CN113310859A - Device for measuring settlement amount and resuspension amount of micro-plastic in shallow lake and application thereof - Google Patents
Device for measuring settlement amount and resuspension amount of micro-plastic in shallow lake and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113310859A CN113310859A CN202010819626.0A CN202010819626A CN113310859A CN 113310859 A CN113310859 A CN 113310859A CN 202010819626 A CN202010819626 A CN 202010819626A CN 113310859 A CN113310859 A CN 113310859A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
Abstract
The invention relates to lake micro-plastic measurement, in particular to a device for measuring the sedimentation amount and the resuspension amount of micro-plastic in a shallow lake and application thereof. The device comprises a bracket, a first frame, a second frame, a water body micro-plastic catcher and an atmosphere micro-plastic catcher; the support comprises a vertical rod, a first supporting piece and a second supporting piece, wherein the first supporting piece and the second supporting piece are arranged on the upper part of the vertical rod; the first support is positioned below the second support; the first frame is suspended from a first support; the water body micro-plastic catcher is a container with an open top and is fixed in the first frame; the second frame is fixed on the second support piece; the atmospheric micro-plastic trap is an open-top container that is secured within a second frame. The device has simple structure and convenient operation, and can simultaneously obtain the total sedimentation amount of the micro-plastic in the lake, the atmospheric sedimentation amount of the micro-plastic and the resuspension amount of the micro-plastic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to lake micro-plastic measurement, in particular to a device for measuring the sedimentation amount and the resuspension amount of micro-plastic in a shallow lake and application thereof.
Background
The micro plastic is plastic particles with the size less than 5mm in the environment, and the density of most micro plastics is 0.8-1.4kg/m3Within the range. Because of its many uses and wide sources, it is widely distributed in surface water environments such as lakes, reservoirs and rivers, and is a new pollutant which has attracted attention in recent years. In general, the denser micro-plastics will concentrate into the sediment under the influence of gravity after entering the water system. However, due to the relatively low mass of the sediment, the micro-plastics in the sediment are easily disturbed by the action of hydrodynamic force and return to the overlying water body, and secondary pollution is caused. Especially shallow lakes, bottom sediment is susceptible to wave action and resuspension. Thus, sedimentation-resuspension is the main migration process of micro-plastics in shallow lakes. At present, related researches on the migration process of the micro-plastics in shallow lakes are rare, and particularly, a device for accurately quantifying the sedimentation-resuspension process of the micro-plastics in lakes is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to quantify the sedimentation-resuspension process of the micro-plastic in the shallow lake, the invention provides a micro-plastic sedimentation-resuspension measuring device. The device has simple structure and convenient operation, and can simultaneously obtain the atmospheric sedimentation amount of the micro-plastics, the total sedimentation amount of the micro-plastics in the lake and the resuspension amount of the micro-plastics.
On one hand, the invention provides a device for measuring the sedimentation amount and the resuspension amount of micro-plastics in a shallow lake, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a bracket, a first frame 1, a second frame 2, a water body micro-plastic catcher 3 and an atmosphere micro-plastic catcher 4;
the support comprises a vertical rod 5 for inserting sediment, a first support 6 and a second support 7 which are arranged on the upper part of the vertical rod 5; the first support 6 is located below the second support 7;
the first frame 1 is suspended on the first support 6; the water body micro-plastic catcher 3 is an open-top container and is fixed in the first frame 1;
the second frame 2 is fixed to the second support 7; the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 is an open-top container, which is fixed in the second frame 2;
during measurement, the first frame 1 and the water body micro-plastic catcher 3 inside the first frame are completely immersed in water; the second frame 2 and the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher 4 inside the second frame are positioned above the water surface; the top openings of the water body micro-plastic trap 3 and the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 are kept horizontal.
