CN113311615A

CN113311615A - Display substrate, preparation method thereof and display module

Info

Publication number: CN113311615A
Application number: CN202110712915.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 侯婷琇; 陈秀云; 孙凌宇; 梁菲; 赵超越; 杜景军; 钟鹏; 赵健; 孙亚新
Original assignee: BOE Technology Group Co Ltd; Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: BOE Technology Group Co Ltd; Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-25
Filing date: 2021-06-25
Publication date: 2021-08-27

Abstract

The application provides a display substrate and preparation method, display module assembly thereof, and this display substrate includes: the light modulation device comprises a first substrate and a light modulation layer, wherein the first substrate comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array; the light modulation layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate and comprises a plurality of optical units which are arranged in an array mode, and orthographic projections of the optical units on the first substrate are at least partially overlapped with orthographic projections of the sub-pixels on the first substrate; the optical unit comprises microstructures which are periodically arranged, the microstructures are used for enabling ambient light rays which are emitted to the microstructures to be diffracted, and emergent light rays which are formed after diffraction are emitted out along a first preset included angle range which takes the normal direction of a plane where the first substrate is located as the center, so that the utilization rate of the ambient light which is reflected out through the light modulation layer is improved, and the contrast and the visual angle of the whole display substrate are increased.

Description

Display substrate, preparation method thereof and display module

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a display substrate, a preparation method of the display substrate and a display module.

Background

The conventional Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is of a transmission type, and can directly measure the brightness to display brightness and darkness. The Reflective Liquid Crystal Display (RLCD) displays the ambient light through the light modulation layer without a backlight module, and uses the reflectivity to measure the brightness of the image display.

However, due to the limitation of the optical path principle of the reflective liquid crystal display, the utilization rate of the ambient light reflected by the light modulation layer is low, thereby affecting the contrast and the viewing angle of the whole display.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a display substrate, a preparation method thereof and a display module aiming at the defects of the existing mode so as to solve the problem that the utilization rate of ambient light reflected by a light modulation layer of the existing reflection type liquid crystal display is low.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a display substrate, including: the display device comprises a first substrate and a light modulation layer, wherein the first substrate comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array; the light modulation layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate and comprises a plurality of optical units which are arranged in an array mode, and orthographic projections of the optical units on the first substrate are at least partially overlapped with orthographic projections of the sub-pixels on the first substrate; the optical unit comprises microstructures which are periodically arranged, the microstructures are used for enabling ambient light rays which are emitted to the microstructures to be diffracted, and emergent light rays formed after diffraction are emitted along a first preset included angle range which takes the normal direction of a plane where the first substrate is located as the center.

Optionally, the optical unit further includes a substrate, the microstructures are periodically arranged on the substrate, the microstructures include at least one inclined plane, and the inclined plane and a plane where the substrate is located form a second preset included angle.

Optionally, the arrangement of the microstructures satisfies the following relation: 2dsin α ═ λ; wherein d is the arrangement period of the microstructures; alpha is a second preset included angle between the inclined plane and the plane where the first substrate is located, and lambda is the wavelength of ambient light entering the microstructure.

Optionally, the second preset included angle α is 20 to 45 degrees.

Optionally, the microstructures comprise a plurality of first microstructures; the first microstructure comprises an inclined plane; the plurality of first microstructures extend along a second direction and are periodically arranged along the first direction, the first direction is parallel to the column arrangement direction of the sub-pixels, and the second direction is parallel to the row arrangement direction of the sub-pixels.

Optionally, the microstructures comprise a plurality of second microstructures; the second microstructure comprises an inclined plane; the plurality of second microstructures are arranged on the second substrate in an array mode, and the inclination directions of the inclination planes of the second microstructures adjacent to each other along the second direction are opposite; the first direction is parallel to the column arrangement direction of the sub-pixels, and the second direction is parallel to the row arrangement direction of the sub-pixels.

Optionally, the microstructures comprise a plurality of third microstructures; the third microstructure comprises two inclined planes, and the included angles between the two inclined planes and the plane where the substrate is located are equal; the plurality of third microstructures are arranged on the substrate in an array.

Optionally, the optical unit includes a substrate and a plurality of fourth microstructures arranged in an array on the substrate; the fourth microstructure is a boss structure and comprises four inclined planes, and the first preset included angles of the four inclined planes and the plane where the substrate is located are equal.

