CN109323751A - A kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing method and device of pulse code - Google Patents
A kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing method and device of pulse code Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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Abstract
The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing method and device of a kind of pulse code disclosed by the invention, arbitrary order encoder matrix, its the elements in a main diagonal is all " 0 ", remaining element is all " 1 ", successively in every row injection distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device of the matrix, the device includes narrow linewidth laser and drive module, FPGA coding demodulator containing SOA (semiconductor optical amplifier), optical fiber circulator, sensor fibre, APD detector module, A/D module and industrial personal computer.Vibration principle is demodulated in conjunction with pulse code principle and fiber Rayleigh scattering phase change, the dynamic range of sensor-based system is improved in the case where not changing spatial resolution, increases measurement length and measurement accuracy.It is applicable to water, oil, gas pipeline leakage monitoring and large scale civil engineering security monitor in larger range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to distributed optical fiber vibration sensing devices, shake especially with a kind of distribution type fiber-optic of pulse code
Dynamic method for sensing and device, belong to technical field of optical fiber sensing.
Background technique
(phase optical time domain reflectometer) is to utilize distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system made of Rayleigh beacon
System.Extraneous effect of vibration causes in optical fiber that deformation occurs for fibre core when optical fiber, and fiber core refractive index is made to change with length,
Light phase in optical fiber is caused to change.Detectable signal will be used as in narrow linewidth light pulse injection fibre, in light pulse along light
When fibre is propagated, since photon and fibre core lattice are had an effect, Rayleigh scattering light is constantly transmitted backward.When the external world has vibration
When, the phase change of back rayleigh scattering light is converted to light intensity variation and (uses narrow linewidth light source, phase noise and frequency drift pole
It is small, the phase change of faint rayleigh back scattering light could be captured), it is examined by suitable photo-coupler and the photoelectricity of high-speed response
Survey device detects size and the arrival time of the rear orientation light of input terminal, and the vibration distribution for measuring optical fiber that can be quantitative is special
Property, length etc..
High dynamic range and high spatial resolutionIt has a very important role in the measurement of fibre system,
The vibration characteristics measurement accuracy and measurement length that optical fiber can be improved, provide for the vibration early warning accurate positioning in fibre system
Powerful guarantee.
Dynamic range is by the injection peak power of light pulse, pulse width, light transmission loss in a fiber, photoreceiver
Loss, digital processing signal-to-noise ratio influence；High spatial resolution by the pulse width of light pulse, the bandwidth of photoreceiver,
The influence of A/D sample rate.It can be seen that obtain big dynamic range simultaneously and high spatial resolution be it is impossible, the two is not
It can get both.
Modern signal processing (i.e. by way of pulse code), by injection light pulse signal modulation at coding
Light pulse signal conductDetectable signal when, its incident optical power is increased, and the increase of such optical power
Mode is not to be obtained using traditional increase pulse width, i.e., pulse width still remains unchanged.The increasing of incident optical power
Adding can makeDynamic range be improved, and pulse width remains unchanged i.e. spatial resolution and remains unchanged.
The coding mode used in engineering reality mainly has Simpson to encode (Simplex code), Gray code
(Golay code) and complementary relevant criterion orthogonal sequence encode (Complementary Correlated Prometheus
Orthonormal Sequence, CCPONS).Simpson's coding gain (length that N is coded sequence)By one group of single-stage
Property encoder matrix complete；Gray code gainIt is completed by four groups of single-stage encoder matrixs, is equivalent to and is compiled by one group of single-stage
Code matrix completes gainComplementary relevant criterion orthogonal sequence coding gainIt is completed by eight groups of single-stage encoder matrixs, phase
When in by one group of single-stage encoder matrix completion gainThe coding gain that patent of invention CN102706475B is mentioned also only hasSimpson's coding is implanted in ROTDR (Raman optical time domain reflectometer).Simpson's encoder matrix is by Hadamard matrix
Removal the first row and first row are converted, order N=2m- 1 (m is natural number), Gray code are orthogonal with complementary relevant criterion
Sequential coding matrix is converted by tree-shaped additional method, order N=2m(m is natural number).
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing method of pulse code and devices, by one group of list
Grade property encoder matrix (arbitrary order) completes limit gainTo improve the dynamic range of system, obtains higher vibration characteristics and survey
Accuracy of measurement and measurement length.
