CN113310563A - Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device and method for improving positioning accuracy - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device and method for improving positioning accuracy Download PDFInfo
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device and a method for improving positioning accuracy, wherein the method comprises the following steps: pre-storing row vectors S of odd elements by the semiconductor amplification modulator, and carrying out the following steps: the computer sends a starting signal to the semiconductor amplifying modulator, the semiconductor amplifying modulator is adjusted to repeatedly output a row vector S to modulate laser pulses to be injected into the optical fiber amplifier, the optical fiber circulator and the sensing optical fiber, and backscattered Rayleigh light returned from the sensing optical fiber enters the detector module and is transmitted into a memory of the computer in a pipeline mode. Step three: demodulating vibration information of each point, judging that the peak value falls into a certain n corresponding position of S according to the symmetry of the vibration peak value and the vibration of the optical fiber sensor, hardly generating backward stimulated Brillouin scattering, almost keeping constant the initial phase difference of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensor, transmitting optical pulses larger than 1ns in the optical fiber, considering as a quasi-continuous system, and not considering polarization, so that the demodulation of the vibration information becomes feasible.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device and a method for improving positioning accuracy.
Background
The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology has the advantages of being large in dynamic range, wide in response frequency band, good in concealment and the like, and superior to the traditional vibration sensor, can be used in the fields of important area security alarm and the like of dam, bridge, pipeline leakage alarm, ground and mine monitoring and the like, and is wide in application prospect.
The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device is a sensor for measuring the distribution of a spatial vibration field in real time, and utilizes the phase sensitive effect of optical fibers, the vibration field of each point in the space modulates optical carriers transmitted in the optical fibers, and the information of the spatial vibration field is displayed after demodulation. And positioning the measured vibration point by using optical time domain reflection. The optical fiber transmission optical signal has strong anti-electromagnetic interference performance, is very safe, and has successful application in the fields of security protection, geological disaster monitoring and the like.
In a practical application scene, when a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device is generally designed, the injected light pulse width exceeds 100ns and covers a vibration field completely, but the defects are that the spatial resolution is poor and the vibration information is difficult to demodulate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device and a method for improving positioning accuracy, wherein the device is completed by a group of row vectors S of odd elements [ n, m, n,. m, n ], n corresponds to an optical pulse not more than 10ns, m corresponds to an idle state not more than 10ns, according to the optical fiber nonlinear theory, the optical pulse not more than 10ns is transmitted in an optical fiber, backward stimulated Brillouin scattering is hardly generated, the initial phase difference of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing is almost constant, the optical pulse more than 1ns is transmitted in the optical fiber, the system is regarded as a quasi-continuous system, polarization can not be considered, and therefore vibration information demodulation becomes feasible. The light pulse is divided into light pulses of not more than 10ns, and the vibration position precision can be controlled within 1 meter.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the specific scheme of the application is as follows:
the invention adopts Rayleigh back-scattered light to demodulate distributed optical fiber vibration sensing, and the specific scheme is as follows:
a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device comprises a semiconductor laser light source, a driving module, a semiconductor amplification modulator, an optical fiber amplifier, a micro-optical fiber circulator, a sensing optical fiber, a detector module and a computer; the computer is connected with the semiconductor amplification modulator through PCI-E, the semiconductor laser light source and the driving module are connected with the semiconductor amplification modulator through optical fibers, the semiconductor amplification modulator is connected with the optical fiber amplifier through the optical fibers, the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the input end of the optical fiber circulator through the optical fibers, the output end of the micro-optical fiber circulator is connected with the sensing optical fibers through the optical fibers, the return end of the micro-optical fiber circulator is connected with the PIN end of the detector module through the optical fibers, and the detector module is connected with the computer through PCI-E.
Further, the optical fiber amplifier and the input end of the optical fiber circulator are connected by the optical fiber of the red outer film.
Further, the output end of the micro-optical fiber circulator is connected with the sensing optical fiber through the optical fiber of the blue outer film.
Further, the return end of the micro-optical fiber circulator is connected with the PIN end of the detector module through the optical fiber of the white outer film.
Furthermore, the computer and the semiconductor amplification modulator are connected through an ST optical fiber interface, the computer and the detector module are connected through a PCI-E.X8 interface, and the synchronous electric signal of the semiconductor amplification modulator is connected with a PCI-E.X8 external synchronous port through an electric wire.