Optionally, the display substrate has at least one of the following technical features:

the orthographic projection of the optical unit on the first substrate is completely coincided with the sub-pixel;

the optical units are multiplexed into pixel electrodes.

Optionally, the material of the optical unit comprises silver.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a display module, including: a counter substrate and the display substrate of the first aspect disposed oppositely; the opposite substrate comprises a second substrate and a plurality of color resistance units positioned on one side of the second substrate close to the display substrate; the orthographic projection of the optical unit on the second substrate is at least partially overlapped with the orthographic projection of the color resistance unit on the second substrate.

Optionally, the color resistance units include at least two different colors, and the arrangement periods of the microstructures of the optical units corresponding to the color resistance units of the different colors are different.

Optionally, the display module further includes: the polaroid is positioned on one side of the second substrate, which is deviated from the color resistance unit;

the polarizer comprises a quarter wave plate, a half wave plate and a composite linear polarizing film which are arranged in a laminated mode.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a display substrate, including:

providing a first substrate; the first substrate comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array;

preparing a light modulation layer on one side of the first substrate; the light modulation layer comprises a plurality of optical units arranged in an array, and orthographic projections of the optical units on the first substrate at least partially overlap with orthographic projections of the sub-pixels on the first substrate; the optical unit comprises microstructures which are periodically arranged, the microstructures are used for enabling ambient light rays which are emitted to the microstructures to be diffracted, and emergent light rays formed after diffraction are emitted along a first preset included angle range which takes the normal direction of a plane where the first substrate is located as the center.

Optionally, the preparing a light modulation layer on one side of the first substrate includes:

coating an optical film layer on one side of the first substrate;

and imprinting the optical film layer at a preset position by using a pre-prepared imprinting mold so that the optical film layer at a corresponding position forms the optical unit.

The beneficial technical effects brought by the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application at least comprise:

the display substrate that this application embodiment provided, through set up the optical unit corresponding with the subpixel in one side of first base plate, this optical unit is including the microstructure of periodic arrangement, the microstructure that utilizes periodic arrangement makes the ambient light of directive microstructure take place the diffraction, transfer specular reflection light energy to the first order diffraction direction, make the emergent ray that forms after the diffraction jet out along the first preset contained angle scope that uses the normal direction on first base plate place plane as the center, thereby promoted the utilization ratio of the ambient light that reflects away through the light modulation layer, the contrast and the visual angle of whole display substrate have been increased.

Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application.

Drawings

The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical unit of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating an arrangement of sub-pixels of a first substrate of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 4 is an optical schematic diagram of a reflectivity testing apparatus for a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical unit of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical unit of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in another embodiment;

fig. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the microstructure a in fig. 6 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical unit of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in yet another embodiment;

fig. 9 is an enlarged schematic view of the microstructure B in fig. 8 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical unit of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of the microstructure C in fig. 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a top view of FIG. 10 provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 13 is a front view of FIG. 10 as provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 15 is a schematic optical path diagram of a single color resistance unit and an optical unit in a display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 16 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a specific process of step S200 in a method for manufacturing a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Wherein:

100-a display substrate; 110-a first substrate; 111-sub-pixels;

120-a light modulating layer; 121-an optical unit; 1211-microstructure; 1211 a-inclined plane; 1212-a substrate;

1213-first microstructure;

1214-a second microstructure;

1215 — a third microstructure;

1216-a fourth microstructure;

200-a counter substrate; 210-a second substrate; 220-a color resistance unit; 230-polarizer.

300-liquid crystal layer.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar parts or parts having the same or similar functions throughout. In addition, if a detailed description of the known art is not necessary for illustrating the features of the present application, it is omitted. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

It will be understood by those within the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes all or any element and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The following describes the technical solutions of the present application and how to solve the above technical problems with specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a display substrate 100, including: a first substrate 110 and a light modulation layer 120.

As shown in fig. 3, the first substrate 110 includes a base layer (not shown) and a pixel circuit layer (not shown) including a plurality of sub-pixels 111 arranged in an array. The column arrangement direction of the sub-pixels 111 is parallel to the first direction in fig. 3, and the row arrangement direction of the sub-pixels 111 is parallel to the second direction in fig. 3.

