CN113317331A - 一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113317331A
CN113317331A CN202110695499.2A CN202110695499A CN113317331A CN 113317331 A CN113317331 A CN 113317331A CN 202110695499 A CN202110695499 A CN 202110695499A CN 113317331 A CN113317331 A CN 113317331A
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chinese medicine
traditional chinese
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preventing
swine fever
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闫春梅
黄琪
余捷
杨樊
万佳佳
赵青
靳洪振
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Yangtze University
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Yangtze University
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Abstract

本发明设计中药熏香技术领域，一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香，防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香包括薄荷20‑30份、白芷10‑40份、石菖蒲10‑20份、迷迭香10‑20份、白芨粉10‑20份、聚合物微球30‑40份，针对猪的常规养殖环境，使用天然草本成分，对猪对人无毒无害。使用后不仅具有驱蚊灭虫，切断非洲猪瘟的传播途径的作用，还可在室内形成空气药分子膜层，所含的挥发性物质可以在猪舍的空气中形成天然消毒气幕，在细菌和病毒最易蓄积的猪鼻喉头和气管的黏膜上形成“药膜”，达到灭菌、杀毒和防治呼吸道传染病的效果。

Description

一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于中药香薰技术领域，特别涉及一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香及其制备方法。
背景技术
非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒感染家猪和野猪(如非洲野猪、欧洲野猪等)引起一种急性、出血性、烈性传染病。世界动物卫生组织将其列为法定报告动物疫病。分子流行病学研究表明：传入中国的非洲猪瘟病毒属于基因Ⅱ型，与格鲁吉亚、俄罗斯、波兰公布的毒株全基因组序列同源性为99.95％左右。其特征是发病过程短，最急性和急性感染死亡率高达100％，临床表现为：发热(达40-42℃)，心跳加快，呼吸困难，部分咳嗽，眼、鼻有浆液性或粘液性脓性分泌物，皮肤发绀，淋巴结、肾、肠胃粘膜明显出血，非洲猪瘟临床症状与猪瘟症状相似，只能依靠实验室检测确诊。非洲猪瘟已经成为危害全球畜牧业生产的难题已逾百年(1909年再肯尼亚首次报道)，多年来世界各国进行了大量研究和探索，都不能得到满意的疗效。
ASFV的传播途径广泛，可以通过气溶胶、蚊虫或苍蝇还有患病家猪污染的饲料、饮水、人员和车辆等方式传播。目前尚无安全有效的ASF疫苗及药物进行预防和治疗。中药治疗非洲猪瘟也是可尝试的预防和治疗手段之一。目前公开的发明专利大致可以分为以下三类：一类是联合抗生素进行治疗的固体添加剂，但是兽用抗菌药物的使用会体高牲畜本身以及其他病菌的耐药性，此外兽用抗菌药物在牲畜体内的聚集最终将会导致人体免疫功能的紊乱。一类是液体中药制剂，主要使用方法为加入水源中让猪自由饮用。猪群的摄入剂量无法确定，药效也无法得到保证。第三类是单纯的固体中药制剂，拌入饲料中供发病猪群进行采食，但是目前我们国家还没有发现或公开针对非洲猪瘟有效的中药组方。
目前市场上销售的驱蚊剂大都对机体有害或使用有限制，如花露水含有乙醇，易燃；风油精气味浓烈，不易为人体所接受；蚊香使用有明火，且使用时产生的烟雾含有苯丙芘等对动物机体有害的物质。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香及其制备方法，针对猪的常规养殖环境，使用天然草本成分，对猪对人无毒无害。使用后不仅具有驱蚊灭虫，切断非洲猪瘟的传播途径的作用，还可在室内形成空气药分子膜层，所含的挥发性物质可以在猪舍的空气中形成天然消毒气幕，在细菌和病毒最易蓄积的猪鼻喉头和气管的黏膜上形成“药膜”，达到灭菌、杀毒和防治呼吸道传染病的效果。而且原料廉价易得，制作流程简便易行。制备出的中药熏香表面光滑，已充分燃烧，不浪费资源，能有效祛秽除臭、净化空气，且其成分都是中药，不会对人体以及猪群造成负面影响。。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香，所述防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香包括薄荷20-30份、白芷10-40份、石菖蒲10-20份、迷迭香 10-20份、白芨粉10-20份、聚合物微球30-40份。。
本发明的进一步设置为：所述聚合物微球通过以下步骤制备：1、取适量的明胶加入蒸馏水溶胀1h，然后在50℃-55℃下搅拌1h，得到明胶水溶液；2、在明胶水溶液中加入一定质量的植物精油，在一定速度下搅拌使其分散，并在以2.5-3mL/min的速度向乳液中滴加硫酸钠溶液是乳液凝聚，继续将得到的混合液进行搅拌；3、将步骤2中的体系温度降低到8-4℃，调节溶液pH值，使用甲醛溶液使明胶涂层硬化，保证1h的交联反应，4、将得到的明胶微球悬浮液离心分离，采用乙醇清洗，再用清水清洗，喷雾干燥得到聚合物微球。
本发明的进一步设置为：所述植物精油包括香茅油、留兰香油、苦杏仁精油、辽细辛精油、艾叶油、冬青油中的一种或两种以上。
本发明的进一步设置为：还包括香茅醛、香草醛、香兰素。
本发明的进一步设置为：一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香的其制备方法，包括下列步骤：
S1：将薄荷、白芷、石菖蒲、迷迭香、香茅醛、香草醛、香兰素按照比例称取；
S2：将称取得组分放入超细粉碎机过筛；
S3：将上述粉末与白芨粉、聚合物微球、增效剂和助燃剂兑水搅拌成糊状，兑水量以糊状香胚不松散为宜；