The device for measuring the settlement amount and the resuspension amount of the micro-plastic in the shallow lake can simultaneously measure the total settlement amount and the resuspension amount of the micro-plastic in the shallow lake through simple and ingenious structural design. The total sedimentation amount of the micro-plastic in the lake comprises three parts, namely a micro-plastic resuspension amount, a micro-plastic aggregation sedimentation amount and a micro-plastic atmospheric sedimentation amount (shown in figure 1). The total sedimentation amount of the micro-plastic in the lake can be directly obtained by measuring the amount of the micro-plastic collected in the micro-plastic catcher in the water body, the atmospheric sedimentation amount of the micro-plastic can be directly obtained by measuring the amount of the micro-plastic collected in the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher, and the micro-plastic aggregation sedimentation amount can be calculated according to parameters such as the concentration and the flow rate of suspended particles in the lake, for example, the micro-plastic aggregation sedimentation amount (flux) can be calculated by referring to the method described in the document "Ellen Besseling, Joris T.K. Quik, Muzhi Sun, et al.title of nano-and micro in fresh water systems: A modeling study [ J ] environmental pollution.2017,220(01): 540-. Therefore, the micro-plastic resuspension amount can be obtained by subtracting the micro-plastic atmospheric sedimentation amount and the micro-plastic aggregation sedimentation amount from the total sedimentation amount of the micro-plastic in the lake.
In the device, the first frame is used for carrying, containing and/or fixing the water body micro-plastic catcher, so that the water body micro-plastic catcher is kept vertical, and the top opening of the water body micro-plastic catcher is kept horizontal. The device may include one or more first frames, and one or more water body micro-plastic traps may be fixed in the first frames. The first frame is a frame type container made of frame strips through welding or other suitable connection modes, the frame strips at the bottom of the container are arranged to support the water body micro-plastic catcher, the frame strips at the side surfaces of the container are arranged to enclose and block the water body micro-plastic catcher, the top of the container can be free of frame strips (open) or provided with frame strips, and the frame strips at the top preferably do not shield a top opening of the water body micro-plastic catcher. The size of the first frame can be determined according to the size of the micro-plastic traps in the water body and the number of micro-plastic traps in the water body required to be accommodated. After the water body micro-plastic catcher is arranged in the first frame, the water body micro-plastic catcher is fixed on the frame strips of the first frame through a proper fixing piece (such as a clamping ring or a binding band), so that the water body micro-plastic catcher is prevented from shaking or inclining. The first frame is suspended from the first support by suitable suspension members (e.g., stainless steel cables) and the depth to which the water body micro-plastic trap is submerged can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the suspension members (e.g., stainless steel cables).
In the device of the invention, the second frame is used for carrying, containing and/or fixing the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher, so that the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher is kept vertical, and the top opening of the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher is kept horizontal. The device may include one or more second frames within which one or more atmospheric micro-plastic traps may be secured. The second frame is a frame type container made of frame strips through welding or other suitable connection modes, the frame strips at the bottom of the second frame are arranged to support the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher, the frame strips at the side surfaces are arranged to enclose the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher, the top of the second frame can be free of frame strips (open) or provided with frame strips, and the frame strips at the top preferably do not shield a top opening of the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher. The size of the second frame can be determined according to the size of the atmospheric micro-plastic traps and the number of the atmospheric micro-plastic traps needing to be accommodated. The size of the second frame can be larger than that of the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher, and after the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher is installed in the second frame, the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher is fixed on the frame strips of the second frame through a suitable fixing piece (such as a clamping ring or a binding band) to prevent the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher from shaking or inclining; the size of the second frame can be matched with that of the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher, so that the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher can be kept upright all the time after being placed in the second frame even if a fixing piece is not used, and the top opening is kept horizontal. The second frame is fixed to the second support by fixing members such as bolts and nuts.