Specifically, the light modulation layer 120 is specifically located on one side of the pixel circuit layer, and the light modulation layer 120 includes a plurality of optical units 121 arranged in an array. An orthogonal projection of the optical unit 121 on the first substrate 110 at least partially overlaps an orthogonal projection of the sub-pixel 111 on the first substrate 110.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in order to increase the utilization rate of the ambient light, the optical unit 121 includes a microstructure 1211 arranged periodically, the microstructure 1211 is configured to diffract the ambient light (the ambient light with an incident angle θ is shown in fig. 2) that is emitted to the microstructure 1211, and the diffracted emitted light is emitted along a first predetermined included angle range centered on the normal direction of the plane where the first substrate 110 is located.

In this embodiment, the normal direction of the plane where the first substrate 110 is located is defined as an exit angle of 0 °, and the diffracted exit light rays are emitted along a first predetermined included angle range with the exit angle of 0 ° as the center. In addition, the first predetermined included angle may be set according to the specific structure of the microstructure 1211, for example: the emergent ray formed after diffraction fluctuates in the range of-10 degrees to +10 degrees with the 0 degree emergent angle as the center.

In the display substrate 100 provided by this embodiment, the optical unit 121 corresponding to the sub-pixel 111 is disposed on one side of the first substrate 110, the optical unit 121 includes the microstructures 1211 arranged periodically, the microstructures 1211 arranged periodically diffracts the ambient light that is emitted to the microstructures 1211, and the energy of the specular reflection light is transferred to the first-order diffraction direction, so that the emergent light formed after diffraction is emitted along the first predetermined included angle range with the normal direction of the plane where the first substrate 110 is located as the center, thereby improving the utilization rate of the ambient light reflected by the light modulation layer 120, and increasing the contrast and the viewing angle of the entire display module.

In some embodiments, with continued reference to fig. 2, the optical unit 121 of the present embodiment further includes a substrate 1212, and the microstructures 1211 are periodically arranged on the substrate 1212. The microstructure 1211 includes at least one inclined plane 1211a, the inclined plane 1211a forms a second predetermined angle α with a plane of the substrate 1212, and a length of the inclined plane 1211a along the inclined direction is a.

Alternatively, the microstructure 1211 and the substrate 1212 may be formed by an integrated molding process, for example: a nanoimprint process.

In this embodiment, when the ambient light emitted to the inclined plane 1211a is diffracted, the diffracted emergent light is emitted along a first predetermined angle range around the normal direction of the plane of the first substrate 110. In addition, the second preset included angle may be set according to actual display requirements, and is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

In some embodiments, and with continued reference to fig. 2, the arrangement of microstructures 1211 on substrate 1212 satisfies the following relationship: 2dsin α ═ λ. Wherein d is the arrangement period of the microstructures 1211; α is a second predetermined angle between the inclined plane 1211a and the plane of the first substrate 110, and λ is a wavelength of the ambient light incident on the microstructure 1211.

It should be noted that, when the microstructures 1211 is adjacently arranged along the first direction in fig. 2, the arrangement period of the microstructures 1211 is equal to the size of the orthographic projection of the microstructures on the substrate 1212 along the first direction. As shown in fig. 3, the first direction is parallel to the column arrangement direction of the sub-pixels 111, and the second direction is parallel to the row arrangement direction of the sub-pixels 111.

From the above relational expression, when the diffracted light is first order diffraction, the diffraction angle fluctuates in a range around 0 °. The microstructure 1211 is preferably arranged to ensure high reflectivity under a reflectivity test standard, an actual product utilizes ambient light, the incident angle changes in a certain range, the first-order diffraction angle changes along with the change of the incident angle, but the first-order diffraction angle fluctuates in a certain range with the 0-degree diffraction angle as the center, and the visual angle of the display module is increased.

Optionally, the second preset included angle α in the present embodiment is 20 ° to 45 °, inclusive of 20 ° and 45 °.

Optionally, because the light modulation layer 120 on the display substrate 100 reflects ambient light to implement light-emitting display, and the image quality display brightness is measured by using the reflectivity, according to the reflectivity measurement standard in the industry, as shown in fig. 4, the test light D60 is incident from the collimated light source at an included angle of 30 ° with the standard white board, the detector receives the reflected light at 0 ° (vertical to the display screen), and for the standard white board with diffuse reflection, the reflectivity calculation formula is formulated as follows: r ═ R test sample/R standard white board.

