CN113305379A - Electrolytic machining method and tool for outer ring surface of rotary structure - Google Patents
Electrolytic machining method and tool for outer ring surface of rotary structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113305379A CN113305379A CN202110575504.6A CN202110575504A CN113305379A CN 113305379 A CN113305379 A CN 113305379A CN 202110575504 A CN202110575504 A CN 202110575504A CN 113305379 A CN113305379 A CN 113305379A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electrolytic machining method for an outer ring surface of a rotary structure, which comprises the following steps: designing an electrochemical machining cathode with the same height as the outer ring surface in the vertical direction according to the size of the outer ring of the rotary structural member; electrolyte is sprayed out of the middle of the electrochemical machining cathode, and electrochemical machining is achieved in a circumferential circulating feeding and normal stepping mode. The invention also relates to an electrolytic machining tool for the outer ring surface of the rotary structure. The electrolytic machining method and the tool for the outer ring surface of the rotary structure aim to solve the problems of high manufacturing cost and low production efficiency of the machining method for the large-area outer ring surface of the aeroengine case.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic machining processes, in particular to an electrolytic machining method and tool for an outer ring surface of a rotary structure.
Background
The integral thin-wall casing component of the modern aeroengine is mainly made of titanium alloy and high-strength heat-resistant alloy steel materials, is mainly a rotary thin-wall component in structure, most of inner and outer rings are conical surfaces, complex spline curved surfaces such as waist drum shapes and saddle shapes are also arranged, a plurality of special-shaped bosses, cavities, ribs, profile holes and the like in complex shapes are distributed on the surface of the thin-wall casing component, and the thin-wall casing component is mainly designed for improving rigidity or pipeline connection and installation requirements. The material removal amount of the thin-wall case from a blank machined into a part is extremely large (generally reaching 60% -80%), and the thinnest part of the wall thickness of the part can be about 0.5 mm. The characteristics make the traditional numerical control milling difficult, firstly, because the removal amount is large, the deformation after the processing is serious, a plurality of heat treatments are needed in the process arrangement, a plurality of measures have to be taken to prevent the deformation and further reduce the tool consumption, the efficiency is low, secondly, the tool consumption causes high cost, and the problem is more prominent in batch production. The method has the advantages of low efficiency, high cost, serious processing deformation, difficult control of deformation and the like, and becomes one of the major problems in the production and development of advanced aeroengines in China.
Compared with a mechanical milling method, the electrochemical machining method has the advantages of low batch machining cost, high efficiency, no loss of an electrode (cutter) when high-strength/high-hardness materials are machined, no residual stress and deformation when a thin structure is machined, and the like. In the electrolytic machining of the integral structure, the forming of a complex boss, a cavity and a molded surface can be realized by adopting a forming cathode through simple feeding. Compared with the traditional mechanical milling machining, the electrochemical machining can greatly improve the machining efficiency in machining complex structures such as a casing and the like; because the processing cathode is not consumed, a large amount of cutter cost can be saved, and the cost can be greatly reduced. The electrolytic machining has obvious advantages in the manufacture of the case, and is widely used in the manufacture of aeroengines at home and abroad.
At present, the large-area outer ring surface of the aeroengine case is mainly processed by adopting a five-coordinate numerical control milling and electrolytic forming technology. The traditional electrolytic forming method is to process a single cavity on a workpiece by adopting an integral electrode with a specific end face shape, and needs to perform indexing, partitioning, grouping and dividing procedures according to the shape and the size of a casing, and design various profile electrodes according to different sizes for processing. The method has the advantages of high design difficulty of processing the electrode, complex manufacturing process, poor universality (the electrode needs to be designed aiming at different scales and groups), obvious tool connecting marks after each part is processed, complex electrode replacement, long production preparation time (the electrode needs to be aligned, positioned and the like), high manufacturing cost, low production efficiency, large processing current, serious heating and higher short circuit risk.
Therefore, the inventor provides an electrolytic machining method and a tool for the outer ring surface of the revolution structure.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides an electrolytic machining method and a tool for an outer ring surface of a rotary structure, and solves the technical problems of high manufacturing cost and low production efficiency of a machining method for a large-area outer ring surface of an aircraft engine case.
(2) Technical scheme
The invention provides an electrolytic machining method for an outer ring surface of a revolution structure, which comprises the following steps:
designing an electrochemical machining cathode with the same height as the outer ring surface in the vertical direction according to the size of the outer ring of the rotary structural member;
electrolyte is sprayed out of the middle of the electrochemical machining cathode, and electrochemical machining is achieved in a circumferential circulating feeding and normal stepping mode.
