between 0.1-0.2%.
Mn:Mn addition is advantageous to the resistive connection crystalline substance cracking performance of abros.On the one hand, Mn preferentially with S combination shapes Into MnS (1610 DEG C of fusing point), reduce S and form Low melting point eutectic (such as:Ni-Ni3S2645 DEG C of fusing point) tendency so that Ovshinsky Body-sulfide eutectic temperature improves;On the other hand, increase solid liquid phase surface energy, reduce crystal boundary low melting point eutectic liquid film forming Possibility, it is suppressed that S, P detrimental effect, so as to reduce deposited metal solidification cracking formability.Meanwhile Mn is deoxidation again Agent, the oxygen content in weld metal can be reduced, reduce the condition to form silicate, it is considered that, added in weld metal 1% Mn cans reach de- S purpose, but Mn has strong segregation tendency in Ni-based weld metal, is deposited in weld seam Pin Mn areas and rich Mn areas.When amount containing Mn is insufficient in weld seam, poor Mn areas can produce high temperature because lacking Mn and not reaching de- S purpose Crackle, therefore enough Mn should be contained in weld seam, even if segregation be present, also ensure that poor Mn areas there can be enough Mn to take off S, so as to S illeffects is reduced, improves the crack-resistance sensitivity of material.As a whole, Mn elements in 690 welding wire deposited metals with oxygen The form of compound is present on crystal boundary, serves pinning crystal boundary, prevents the effect of Grain Boundary Sliding, in addition, Mn addition reduces S With the illeffects of the impurity such as P, the sensitiveness of the anti-Edge crystal crack of material is improved.
Al、Ti:The main function of Al, Ti in nickel-base alloy mother metal improves the intensity of alloy for improvement alloy property.And Al, Ti have deoxidation in Ni-based weld seam, can also improve intensity by solid solution and precipitation strength.Alloying element and oxygen Affinity is stronger, and the oxidization burning loss ratio of the element is bigger in welding process, and transfer coefficient is smaller, Al, Ti to oxygen affinity compared with By force, scaling loss in welding process be present, with the increase of Al, Ti content, Al, Ti scaling loss amount also increase in welding process, and Oxygen content is but always held at a lower value in weld seam.Al, Ti scaling loss amount increase, Al, Ti oxide formed in weld seam Also increase, Al, Ti oxide and impurity element Ca, Mg oxide buildup formed are grown up, because the oxide in weld seam increases The mobility in weld seam molten bath is deteriorated, and the oxide particle after these agglomerations is just not easy emersion molten bath, and final residue is welding In seam or face of weld forms spot defect.Meanwhile Al, Ti scaling loss weaken it and strengthens the effect of weld seam, Al controls exist 0.1-0.3%, Ti are controlled in 0.5-0.7%.
S:S is harmful element in Ni based alloys.S solubility very little, easily forms cyrystal boundary segregation in nickel-base alloy, produces The sulfide of low melting point eutectic, is segregated in crystal boundary, and grain boundary separation, i.e. solidification cracking are formed in the presence of thermal strain.Should be strict Control, reduces its content as far as possible, and S contents are controlled in the invention<0.003%.
P:Influences of the P to nickel-base alloy is similar to S, Pb, though content is seldom in the alloy for it, can not underestimate the harmful of it Effect, P mainly form Low melting point eutectic with Ni in the alloy, are segregated in crystal boundary, increase incomplete fusion zone width, promote crackle Tendency increase, so, P contents in nickel-base alloy must control is less than 0.005% in bottom line, S+P total contents "
Zr、B:Zr segregations in foundry alloy to crystal boundary, reduce grain boundary defects, improve crystal boundary adhesion, reduce grain boundary decision Speed, so as to slow down dislocation climb, strengthen crystal boundary, meanwhile, Zr segregations reduce interface energy, change the form of crystal boundary, subtract in crystal boundary The size of small crystalline phase, but in weld seam, Zr and O binding ability are strong and are oxidized easily scaling loss, and Zr and B easily cause crystallization Crackle, the Zr contents in welding material are controlled below 0.005%, B content is controlled below 0.001%.
Mg、Ca:It is the alloying element for especially needing to control according to Ca, Mg of the present invention, the control of its content and spot defect Closely related, easily there is spot defect in this in welding process at the scene in welding wire at present, again without good control method, reason It is that it only controls Ca, Mg as in general impurity element, the binding ability of Ca, Mg and oxygen is very strong, the CaO and MgO of formation Deoxidation products Al in easy and welding process2O3And TiO2Agglomeration formation field trash remains in formation point-like in weld seam and lacked Fall into, defect is mainly that Ca, Mg, Al, Ti oxide buildup are grown up and formed.It is therefore necessary to Ca, Mg are controlled extremely low Below scope, Mg<0.005%, Ca<0.005%.
Ta:Tantalum element about 80% enters γ ' phases in nickel-base alloy, forms γ ' phases, and after welding material welding It is mainly γ austenites and some carbide that phase composition is wished in weld(ing) deposit;Meanwhile tantalum element is a kind of strategic element, It is expensive, it should try one's best and use less.Therefore, Ta is controlled in the present invention below 0.02%.
Cu、Co、Mo:Cu presence easily to form the second phase in welding process in nickel-base alloy, improves alloy Hot cracking tendency.Therefore, Cu should be controlled below 0.02%.Under radiation parameter, to make Co constituent contents as far as possible low, the present invention Control is below 0.01%.In the present invention, Mo control of element is below 0.5%.
Nb:Nb is solution strengthening element in nickel-base alloy, is ageing strengthening element again, can be improved in weld seam between atom Adhesion, weld seam stabilizing, enhancing weld metal intergranular corrosion resistance ability, Nb are that strong carbonization combines element, it and C binding ability Stronger than Cr, generation NbC reduces the segregation of C on crystal boundary, so as to reduce M23C6And M7C3Formation, reduce crystal boundary poor Cr.Nb simultaneously again It is nitride forming element, Al, Ti and the N that can be substituted in alloy form compound, and play a part of solid N and strengthen matrix.Cause This, uses appropriate Nb to substitute Al, Ti in alloy and, to reduce the scaling loss of Al, Ti in weld seam, reduces the formation of oxide, make up simultaneously The effect of the reinforcing weld seam weakened because reducing Al, Ti, this be in the present invention important control spot defect factor it One of one, and obtain the condition of Strengthening and Toughening weld seam.In the present invention, Nb controls are between 2.1-2.6%, preferably 2.2-2.5%.
Ni、Cr、Fe:Ni is austenitic matrix, is stable austenite element;Cr mainly plays solution strengthening effect, and carbon Compound formation element, Cr are the most important elements in stable alloy surface, and it forms anti-oxidant and anti-corruption on the surface of matrix material The protective layer of erosion, alloy has good corrosion resistance when Cr contents reach 30%;Low-alloyed cost can drop in Fe addition, Control is 8.5 one 10.5%.
O、N:O is in the material inevitable relict element, and it is not the necessary element in alloy, in all situations Under, it is more low better by oxygen limit below 0.005%.N can improve the intensity of weld(ing) deposit, and general control exists Between 0.02-0.04%.
The weld(ing) deposit mechanical property test test result of table 2:
The experimental condition of the above example test result of table 3:
The weld(ing) deposit cracking test test result of table 4:
The experimental condition of above example test result:
The invention welding wire thick built-up welding 30mm on the 508-III steel mother metals that size is 400 × 50mm.With left and right two after being soldered On the basis of side end face, behind the position for removing end face out-of-flatness, 4 crackle test specimens, every thickness 4mm, after wire cutting, polishing are taken Liquid penetrant examination is carried out, examines the crack number and size occurred in each position.
Welding condition is the same as table 3
The welding wire chemical composition designed using the present invention, embodiment 1-2 are strong due to Mn and Nb addition, weld(ing) deposit Degree significantly improves room temperature tensile intensity>630MPa, room-temperature yield strength>450MPa, elongation after fracture A >=35%, 350 DEG C of high temperature Tensile strength>550MPa, room-temperature yield strength>380MPa, elongation after fracture A >=30%,.In comparative example, Mn and Nb contents are all Relatively low, its intensity is relatively low.
The welding wire chemical composition designed using the present invention, embodiment 1-2 are split due to Mn and Nb addition, weld(ing) deposit Line defect significantly reduces, and apart from end face 3.2mm positions, defect only has 4, and specification only has about 0.2mm, and comparative example 1-3 is due to Mn Few with Nb contents, crack-resistance sensitivity is clearly worse, and apart from end face 3.2mm opening positions, defect has 28 or more, it is known that distance End face 15.8mm positions just do not have substantially.
Non-consumable gas shielded arc welding can be not only used for according to the welding material of the present invention, can be used for consumable electrode gas Body protection weldering, can carry out the welding of structural member, can also be welded in other materials surface as a kind of resistant material heap.
Above-mentioned alloy can be exclusively with the welding of nuclear island primary device, it is contemplated that uses the conjunction in other industrial circles Gold.