In order to preferentially ensure high reflectivity under the reflectivity test standard, in the present embodiment, the second predetermined included angle α of the inclined plane 1211a is also set to 30 °, so that the diffraction angle of the light ray formed after the light ray is perpendicularly emitted to the optical unit 121 and diffracted is 0 °, and according to the diffraction formula, the first-order diffraction angle is related to the incident wavelength, and the arrangement period d of the microstructure 1211 is λ.

In the practice of the embodiments of the present application, the first order diffraction light diffraction efficiency was simulated by Comsol at 90% (ideal optical surface simulation). Considering the limit of the processing technology, the estimated actual reflectivity can reach 80-90%. The Comsol fluctuation module simulates electromagnetic field distribution, light is an electromagnetic wave, and the mode is set as follows: the incident port is set with 30 degree incident light, the left and right boundary lines are set with periodic boundary conditions, the material of the optical unit 121 is set to be silver (Ag), and the first-order diffraction efficiency value extracted by adopting Comsol result post-processing is 90%.

In some specific embodiments, the requirements for the maximum direction of the reflectivity and the direction of the common viewing angle are different for different application directions of the display substrate 100, and the wearing watch product generally requires the highest reflectivity of the DP side and adopts one-dimensional arrangement.

As shown in fig. 5, microstructure 1211 includes a plurality of first microstructures 1213, schematically illustrated as first microstructures 1213. The first microstructure 1213 includes an inclined plane 1211a, and the inclined plane 1211a is inclined from the DP side toward the DO side.

Note that, when the display device is in a use state, the DP side in the embodiments of the present application is indicated as a side of the display substrate 100 close to the lower frame, and the DO side is indicated as a side of the display substrate 100 close to the upper frame.

Specifically, the plurality of first microstructures 1213 each extend along the second direction and are periodically arranged in parallel to the first direction. The first direction is parallel to the column arrangement direction of the sub-pixels 111, and the second direction is parallel to the row arrangement direction of the sub-pixels 111, i.e. the first direction is also parallel to the direction from the DP side to the DO side.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 5, when adjacent first microstructures 1213 are adjacently disposed along the first direction, the diffraction effect on the incident ambient light can be enhanced.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 5, the dimension H of the optical unit 121 in parallel to the first direction is 35.5um, and the dimension V in parallel to the second direction is 106.5 um.

Alternatively, when adjacent first microstructures 1213 are adjacently disposed along the first direction, the arrangement period d of the microstructures 1211 in the embodiment is equal to the size of the orthographic projection of the first microstructures 1213 on the substrate 1212 along the first direction. D in this embodiment may be 0.5um to 0.8um, for example: d may be 0.65 um.

Alternatively, the included angle (the second preset included angle α) between the inclined plane 1211a and the plane of the substrate 1212 may be 20 ° to 45 °, for example: the second preset included angle α may be 30 °.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the microstructure 1211 includes a plurality of second microstructures 1214, and the second microstructures 1214 can be regarded as an inverted triangular prism having a cross section perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 1212 and parallel to the first direction approximating a right triangle.

The second microstructure 1214 includes an inclined plane 1211a (corresponding to a plane on which a hypotenuse of the approximate right triangle is located), and a second predetermined included angle α between the inclined plane 1211a and the substrate 1212 is 20 ° to 45 °, for example: may be 30.

Specifically, the plurality of second microstructures 1214 are arranged in an array on the second substrate 210. In addition, the inclined planes 1211a corresponding to the second microstructures 1214 adjacent in the direction parallel to the second direction have opposite inclined directions. The first direction is parallel to the column arrangement direction of the sub-pixels 111, and the second direction is parallel to the row arrangement direction of the sub-pixels 111.

Optionally, when the second microstructures 1214 adjacent to each other along the direction parallel to the first direction are adjacently disposed, the dimension of the second microstructures 1214 along the direction parallel to the first direction can be regarded as the arrangement period of the second microstructures 1214, so as to further improve the diffraction effect on the incident ambient light.