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method of installation and use of the device is as follows: the first supporting piece and the second supporting piece are fixed on the upper portion of the vertical rod, then the bottom end of the vertical rod is inserted into bottom mud of the lake, the assembled support is stably erected in a water area to be detected of the lake, the first supporting piece is located above the water surface, on the water surface or below the water surface, and the second supporting piece is located above the water surface. The micro-plastic in the lake sediment can be disturbed in the fixing process of the bracket, so that the micro-plastic is resuspended to influence the test precision. In order to ensure the accuracy of measurement, the bracket is fixed for 24 hours, and then the water body micro-plastic catcher and the atmosphere micro-plastic catcher are installed on the bracket. The installation method of the water body micro-plastic catcher comprises the following steps: fixing the water body micro-plastic catcher in a first frame, and then hanging the first frame on a first supporting piece through a stainless steel rope; slowly submerging the first frame and the water body micro-plastic catcher in the first frame completely into the water and setting the first frame and the water body micro-plastic catcher at a preset water body depth to enable the top opening of the water body micro-plastic catcher to be kept horizontal. The installation method of the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher comprises the following steps: and fixing the atmospheric micro-plastic trap in a second frame, and then fixing the second frame on a second support, so that the top opening of the atmospheric micro-plastic trap is kept horizontal. And (4) collecting, wherein the micro-plastics in the water body naturally fall into the water body micro-plastic catcher, and the micro-plastics in the atmosphere naturally fall into the atmosphere micro-plastic catcher. And after the micro-plastic is collected for a period of time, the micro-plastic capturer of the water body and the micro-plastic capturer of the atmosphere are taken back in sequence or at one time according to the requirement, and the quantity of the micro-plastic collected in the micro-plastic capturer of the water body and the micro-plastic collected in the micro-plastic capturer of the atmosphere are respectively measured. The quantity of the micro-plastics collected in the water micro-plastic catcher is the total sedimentation quantity of the micro-plastics in the lake; the amount of the micro-plastic collected in the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher is the micro-plastic atmospheric sedimentation amount; the total sedimentation amount of the lake micro-plastic minus the atmospheric sedimentation amount of the micro-plastic and minus the aggregation sedimentation amount of the lake micro-plastic are the re-suspension amount of the lake micro-plastic.
In some embodiments of the invention, the first support 6 is a first cross bar fixed vertically on the vertical bar 5; the first frame 1 is suspended at both ends of the first cross bar. The first cross bar may be in the form of a sheet, a rod, a bar, or other suitable shape. The first cross rod and the vertical rod are connected in a welding or detachable mode (for example, the first cross rod and the vertical rod are connected through a right-angle fastener). The distance between the far end of the first cross rod (the end part far away from the vertical rod) and the vertical rod can ensure that the first frame and the water body micro-plastic catcher in the first frame are kept vertical after the first frame is hung on the first cross rod, and the top opening of the water body micro-plastic catcher is kept horizontal.
In some embodiments of the invention, said second support 7 is a second cross bar fixed vertically to said vertical bars 5. The second cross bar may be sheet, rod or other suitable shape. The second cross bar and the vertical bar are welded or detachably connected (for example, connected through a right-angle fastener).
In some embodiments of the present invention, trays are fixed to both ends of the second cross bar, and the bottom of the second frame 2 is fixed to the trays. The bottom of the second frame is secured to the tray by bolts and nuts or other suitable means. The tray is preferably made of stainless steel material. The size of the tray is larger than, equal to or smaller than that of the bottom of the second frame, so that the tray can stably support the second frame.
In some embodiments of the invention, the top opening of the water body micro-plastic trap 3 is covered with a sieve 8 with a pore size of 5-10 mm. The filter screen can effectively prevent large zooplankton in the water from entering the water micro-plastic catcher to influence the test precision, and micro-plastic in the water can not be influenced to freely enter the water micro-plastic catcher.
The atmospheric micro-plastic trap and the water body micro-plastic trap can be made of common glass, and can also be made of other suitable materials, such as stainless steel. The atmospheric micro-plastic catcher and the water body micro-plastic catcher can be cylinders with open tops, and can also be in other suitable shapes with open tops, such as cuboids and cubes. In some embodiments of the invention, the water body micro-plastic trap 3 and/or the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 is a cylindrical glass bottle.
In the device of the present invention, all components must be made of non-plastic materials. In some embodiments of the invention, the first frame 1, the second frame 2, the vertical bars 5, the first support 6, the second support 7 and/or the sieve 8 are made of stainless steel material.
In some embodiments of the invention, a weight 9 is suspended from the bottom of the first frame 1 to keep the water body micro-plastic trap 3 horizontal in the water with its top opening. The weight can further stabilize the first frame, so that the first frame and the water body micro-plastic catcher in the first frame are in a vertical state, and the top opening of the water body micro-plastic catcher is kept horizontal.