Furthermore, the semiconductor laser light source and the driving module are NKT fiber laser driving modules, the semiconductor amplification modulator is a modulator with a semiconductor optical amplifier SOA as a core device, the fiber amplifier is an EDFA fiber amplifier, and the micro-optical fiber circulator is a single-mode fiber 1X2 fiber circulator.
A method for improving positioning accuracy of a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the semiconductor amplification modulator prestores row vectors S of odd elements of [ n, m, n,. m, n ], wherein n corresponds to light pulses not greater than 10ns, and m corresponds to idle pulses not greater than 10 ns;
step two: when the computer executes a measurement program, a starting signal is sent to the semiconductor amplification modulator, the semiconductor amplification modulator is adjusted to repeatedly output a row vector S to modulate laser pulses to be injected into the optical fiber amplifier, the optical fiber circulator and the sensing optical fiber, backscattered Rayleigh light returned from the sensing optical fiber enters the detector module through the optical fiber circulator, and the detector module is connected with the computer; when the semiconductor amplification modulator outputs S, the semiconductor amplification modulator synchronously outputs electric pulses to start A/D (analog/digital) to synchronously acquire backscattered Rayleigh light information, stores the backscattered Rayleigh light information in an A/D buffer area of a computer, and transmits the backscattered Rayleigh light information into a memory of the computer in a pipeline mode.
Step three: when a computer executes a program to acquire backscattered Rayleigh light data, because light pulse is not more than 10ns, stimulated Brillouin hardly occurs and interference initial phase difference on a sensing optical fiber before stimulated Raman occurs is almost constant, vibration information of each point is demodulated, the symmetry of optical fiber sensing vibration is judged according to a vibration peak value, the peak value falls into a certain n corresponding position of S, and thus the vibration position is controlled within 10ns of light duration, which indicates that the positioning precision is less than 1 meter.
Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing principle:
when the light pulse is greater than 1ns, the light pulse can be regarded as a quasi-continuous vibration system, the polarization influence can not be considered, and the computer obtains the back scattering Rayleigh light intensity Ir：
Ir＝I0ζ△exp[-2αL](1+cos(f(t)+dθ))
Vibration distribution characteristics f (t), fiber length L, incident light intensity I0ζ is a scattering coefficient, Δ is an optical amplification gain, α is a loss coefficient, and d θ is an initial phase difference of interference;
adjusting the gain of the optical amplifier to make d theta almost constant, I, according to the sensing length L of the measuring optical fiberrThe Bessel function of f (t) can be expanded to obtain the vibration peak value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the modulator prestores row vectors of odd elements in the application, and the row vectors are easy to realize.
2. The backward stimulated Brillouin scattering is hardly generated, the initial phase difference of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing is almost constant, optical pulses larger than 1ns are transmitted in the optical fiber, the system is regarded as a quasi-continuous system, polarization can be not considered, and therefore vibration information demodulation becomes feasible.
3. The method is divided into light pulses of not more than 10ns, and the vibration position precision is controlled within 1 meter.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device.
In the drawings: the system comprises a 1-semiconductor laser light source and driving module, a 2-semiconductor amplification modulator, a 3-optical fiber amplifier, a 4-micro optical fiber circulator, a 5-sensing optical fiber, a 6-detector module, a 7-computer, an 8-PCI-E and a 9-PIN end.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device includes a semiconductor laser light source and driving module 1, a semiconductor amplification modulator 2, an optical fiber amplifier 3, a micro-optical fiber circulator 4, a sensing optical fiber 5, a detector module 6 and a computer 7; the computer 7 is connected with the semiconductor amplification modulator 2 through PCI-E8, the semiconductor laser light source and drive module 1 is connected with the semiconductor amplification modulator 2 through optical fibers, the semiconductor amplification modulator 2 is connected with the optical fiber amplifier 3 through optical fibers, the optical fiber amplifier 3 is connected with the input end of the optical fiber circulator through optical fibers, the output end of the micro-optical fiber circulator 4 is connected with the sensing optical fiber 5 through optical fibers, the return end of the micro-optical fiber circulator 4 is connected with the PIN end 9 of the detector module 6 through optical fibers, and the detector module 6 is connected with the computer 7 through PCI-E8.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device includes a semiconductor laser light source and driving module 1, a semiconductor amplification modulator 2, an optical fiber amplifier 3, a micro-optical fiber circulator 4, a sensing optical fiber 5, a detector module 6 and a computer 7; the computer 7 is connected with the semiconductor amplification modulator 2 through PCI-E8, the semiconductor laser light source and drive module 1 is connected with the semiconductor amplification modulator 2 through optical fibers, the semiconductor amplification modulator 2 is connected with the optical fiber amplifier 3 through optical fibers, the optical fiber amplifier 3 is connected with the input end of the optical fiber circulator through optical fibers, the output end of the micro-optical fiber circulator 4 is connected with the sensing optical fiber 5 through optical fibers, the return end of the micro-optical fiber circulator 4 is connected with the PIN end 9 of the detector module 6 through optical fibers, and the detector module 6 is connected with the computer 7 through PCI-E8.