Specifically, the arrangement period in this embodiment is set to d may be 0.5um to 0.8um, for example: may be 0.65 um. The dimension Width of the second microstructure 1214 in a direction parallel to the second direction is d. The dimension H of the optical unit 121 in parallel to the first direction is 35.5um, and the dimension V in parallel to the second direction is 106.5 um.

Optionally, adjacent second microstructures 1214 are spaced apart in a direction parallel to the second direction, and the spacing distance Pitch _ V is 2 × d in the direction parallel to the second direction.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, microstructure 1211 includes a plurality of third microstructures 1215, and the third microstructures 1215 can be considered as an inverted triangular prism, and a cross-section of the triangular prism taken perpendicular to the plane of substrate 1212 and parallel to the first direction can be considered as an isosceles triangle.

Optionally, the third microstructure 1215 includes two inclined planes 1211a (corresponding to the planes of the two inclined sides of the isosceles triangle), and the two inclined planes 1211a respectively have the same angle with the plane of the substrate 1212.

Optionally, the two inclined planes 1211a respectively include angles of 20 ° to 45 ° with the plane where the substrate 1212 is located, for example: may be 30.

Optionally, the plurality of third microstructures 1215 are arranged in an array on the substrate 1212 and are adjacently disposed along the third microstructures 1215 that are parallel to the first direction, that is, the dimension of the third microstructures 1215 along the first direction can be regarded as the arrangement period of the third microstructures 1215, so as to further enhance the diffraction effect on the incident ambient light.

Specifically, when the third microstructures 1215 adjacent to each other in the direction parallel to the first direction are arranged adjacently, the length d of the base side of the isosceles triangle corresponds to the arrangement period of the microstructures 1211 in the direction parallel to the first direction. Next, the arrangement period of the microstructures 1211 along the direction parallel to the first direction can also be represented by Pitch _ H in fig. 8.

Optionally, d in this embodiment may be 1.1um to 1.5um, for example: d may be 1.3 um. The third microstructure 1215 has a dimension, Width, d parallel to the second direction. The dimension H of the optical unit 121 in parallel to the first direction is 35.5um, and the dimension V in parallel to the second direction is 106.5 um.

Third microstructures 1215 adjacent to each other in parallel with the second direction are spaced apart by a distance Pitch _ V ═ 2 × d in parallel with the second direction. The first direction is parallel to the column arrangement direction of the sub-pixels 111, and the second direction is parallel to the row arrangement direction of the sub-pixels 111.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 10-13, the microstructure 1211 includes a plurality of fourth microstructures 1216, the fourth microstructures 1216 are mesa structures, and the plurality of fourth microstructures 1216 are arranged in an array on the substrate 1212.

Specifically, the fourth microstructure 1216 includes four inclined planes 1211a (corresponding to a frustum structure), and the inclined planes 1211a correspond to side surfaces of the frustum structure. The four inclined planes 1211a have the same angle with the plane of the substrate 1212.

Optionally, the included angles between the four inclined planes 1211a and the plane of the substrate 1212 are respectively in the range of 20 ° to 45 °, for example: may be 30.

Alternatively, the bottom surface of the fourth microstructure 1216 may have a dimension parallel to the second direction that is equal to a dimension parallel to the first direction, i.e., both the bottom surface and the top surface of the fourth structure may be considered as squares. The first direction is parallel to the column arrangement direction of the sub-pixels 111, and the second direction is parallel to the row arrangement direction of the sub-pixels 111.

Alternatively, the arrangement period of the fourth micro-structures 1216 in the direction parallel to the first direction is Pitch _ H in fig. 10, and the arrangement period of the fourth micro-structures 1216 in the direction parallel to the second direction is Pitch _ V in fig. 10. The dimension of the fourth microstructure 1216 in the direction parallel to the first direction is L, and the dimension of the fourth microstructure 1216 in the direction parallel to the second direction is Width, which is L.

Optionally, a dimension L of fourth microstructure 1216 in a direction parallel to the first direction is 1.1um to 1.5um, for example: l may be 1.3 um. The dimension Width of the fourth microstructure 1216 in a direction parallel to the second direction is 1.3 um. The dimension H of the optical unit 121 in parallel to the first direction is 35.5um, and the dimension V in parallel to the second direction is 106.5 um. The Pitch _ V of the adjacent fourth micro-structures 1216 in the direction parallel to the second direction is 1.25d, and the Pitch _ H in the direction parallel to the second direction is 1.25 d.