In some embodiments of the invention, the vertical bar 5 has a sharp bottom end. The sharp bottom is favorable for the vertical rod to be inserted into the sediment of the lake to be detected.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the first frame 1 and the second frame 2 are respectively provided with stainless steel hoops, and the water body micro-plastic trap 3 and the atmosphere micro-plastic trap 4 are respectively fixed in the first frame 1 and the second frame 2 through the stainless steel hoops. The diameter of the stainless steel hoop is slightly larger than that of the water body micro-plastic trap or the atmospheric micro-plastic trap. Sleeving a stainless steel hoop on the upper part, the middle part and/or the lower part of the water body micro-plastic trap or the atmosphere micro-plastic trap, sleeving side frame strips of the first frame 1 or the second frame 2, tightening the stainless steel hoop through bolts and nuts on the stainless steel hoop, and fixing the water body micro-plastic trap and the atmosphere micro-plastic trap in the first frame 1 and the second frame 2 respectively so as to keep the traps upright.
The application of any device in the measurement of the micro-plastic settlement amount and the re-suspension amount in the shallow lake also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a method for measuring the settling amount and the resuspension amount of the micro-plastic in the shallow lake, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: using any of the described devices, measurements were made as follows:
vertically and downwards inserting the vertical rods 5 of the bracket into the bottom mud of the lake;
fixing the water body micro-plastic catcher 3 in the first frame 1, hanging the first frame 1 on the first supporting piece 6 by using a stainless steel rope, slowly and completely sinking the first frame 1 and the water body micro-plastic catcher 3 in the first frame into water, and enabling the opening of the water body micro-plastic catcher 3 to be upward and horizontal; simultaneously fixing the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 in the second frame 2, and then fixing the second frame 2 on the second support 7, so that the opening of the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 faces upwards and is kept horizontal;
taking back the water body micro-plastic catcher 3 and the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher 4, and respectively measuring the amount of the micro-plastic collected in the two catchers; the amount of the micro-plastic in the water micro-plastic catcher 3 is the total sedimentation amount of the lake micro-plastic, and the total sedimentation amount is subtracted by the amount of the micro-plastic in the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher 4 and then the accumulated sedimentation amount of the lake micro-plastic, so that the re-suspension amount of the lake micro-plastic is obtained.
In conclusion, the device for measuring the sedimentation amount and the resuspension amount of the micro-plastic in the shallow lake has the advantages of simple structure, simplicity in manufacturing and low cost, can simultaneously measure the total sedimentation amount and the resuspension amount of the micro-plastic in the shallow lake, accurately quantizes the sedimentation-resuspension process of the micro-plastic in the lake, has important significance for understanding the migration rule of the micro-plastic in the lake, and is also the key for constructing a micro-plastic migration model.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
As used herein, the term "micro-plastic trap" refers to a container with an open top, which may be cylindrical, rectangular or square, made of glass or stainless steel. A "micro-plastic trap" is used to receive micro-plastic in an environment, such as in the atmosphere or in a body of water.
As used herein, the term "frame" refers to a frame-type container made of frame strips by welding or other suitable connection means, wherein the bottom frame strip is arranged to support a target object, and the side frame strip is arranged to surround the target object. The frame strips used for manufacturing the frame are made of materials with higher strength, such as stainless steel materials. The shape and the size of the frame are designed according to actual requirements.
As used herein, the term "vertical bar" refers to a rod-like member for longitudinal support. The term "cross-bar" refers to a bar-like or similarly shaped member disposed transversely relative to a vertical bar. Both "horizontal" and "vertical" refer to the orientation of the device in use. The vertical rods and the cross rods are made of materials with higher strength (such as stainless steel materials).