S4：通过熏香磨具加工成型，再放入烘干机烘干，得到中药熏香。。
本发明的进一步设置为：所述超细粉碎机中筛子目数为120目。
本发明的进一步设置为：所述增效剂为香叶醇与水杨酸甲酯的混合物。
本发明的进一步设置为：所述增效剂中香叶醇与水杨酸甲酯的混合比为7:3。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明针对猪的常规养殖环境，使用天然草本成分，对猪对人无毒无害。使用后不仅具有驱蚊灭虫，切断非洲猪瘟的传播途径的作用，还可在室内形成空气药分子膜层，所含的挥发性物质可以在猪舍的空气中形成天然消毒气幕，在细菌和病毒最易蓄积的猪鼻喉头和气管的黏膜上形成“药膜”，达到灭菌、杀毒和防治呼吸道传染病的效果。而且原料廉价易得，制作流程简便易行。制备出的中药熏香表面光滑，已充分燃烧，不浪费资源，能有效祛秽除臭、净化空气，且其成分都是中药，不会对人体以及猪群造成负面影响。
2、本发明中薄荷，辛凉，具有清香发散作用。现代药理学研究证实，薄荷中含有的薄荷油、薄荷酮和薄荷醇在发散后，可将蚊子驱散，并且对动物机体是无害的，为君药。白芷，味辛性温，具有祛风止痒之功效，并可开宣肺气而发汗透邪。白芷有解热，抑菌的作用，适合夏季驱蚊使用。与薄荷配伍使用，经鼻黏膜进入体内，二者清轻走表，并且可畅达人体上中下三焦之气，为臣。石菖蒲，气味芳香，可辟秽化浊，加强中焦运化水湿功效，醒脑开窍，《本草纲目》及《太平圣惠方》中记载其气味可避蚊虫，为佐助药。迷迭香，《本草拾遗》中记载该药“辛，温，无毒。令人衣香，避蚊。”气味芳香，不但可以驱散蚊虫，而且气味芳香无刺激性，为使药。上述4味药合用，共奏驱蚊醒神、清热祛湿之效。
3、本发明在中药熏香中添加了聚合物微球，传统的精油通常会在一开始表现出很好的驱蚊效果，但效果常常很快就会减弱，只能持续相对较短的时间，并且通过熏香燃烧释放气体来驱蚊时，燃烧时不能控制精油的释放量使其稳定，时多时少，导致了效率降低，本发明将精油混合在微球中能够控制释放速度，增加驱蚊时间，提高了精油的驱蚊效率。
4、本发明在原料中添加了香茅醛、香草醛、香兰素，这是由于植物精油杀虫的作用靶标主要是神经系统，精油成分之间的协同作用能够达到更好地驱蚊效果和驱蚊时间，植物精油与少量的香茅醛混合之后，驱蚊率大大提高，也有效的延长了驱蚊时间。
5、本发明在制作熏香时，添加了增效剂，采用增效剂对驱虫效果具有明显地增效作用，不仅能够降低精油成分的使用量，并且以植物精油单体化合物作为增效成分，对牲畜和人体都是安全无刺激的，并且易分解无残留，对环境无污染，对靶标作用方式多样，能够延缓害虫抗药性的产生，符合人们对卫生杀虫绿色、安全、环保的要求。
具体实施方式
下面将对实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
对比例1：
一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香的其制备方法：包括下列步骤：
S1：将薄荷20份、白芷10份、石菖蒲10份、迷迭香10份按照比例称取；
S2：将称取得组分放入超细粉碎机过筛，筛子目数为120目；
S3：将上述粉末与白芨粉10份和助燃剂兑水搅拌成糊状，兑水量以糊状香胚不松散为宜；
S4：通过熏香磨具加工成型，再放入烘干机烘干，得到中药熏香。
对比例2：
一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香的其制备方法：包括下列步骤：
S1：将薄荷25份、白芷30份、石菖蒲15份、迷迭香15份、香茅醛4份、香草醛3份、香兰素4份按照比例称取；
S2：将称取得组分放入超细粉碎机过筛，筛子目数为120目；
S3：将上述粉末与白芨粉15份和助燃剂兑水搅拌成糊状，兑水量以糊状香胚不松散为宜；
S4：通过熏香磨具加工成型，再放入烘干机烘干，得到中药熏香。
实施例1：
一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香的其制备方法：包括下列步骤：
S1：将薄荷30份、白芷40份、石菖蒲20份、迷迭香20份、香茅醛4份、香草醛4份、香兰素4份按照比例称取；
S2：将称取得组分放入超细粉碎机过筛，筛子目数为120目；
S3：将上述粉末与白芨粉20份、聚合物微球40份、增效剂4份和助燃剂兑水搅拌成糊状，兑水量以糊状香胚不松散为宜；
S4：通过熏香磨具加工成型，再放入烘干机烘干，得到中药熏香。
实施例2：
一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香的其制备方法：包括下列步骤：
S1：将薄荷20份、白芷10份、石菖蒲10份、迷迭香10份、香茅醛3份、香草醛3份、香兰素3-4份按照比例称取；
S2：将称取得组分放入超细粉碎机过筛，筛子目数为120目；
S3：将上述粉末与白芨粉10份、聚合物微球30份、增效剂2份和助燃剂兑水搅拌成糊状，兑水量以糊状香胚不松散为宜；
S4：通过熏香磨具加工成型，再放入烘干机烘干，得到中药熏香。
实施例3：
一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香的其制备方法：包括下列步骤：
S1：将薄荷25份、白芷40份、石菖蒲20份、迷迭香15份、香茅醛4份、香草醛4份、香兰素4份按照比例称取；
S2：将称取得组分放入超细粉碎机过筛，筛子目数为120目；
S3：将上述粉末与白芨粉20份、聚合物微球40份、增效剂4份和助燃剂兑水搅拌成糊状，兑水量以糊状香胚不松散为宜；
S4：通过熏香磨具加工成型，再放入烘干机烘干，得到中药熏香。
分别采用上述对比例1-2与实施例1-3中制得的中药香薰在不同使用时间后释放量以及对淡色库蚊幼虫的驱避率和毒杀活性，如下表1所示。
表1对比例1-2与实施例1-3对淡色库蚊幼虫的印影响性能测试
Figure RE-GDA0003163069040000051
由表1可以看出，对比例1与对比例2相比，对比例2中添加了香茅醛、香草醛、香兰素，可以看出，在香薰释放相同时间之后，对比例2中的蚊虫的驱避率和死亡率明显优于没有添加香茅醛、香草醛、香兰素的对比例1，因此，添加了香茅醛、香草醛、香兰素之后的中药香薰能够对蚊虫有更好地进行趋避；实施例1-3与对比例2的区别在于，实施例1-3中添加了聚合物微球、其中增效剂，聚合物微球主要是在不影响中药香薰的性能前提下能够增长中药香薰的有效驱蚊时间，从表1可以看出，实施例1-3中香薰有效成分的释放量速度明显慢于对比例1-2，但实施例1-3在相同时间内的对蚊虫的驱避率与对比例1-2相同，并且在后续较长时间的释放之后依旧能够保持较高的驱避率，总体来说，添加了香茅醛、香草醛、香兰素之后的中药香薰对蚊虫驱避率以及死亡率都明显地促进作用，聚合物微球、增效剂增长中药香薰的有效驱蚊时间，并且对蚊虫的致死率以及驱避率都有明显地提高。

