CN113317109A - Cultivation method for improving quality of sweet cherries - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving quality of sweet cherries Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving the quality of sweet cherries, which comprises the following steps: providing sweet cherry Jimei; planting sweet cherry Jimei in soil, and pruning and field managing the sweet cherry Jimei; the pruning of the sweet cherry guitar comprises one of super slender spindle-shaped pruning, UFO tree-shaped pruning and V-shaped pruning. According to the cultivation method, the quality of the sweet cherry can be improved by respectively trimming the Jimei of the sweet cherry according to one of ultra-long spindle-shaped trimming, UFO tree-shaped trimming and V-shaped trimming; specifically, various morphological indexes of the ultra-fine spindle shape, chlorophyll content of leaves, photosynthetic property, leaf area of a single plant, yield of the single plant and fruit quality are all highest, the tree shape of UFO is inferior, and the V shape is lowest; but every 667m of the V-font2Leaf area and per 667m2The yield is obviously higher than that of the ultra-long spindle shape and the UFO tree shape, so that different shaping and trimming modes can be selected according to requirements during actual planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sweet cherry planting, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the quality of sweet cherries.
Background
The sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is also called large cherry, is a plant of Prunus of Rosaceae, has bright fruit color, good sour and sweet taste, rich nutrition, is popular with the public, and has good market prospect. Cherry is a new special fruit tree industry after apple and kiwi fruit, is known as the sunward industry, and the cherry cultivation area is rapidly increased year by year. The production of high-quality cherries depends on agricultural technical management measures such as good sweet cherry varieties, stock varieties, pruning technology, planting density and the like.
Photosynthesis is the basis of growth and yield formation of sweet cherries, so researches on aspects of cherry photosynthesis physiology are receiving more and more attention of scholars at home and abroad. More than 90% of dry matter of fruit trees is from photosynthesis, and the photosynthetic capacity determines the growth and development of the fruit trees and the formation of yield. The root of the agricultural measures in production is to improve the photosynthetic capacity of plants and improve the reasonable distribution of photosynthetic products. The research reports about the photosynthesis characteristics of fruit trees are that most of the fruit trees such as apples, oranges, pears and the like report less on cherries, and mainly relate to the photosynthesis characteristics of western cherries and rootstocks and the influence on yield and quality. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the most important pigments in photosynthesis and are responsible for capturing light energy and converting and transmitting the light energy, so that the content of chlorophyll in leaves is an important index reflecting the photosynthetic capacity of plants.
The fruits in the domestic sweet cherry producing area are mainly supplied to the domestic economically developed areas, and the cherry export is almost zero due to the lack of the cherry varieties resistant to storage and transportation. The sweet cherry variety 'Jimei' has the characteristics of late-maturing fruits, hard pulp, storage and transportation resistance and excellent quality. The variety has drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance, fruit cracking resistance and strong soil fixing property, and is suitable for planting in the same kind of areas such as southern Shanxi, Weizhong, Shannan and the like. High quality, high yield and standardized tree shape, which is the premise of healthy development of the cherry industry. Cherry growers all over the world combine cherry varieties, stocks, cultivation techniques and shaping techniques with the climate conditions, soil types and management conditions to form a plurality of cherry cultivation systems. At present, researchers have studied the relation between the planting mode and the yield of sweet cherry varieties such as 'Blattet', 'Laifeia farinacea', 'Labinge' and 'shouyang', but the research on the relation between the proper planting mode of 'Jimei' of the sweet cherry and the quality of the sweet cherry is not reported yet.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the quality of sweet cherries, so as to improve the quality of sweet cherries.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the quality of sweet cherries, which comprises the following steps:
providing sweet cherry Jimei;
planting sweet cherry Jimei in soil, and pruning and field managing the sweet cherry Jimei;
wherein, the pruning of the sweet cherry Jimei comprises one of super slender spindle-shaped pruning, UFO tree-shaped pruning and V-shaped pruning.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for improving the quality of the sweet cherry, if the sweet cherry Jimei is subjected to ultra-long spindle-shaped pruning, the planting density of the sweet cherry Jimei is 2m multiplied by 4.5 m;
if UFO tree pruning is carried out on the sweet cherry Jimei, the planting density of the sweet cherry Jimei is 2m multiplied by 4 m;
if the sweet cherry Jimei is subjected to V-shaped pruning, the planting density of the sweet cherry Jimei is 2 mx (0.8+4.5) m.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for improving the quality of the sweet cherry, the sweet cherry Jimei rootstock is a mahalei CDR-1 and is 7-year old.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for improving the quality of the sweet cherries, the pH of the soil is 7-8.
