CN113310337A - Heat storage device for lunar base - Google Patents

Heat storage device for lunar base Download PDF

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CN113310337A
CN113310337A CN202110475346.7A CN202110475346A CN113310337A CN 113310337 A CN113310337 A CN 113310337A CN 202110475346 A CN202110475346 A CN 202110475346A CN 113310337 A CN113310337 A CN 113310337A
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evaporator
temperature
heat
heat storage
moon
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CN113310337B (en
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张程宾
孙帅杰
郭孟月
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Southeast University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/11Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14Thermal energy storage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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Abstract

The invention discloses a heat storage device for a lunar base, which comprises a spiral evaporator, a heat preservation pipe, a plate evaporator, a pin fin condenser and a thermal expansion valve, wherein the spiral evaporator is arranged on the heat preservation pipe; the plate-type evaporator comprises a temperature changing material layer, an evaporation cavity, a sintering core pipeline and a gas channel; the thermostatic expansion valve is positioned at the intersection of the spiral evaporator, the plate evaporator and the needle rib condenser; the spiral evaporator is connected with the pin fin condenser through the heat preservation pipe; the spiral evaporator is buried in the lunar soil constant temperature layer and works at low temperature at night; the plate-type evaporator is arranged on the surface of the moon and works at high temperature in the moon and the day. The device of the invention utilizes the characteristic that the constant temperature layer of lunar soil and the moon, the moon and the moon have larger temperature difference, and can store heat in 16 days of the moon and the moon, besides fully utilizing the solar radiation energy rich in the moon and the moon, thereby providing sustainable, more economic and safer energy guarantee for human exploration of space.

Description

Heat storage device for lunar base
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat storage, in particular to a heat storage device used in a lunar base.
Background
The space exploration research strength occupies a great proportion in the comparison of comprehensive national forces of various countries, and various countries also obtain great achievements in the space exploration field. Much work has been done by countries on the exploration of the moon. Currently, landing the moon is not difficult for humans, but is costly and even more difficult if all energy, materials, and tools are moved from the earth. On the moon, although the 'day' is long and lasts for ten days, the 'night' is also long and can be as long as 16 days. The lunar surface temperature difference between day and night is very large because there is no atmosphere on the moon and the heat capacity and heat conductivity of the lunar surface are very low. In the daytime, the temperature is up to 127 ℃ in a place where sunlight is vertically irradiated; at night, the temperature can be lowered to-183 ℃. Therefore, most space missions use solar energy to generate electricity. How to utilize such a large temperature difference to store energy at a high temperature has been the focus of research of researchers.
At present, researchers research energy storage bricks. In the daytime, they are connected with solar cells installed on the surface of the moon, and heat and store energy by using the current released from the cells; at night, the bricks will be connected to a heat engine, releasing energy to generate electricity. Therefore, they can protect the base equipment from low temperature damage. The research on heat storage devices used in lunar bases is far from sufficient. Therefore, the invention applies the two-phase system which is mature on the ground to the lunar base, and simultaneously, the constant temperature layer of lunar soil can still store heat at night of 16 days, thereby being convenient for storing energy and reducing the volume of equipment. The temperature at the depth of 1m below the lunar surface is found to be about-23 ℃ throughout the year, and the thermal diffusivity of lunar soil is very small, so that the temperature fluctuation of the lunar layer is rapidly reduced along with the increase of the depth and is less than 0.01K, the temperature fluctuation range at the depth of 1.3m is approximately 0, and the lunar soil can be regarded as a constant temperature layer. As can be seen, the temperature difference between the constant temperature layer and the moon in the day can reach 150 ℃, the temperature difference between the constant temperature layer and the moon in the night can reach 160 ℃, and the temperature difference is larger no matter day or night.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the large temperature difference of day and night of the moon is utilized to provide a day and night continuous heat storage device of a lunar base aiming at the defects of the prior art. The device utilizes the working liquid to absorb heat in the evaporator and release the heat to the heat storage material at the same time of condensation in the condenser, thereby realizing the storage of energy. The stored energy can provide energy sources such as electric energy and the like for other equipment, the volume of the device can be reduced, and sustainable, more economical and safer energy guarantee is provided for space exploration of human beings.