Further, the electrolytic machining cathode sprays electrolyte in the middle, and electrolytic machining is realized through circumferential circulating feeding and normal stepping modes, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the electrolytic machining cathode is connected with the negative electrode of the machining power supply, and the rotary structural member is connected with the positive electrode of the machining power supply;
when the machining is started, the electrolytic machining cathode is positioned at a first edge position of an outer ring to be machined of the rotary structural part;
the electrolytic machining cathode is fed along the radial direction of the rotary structural part, and after a tool setting signal is obtained, a machine tool spindle automatically retracts to enable the electrolytic machining cathode and the rotary structural part to keep an initial machining gap;
the electrolyte enters from a cathode electrolyte flow channel and is sprayed to the position of the initial machining gap;
switching on the machining power supply, starting electrolytic machining, rotating the rotary structural member along the center of the rotary structural member, and switching off the machining power supply after the electrolytic machining cathode reaches the second edge position of the outer ring;
repeatedly feeding the electrolytic machining cathode along the radial direction of the rotary structural member, and returning to keep a set gap between the electrolytic machining cathode and the rotary structural member after a tool setting signal is obtained;
when the radial feed value reaches the leveling depth, the machining is finished.
Further, the initial machining gap meets a first set condition, wherein the first set condition is that delta is larger than or equal to t + a;
in the formula, δ is the initial machining gap, t is the maximum radial runout of the rotating structural member, and a is the minimum machining gap.
Further, when the machining depth reaches the leveling depth H, the initial machining gap is delta not less than a;
wherein, H ═ t/psi, psi is the single processing leveling ratio of the electrolytic processing.
Further, when the radial feed value reaches the leveling depth, the machining is finished, specifically:
and starting machining, wherein the rotary structural part rotates reversely, and the machining power supply is turned off after the electrochemical machining cathode reaches the first edge position of the outer ring.
The invention provides an electrolytic machining tool for an outer ring surface of a rotary structure, which comprises an electrolytic machining cathode, an electrolyte flow channel, a machining power supply, a workbench and a pressing plate, wherein the electrolyte flow channel penetrates through the electrolytic machining cathode, one end of the electrolyte flow channel is used for being in contact with an outer ring of the rotary structure, the electrolytic machining cathode is connected to a negative electrode of the machining power supply, a positive electrode of the machining power supply is used for being connected with the rotary structure, the workbench is used for placing the rotary structure, and the pressing plate is used for being pressed on the top of the rotary structure.
Furthermore, the electrochemical machining tool for the outer annular surface of the rotary structure further comprises an electrolyte water jacket, a cathode mounting plate and a nozzle, wherein one end of the electrolyte water jacket is connected to the cathode mounting plate, the other end of the electrolyte water jacket is connected to the electrochemical machining cathode, and the nozzle is communicated with the electrolyte water jacket.
Further, the nozzle is arranged on the upper end face of the electrolyte water jacket.
(3) Advantageous effects
In conclusion, the invention designs the cambered surface electrochemical machining cathode with the same height as the outer ring in the vertical direction according to the size of the large-area outer ring surface of the rotary structural part, the electrolyte adopts a positive flow type, namely the electrolyte is sprayed out from the middle of the cathode, the electrochemical machining layer removal is realized by a circumferential circulating feeding and normal stepping mode, and the process is repeated until the target size is reached. Compared with the traditional electrolytic forming processing method, the processing method has the advantages that the electrode design is simple, the replacement is not needed, the processing efficiency is high without tool receiving traces on the processing surface, the process links are few, the safety of continuous processing is ensured by the technical means of path pre-tool setting detection, the risk of processing short circuit is completely avoided, the processing method is safe and economic, and the production and application values are high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for electrolytic machining of an outer annular surface of a revolution structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochemical machining tool for an outer annular surface of a rotary structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cooperation between the outer circumferential surface of a revolution structure and an electrochemical machining cathode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation position of the outer circumferential surface of a revolution structure and the cathode for electrolytic machining according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view at a in fig. 2.
In the figure:
1-electrolytic machining of the cathode; 2-an electrolyte flow channel; 3-processing a power supply; 4-a workbench; 5, pressing a plate; 6-electrolyte water jacket; 7-a cathode mounting plate; 8-nozzle; 100-a rotating structure; 101-outer ring.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an electrolytic machining method for an outer annular surface of a revolution structure, which includes the following steps:
s100, designing an electrochemical machining cathode with the same height as the outer ring surface in the vertical direction according to the size of the outer ring of the rotary structural member;
s200, spraying electrolyte in the middle of the electrochemical machining cathode, and realizing electrochemical machining in a circumferential circulating feeding and normal stepping mode.
In the embodiment, aiming at the problems of complicated electrode structure, poor universality, high short-circuit risk, more production processes, cavity separation and section separation of arc surfaces and the like of the traditional electrolytic machining multi-process cavity separation and section splicing forming process of large-area outer ring surfaces in the structures of aeroengine casings and the like, the invention adopts simple cathode circumferential circulating feeding of electrolytic machining and stepping after the method of 'tool setting' under a safety clearance to realize the 'layer' removal of the large-area outer ring surface.
Compared with the traditional electrolytic forming processing, the processing method realizes the continuous processing of the large-area outer ring surface only through a single electrode, and compared with the traditional electrolytic forming processing, the electrode is simple in design and does not need to be replaced, the processing efficiency of the processing surface without the joint tool trace is high, and the process links are few.