Compared with the prior art, the cultivation method for improving the quality of the sweet cherries has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the cultivation method for improving the quality of the sweet cherry, the quality of the sweet cherry can be improved by respectively trimming the sweet cherry in one of ultra-long spindle-shaped trimming, UFO tree-shaped trimming and V-shaped trimming; in particular, various morphological indexes and leaf blades of the ultra-fine long spindle shapeThe chlorophyll content, the photosynthetic property, the leaf area of a single plant, the yield of the single plant and the fruit quality are all the highest, the tree form of UFO is the lowest, and the V shape is the lowest. But every 667m of the V-font2Leaf area and per 667m2The yield is obviously higher than that of the ultra-long spindle shape and the UFO tree shape, so that different shaping and trimming modes can be selected according to requirements during actual planting.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a super-slim spindle shaped trim of a sweet cherry of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a tree pruning of sweet cherry Jimei UFO of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a Jimei V-shaped trimmed photograph of sweet cherry of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a chlorophyll content diagram of sweet cherry Jimei with different shaping and trimming modes in examples 1-3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of sweet cherry Jimei obtained by different pruning modes in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows that each 667m of sweet cherry Jimei is obtained by different shaping and trimming methods in embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention2Area of leaf and per 667m2And (4) a yield relation graph.
Detailed Description
In the following, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the application provides a cultivation method for improving the quality of sweet cherries, which comprises the following steps:
s1, providing sweet cherry Jimei;
s2, planting the sweet cherry Jimei in soil, and trimming and field managing the sweet cherry Jimei;
wherein, the pruning of the sweet cherry Jimei comprises one of super slender spindle-shaped pruning, UFO tree-shaped pruning and V-shaped pruning.
It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the super slender spindle-shaped trimming, the UFO tree-shaped trimming and the V-shaped trimming are all conventional trimming manners; in order to promote the growth of fruit trees, on the basis of meeting the requirement of high and stable yield in successive years, the quality of fruits is continuously improved, the field management is convenient, fruit growers often manually control and adjust crowns according to the growth and fruiting habits of the fruit trees, and the fruit trees are trimmed. The field management in the embodiment of the application includes but is not limited to fertilizing, watering, pest control and the like of sweet cherry Jimei.
Specifically, the fertilization comprises the following steps: in the fertilizing process of sweet cherry Jimei, the key period of the fertilizing is before germination, after fruit picking and 9-10 months in autumn, 2 kg of compound fertilizer is applied every time, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the applied inorganic fertilizer is 15: 8: 22, additionally applying 20kg of organic fertilizer to each tree in autumn every full bearing period.
The pest control is as follows: jimei mainly performs the prevention and control of fruit flies, and the prevention and control technology comprises the following steps: (1) measuring, predicting and trapping: hanging a fruit fly trapping sticky plate and sugar-vinegar liquid, and investigating the growth and decay dynamics of the fruit flies; (2) during the fruiting period: removing weeds in the orchard; (3) according to the fruit fly growth-eliminating dynamic data measured and reported by the trapping plate, spraying 800 times of 26% chlorpyrifos or 800 times of 5% beta-cypermethrin on the ground and underground for 1 time in the fruit setting period after flowering; (4) after 7-10 days, 5000 times of 1% abamectin missible oil is sprayed; or 0.3% matrine aqua is 800-1000 times and sprayed; (5) after 7-10 days, spraying 600-800 times of 100 hundred million spores/ml Empedobacter brevis; (6) after picking fruits, cleaning the garden, and collecting, spraying and burying rotten fruits below the trees in a centralized manner; the chlorpyrifos is sprayed in the whole garden to eliminate the residual fruit flies; (7) clearing the garden in winter, including clearing residual fruits, rotten leaves of dead branches and the like on the trees, reducing the ova of overwintering fruit flies and preventing the next-year cherry fruit flies from happening.