In order to solve the technical problem of difficult heat storage of the moon, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a heat storage device for a lunar base is characterized in that: comprises a spiral evaporator, a heat preservation pipe, a plate evaporator, a pin fin condenser and a thermostatic expansion valve; the plate-type evaporator comprises a temperature changing material layer, an evaporation cavity, a sintering core pipeline and a gas channel; the pin fin condenser comprises a pin fin array, a condensation cavity and a spherical heat accumulator, and the heat accumulator is used for storing heat; the thermostatic expansion valve is positioned at the intersection of the spiral evaporator, the plate evaporator and the needle rib condenser; the spiral evaporator is connected with the pin fin condenser through the heat preservation pipe; the spiral evaporator is buried in the lunar soil constant temperature layer and works at low temperature at night; the plate-type evaporator is arranged on the surface of the moon and works at high temperature in the moon and the day; the thermostatic expansion valve controls whether the spiral evaporator and the plate evaporator work or not according to the change of the environmental temperature.
The spiral evaporator is buried in the lunar soil constant temperature layer and works at low temperature at night; the plate-type evaporator is arranged on the surface of the moon and works at high temperature in the moon and the day; the heat-insulating material is wrapped outside the heat-insulating pipe, so that the working liquid is in a heat-insulating state after coming out of the spiral evaporator and before reaching the pin fin condenser; and a heat storage container outside the pin fin condenser is used for storing heat. The thermostatic expansion valve controls whether the spiral evaporator and the plate evaporator work or not according to the change of the environmental temperature.
The temperature of the constant temperature layer of lunar soil is kept constant. The calculation is as follows: simplifying the assumption that (1) the soil is in a normal physical property; (2) no internal heat source; (3) the atmospheric and soil temperature changes periodically in the year; (4) the soil in the range from the earth surface to the constant temperature layer only considers the influence of the atmosphere on the temperature distribution of the soil, and neglects the action of the terrestrial heat; (5) according to the law of conservation of energy, the annual cycle heat flux of a soil layer at any depth is zero within the range from the earth surface to a constant temperature layer; (6) the surface heat transfer coefficient alpha between the earth surface and the atmosphere is regarded as a constant. The calculation formula of the natural temperature field of the soil with annual periodic change is as follows:
Figure BDA0003047207680000021
Figure BDA0003047207680000022
Figure BDA0003047207680000023
wherein t (x, τ) is the soil temperature at time τ (time from the maximum daily temperature) x depth, tam is the annual average temperature, and tamaxThe annual maximum daily average temperature phi is a coefficient, x is the soil depth, a is the temperature conductivity coefficient of the soil, tau0Is time of year, Ψ, λtThermal conductivity of soil, alpha2The surface heat transfer coefficient between the earth surface and the atmosphere is shown, epsilon is the temperature amplitude of the soil constant temperature layer, and H is the depth of the constant temperature layer.
As can be seen from equation (1), the soil temperature amplitude at depth x is:
Figure BDA0003047207680000031
when x tends to infinity, the limit of the equation is 0, for any given sufficiently small positive number ε, the soil temperature amplitude does not exceed ε when a certain depth H is reached, which can be considered as a constant temperature layer, i.e., a layer
Figure BDA0003047207680000032
Then H is the depth of the constant temperature layer.
Figure BDA0003047207680000033
After calculation, the temperature fluctuation of the lunar layer is rapidly reduced along with the increase of the depth due to the small thermal diffusivity of the lunar soil, and the temperature fluctuation at the depth of 1m below the lunar surface is less than 0.01K, 1.The amplitude of the temperature fluctuation at a depth of 3m is approximately 0, and it can be considered that a constant temperature layer is reached.
The spiral evaporator is completely positioned on a constant temperature layer of lunar soil. The working liquid in the tube may be a refrigerant that can operate at a medium-low temperature, such as R717, R134a, R404, AR22, and the like.
The upper surface (facing to the space) of the plate-type evaporator is a temperature-changing material layer; the upper layer of the evaporator cavity is a liquid cavity, the middle part of the evaporator cavity is a working medium pipeline with a sintering core, and the lower part of the evaporator cavity is a gas channel.