Drawings
The following is a schematic illustration of an apparatus in an exemplary embodiment of the invention for the purpose of explanation and illustration only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a migration process of micro-plastics in a shallow lake; the total sedimentation amount of the lake micro-plastic is equal to the re-suspension amount of the lake micro-plastic, the atmospheric sedimentation amount of the lake micro-plastic and the aggregation sedimentation amount of the lake micro-plastic.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring device for measuring the amount of micro-plastic sedimentation and the amount of resuspension in a shallow lake according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring device for measuring the amount of micro-plastic sedimentation and the amount of resuspension in a shallow lake according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a water body micro-plastic trap (showing a screen) in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a first frame, 2-a second frame, 3-a water body micro-plastic catcher, 4-an atmospheric micro-plastic catcher, 5-a vertical rod, 6-a first supporting piece, 7-a second supporting piece, 8-a filter screen and 9-a heavy object.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 2, the invention provides a device for measuring the amount of micro-plastic sedimentation and the amount of resuspension in a shallow lake, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a bracket, a first frame 1, a second frame 2, a water body micro-plastic catcher 3 and an atmosphere micro-plastic catcher 4; the support comprises a vertical rod 5 for inserting sediment, a first support 6 and a second support 7 which are arranged on the upper part of the vertical rod 5; the first support 6 is located below the second support 7; the first frame 1 is suspended on the first support 6; the water body micro-plastic catcher 3 is an open-top container and is fixed in the first frame 1; the second frame 2 is fixed to the second support 7; the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 is an open-top container, which is fixed in the second frame 2; during measurement, the first frame 1 and the water body micro-plastic catcher 3 inside the first frame are completely immersed in water; the second frame 2 and the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher 4 inside the second frame are positioned above the water surface; the top openings of the water body micro-plastic trap 3 and the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 are kept horizontal.
In some embodiments, the first support 6 is a first cross bar fixed vertically on the vertical bar 5; the first frame 1 is suspended at both ends of the first cross bar. In some embodiments, the first cross bar is perpendicular to the vertical bars 5 and is welded to the vertical bars 5. In other embodiments, the first cross bar is vertically fixed to the vertical bar 5 by a fixing member. In some embodiments, the fastener is a right angle fastener.
In other embodiments, the first support 6 is a hook or a loop. In other embodiments, the first support 6 is another member suitable for hanging objects, and is not limited to a shape.
In some embodiments, the second support 7 is a second cross bar fixed vertically to the vertical bar 5. In some embodiments, the second cross bar is perpendicular to the vertical bars 5 and is welded to the vertical bars 5. In other embodiments, the second cross bar is vertically fixed to the vertical bar 5 by a fixing member. In some embodiments, the fastener is a right angle fastener.
In some embodiments, the vertical rod 5 is fixed with an upper and a lower second cross rods; the frame strips on the upper part of the side surface of the second frame 2 are fixed on the second cross rod on the upper part, and the frame strips on the lower part on the same side are fixed on the second cross rod on the lower part, so that the second frame 2 is fixed. In some embodiments, the frame strips of the second frame 2 and the second cross bar are fixed by bolts and nuts.
In some embodiments, trays are fixed to both ends of the second cross bar, and the bottom of the second frame 2 is fixed to the trays. In some embodiments, the second frame 2 is fixed to the tray by bolts and nuts. In some embodiments, the tray is made of stainless steel. In some embodiments, the tray is welded to the second rail.
In some embodiments, the top opening of the water body micro-plastic trap 3 is covered with a screen 8 (as shown in fig. 4). In some embodiments, the mesh size of the screen 8 is 5-10 mm. In some embodiments, the mesh size of the screen 8 is 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10 mm.
In some embodiments, the water body micro-plastic trap 3 and/or the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 are made of glass. In other embodiments, the water body micro-plastic trap 3 and/or the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 are made of stainless steel.
In some embodiments, the water body micro-plastic trap 3 and/or the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 are open-topped cylinders. In other embodiments, the water body micro-plastic trap 3 and/or the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 are rectangular parallelepiped, cube or other suitable shapes with an open top.
In some embodiments, the water body micro-plastic trap 3 and/or the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 are cylindrical glass bottles with an open top.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the height to the diameter of the water body micro-plastic trap 3 and/or the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 is 5: 1.