In some embodiments, the sweet cherry Jimei has a planting density of 2m by 4.5m if the sweet cherry Jimei is subjected to ultra-long spindle pruning;
if UFO tree pruning is carried out on the sweet cherry Jimei, the planting density of the sweet cherry Jimei is 2m multiplied by 4 m;
if the sweet cherry Jimei is subjected to V-shaped pruning, the planting density of the sweet cherry Jimei is 2 mx (0.8+4.5) m. Specifically, the planting density is 2m × 0.8+4.5 m, which means that the narrow row planting width is 0.8m and the wide row planting width is 4.5 m. Fig. 1 is a super-long spindle-shaped pruning in the cultivation process, fig. 2 is a UFO tree-shaped pruning in the cultivation process, and fig. 3 is a V-shaped pruning in the cultivation process; in the figure 3, sweet cherries are planted between a and b in a beautiful narrow row, and the width is 0.8 m; in the figure 3, the sweet cherries are planted in a wide row with Jimei and 4.5m in width between b and c.
In some embodiments, the sweet cherry gemma rootstock is 'mahalanobis CDR-1', tree-aged 7-year old. Specifically, cherry anti-root-cancer rootstock 'mahali CDR-1' is used as a rootstock, and 7-year-old 'Jimei' sweet cherries are used as test materials.
The cultivation method for improving the quality of sweet cherries of the present application is further described below with specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment of the application provides a cultivation method for improving the quality of sweet cherries, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking cherry root cancer-resistant rootstock 'mahali CDR-1' as rootstock and taking 7-year-old 'Jimei' sweet cherry as test material;
s2, planting the sweet cherry Jimei in soil, and trimming and field managing the sweet cherry Jimei;
wherein, the sweet cherry Jimei is trimmed into a super-long spindle-shaped trimming, and the planting density is 2m multiplied by 4.5 m;
wherein the field management comprises fertilization and pest control;
the fertilization comprises the following steps: in the fertilizing process of sweet cherry Jimei, the key period of the fertilizing is before germination, after fruit picking and 9-10 months in autumn, 2 kg of compound fertilizer is applied every time, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the applied inorganic fertilizer is 15: 8: 22, additionally applying 20kg of organic fertilizer to each tree in autumn every full bearing period;
the pest control is as follows: jimei mainly performs the prevention and control of fruit flies, and the prevention and control technology comprises the following steps: (1) measuring, predicting and trapping: hanging a fruit fly trapping sticky plate and sugar-vinegar liquid, and investigating the growth and decay dynamics of the fruit flies; (2) during the fruiting period: removing weeds in the orchard; (3) according to the fruit fly growth-eliminating dynamic data measured and reported by the trapping plate, spraying 800 times of 26% chlorpyrifos or 800 times of 5% beta-cypermethrin on the ground and underground for 1 time in the fruit setting period after flowering; (4) after 7-10 days, 5000 times of 1% abamectin missible oil is sprayed; or 0.3% matrine aqua is 800-1000 times and sprayed; (5) after 7-10 days, spraying 600-800 times of 100 hundred million spores/ml Empedobacter brevis; (6) after picking fruits, cleaning the garden, and collecting, spraying and burying rotten fruits below the trees in a centralized manner; the chlorpyrifos is sprayed in the whole garden to eliminate the residual fruit flies; (7) clearing the garden in winter, including clearing residual fruits, rotten leaves of dead branches and the like on the trees, reducing the ova of overwintering fruit flies and preventing the next-year cherry fruit flies from happening.
Example 2
The cultivation method for improving the quality of the sweet cherries provided by the embodiment of the application is the same as the cultivation method provided by the embodiment 1, and is different from the embodiment 1 in that the Jimei of the sweet cherries are trimmed into UFO tree-shaped trims, and the planting density is 2m multiplied by 4 m.
Example 3
The cultivation method for improving the quality of the sweet cherries provided by the embodiment of the application is the same as the cultivation method provided by the embodiment 1, and is different from the cultivation method in that the sweet cherries are trimmed in a V shape, and the planting density is 2m multiplied by (0.8+4.5) m.