The pin rib array is arranged on the outer surface of the condensation cavity. The needle ribs can be equal-section needle ribs and variable-section needle ribs. The cross-sectional shape may be circular, rectangular, triangular, etc.
The thermostatic expansion valve is used for controlling whether the spiral evaporator and the plate evaporator work or not. The amount of refrigerant flowing through the valve opening is controlled by increasing or decreasing the saturation pressure of the refrigerant sealed within the element. The bulb pressure is balanced by the evaporating pressure and the spring force, and their temperature-pressure characteristics are consistent when the medium used by the bulb element is the same as the refrigerant of the refrigeration system. The liquid refrigerant in the evaporator evaporates, the suction gas is superheated and the temperature rises. The pressure in the bulb is higher than the evaporating pressure, which acts on the top of the diaphragm of the expansion valve, and when it is higher than the sum of the evaporating pressure and the spring force, the valve core will be moved away from the valve seat to open the large through-flow valve hole until the pressure in the bulb is balanced with the sum of the evaporating pressure. If the liquid supply of the expansion valve is insufficient, the evaporation pressure is reduced or the superheat degree of the outlet of the evaporator is increased, so that the valve is opened greatly. Conversely, if the expansion valve supplies too much liquid, the evaporator pressure rises or the bulb temperature drops. Both the spring force and the evaporation pressure may cause the valve to close down until the three pressures are balanced. Therefore, the thermostatic expansion valve can communicate the spiral evaporator with the pin fin condenser at night with lower temperature; and in the daytime with higher temperature, the plate evaporator is communicated with the pin fin condenser.
According to the temperature change of the moon in daytime and at night, the heat storage device has two working modes, namely a high-temperature heat storage mode and a low-temperature heat storage mode.
The lunar daytime temperature is higher, the heat storage device for the lunar base is in a high-temperature heat storage mode, and a passage between the plate-type evaporator and the pin fin condenser is opened. The temperature of the temperature change material layer rises after absorbing solar radiation, the temperature of the temperature change material reaches the working range of the temperature change material layer, the working liquid in the liquid cavity absorbs heat and evaporates into gas, the gas sequentially passes through the sintering core pipeline, the gas channel and the thermal expansion valve and then enters the pin fin condenser, the gas is condensed into liquid after releasing heat, and the liquid returns to the plate evaporator under the action of gravity.
The temperature at night is low, the heat storage device for the lunar base is in a low-temperature heat storage mode, and a passage between the spiral tube evaporator and the pin fin condenser is opened. The working liquid in the spiral tube evaporator absorbs heat and evaporates to become gas, the gas passes through the gas channel and the thermostatic expansion valve and then enters the pin fin condenser, the gas is condensed to become liquid after releasing heat, and the liquid returns to the spiral tube evaporator under the action of gravity.
Advantageous effects
The invention relates to the technical field of heat storage, in particular to a heat storage device used in a lunar base. The spiral evaporator utilizes the characteristic that the temperature of the constant temperature layer of lunar soil is almost unchanged, and when the temperature of the earth surface of the moon at night is extremely low, heat of the constant temperature layer is absorbed by evaporation and condensed by working liquid and is released by condensation, and the heat is stored in a heat storage material. The heat can be stored at night of 16 days, and the energy is stored when the temperature is high in the daytime, so that the aim of continuously storing heat is well fulfilled. The device also reaches the target of continuous heat accumulation round the clock through balanced valve well to can reduce the volume of device, make the heat accumulation device smaller and more exquisite nimble, provide sustainable, more economic, safer energy guarantee for people explore the space.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heat storage apparatus for a lunar base;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a plate evaporator
FIG. 3 is a schematic external view of a spiral evaporator;
FIG. 4 is a view showing an internal structure of a spiral evaporator;
FIG. 5 is a view showing the inner structure of the heat-insulating tube;
FIG. 6 is a schematic exterior view of a pin fin condenser;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a pin-fin condenser;
the heat storage device comprises a spiral evaporator 1, a heat preservation pipe 2, a plate evaporator 3, a thermal expansion valve 4, supporting pieces 5 and 6, a 7-pin-rib condenser, a 101-spiral evaporator pipe wall, a 102 gas channel #1, a 201 heat preservation material, a 202 heat preservation pipe wall, a 301 temperature change material layer, a 302 evaporation cavity, a 303 sintering core pipeline, a 304 gas channel #2, a 701-pin-rib array, a 702 condensation cavity and a 703 heat storage container.