Optionally, adjacent fourth microstructures 1216 on the substrate 1212, which are adjacent to each other along a direction parallel to the first direction, are disposed, and at this time, an arrangement period of the fourth microstructures 1216 along the direction parallel to the first direction is equal to a size of an orthographic projection of the fourth microstructures 1216 on the substrate 1212 along the direction parallel to the first direction.

Optionally, adjacent fourth microstructures 1216 on the substrate 1212, which are adjacent to each other along a direction parallel to the second direction, are disposed, and at this time, the arrangement period of the fourth microstructures 1216 along the direction parallel to the second direction is equal to the size of the orthographic projection of the fourth microstructures 1216 on the substrate 1212 along the direction parallel to the second direction.

Optionally, the orthographic projection of the optical unit 121 on the first substrate 110 completely coincides with the sub-pixel 111, and on the basis that the pixel light emission is not affected, the area of the orthographic projection area of the optical unit 121 on the first substrate 110 is increased as much as possible, which is beneficial to improving the light extraction efficiency.

Optionally, the optical unit 121 may also serve as a pixel electrode while reflecting ambient light, thereby saving process time and manufacturing cost.

Alternatively, the material of the optical unit 121 includes a metal material having high reflectivity, such as silver or aluminum.

Based on the same inventive concept, as shown in fig. 14, an embodiment of the present application further provides a display module, where the display module is a reflective display module, and includes: the liquid crystal display panel comprises a counter substrate 200 and a display substrate 100 which are oppositely arranged, wherein a liquid crystal layer 300 is arranged between the counter substrate 200 and the display substrate 100 in a sealing mode. The specific structure of the display substrate 100 can refer to the content in the foregoing embodiments, and the description in this embodiment is not repeated.

Specifically, the opposite substrate 200 includes a second substrate 210 and a plurality of color resistance units 220 located on a side of the second substrate 210 close to the display substrate 100, and the plurality of color resistance units 220 are arranged in an array on the side of the second substrate 210. The orthographic projection of the optical unit 121 on the second substrate 210 is at least partially overlapped with the orthographic projection of the color resistance unit 220 on the second substrate 210, so as to ensure that the ambient light entering through the color resistance unit 220 is emitted to the corresponding optical unit 121 as far as possible. Taking one sub-pixel 111 in fig. 15 as an example to illustrate the diffraction optical path, the ambient light entering through the color resistance unit 220 is emitted to the microstructure 1211 on the optical unit 121, so as to form first-order diffracted light and emit the first-order diffracted light along the first predetermined angle range centered on the normal direction of the display substrate 100.

The display module provided in this embodiment includes the display substrate 100 in the foregoing embodiment, the optical unit 121 corresponding to the sub-pixel 111 is disposed on one side of the first substrate 110 of the display substrate 100, the optical unit 121 includes the microstructures 1211 arranged periodically, the microstructures 1211 arranged periodically diffracts the ambient light emitted to the microstructures 1211, and transfers the energy of the specular reflection light to the first-order diffraction direction, so that the emergent light formed after diffraction is emitted along the first predetermined included angle range centered on the normal direction of the plane where the first substrate 110 is located, thereby improving the utilization rate of the ambient light reflected by the light modulation layer 120, and increasing the contrast and the viewing angle of the entire display module.

Optionally, with reference to fig. 14, the color resistance units 220 of the display module provided in this embodiment include at least two different colors, for example: three different colors. In the present embodiment, the three different colors are three primary colors of red, green and blue (RGB), respectively, and the combination of the colors of the adjacent three color resistance units 220 forms one RGB pixel unit.

Further, according to the periodic arrangement relation of the microstructures 1211 on the substrate 1212: as can be seen from 2dsin α ═ λ, it is assumed that the second predetermined included angle α is determined to be 30 ° and corresponds to d ═ λ, that is, the arrangement period of the microstructure 1211 is related to the wavelength of the ambient light incident on the microstructure 1211. Therefore, in order to further improve the light emitting efficiency of the display module, for the color resistance units 220 of different colors, the arrangement periods of the corresponding microstructures 1211 are set differently according to the wavelengths of the colors of the color resistance units 220, so that the arrangement periods of the microstructures 1211 of the optical unit 121 corresponding to different color resistance units 220 along the direction parallel to the first direction are different.