Sweet cherry Jimei index determination
According to the cultivation method in the above embodiments 1-3, 5 sweet cherries with robust plants, consistent tree vigor and good growth results are randomly selected as the repeat in each embodiment, and the related indexes are determined.
1.1 morphological index and yield determination of sweet cherry Jimei with different shaping and pruning modes in examples 1-3
Before germination, basic data such as tree height, stem thickness, east-west, south-north crown diameter and the like are measured by a measuring tape and a vernier caliper. Height of tree isMeasuring the height of the plant from the ground to the highest point; the stem thickness is the thickness of the trunk at the position of 10cm on the measuring ground; the east-west and south-north crown diameters are the largest crown diameters measured in the east-west direction and the south-north direction of the crown. When the fruit is mature, the whole tree fruit of each tree is picked to determine the yield of each plant. According to the planting density of each shaping and pruning mode, each 667m of each shaping and pruning mode can be calculated2Finally calculating each 667m of planted trees2The total yield of sweet cherries.
1.2 measurement of chlorophyll content of sweet cherry Jimei with different pruning modes in examples 1 to 3
During sampling, one branch is randomly selected in 4 directions of east, west, south and north in the middle layer of the crown, and 9 mature functional leaves are randomly selected on each branch, namely, 36 leaves are picked for each treated tree. Cleaning leaves, cutting off coarse veins, weighing 0.1-0.2g, cutting into 2mm strips, extracting with 10mL 95% ethanol, placing in dark for 24h, diluting to 25mL, measuring absorbance at 665, 649, 652nm wavelength by spectrophotometer, taking 95% ethanol as reference, and measuring each leaf extract for 3 times.
Chlorophyll a content ═ 13.95 XA665-6.88×A649) X total volume of extract]/1000
Chlorophyll b content ═ 24.96 XA649-7.32×A665) X total volume of extract]/1000
Total chlorophyll (A)652X 50X Total volume of extract)/(34.5X weight of sample x 1000)
In the formula: the chlorophyll a and b and the total content are in mg g-1(ii) a The unit of the total volume of the extracting solution is mL; the unit of the weighing is g.
1.3 photosynthetic characteristic determination of sweet cherry Jimei of different pruning modes in examples 1 to 3
The test is carried out on a sunny day, the measurement is carried out from 10 to 11 in the morning, and all the parameters of the instrument are set according to the non-controlled experimental operation steps. And selecting 3 mature functional leaves from the periphery of the middle upper part of the south-facing side of the crown by using a portable photosynthesis determination system (LI-6800) for index determination, and repeatedly reading 5 data from each leaf. MeasuringWhen the index is determined, the main veins need to be avoided, and data is recorded after the system is stabilized. The measurement indices are net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2Concentration (Ci).
1.4 leaf area determination of sweet cherry Jimei with different shaping and pruning modes in examples 1-3
5 trees were selected per treatment and the total number of main branches per tree was recorded. And recording the total leaf number of one main branch every other main branch of each tree from bottom to top. And calculating the total leaf number of each tree according to the total main branch number of the whole plant and the total leaf number of each main branch. Picking 1 blade on each main branch every 30-50 blades, marking all the picked blades in each treatment classification, and then taking back to the laboratory to measure the leaf area of all the picked blades by using a Yaxin-1242 leaf area meter.
1.5 measurement of fruit quality of sweet cherry Jimei with different pruning modes in examples 1 to 3
When the fruits are mature, 30 fruits are randomly taken from each treated tree for measuring the quality indexes of the fruits, wherein the measurement indexes comprise single fruit weight, fruit hardness and soluble solid content. The method comprises the steps of measuring the weight of a single fruit of the fruit by using a balance (the precision is 0.01g, the maximum range is 500g), measuring the hardness of the fruit by using a Beijing sunshine Yishidao FT-7 type soft fruit hardness nondestructive detector, and measuring the content of soluble solids of the fruit by using an ATAGO integrated sugar-acid instrument (the model is PAL-BXIACID 5; Brix is 0-60%).