In some embodiments, the first frame 1, the second frame 2, the vertical bars 5, the first support 6, the second support 7 and/or the screen 8 are made of a stainless steel material. In some embodiments, the first support 6 and the second support 7 are made of iron frames.
In some embodiments, the first frame 1 and/or the second frame 2 are stainless steel frames welded by stainless steel bars, and the stainless steel bars at the bottom are arranged to support the water micro-plastic trap 3 or the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4. In some embodiments, the stainless steel frame is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the bottom surface and the top surface are square, and the height of the rectangular parallelepiped is greater than the side length of the bottom surface and the top surface.
In some embodiments, the height of the water body micro-plastic trap 3 is greater than the height of the first frame 1. In some embodiments, the height of the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 is greater than the height of the second frame 2.
In some embodiments, a weight 9 is suspended from the bottom of the first frame 1 to keep the body of water micro-plastic trap 3 horizontal in the water with its top open. In some embodiments, the weight is about 2 kg.
In some embodiments, the vertical bar 5 has a sharp bottom end.
In some embodiments, the first frame 1 and the second frame 2 are respectively provided with stainless steel hoops, and the water body micro-plastic trap 3 and the atmosphere micro-plastic trap 4 are respectively fixed in the first frame 1 and the second frame 2 through the stainless steel hoops.
In other embodiments, the water body micro-plastic trap 3 and the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 are fixed within the first frame 1 and the second frame 2, respectively, by other fixing means (e.g., straps).
In some embodiments, the device of the present invention comprises two first frames 1, one second frame 2, a first support 6, a second support 7; two water body micro-plastic traps 3 are fixed in each first frame 1, and two atmospheric micro-plastic traps 4 are fixed in each second frame 2; the first support part 6 is a first cross bar, and the first frame 1 is hung at two ends of the first cross bar through stainless steel cables; the second frame 2 is fixed to the second support 7 by bolts and nuts.
In some embodiments, the device of the present invention comprises two first frames 1, two second frames 1, a first support 6 and a second support 7; two water body micro-plastic traps 3 are fixed in each first frame 1, and two atmospheric micro-plastic traps 4 are fixed in each second frame 2; the first support part 6 is a first cross bar, and the first frame 1 is hung at two ends of the first cross bar through stainless steel cables; the second supporting member 7 is a second cross bar, and the second frame 2 is fixed at both ends of the second cross bar by bolts and nuts.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the settling amount and the resuspension amount of the micro-plastic in the shallow lake, which uses any device to measure according to the following method:
vertically and downwards inserting the vertical rods 5 of the bracket into the bottom mud of the lake;
fixing the water body micro-plastic catcher 3 in the first frame 1, hanging the first frame 1 on the first supporting piece 6 by using a stainless steel rope, slowly and completely sinking the first frame 1 and the water body micro-plastic catcher 3 in the first frame into water, and enabling the opening of the water body micro-plastic catcher 3 to be upward and horizontal; simultaneously fixing the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 in the second frame 2, and then fixing the second frame 2 on the second support 7, so that the opening of the atmospheric micro-plastic trap 4 faces upwards and is kept horizontal;
taking back the water body micro-plastic catcher 3 and the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher 4, and respectively measuring the amount of the micro-plastic collected in the two catchers; the amount of the micro-plastic in the water micro-plastic catcher 3 is the total sedimentation amount of the lake micro-plastic, and the total sedimentation amount is subtracted by the amount of the micro-plastic in the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher 4 and then the accumulated sedimentation amount of the lake micro-plastic, so that the re-suspension amount of the lake micro-plastic is obtained.
In some embodiments of the invention, the apparatus of the invention is made and the amount of micro-plastic settling and resuspension in shallow lakes is measured as follows:
required material
8 cylindrical glass containers (meeting the design requirement of the catcher) with the diameter-height ratio of 1:5, 4 stainless steel frames, stainless steel rods (2-5 m, determined according to the depth of the lake), stainless steel ropes, iron frames and the like.