Concrete scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing method and device of pulse code, as shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: industrial personal computer 11 generates N (such as N=10) rank matrix S=(a when executing program initializationij), work as i=j
When, aij=0, as i ≠ j, aij=1, the invertible matrix S of S is calculated by matrix inversion technique-1=(bij), as i=j,As i ≠ j,Element " 1 " represents the laser of injection sensor fibre 10 (10ns has energy) in s-matrix
Pulse, element " 0 " represents the laser pulse of injection sensor fibre 10 (10ns) noenergy, by including SOA (semiconductor optical amplification
Device) FPGA code modulation module 12 modulate.Usual people touches optical fiber, and vibration wave propagates 5 meters or so along optical fiber or so, therefore compiles
Code matrix order should not be too big, and 10 ranks or so are feasible.
Step 2: it when industrial personal computer 11 executes program acquisition sensor fibre information, successively issues the every row of matrix S and is encoded to FPGA
In code modulation module 12, by coded modulation SOA, continuous narrow linewidth laser and drive module 13 are generated into light pulse as required
Coding injects sensor fibre 10 after 14 input terminal of optical fiber circulator, returns to backscattered light optical fiber circulator 14 on sensor fibre 10
Output end enters APD detector 15 to return terminal, and APD is followed by A/D module 16, and A/D module 16 is with PCIeX interface and industrial personal computer
11 are connected.Synchronous electric pulse, which is sent out, through FPGA code modulation module 12 opens 16 synchronous acquisition of 100Mhz16bitsA/D module back
Scattering Rayleigh optical information is stored in the buffer area A/D, can repeatedly trigger carry out digital averaging, triggers the periodC is light true
Air speed, n are sensor fibre refractive index, and L is sensor fibre length, 2 samplings of pre-estimation extraneous vibration frequency f.Here
100MHzA/D sample frequency is aligned with 10ns light pulse, when detector APD band is wider than 100MHz, can get sensor fibre
Spatial resolution 1m.
Step 3: when industrial personal computer 11 executes the back scattering Rayleigh optical information of program acquisition digital averaging, backscattering is calculated
Rayleigh optical information when utilize S-1Every on sensor fibre back scattering Rayleigh optical information is solved, and uses the correlation of coding,
Every back scattering Rayleigh optical information on digital averaging sensor fibre.
Step 4: adjacent back scattering Rayleigh optical information twice is taken to determine 10 route of sensor fibre by corresponding position differential
On whether have oscillation point, by near oscillation point consecutive points carry out related operation, determine oscillation intensity；By the vibration of maximum vibration intensity
Dynamic point carries out Fourier's variation, obtains vibration frequency.
Working principle of the invention is as follows:
Using the coding and decoding principle of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing of train pulse coding and decoding:
If injection simple venation washes P off1(t) and through when delay injection light pulse be P2(t), P3(t) ... ..., PN(t) (such as
First group, 0,1,1 ... ..., 1；Second group, 1,0,1 ... ..., 1), pass throughThe reason not comprising noise obtained after system
Think that signal curve is ψ1(t), ψ2(t) ... ..., ψN(t) (back scattering Rayleigh curve or back scattering anti-Stokes curve), and obtain
The actual measurement optical signal curve arrived is η1(t), η2(t) ... ..., ηN(t), (back scattering Rayleigh curve or the anti-stoke of back scattering
This curve).The system noise respectively contained in signal at this time is e1(t), e2(t) ... ..., eN(t), then there is following expression formula:
S indicates N rank matrix of the present invention, and recovery injection traditional single pulse P is realized using following formula1(t) it is obtained after
'sIdeal signal curve ψ1(t), whereinAlso illustrate that ψi(t) estimated value:
Utilize correlation formula:
ψi(t+ (i-1) τ)=ψ1(t) (i=1,2 ..., N) (3)
Have:
Wherein
It is rightIt carries out time-shifting inverse transformation and takes their average value, have below
Expression formula:
Assuming that being incoherent, the available traditional single pulse finally restored between noiseExperiment curv it is square
Error are as follows:
Traditional single pulseThe mean square error of the curve obtained after cumulative mean measurement n times is σ2/ N, and with N rank S square
Battle array coding is as detectable signalThe mean square error of experiment curv is formula (6), uses order for N's it is possible thereby to obtain
After s-matrix coding is used as detectable signal,System detection signal-to-noise ratio and traditional single pulseIt commonly adds up by n times
The signal-to-noise ratio obtained after average treatment improves, i.e. coding gain are as follows:
The present invention compares according to formula (7) and Simplex code, Golay code, CCPONS gain formula, every group of coding
There are N-1 " 1 ", it should be limit gain.And encoder matrix of the invention is easy to generate.