Test results
2.1 comparison of morphological indices of King Jimei of cherry with different pruning methods in examples 1 to 3
From the test results, the tree height of the ultra-long spindle-shaped Jimei tree is the highest among the three shaping and trimming modes and reaches 351.06 cm; the UFO tree is 300.54 cm; the V shape is the lowest and is 268.58 cm; and the tree heights of the three shaping and pruning modes reach significant difference; the maximum stem thickness of the ultra-long spindle-shaped Jimei is 22.50 cm; the length of the tree form of UFO is 20.13 cm; the V shape is the lowest and is 17.74 cm; and the difference between the stem thicknesses of the three shaping and pruning modes is obvious. The east-west crown diameter of the ultra-long spindle-shaped Jimei is the largest and reaches 305.63 cm; the UFO tree is 207.52 cm; the V shape is the lowest and is 200.25 cm; and the difference between the east-west crown diameters of the three shaping and trimming modes is obvious. The south-north crown diameter of the UFO tree is 380.44 cm; the length of the superfine spindle is 370.49 cm; the V shape is the lowest and is 299.92 cm; and significant differences are achieved between the north and south crown diameters of the three plastic pruning modes (see table 1).
TABLE 1 comparison of morphological indices of different plastic pruning modes Jimei in examples 1-3
Note: each data in the same column in the table is an average of 5 determinations, with a lower case letter after the number indicating significant difference (P <0.05)
2.2 comparison of chlorophyll content of sweet cherry Jimei with different pruning modes in examples 1-3
The chlorophyll content of the sweet cherry Jimei leaves in the three pruning modes is shown in FIG. 4 (different lower case letters in FIG. 4 indicate that the difference is up to a significant level (P)<0.05)), the chlorophyll a content, the chlorophyll b content and the total chlorophyll content of the ultra-long spindle-shaped leaves are highest and are respectively 2.377mg g-1,0.863mg·g-1And 3.241mg g-1(ii) a The UFO is 1.928mg g-1，0.725mg·g-1And 2.653mg g-1(ii) a The V shape is the lowest and is 1.651mg g-1，0.679mg·g-1And 2.330mg g-1. The chlorophyll content uniform difference of 3 leaves between the ultra-long spindle shape and the UFO tree shape is obvious, and the chlorophyll content uniform difference of 3 leaves between the UFO tree shape and the V shape is obvious.
2.3 comparison of photosynthetic characteristics of sweet cherry Jimei with different pruning methods in examples 1-3
Table 2 shows the photosynthetic property results of sweet cherry Jimei by the cultivation method in examples 1-3, and it can be seen from Table 2 that the difference of net photosynthetic rates (Pn) between the sweet cherry 'Jimei' in the three pruning modes is significant, Pn of the ultra-long spindle shape is higher than that of the UFO tree shape, but the difference is not significant, Pn of the ultra-long spindle shape and that of the UFO tree shape are both significantly higher than those of the V shape, and the difference is significant and is respectively 17.06 μmol · m-2·s-1，16.05μmol·m-2·s-1，14.35μmol·m-2·s-1. Ultra-long spindle transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2The concentrations (Ci) were, respectively, 8.36 mmol. multidot.m-2·s-1，0.86mol·m-2·s-1And 410.00. mu. mol-1The UFO is 3.78mmol · m-2·s-1，0.76mol·m-2·s-1And 404.66. mu. mol-1The lowest V shape is 2.50 mmol. m-2·s-1，0.56mol·m-2·s-1And 397.41. mu. mol-1. Tr, Gs and Ci of the ultra-long spindle shape are all obviously higher than those of the UFO tree shape, Tr, Gs and Ci of the UFO tree shape are all obviously higher than those of the V shape, and the difference between the Tr, the Gs and the Ci of the three shaping and trimming modes is obvious.
TABLE 2 comparison of photosynthetic characteristics of different pruning modes for examples 1-3
Note: each data in the same column in the table is an average of 5 determinations, with a lower case letter after the number indicating significant difference (P <0.05)
2.4 comparison of leaf area and yield of sweet cherry Jimei with different pruning modes in examples 1-3
According to three kindsThe planting density of the shaping and pruning mode can be respectively calculated, and the ultra-long spindle shape is 667m2Planting 74 plants, UFO trees each 667m2Planting 83 plants in a V shape of 667m each2126 plants were planted. The leaf area and yield results of sweet cherries obtained by different pruning methods in examples 1-3 are shown in Table 3.