Manufacturing method
1. Manufacturing a support: the stainless steel rod is used as a vertical rod, and the bottom end of the vertical rod is preferably made into a sharp structure so as to be more easily inserted into the sediment of the lake to be detected. The iron frame is used as a supporting piece and is vertically fixed on the upper part of the vertical rod through a welding mode or through a fixing piece (such as a right-angle fastener). The iron frame positioned at the lower part is a first supporting piece, and the iron frame positioned at the upper part is a second supporting piece.
2. The cylindrical glass container is arranged in a stainless steel frame, a stainless steel hoop is sleeved on the upper part, the middle part and/or the lower part of the cylindrical glass container, meanwhile, side frame strips of the stainless steel frame are sleeved, and then the stainless steel hoop is tightened through bolts and nuts on the stainless steel hoop so as to stably fix the cylindrical glass container in the stainless steel frame. Two glass containers are arranged in each stainless steel frame, and the bottle openings of the glass containers are kept horizontal. Wherein, the two stainless steel frames are first frames, and the glass container in the first frames is used as a water body micro-plastic catcher. The other two stainless steel frames are second frames, and the glass container in the second frames is used as an atmospheric micro-plastic catcher.
Preferably, a stainless steel net with the aperture of about 1 cm is covered on the mouth of the water body micro-plastic catcher to prevent large zooplankton from entering the catcher to influence the test precision. Preferably, a weight of about 2kg is hung below the first frame, so that the first frame can be kept horizontal in water, and the micro-plastic catcher in the water body can be kept vertical. Firm stainless steel cables are tied to the top of the first frame, and the length of the stainless steel cables is adjusted according to experimental needs, so that the water body micro-plastic capture device can be arranged at different depths in water.
Experimental methods
1. Fixing a support: before the test, the bracket is fixed in the lake. The fixing method comprises the following steps: vertically and downwards inserting the bottom ends of the vertical rods into the bottom mud of the lake, wherein the insertion depth is based on the condition that the stability of the support can be ensured; after the sediment is inserted, the vertical rods are kept vertical, and the first supporting piece and the second supporting piece are kept horizontal; the second support is positioned above the water surface; the first support may be located in an easily operable position above, on or below the water surface, preferably above the water surface.
2. Installation: in the process of inserting the vertical rod into the sediment, the lake sediment is easy to be disturbed to generate micro-plastic resuspension, and in order to avoid influencing the test precision, after 24 hours, the first frame provided with the water micro-plastic catcher is hung at two ends of the first supporting piece through firm stainless steel ropes (or stainless steel ropes), and one end of the first frame is hung. Holding the stainless steel rope by hand, slowly sinking the first frame and the water body micro-plastic catcher in the first frame into water to enable the water body micro-plastic catcher to be completely immersed in the water, and setting the water body micro-plastic catcher at the water depth required by the experiment by adjusting the length of the stainless steel rope; and simultaneously fixing the second frame provided with the atmospheric micro-plastic trap on the second support piece through fixing pieces (bolts, nuts and the like).
3. Collecting: the micro-plastic in the atmosphere falls into the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher, and the micro-plastic in the water body falls into the water body micro-plastic catcher. The collection time of the micro-plastic is set as required.
4. Measurement: and taking back the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher and the water body micro-plastic catcher in sequence or at one time according to the requirement, sending the taken back to a laboratory, respectively detecting the abundance of the micro-plastic in the water body micro-plastic catcher and the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher to obtain the total settling amount of the water body micro-plastic and the settling amount of the atmospheric micro-plastic, calculating the aggregation settling amount of the lake micro-plastic, and subtracting the total settling amount of the atmospheric micro-plastic and the aggregation settling amount of the lake micro-plastic from the total settling amount of the water body micro-plastic to obtain the resuspension amount of the lake micro-plastic. Wherein, the abundance of the micro-plastic can be detected by the method described in Su L, Xue Y G, Li L Y, et al, micro-plastics in Taihu Lake, China [ J ] Environment polarization, 2016,216, 711-719. The amount of accumulated micro-plastics can be calculated by the method described in the literature "Ellen Besseling, Joris T.K.Quik, Muzhi Sun, et al.title of nano-and micro-plastics in fresh water systems: A modeling study [ J ]. environmental pollution.2017,220(01): 540-.