The principle of distributed fiber Rayleigh backscattered light monitoring vibration characteristic:
Laser pulse by three fiber port circulators 14 inject sensor fibre, the interaction of laser and optical fiber molecule,
The Rayleigh scattering light with incident photon same frequency is generated, Rayleigh scattering light is transmitted in a fiber in the presence of loss, with fiber lengths
And exponential decay, being indicated backwards to the light intensity for holding benefit to scatter light phase variation with following formula for optical fiber is returned through optical fiber circulator 14:
I in above formula0To be incident on the light intensity at optical fiber, L is sensor fibre length, and I is back rayleigh scattering light in optical fiber
Light intensity at length L: α0For the fiber transmission attenuation of incident light wave strong point, ξ is the fibre scattering factor, ωi, θiAlienable light
The angular frequency and initial phase in source, A, ψ extraneous vibration amplitude and angular frequency.Adjacent back scattering Rayleigh optical information twice is taken, is pressed
Corresponding position differential determines on 10 route of sensor fibre whether there is vibration amplitude variation by formula (8), is more than threshold if a threshold value
Value thinks there is vibration, by oscillation point L0=(L1+L2)/2, L1=L0- N, L2=L0Nearby consecutive points carry out related operation to+N:
Oscillation intensity is determined by formula (9)；The oscillation point of maximum vibration intensity is subjected to Fourier's variation, obtains vibration frequency
Rate；Artificial intelligence pattern, which is carried out, further according to parameter achieved above identifies acquisition vibration characteristics.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(a) with three kinds of traditional Simplex, Golay code, CCPONS, which is encoded, to be compared, and encoder matrix is easy to produce, rank
Number is unrestricted；And it is higher than these three coding gains, reach the coding gain limit.
(b) extraneous vibration wave is propagated along sensor fibre or so, puts vibration event nearby using coded light pulses most general
Rate capture, improves distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device sensitivity, and rate of false alarm is lower, and rate of failing to report is reduced.
(c) sensor fibre selects single mode optical fiber that can realize 50km distance sensing, and spatial resolution reaches 1m.It can be used for very-long-range
Water, oil, gas pipeline leakage monitoring and large scale civil engineering security monitor in range.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing schematic device of pulse code
Specific embodiment
Clear, complete description is carried out below with reference to technical solution of the attached drawing to various embodiments of the present invention, it is clear that is retouched
The embodiment stated is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention,
Those of ordinary skill in the art's obtained all other embodiment without making creative work belongs to this
Invent protected range.
Referring to Fig.1, the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing method and device for a kind of pulse code that the present invention uses, the device
Including narrow linewidth laser and drive module 13, the FPGA coding demodulator 12 containing SOA, optical fiber circulator 14, sensor fibre 10,
APD detector module 15, A/D module 16 and industrial personal computer 11.Industrial personal computer 11 is connect with coding demodulator 12 and A/D module 16, narrow
Line width laser and drive module 13 are connect with coding demodulator 12, and coding demodulator 12 connects with 14 input terminal of optical fiber circulator
Connect, 14 output end of optical fiber circulator is connect with sensor fibre 10,14 return terminal of optical fiber circulator with 15 phase of APD detector module
Even, APD detector module 15 is connected with A/D module 16.Industrial personal computer 11 generates 10 rank encoder matrixs when executing program initialization,
The elements in a main diagonal is all " 0 ", remaining element is all " 1 ", successively issues the every row of encoder matrix to FPGA code modulation module 12
In, by coded modulation SOA, narrow linewidth laser and drive module 13 are generated into the light pulse of 10ns noenergy by " 0 ", " 1 " generates
10ns has energy light pulse to inject 50km sensor fibre 10 after 14 input terminal of optical fiber circulator, returns to back on sensor fibre 10 and dissipates
It penetrates Reyleith scanttering light and enters APD detector 15 through 14 output end of optical fiber circulator to return terminal, APD is followed by A/D module 16, A/D mould
Block 16 is connected with PCIeX interface with industrial personal computer 11.Synchronous electric pulse is sent out through FPGA code modulation module 12 to open
100Mhz16bitsA/D synchronous acquisition back scattering Rayleigh optical information is stored in the buffer area A/D, and it is flat can repeatedly to trigger progress number
, if obtaining the vibration event near 10Hz, the period is triggeredThat is the repeatable hair of every group of coding
10 times/second carry out digital averaging, are equivalent to monochromatic light pulse and complete 100X9 digital averaging, can only be 90 times in one second if do not encoded
Acquisition correspondinglys increase dynamic range so coding can improve signal-to-noise ratio.Here 100MHzA/D sample frequency and 10ns light pulse
Alignment can get sensor fibre spatial resolution 1m when detector APD band is wider than 100MHz.
Above-mentioned industrial personal computer 11 is connected with coding demodulator 12 with USB or network interface.