The optical fiber amplifier 3 is connected with the input end of the optical fiber circulator by the optical fiber of the red outer film. The output end of the micro-optical fiber circulator 4 is connected with the sensing optical fiber 5 through the optical fiber of the blue outer membrane. The return end of the micro-optical fiber circulator 4 is connected with the PIN end 9 of the detector module 6 through the optical fiber of the white outer film. Three different colors are used to show differentiation.
The computer 7 and the semiconductor amplification modulator 2 are also connected through an ST optical fiber interface, the computer 7 and the detector module 6 are connected through a PCI-E.X8 interface, and the synchronous electric signal of the semiconductor amplification modulator 2 is connected with a PCI-E.X8 external synchronous port through an electric wire. The semiconductor laser light source and driving module 1 is an NKT optical fiber laser driving module, the semiconductor amplification modulator 2 is a modulator using a semiconductor optical amplifier SOA as a core device, the optical fiber amplifier 3 is an EDFA optical fiber amplifier 3, and the micro-optical fiber circulator 4 is a single-mode optical fiber 1X2 optical fiber circulator.
Example 3
A method for improving positioning accuracy of a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the semiconductor amplification modulator 2 prestores row vectors S of odd elements of [ n, m, n,. m, n ], wherein n corresponds to light pulses not greater than 10ns, and m corresponds to idle pulses not greater than 10 ns;
step two: when the computer 7 executes a measurement program, a starting signal is sent to the semiconductor amplification modulator 2, the semiconductor amplification modulator 2 is adjusted to repeatedly output a row vector S to modulate laser pulses to be injected into the optical fiber amplifier 3, the optical fiber circulator and the sensing optical fiber 5, backscattered Rayleigh light returning from the sensing optical fiber 5 enters the detector module 6 through the optical fiber circulator, and the detector module 6 is connected with the computer 7; when the semiconductor amplification modulator 2 outputs S, the synchronous output electric pulse is started to synchronously acquire the backscattering Rayleigh light information by A/D, the backscattering Rayleigh light information is stored in an A/D buffer area of the computer 7 and is transmitted into the memory of the computer 7 in a pipeline mode.
Step three: when the computer 7 executes a program to acquire backscattered Rayleigh light data, because the light pulse is not more than 10ns, stimulated Brillouin hardly occurs and the interference initial phase difference on the sensing optical fiber 5 before the stimulated Raman occurs is almost constant, the vibration information of each point is demodulated, the symmetry of the optical fiber sensing vibration judges that the peak value falls into a certain n corresponding position of S according to the vibration peak value, and thus the vibration position is controlled within 10ns of light duration, which indicates that the positioning accuracy is less than 1 meter.
Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing principle:
when the light pulse is more than 1ns, the light pulse can be regarded as a quasi-continuous vibration system, the polarization influence can not be considered, and the computer (7) obtains the back scattering Rayleigh light intensity Ir：
Ir＝I0ζ△exp[-2αL](1+cos(f(t)+dθ))
Vibration distribution characteristics f (t), fiber length L, incident light intensity I0ζ is a scattering coefficient, Δ is an optical amplification gain, α is a loss coefficient, and d θ is an initial phase difference of interference;
adjusting the gain of the optical amplifier to make d theta almost constant, I, according to the sensing length L of the measuring optical fiberrThe Bessel function of f (t) can be expanded to obtain the vibration peak value.