Detailed Description
The following provides a brief description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a heat storage device for a lunar station comprises a spiral evaporator 1, a heat preservation pipe 2, a plate evaporator 3, a pin fin condenser 7 and a thermostatic expansion valve 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the plate-type evaporator 3 includes a temperature change material layer 301, an evaporation cavity 302, a sintered core pipe 303, and a gas passage # 2304. The pin fin condenser 7 comprises a pin fin array 701, a condensation cavity 702 and a heat accumulation container 703. The thermostatic expansion valve 4 is positioned at the intersection of the spiral evaporator 1, the plate evaporator 3 and the pin fin condenser 7. The spiral evaporator 1 and the pin fin condenser 7 are connected by a heat preservation pipe 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the spiral evaporator 1 is buried in a lunar soil constant temperature layer and works at low temperature at night; the plate-type evaporator 3 is arranged on the surface of the moon and works at high temperature in the moon and the day; the heat preservation pipe 2 is wrapped with heat preservation materials, so that the working liquid is in a heat insulation state after coming out of the spiral evaporator 1 and before reaching the pin fin condenser 7; the heat storage container 703 outside the pin fin condenser 7 is used for storing heat. The thermostatic expansion valve 4 controls whether the spiral evaporator 1 and the plate evaporator 3 work or not according to the change of the environmental temperature.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper surface (facing the space) of the plate-type evaporator 3 is a temperature changing material layer 301; the upper layer of the evaporator cavity 3 is a liquid cavity 302, the middle part is a working medium pipeline 303 with a sintering core, and the lower part is a gas channel # 2304.
According to the temperature change of the moon in daytime and at night, the heat storage device has two working modes, namely a high-temperature heat storage mode and a low-temperature heat storage mode. As shown in the figure, the lunar daytime temperature is high, the heat storage device for the lunar base is in a high-temperature heat storage mode, and a passage between the plate evaporator 3 and the pin fin condenser 7 is opened. The temperature of the temperature change material layer 301 rises after absorbing solar radiation, the temperature of the temperature change material reaches the working range, the working liquid in the liquid cavity 302 absorbs heat and evaporates into gas, the gas sequentially passes through the sintering core pipeline 303, the gas channel # 2304 and the thermal expansion valve 4 and then enters the pin fin condenser 7, the liquid is condensed to release heat and then returns to the plate-type evaporator 3 under the action of gravity. The released heat is absorbed by the phase change material in the heat accumulator.
The temperature at night of the moon is low, the heat storage device for the moon base is in a low-temperature heat storage mode, and a passage between the spiral tube evaporator 1 and the pin fin condenser 7 is opened. Working liquid in the spiral tube evaporator 1 absorbs heat of the constant temperature layer and then is evaporated into gas, the gas passes through a gas channel # 1102 and a thermostatic expansion valve 4 and then enters a pin fin condenser 7, the gas is condensed to release heat and then becomes liquid, and the liquid returns to the spiral tube evaporator 1 under the action of gravity.
The heat in the heat storage container can supply power to other equipment without interruption. Therefore, the continuous heat storage in day and night can be finished, the volume of the device can be reduced, and sustainable, more economical and safer energy guarantee is provided for space exploration by human beings.