Claims (8)

1.一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香，其特征在于：所述防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香包括薄荷20-30份、白芷10-40份、石菖蒲10-20份、迷迭香10-20份、白芨粉10-20份、聚合物微球30-40份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香，其特征在于：所述聚合物微球通过以下步骤制备：1、取适量的明胶加入蒸馏水溶胀1h，然后在50℃-55℃下搅拌1h，得到明胶水溶液；2、在明胶水溶液中加入一定质量的植物精油，在一定速度下搅拌使其分散，并在以2.5-3mL/min的速度向乳液中滴加硫酸钠溶液是乳液凝聚，继续将得到的混合液进行搅拌；3、将步骤2中的体系温度降低到8-4℃，调节溶液pH值，使用甲醛溶液使明胶涂层硬化，保证1h的交联反应，4、将得到的明胶微球悬浮液离心分离，采用乙醇清洗，再用清水清洗，喷雾干燥得到聚合物微球。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香，其特征在于：所述植物精油包括香茅油、留兰香油、苦杏仁精油、辽细辛精油、艾叶油、冬青油中的一种或两种以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香及其制备方法，其特征在于：还包括香茅醛、香草醛、香兰素。
5.一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香的其制备方法，其特征在于：包括下列步骤：
S1：将薄荷、白芷、石菖蒲、迷迭香、香茅醛、香草醛、香兰素按照比例称取；
S2：将称取得组分放入超细粉碎机过筛；
S3：将上述粉末与白芨粉、聚合物微球、增效剂和助燃剂兑水搅拌成糊状，兑水量以糊状香胚不松散为宜；
S4：通过熏香磨具加工成型，再放入烘干机烘干，得到中药熏香。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香的其制备方法，其特征在于：:所述超细粉碎机中筛子目数为120目。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香的制备方法，其特征在于：所述增效剂为香叶醇与水杨酸甲酯的混合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种防治非洲猪瘟的中药熏香的制备方法，其特征在于：所述增效剂中香叶醇与水杨酸甲酯的混合比为7:3。
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