The modulator prestores row vectors of odd elements in the application, and the row vectors are easy to realize. The backward stimulated Brillouin scattering is hardly generated, the initial phase difference of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing is almost constant, optical pulses larger than 1ns are transmitted in the optical fiber, the system is regarded as a quasi-continuous system, polarization can be not considered, and therefore vibration information demodulation becomes feasible. The method is divided into light pulses of not more than 10ns, and the vibration position precision is controlled within 1 meter.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device is characterized in that: the micro-optical fiber laser comprises a semiconductor laser light source and driving module (1), a semiconductor amplification modulator (2), an optical fiber amplifier (3), a micro-optical fiber circulator (4), a sensing optical fiber (5), a detector module (6) and a computer (7); the micro-optics fiber ring device is characterized in that the computer (7) is connected with the semiconductor amplification modulator (2) through a PCI-E (8), the semiconductor laser light source and the driving module (1) are connected with the semiconductor amplification modulator (2) through optical fibers, the semiconductor amplification modulator (2) is connected with the optical fiber amplifier (3) through optical fibers, the optical fiber amplifier (3) is connected with the input end of the optical fiber ring device through the optical fibers, the output end of the micro-optics fiber ring device (4) is connected with the sensing optical fiber (5) through the optical fibers, the return end of the micro-optics fiber ring device (4) is connected with the PIN end (9) of the detector module (6) through the optical fibers, and the detector module (6) is connected with the computer (7) through the PCI-E (8).
2. A distributed optical fiber vibration sensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber amplifier (3) is connected with the input end of the optical fiber circulator by the optical fiber of the red outer film.
3. A distributed optical fiber vibration sensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the output end of the micro-optical fiber circulator (4) is connected with the sensing optical fiber (5) through the optical fiber of the blue outer membrane.
4. A distributed optical fiber vibration sensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the return end of the micro-optical fiber circulator (4) is connected with the PIN end (9) of the detector module (6) through the optical fiber of the white outer membrane.
5. A distributed optical fiber vibration sensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the computer (7) is connected with the semiconductor amplification modulator (2) through an ST optical fiber interface, the computer (7) is connected with the detector module (6) through a PCI-E.X8 interface, and a synchronous electric signal of the semiconductor amplification modulator (2) is connected with a PCI-E.X8 external synchronous port through an electric wire.
6. A distributed optical fiber vibration sensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the semiconductor laser light source and driving module (1) is an NKT optical fiber laser driving module, the semiconductor amplification modulator (2) is a modulator with a semiconductor optical amplifier SOA as a core device, the optical fiber amplifier (3) is an EDFA optical fiber amplifier (3), and the micro-optical fiber circulator (4) is a single-mode optical fiber 1X2 optical fiber circulator.
7. A method for improving positioning accuracy of a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the semiconductor amplification modulator (2) prestores row vectors S of odd elements of [ n, m, n,. m, n ], wherein n corresponds to light pulses not greater than 10ns, and m corresponds to idle pulses not greater than 10 ns;
step two: when the computer (7) executes a measurement program, a starting signal is sent to the semiconductor amplification modulator (2), the semiconductor amplification modulator (2) is adjusted to repeatedly output a row vector S to modulate laser pulses to be injected into the optical fiber amplifier (3), the optical fiber circulator and the sensing optical fiber (5), backscattered Rayleigh light returned from the sensing optical fiber (5) enters the detector module (6) through the optical fiber circulator, and the detector module (6) is connected with the computer (7); when the semiconductor amplification modulator (2) outputs S, the synchronous output electric pulse is started to synchronously acquire the back scattering Rayleigh light information by A/D, the back scattering Rayleigh light information is stored in an A/D buffer area of the computer (7), and the back scattering Rayleigh light information is transmitted into the memory of the computer (7) in a pipeline mode.
Step three: when the computer (7) executes a program to acquire backscattered Rayleigh light data, because the light pulse is not more than 10ns, stimulated Brillouin hardly occurs and the interference initial phase difference on the sensing optical fiber (5) before the stimulated Raman occurs is almost constant, the vibration information of each point is demodulated, the symmetry of the optical fiber sensing vibration judges that the peak value falls into a certain n corresponding position of S according to the vibration peak value, and thus the vibration position is controlled within 10ns of light duration, which indicates that the positioning precision is less than 1 meter.
8. The method for improving the positioning accuracy of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device according to claim 7, wherein:
when the light pulse is more than 1ns, the light pulse can be regarded as a quasi-continuous vibration system, the polarization influence can not be considered, and the computer (7) obtains the back scattering Rayleigh light intensity Ir：
Ir＝I0ζ△exp[-2αL](1+cos(f(t)+dθ))
Wherein the vibration distribution characteristic f (t), the fiber length L, and the incident light intensity I0ζ is a scattering coefficient, Δ is an optical amplification gain, α is a loss coefficient, and d θ is an initial phase difference of interference;
adjusting the gain of the optical amplifier to make d theta almost constant, I, according to the sensing length L of the measuring optical fiberrThe Bessel function of f (t) can be expanded to obtain the vibration peak value.
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