In some embodiments, with continued reference to fig. 14, the display module provided in this embodiment further includes a polarizer 230 in addition to the opposing substrate 200 and the display substrate 100.

Specifically, the polarizer 230 is located on a side of the second substrate 210 away from the color resistance unit 220, and is used for performing a secondary treatment on the light emitted from the opposite substrate 200 after being diffracted by the optical unit 121 to obtain light with a predetermined polarization direction.

Alternatively, the polarizer 230 includes a quarter wave plate, a half wave plate, and a compound line polarizing film, which are stacked. It should be noted that, because the light emitted from the front surface of the display module in this embodiment is increased, the polarizer 230 in this embodiment does not need to be provided with a scattering film, the structure is simpler, and the process cost is reduced.

Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application further provides a display device, which includes the display module described in the embodiment of the present application. The display device in this embodiment may be an electronic device such as a wearable watch, a liquid crystal display, or an intelligent detection instrument.

Based on the same inventive concept, as shown in fig. 16, an embodiment of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a display substrate, including the following steps:

s100, providing a first substrate; the first substrate comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array.

Optionally, a substrate is provided, and a pixel circuit layer is prepared on the substrate, where the pixel circuit layer includes a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array. The manufacturing process of the pixel circuit layer can be implemented by referring to the existing manufacturing process, and details are not repeated in this embodiment.

S200, preparing a light modulation layer on one side of a first substrate; the light modulation layer comprises a plurality of optical units which are arranged in an array mode, each optical unit comprises a microstructure which is arranged periodically, the microstructures are used for enabling ambient light rays which irradiate towards the microstructures to be diffracted, and emergent light rays formed after diffraction are emitted out along a first preset included angle range which takes the normal direction of a plane where the first substrate is located as the center.

The method for manufacturing the display substrate provided by the embodiment includes the steps that the light modulation layer is manufactured on one side of the first substrate, the light modulation layer comprises a plurality of optical units which are arranged in an array mode, each optical unit comprises a microstructure which is arranged periodically, the microstructures which are arranged periodically are utilized to enable ambient light rays which irradiate towards the microstructures to be diffracted, and specular reflection light energy is transferred to the first-order diffraction direction, so that emergent light rays formed after diffraction are emitted out along the first preset included angle range which takes the normal direction of the plane where the first substrate is located as the center, the utilization rate of the ambient light which is reflected out through the light modulation layer is improved, and the contrast and the visual angle of the whole display substrate are increased.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 17, step S200 in the foregoing embodiment specifically includes:

s201, coating an optical film layer on one side of the first substrate.

Alternatively, a material with high reflectivity may be coated on one side of the first substrate to form an optical film layer with a certain thickness.

S202, the optical film layer at the preset position is imprinted by using a pre-prepared imprinting mold, so that the optical unit is formed by the optical film layer at the corresponding position.

Optionally, since the final display substrate needs to be matched with the opposite substrate, when the optical unit is manufactured, the optical unit may be manufactured by using a nanoimprint process on the optical film layer according to the positions of the sub-pixels corresponding to the color resistance units of different colors.

In this embodiment, the imprint mold may be fabricated in advance according to the structure and size of the optical unit to be fabricated, the optical film layer is imprinted according to the distribution position of the sub-pixels in the first substrate, and if there are color-resisting units of three different colors, an imprint template is at least required to be employed for performing an imprint process three times, that is, the imprint template may simultaneously imprint the optical film layer at the corresponding position of the color-resisting unit of the same color, thereby saving process time and cost.

Further, the nanoimprint process specifically includes the steps of:

(1) an imprint template is pre-fabricated on a small-sized silicon-based or quartz substrate by an electron beam process.

(2) And (4) imprinting the imprinting glue by utilizing an imprinting template.

(3) And demolding after thermal curing or ultraviolet curing.

(4) The transfer printing glue is used for manufacturing a transfer printing film, so that large-area production is facilitated, and the loss of an expensive template is reduced.

(5) The large-area manufacturing can be realized by impressing and splicing the optical film layer for many times through the replica mold.