Table 3-comparison of leaf area and yield of sweet cherry Jimei for different pruning modes in examples 1-3
Note: each data in the same column in the table is an average of 5 determinations, with a lower case letter after the number indicating significant difference (P <0.05)
As can be seen from Table 3, the difference between the leaf areas of the individual plants of the three pruning methods of Jimei is significant, and as a result, the ultra-long spindle shape>UFO tree shape>V-shaped, 47.24m each2，37.85m2，29.06m2And each 667m of the three plastic trimming modes2The leaf area comparison result is V-shaped>Ultra-slender spindle shape>UFO tree form, 3661.56m each2，3495.91m2，3141.55m2And each 667m of the three shaping and trimming modes2The difference between the leaf areas was significant. The difference between the individual plant yields of the three pruning modes is significant, and as a result, the ultra-long spindle shape>UFO tree shape>V-shaped, 31.94kg, 23.69kg and 20.70kg respectively, and each 667m of the three shaping and trimming modes2The yield comparison result is that the V-shaped>Ultra-slender spindle shape>UFO tree shapes of 2608.20kg, 2363.41kg and 1966.10kg, and each 667m of the three shaping and trimming modes2Significant differences were achieved between the yields.
2.5 comparison of fruit quality of sweet cherry Jimei with different pruning methods in examples 1-3
The results of the fruit quality of sweet cherries in examples 1 to 3 with different pruning methods are shown in table 4. As can be seen from Table 4, in the three pruning modes, the sweet cherry in the ultra-long spindle-shaped pruning mode has the largest single fruit weight of 11.05g, the second tree shape of UFO of 9.17g and the lowest V-shaped weight of 8.11g, and the single fruit weights of the three pruning modes reach the significant difference level; the sweet cherry Jimei fruit hardness of the ultra-long spindle-shaped pruning mode is 242.89g/mm as the maximum, the UFO tree shape is 238.47g/mm as the minimum, the V shape is 233.23g/mm as the minimum, and the difference between the fruit hardness of the three shaping pruning modes is not obvious; the sweet cherry Jimei in the ultra-long spindle-shaped pruning mode has the highest soluble solid content of 18.27 percent, the UFO tree shape is 16.89 percent, the V shape is the lowest and is 15.07 percent, the difference between the soluble solid content of the ultra-long spindle-shaped pruning mode and the UFO tree shape and the V shape is obvious, and the difference between the soluble solid content of the UFO tree shape and the V shape is not obvious.
Table 4-comparison of fruit quality of sweet cherry Jimei with different pruning methods in examples 1-3
Note: the data in the same column in the table are each an average of 30 fruit data, with the lower case letters after the numbers indicating significant differences (P <0.05)
2.6 example 1-3 different pruning methods of sweet cherry Jimei leaf chlorophyll content and Net photosynthetic Rate relationship
The relationship between the leaf chlorophyll content and the net photosynthetic rate of the sweet cherry gemma in examples 1-3 with different pruning modes is shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from FIG. 5, through correlation analysis, a positive correlation exists between the leaf chlorophyll content and the net photosynthetic rate of the sweet cherry Jimei leaves in the three shaping and trimming modes, the correlation coefficient reaches 0.2229, and the net photosynthetic rate value of the sweet cherry Jimei leaves is increased along with the increase of the chlorophyll content of the leaves.
2.7 sweet cherry Jimei of different shaping and pruning modes in embodiments 1-3 is 667m2Area of leaf and per 667m2Yield relationship
Sweet cherry guitar with different shaping and trimming modes in examples 1-3Every 667m of America2Area of leaf and per 667m2The yield relationship is shown in FIG. 6. As can be seen from FIG. 6, each 667m of sweet cherry Jimei is obtained by three plastic pruning methods2Between yields and per 667m2Significant differences exist among leaf areas, and correlation analysis shows that the sweet cherry Jimei with three shaping and pruning modes is 667m per side2Area of leaf and per 667m2A remarkable positive correlation exists between yields, and the correlation coefficient reaches 0.965.