In the whole experiment process, the sediment at the bottom of the lake is prevented from being disturbed as much as possible, so that the micro plastic in the sediment is re-suspended to influence the test precision.
The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", and the like, as used herein to describe the orientation, are for convenience of description and are based on the orientation as shown in the drawing figures, which may vary from one device to another in actual devices.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. Obvious changes or modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a shallow lake micro plastic settlement volume and resuspension volume measuring device which characterized in that: comprises a bracket, a first frame (1), a second frame (2), a water body micro-plastic catcher (3) and an atmosphere micro-plastic catcher (4);
the support comprises a vertical rod (5) for inserting sediment, a first support piece (6) and a second support piece (7) which are arranged at the upper part of the vertical rod (5); the first support (6) is located below the second support (7);
the first frame (1) is suspended on the first support (6); the water body micro-plastic catcher (3) is an open-top container and is fixed in the first frame (1);
the second frame (2) is fixed on the second support (7); the atmospheric micro-plastic trap (4) is an open-top container and is fixed in the second frame (2);
when in measurement, the first frame (1) and the water body micro-plastic catcher (3) inside the first frame are completely immersed in water; the second frame (2) and the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher (4) inside the second frame are positioned above the water surface; the top openings of the water body micro-plastic catcher (3) and the atmosphere micro-plastic catcher (4) are kept horizontal.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the first supporting piece (6) is a first cross bar which is vertically fixed on the vertical bar (5), and the first frame (1) is hung at two ends of the first cross bar; and/or the second supporting part (7) is a second cross bar which is vertically fixed on the vertical bar (5).
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: trays are fixedly arranged at two ends of the second cross rod, and the bottom of the second frame (2) is fixed on the trays.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the top opening of the water body micro-plastic catcher (3) is covered with a filter screen (8) with the aperture of 5-10 mm.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the water body micro-plastic trap (3) and/or the atmosphere micro-plastic trap (4) are cylindrical glass bottles.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the first frame (1), the second frame (2), the vertical bars (5), the first support (6), the second support (7) and/or the sieve (8) are made of stainless steel material.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a weight (9) is hung at the bottom of the first frame (1) to ensure that the water body micro-plastic catcher (3) keeps the top opening level in water; the vertical rod (5) is provided with a sharp bottom end.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: stainless steel hooping are respectively arranged on the first frame (1) and the second frame (2), and the water body micro-plastic catcher (3) and the atmosphere micro-plastic catcher (4) are respectively fixed in the first frame (1) and the second frame (2) through the stainless steel hooping.
9. Use of the device according to any one of claims 1-8 for measuring the amount of micro-plastic settled and re-suspended in shallow lakes.
10. A method for measuring the settling amount and the resuspension amount of micro-plastics in a shallow lake is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the use of the device according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the measurement is carried out as follows:
vertically and downwards inserting the vertical rods (5) of the bracket into the bottom mud of the lake;
fixing the water body micro-plastic catcher (3) in the first frame (1), hanging the first frame (1) on the first supporting piece (6) by using a stainless steel rope, slowly and completely submerging the first frame (1) and the water body micro-plastic catcher (3) inside the first frame into water, and enabling the opening of the water body micro-plastic catcher (3) to be upward and to be horizontal; simultaneously fixing the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher (4) in the second frame (2), and then fixing the second frame (2) on a second support (7) so that the opening of the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher (4) faces upwards and is kept horizontal;
the water body micro-plastic catcher (3) and the atmosphere micro-plastic catcher (4) are taken back, and the amount of the micro-plastic collected in the two catchers is respectively measured; the amount of the micro-plastic in the water micro-plastic catcher (3) is the total sedimentation amount of the lake micro-plastic, and the total sedimentation amount is subtracted by the amount of the micro-plastic in the atmospheric micro-plastic catcher (4) and then the accumulated sedimentation amount of the lake micro-plastic, so that the re-suspension amount of the lake micro-plastic is obtained.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115468882A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Indoor simulation device for measuring sedimentation rate of microbial plastic biofilm in water body |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115468882A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Indoor simulation device for measuring sedimentation rate of microbial plastic biofilm in water body |
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