Claims (8)

1. A heat storage device for a lunar base is characterized in that: comprises a spiral evaporator, a heat preservation pipe, a plate evaporator, a pin fin condenser and a thermostatic expansion valve; the plate-type evaporator comprises a temperature changing material layer, an evaporation cavity, a sintering core pipeline and a gas channel; the pin fin condenser comprises a pin fin array, a condensation cavity and a spherical heat accumulator, and the heat accumulator is used for storing heat; the thermostatic expansion valve is positioned at the intersection of the spiral evaporator, the plate evaporator and the needle rib condenser; the spiral evaporator is connected with the pin fin condenser through the heat preservation pipe; the spiral evaporator is buried in the lunar soil constant temperature layer and works at low temperature at night; the plate-type evaporator is arranged on the surface of the moon and works at high temperature in the moon and the day; the thermostatic expansion valve controls whether the spiral evaporator and the plate evaporator work or not according to the change of the environmental temperature.
2. The heat storage device for a lunar base as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heat-insulating material is wrapped outside the heat-insulating pipe, so that the working liquid is in a heat-insulating state after coming out of the spiral evaporator and before reaching the pin fin condenser.
3. The heat storage device for a lunar base as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the working liquid in the spiral evaporator tube uses the following refrigerants which can work at medium and low temperature: r717, R134a, R404 or AR 22.
4. The heat storage device for a lunar base as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper surface of the plate-type evaporator is a temperature-changing material layer; the upper layer of the evaporator cavity is a liquid cavity, the middle part of the evaporator cavity is a working medium pipeline with a sintering core, and the lower part of the evaporator cavity is a gas channel.
5. The heat storage device for a lunar base as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pin rib array is arranged on the outer surface of the condensation cavity.
6. The heat storage device for a lunar base as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the needle ribs are equal-section needle ribs or variable-section needle ribs; the cross-sectional shape may be circular, rectangular or triangular.
7. The heat storage device for a lunar base as claimed in claim 1, wherein: at night with lower temperature, the spiral evaporator is communicated with the pin fin condenser; during the higher temperature day, the plate evaporator is put in communication with the pin fin condenser.
8. The heat storage device for a lunar base as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the device has two working modes, namely a high-temperature heat storage mode, a low-temperature heat storage mode and the like:
in the daytime with higher temperature, the lunar daytime temperature is higher, the heat storage device for the lunar base is in a high-temperature heat storage mode, and a passage between the plate evaporator and the pin fin condenser is opened; the temperature of the temperature change material layer rises after absorbing solar radiation, the temperature of the temperature change material reaches the working range of the temperature change material layer, the working liquid in the liquid cavity absorbs heat and evaporates into gas, the gas sequentially passes through the sintering core pipeline, the gas channel and the thermal expansion valve and then enters the pin fin condenser, the liquid is formed after the heat is released by condensation, and the liquid returns to the plate evaporator under the action of gravity;
at a lower night, the temperature of the moon at night is lower, the heat storage device for the moon base is in a low-temperature heat storage mode, and a passage between the spiral tube evaporator and the pin fin condenser is opened; the working liquid in the spiral tube evaporator absorbs heat and evaporates to become gas, the gas passes through the gas channel and the thermostatic expansion valve and then enters the pin fin condenser, the gas is condensed to become liquid after releasing heat, and the liquid returns to the spiral tube evaporator under the action of gravity.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202814181U (en) * 2012-09-25 2013-03-20 北京兆阳能源技术有限公司 Heat storing-heat exchanging device
CN104895218A (en) * 2015-06-23 2015-09-09 河北工业大学 Renewable energy coupled energy storage and temperature regulation wall body system and using method thereof
CN207688454U (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-08-03 北京交通大学 Adsorption refrigeration device towards Permafrost Area subgrade engineering
CN111425366A (en) * 2019-05-20 2020-07-17 深圳大学 Lunar temperature difference magnetic suspension power generation system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202814181U (en) * 2012-09-25 2013-03-20 北京兆阳能源技术有限公司 Heat storing-heat exchanging device
CN104895218A (en) * 2015-06-23 2015-09-09 河北工业大学 Renewable energy coupled energy storage and temperature regulation wall body system and using method thereof
CN207688454U (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-08-03 北京交通大学 Adsorption refrigeration device towards Permafrost Area subgrade engineering
CN111425366A (en) * 2019-05-20 2020-07-17 深圳大学 Lunar temperature difference magnetic suspension power generation system
CN212867789U (en) * 2019-05-20 2021-04-02 深圳大学 Lunar temperature difference magnetic suspension power generation system

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