The sweet cherry trees are different in shape, so that the growth potential of the trees is different, and the yield of fruit trees is finally influenced by controlling the growth and development process of the trees. The super-slender spindle shape is suitable for field planting, has the characteristics of convenience for mechanized operation, early shaping, early fruiting, good high yield, high fruit yield, convenience for picking and the like in the aspect of tree body management, but the shaping and trimming mode takes time and labor in the later trimming management process and has higher cost, the tree body height of the tree shape is obviously higher than that of other two tree shapes, and each 667m of the tree shape is2The number of plants is less, and each 667m2The yield was lower compared to close-packed trees. The morphological indexes of three shaping pruning modes of the ultra-long spindle shape, the UFO tree shape and the V shape are comprehensively compared, so that the tree height, the stem thickness and the east-west crown diameter of the ultra-long spindle shape are the largest, the UFO tree shape is the second highest, and the V shape is the smallest. The comparison result is related to different planting densities of three shaping and trimming modes, and the different planting densities combined with different shaping and trimming modes determine each 667m of cherries2And (5) planting number. Under the same field management, each 667m2The more the planting number is, the weaker the tree vigor of the plant is, the tree height of the tree body is, and the stem diameter is smaller. The south-north crown diameter of the UFO tree form is obviously larger than the ultra-long spindle shape and the V shape, and the result can be related to the unique tree body structure, branch pulling angle and shaping and trimming mode of the UFO tree form. The comparison results of the weight of each single sweet cherry, the hardness of the sweet cherry and the content of soluble solid matters in the sweet cherry by three shaping and pruning modes are all ultra-fine long spindle-shaped>UFO tree shape>And (6) V-shaped. According to the principle of commercial production, the weight of each fruit is increased>8g, soluble solid content>15 percent of the fruit products is the standard of high-quality fruits, and the sweet cherry Jimei fruit products with three shaping and trimming modes can be knownThe quality reaches the level of high-quality commercial fruits. The comparison results of the chlorophyll a content, the chlorophyll b content and the total chlorophyll content of the sweet cherry gemini in the three shaping and trimming modes are respectively in the shape of an ultra-fine spindle>UFO tree shape>And (6) V-shaped. Through comparative analysis of the Jimei photosynthetic characteristics of the sweet cherries of the three pruning modes, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO among the three pruning modes can be known2The photosynthetic characteristic indexes with concentration (Ci) of 4 are all obviously different, and the comparison results of the 4 indexes are all ultra-long spindle-shaped>UFO tree shape>And (6) V-shaped.
The difference between the leaf area per plant and the yield per plant among the sweet cherries in the three shaping and pruning modes is obvious, and the results are consistent and show that the sweet cherries are in the shape of ultra-fine long spindles>UFO tree shape>And (6) V-shaped. Each 667m of the three shaping and trimming modes2Leaf area and per 667m2The comparison result of the yields is consistent and is V-shaped>Ultra-slender spindle shape>UFO tree shape, and each 667m between three shaping and trimming modes2Leaf area and per 667m2The yield reaches significant difference. The area of each plant leaf and each 667m of the three pruning modes2Leaf area, and yield per plant and per 667m2The reasons for the inconsistency between the yields may be related to different pruning methods and different planting densities. Since the V shape is every 667m2The number of plants was 126, and each 667m of the ultra-long spindle-shaped and UFO tree-shaped trees2Since the number of plants was 74 and 83, respectively, the leaf area and yield per V-shape plant were lower than those of the other two trees2Leaf area and per 667m2The yield was higher than the other two trees. Light energy utilization is an important factor in leaf photosynthesis intensity and fruit quality. The photosynthesis of leaves is a material base formed by the yield and quality of fruit trees, and the photosynthesis process is a physiological process which is very sensitive to the change of environmental conditions. According to the correlation analysis of the chlorophyll content of the leaves and the net photosynthetic rate of the embodiments of the application, the positive correlation relationship exists between the chlorophyll content of the sweet cherry Jimei leaves and the net photosynthetic rate in the three shaping and pruning modes,the net photosynthetic rate value of the sweet cherry Jimei leaves increases with the chlorophyll content of the leaves. By for each 667m2Yield per 667m2The correlation analysis of the leaf area can show that each 667m of sweet cherry is Jimei in three shaping and pruning modes2Yield per 667m2There is a very significant positive correlation between leaf areas.