In summary, the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects:

1. the optical unit corresponding to the sub-pixels is arranged on one side of the first substrate and comprises periodically arranged microstructures, the microstructures are periodically arranged to enable ambient light rays emitted to the microstructures to be diffracted, specular reflection light energy is transferred to the first-order diffraction direction, emergent light rays formed after diffraction are emitted out along the first preset included angle range which takes the normal direction of the plane where the first substrate is located as the center, the utilization rate of the ambient light reflected out through the light modulation layer is improved, and the contrast and the visual angle of the whole display substrate are increased.

2. In order to further improve the luminous efficiency of the display module, aiming at the color resistance units with different colors, the arrangement periods of the corresponding microstructures are set in a differentiation mode according to the wavelength of the color resistance units, so that the arrangement periods of the microstructures of the optical units corresponding to the different color resistance units are different.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In the description herein, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present application, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A display substrate, comprising:

the display device comprises a first substrate and a second substrate, wherein the first substrate comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array;

the light modulation layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate and comprises a plurality of optical units which are arranged in an array mode, and orthographic projections of the optical units on the first substrate are at least partially overlapped with orthographic projections of the sub-pixels on the first substrate;

the optical unit comprises microstructures which are periodically arranged, the microstructures are used for enabling ambient light rays which are emitted to the microstructures to be diffracted, and emergent light rays formed after diffraction are emitted along a first preset included angle range which takes the normal direction of a plane where the first substrate is located as the center.

2. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the optical unit further comprises a base, the microstructures are periodically arranged on the base, the microstructures include at least one inclined plane, and the inclined plane and a plane of the base form a second preset included angle.

3. The display substrate of claim 2, wherein the microstructures are arranged to satisfy the following relationship: 2dsin α ═ λ;

wherein d is the arrangement period of the microstructures; alpha is a second preset included angle between the inclined plane and the plane where the first substrate is located, and lambda is the wavelength of ambient light entering the microstructure.

4. The display substrate of claim 3, wherein the second predetermined included angle α is 20 to 45 degrees.

5. The display substrate of claim 3 or 4, wherein the microstructures comprise a plurality of first microstructures; said first microstructure comprises one of said inclined planes;

the plurality of first microstructures extend along a second direction and are periodically arranged along the first direction, the first direction is parallel to the column arrangement direction of the sub-pixels, and the second direction is parallel to the row arrangement direction of the sub-pixels.

6. The display substrate of claim 3 or 4, wherein the microstructures comprise a plurality of second microstructures; said second microstructure comprises one of said inclined planes;

the plurality of second microstructures are arranged on the substrate in an array mode, and the inclination directions of the inclined planes of the second microstructures adjacent to each other along a second direction are opposite; the first direction is parallel to the column arrangement direction of the sub-pixels, and the second direction is parallel to the row arrangement direction of the sub-pixels.

7. The display substrate of claim 3 or 4, wherein the microstructures comprise a plurality of third microstructures; the third microstructure comprises two inclined planes, and the included angles between the two inclined planes and the plane where the substrate is located are equal;

the plurality of third microstructures are arranged on the substrate in an array.

8. The display substrate of claim 3 or 4, wherein the microstructures comprise a plurality of fourth microstructures; the fourth microstructure is a boss structure and comprises four inclined planes, and the second preset included angles of the four inclined planes and the plane of the substrate are equal;

the plurality of fourth microstructures are arranged on the substrate in an array.

9. The display substrate of claim 1, wherein at least one of the following features is provided:

the optical units are multiplexed into pixel electrodes.

10. The display substrate of claim 1, wherein the material of the optical unit comprises silver.

11. A display module, comprising: an oppositely arranged counter substrate and a display substrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10;

the opposite substrate comprises a second substrate and a plurality of color resistance units positioned on one side of the second substrate close to the display substrate;

the orthographic projection of the optical unit on the second substrate is at least partially overlapped with the orthographic projection of the color resistance unit on the second substrate.

12. The display module according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of color-resisting units comprise at least two different colors, and the arrangement periods of the microstructures of the optical units corresponding to the color-resisting units of the different colors are different.

13. The display module of claim 11, further comprising: the polaroid is positioned on one side of the second substrate, which is deviated from the color resistance unit;

14. A method for preparing a display substrate is characterized by comprising the following steps:

15. The method of manufacturing a display substrate according to claim 14, wherein the manufacturing a light modulation layer on one side of the first substrate includes:

coating an optical film layer on one side of the first substrate;