AOM (acousto-optic modulator) replaces SOA in the above-mentioned FPGA coding demodulator 12 containing SOA.
Above-mentioned industrial personal computer 11 and the interface USB, PCI or network interface of A/D module 18 are connected.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein, which is to help reader, understands this hair
Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments and embodiments.This field
Those of ordinary skill disclosed the technical disclosures can make according to the present invention and various not depart from the other each of essence of the invention
The specific variations and combinations of kind, these variations and combinations are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing method of pulse code, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: industrial personal computer 11 generates N (such as N=100) rank matrix S=(a when executing program initializationij), as i=j, aij
=0, as i ≠ j, aij=1, the invertible matrix S of S is calculated by matrix inversion technique-1=(bij), as i=j,
As i ≠ j,Element " 1 " represents the laser pulse of injection sensor fibre 10 (10ns has energy), element in s-matrix
" 0 " represents the laser pulse of injection sensor fibre 10 (10ns) noenergy, is compiled by the FPGA comprising SOA (semiconductor optical amplifier)
Code modulation module 12 is modulated；
Step 2: it when industrial personal computer 11 executes program acquisition sensor fibre information, successively issues the every row of matrix S and is encoded to FPGA coding
In modulation module 12, by coded modulation SOA, continuous narrow linewidth laser and drive module 13 are generated into optical pulse code as required
Sensor fibre 10 is injected after 14 input terminal of optical fiber circulator, is returned to backscattered light optical fiber circulator 14 on sensor fibre 10 and is exported
Return terminal is held to enter APD detector 15, APD is followed by A/D module 16, and A/D module 16 is with PCIeX interface and 11 phase of industrial personal computer
Even, synchronous electric pulse is sent out through FPGA code modulation module 12 open the 16 synchronous acquisition back scattering of 100Mhz16bitsA/D module
Rayleigh optical information is stored in the buffer area A/D, can repeatedly trigger carry out digital averaging, triggers the periodC be light in a vacuum
Speed, n are sensor fibre refractive index, and L is sensor fibre length, 2 samplings of pre-estimation extraneous vibration frequency f；
Step 3: when industrial personal computer 11 executes the back scattering Rayleigh optical information of program acquisition digital averaging, the auspicious of backscattering is calculated
S is utilized when sharp optical information-1Every on sensor fibre back scattering Rayleigh optical information is solved, and uses the correlation of coding, number
Every back scattering Rayleigh optical information on average sensor fibre；
Step 4: taking adjacent back scattering Rayleigh optical information twice, and by corresponding position differential, determining on 10 route of sensor fibre is
It is no to have oscillation point, consecutive points near oscillation point are subjected to related operation, determine oscillation intensity；By the oscillation point of maximum vibration intensity
Fourier's variation is carried out, vibration frequency is obtained.
2. a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device of pulse code, including narrow linewidth laser and drive module 13 contain SOA
FPGA coding demodulator 12, optical fiber circulator 14, sensor fibre 10, APD detector module 15, A/D module 16 and industrial personal computer
11。
3. a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device of pulse code according to claim 2, above-mentioned industrial personal computer 11 with
Coding demodulator 12 is connected with USB or network interface.
4. a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device of pulse code according to claim 2, the above-mentioned FPGA containing SOA
AOM (acousto-optic modulator) replaces SOA in coding demodulator 12.
5. a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device of pulse code according to claim 2, above-mentioned industrial personal computer 11 with
The interface USB, PCI, PCIeX or network interface of A/D module 16 are connected.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110332466A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-10-15 | 上海市城市建设设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Water supply line leak detection method based on distribution type fiber-optic sonic transducer |
| CN110440901A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-12 | 郑州信大先进技术研究院 | A kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing localization method and device based on pulse accumulation |
| CN112461353A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-09 | 成都陆迪盛华科技有限公司 | Encoding device and method for distributed optical fiber vibration sensing under light amplification |
| CN112653522A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-13 | 成都陆迪盛华科技有限公司 | Encoding device and method of optical time domain reflectometer |
| CN113310563A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-27 | 成都海恒之星科技合伙企业(有限合伙) | Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device and method for improving positioning accuracy |
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| CN110440901A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-12 | 郑州信大先进技术研究院 | A kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing localization method and device based on pulse accumulation |
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| CN112461353A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-09 | 成都陆迪盛华科技有限公司 | Encoding device and method for distributed optical fiber vibration sensing under light amplification |
| CN112653522A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-13 | 成都陆迪盛华科技有限公司 | Encoding device and method of optical time domain reflectometer |
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| CN112461353B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-07-12 | 成都陆迪盛华科技有限公司 | Encoding device and method for distributed optical fiber vibration sensing under light amplification |
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