In conclusion, UFO is a labor-saving cultivation mode, branches do not need to be pulled in the shaping process, the branches grow vertically, the shaping cost is low, but each 667m2The yield is lower than that of the ultra-long spindle shape and the V shape. The ultra-slender spindle shape needs to draw branches in the shaping process, the tree body height is high, the single plant yield is high, compared with the UFO shaping cost, the shaping cost is high, and the method is suitable for field cultivation. The V-shape is also a labor-saving cultivation mode compared with the ultra-long spindle shape, and the yield per unit plant is low and is per 667m2The yield is high, the cultivation is suitable for facility cultivation, but the cost of shaping is higher than that of other two tree forms.
The cultivation method for improving the quality of the sweet cherry has the advantages that various morphological indexes of the ultra-long spindle shape, the chlorophyll content of leaves, the photosynthetic property, the leaf area of a single plant, the yield of the single plant and the fruit quality are highest, the tree shape of the UFO is inferior, and the V shape is lowest. But every 667m of the V-font2Leaf area and per 667m2The yield is obviously higher than that of ultra-long spindle-shaped and UFO tree-shaped products. Therefore, when planting in a plantation, the proper shaping mode should be comprehensively selected according to the economic conditions of growers, the geographical and climatic conditions of cherry gardens and other planting requirements. If the planting is carried out in the field, when the requirements on the yield of a single plant and the quality of fruits are higher, the selection of the ultra-long spindle shape is better, the tree shape is relatively high in requirements on shaping and trimming technology, the branch pulling management cost is higher, but each 667m of the tree shape is higher2The planted trees and plants are few, a supporting system is not required to be built, and the garden building cost is low; if the plant is planted in a greenhouse or a green house, the tree needs to be dwarfed and matured in advance, and the UFO can be selected when labor-saving cultivation management is facilitated, but the requirement on the technical level of managers is high, and each 667m of the UFO is2The number of planted seedlings is large, a support system is required, and the early investment is large; if planted in a field or greenhouseInspection of early fruiting, early high yield, every 667m2The yield reaches a high level quickly, labor-saving cultivation management is required to be facilitated, and a V-shaped cultivation mode can be selected under the condition that the management technology is easy to master, but the tree form is every 667m2The number of planted seedlings is the largest, a support system is required, and the early-stage garden building cost is relatively highest.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. The cultivation method for improving the quality of the sweet cherries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing sweet cherry Jimei;
planting sweet cherry Jimei in soil, and pruning and field managing the sweet cherry Jimei;
wherein, the pruning of the sweet cherry Jimei comprises one of super slender spindle-shaped pruning, UFO tree-shaped pruning and V-shaped pruning.
2. The cultivation method for improving the quality of the sweet cherries as claimed in claim 1, wherein if the sweet cherry Jimei is subjected to ultra-long spindle-shaped pruning, the planting density of the sweet cherry Jimei is 2m x 4.5 m;
if UFO tree pruning is carried out on the sweet cherry Jimei, the planting density of the sweet cherry Jimei is 2m multiplied by 4 m;
if the sweet cherry Jimei is subjected to V-shaped pruning, the planting density of the sweet cherry Jimei is 2 mx (0.8+4.5) m.
3. The cultivation method for improving the quality of the sweet cherries according to claim 1, wherein the sweet cherry Jimei rootstock is a mahalanobis CDR-1, tree age 7 years old.
4. The cultivation method for improving the quality of the sweet cherries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH of the soil is 7-8.
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| US20140230107P1 (en) * | 2013-02-11 | 2014-08-14 | Gary Neil Zaiger | Cherry tree named 'royal lydia' |
| CN104798649A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-29 | 西北农林科技大学 | Super-slender spindle-shaped dwarfing compact planting cultivation method for cherries |
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