Claims (1)

  1. A kind of 1. high Nb of high Mn anti-crack defect nickel-based welding wire, it is characterized in that percentage by weight composition is C:<0.04%, Si: 0.10-0.20%, Mn:3.9-4.1%, S:<0.003%, P:<0.003%, Cr:28.0-31.5%, Mo:<0.01%, Cu:< 0.05%, Nb:2.2-2.5%, Mn+Nb:6.2-6.6%, Ti:0.4-0.9%, Al:<0.50%, Fe:8.5-10.5%, Ca: <0.005%, Mg:<0.005%, O:<0.005%, N:0.20-0.40%, B:<0.001%, Zr:<0.005%, Ta:< 0.02%, Ni are surplus, other impurities element summation<0.10%.
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CN110280923B (en) 2019-06-13 2021-05-11 江苏大学 Fe-Ni-based alloy welding wire for 800H alloy welding, preparation method of Fe-Ni-based alloy welding wire and welding method of 800H alloy
CN110560961A (en) * 2019-10-12 2019-12-13 哈尔滨威尔焊接有限责任公司 Ta and Nb composite nickel-based welding wire for nuclear power equipment and welding method
CN113319467B (en) * 2021-06-16 2024-02-06 中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 Nickel-based alloy welding strip for nuclear power
CN113319468B (en) * 2021-06-16 2023-04-14 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 Component design method of nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire capable of preventing welding cracks and nuclear power nickel-based alloy welding wire

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US6242113B1 (en) * 1999-06-10 2001-06-05 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Welding alloy and articles for use in welding, weldments and methods for producing weldments
FR2845098B1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-12-24 Framatome Anp NICKEL-BASED ALLOY FOR ELECTRIC WELDING OF NICKEL ALLOYS AND WELDED STEEL STEELS AND USE THEREOF
CN102554505B (en) * 2012-01-11 2015-02-25 中国科学院金属研究所 Nickel-based bare wire resisting point defects and crack defects
CN102581512B (en) * 2012-03-06 2016-04-20 中国科学院金属研究所 A kind of point defect control method for nickel-based weld joint
CN102581513B (en) * 2012-03-06 2015-01-14 中国科学院金属研究所 Nickel-based welding wire for main equipment of nuclear island of nuclear power station
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