In some optional embodiments, in step S2, the electrolyte is ejected from the middle of the electrochemical machining cathode, and the electrochemical machining is implemented by circumferential circulation feeding and normal stepping, specifically including the following steps:
s201, connecting an electrolytic machining cathode with a negative electrode of a machining power supply, and connecting a rotary structural member with a positive electrode of the machining power supply;
s202, when machining is started, the electrolytic machining cathode is located at a first edge position of an outer ring to be machined of the rotary structural part;
feeding the electrochemical machining cathode along the radial direction of the rotary structural member, and automatically retracting a machine tool spindle to enable the electrochemical machining cathode and the rotary structural member to keep an initial machining gap after a tool setting signal is obtained;
s204, allowing electrolyte to enter from a cathode electrolyte flow channel and spraying the electrolyte to the position of the initial machining gap;
s205, switching on a processing power supply, starting electrolytic processing, rotating the rotary structural member along the center of the rotary structural member, and turning off the processing power supply after the electrolytic processing cathode reaches the second edge position of the outer ring;
s206, repeatedly feeding the electrochemical machining cathode along the radial direction of the rotary structural member, and returning to enable the electrochemical machining cathode and the rotary structural member to keep a set gap after obtaining a tool setting signal;
and S207, finishing the machining when the radial feeding value reaches the leveling depth.
In the above embodiment, in order to avoid the fault that the electrolytic machining cathode 3 touches the rotary structural member 100 to cause short circuit in the rotation process of the rotary structural member 100, the initial machining gap setting of the electrolytic machining cathode 3 and the surface of the rotary structural member 100 should consider the surface radial total run-out of the rotary structural member 100, and through the measurement before machining, if the maximum run-out amount in the radial direction of the workpiece is t and the set minimum machining gap is a, the value δ of the initial machining gap is not less than t + a, and the fault that the short circuit occurs in the first feeding process of machining can be ensured. The jumping amount of the outer ring surface is reduced along with the increase of the processing times, and if the single processing leveling of the electrolytic processing is psi, the relation between the jumping amount t and the leveled depth H is approximate to
To obtain
After the machining depth reaches H, the value of the initial machining clearance can be adjusted to be delta larger than or equal to a.
In some optional embodiments, the initial machining gap meets a first set condition, wherein the first set condition is that delta is larger than or equal to t + a;
in the formula, δ is an initial machining gap, t is a maximum radial runout of the rotating structural member, and a is a minimum machining gap.
In some alternative embodiments, when the machining depth reaches the leveling depth H, the initial machining gap is δ ≧ a;
wherein, H ═ t/psi, psi is the single processing leveling ratio of the electrolytic processing.
In the embodiment, after the cathode workpiece is subjected to tool setting, the safety initial gap of electrolytic machining is calculated by using the electrolytic machining parameters and the test leveling ratio of the material, so that the risk of short-circuit fault is completely avoided in the automatic machining process.
In some alternative embodiments, when the radial feed value reaches the smoothing depth, the machining is finished, in particular:
and starting machining, wherein the rotary structural member rotates reversely, and the machining power supply is turned off after the electrochemical machining cathode reaches the first edge position of the outer ring.
The second aspect of the present invention provides an electrochemical machining tool for an outer ring surface of a rotary structure, as shown in fig. 2-5, the electrochemical machining tool comprises an electrochemical machining cathode 1, an electrolyte flow channel 2, a machining power supply 3, a workbench 4 and a pressing plate 5, wherein the electrolyte flow channel 2 penetrates through the electrochemical machining cathode 1, one end of the electrolyte flow channel 2 is used for contacting with an outer ring 101 of the rotary structure 100, the electrochemical machining cathode 1 is connected to a negative electrode of the machining power supply 3, a positive electrode of the machining power supply 3 is used for connecting the rotary structure 100, the workbench 4 is used for placing the rotary structure 100, and the pressing plate 5 is used for pressing the top of the rotary structure 100.
In the above embodiment, the rotation of the table 4 drives the rotary structure 100 to rotate, and the pressing plate 5 and the table 4 are fixedly connected by screws, so as to prevent the rotary structure 100 from moving relatively during the rotation process, which results in the decrease of the processing precision.
In some alternative embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the electrochemical machining tool for the outer annular surface of the revolving structure further comprises an electrolyte water jacket 6, a cathode mounting plate 7 and a nozzle 8, wherein one end of the electrolyte water jacket 6 is connected to the cathode mounting plate 7, the other end of the electrolyte water jacket 6 is connected to the electrochemical machining cathode 1, and the nozzle 8 is communicated with the electrolyte water jacket 6.
In some alternative embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the nozzle 8 is provided on the upper end surface of the electrolyte water jacket 6.
Example 1
The rotary structural part in the embodiment is a certain type of aero-engine compressor casing body made of high-temperature alloy (Inconel718), the rotary diameter is about 1000mm, discontinuous outer ring structures are designed at the large end and the small end of the casing, and the depth is about 20 mm.
The machining method of the application aims at performing efficient material removal rough machining on the surface of the outer ring. The basic parameters of the electrolytic machining are set as follows: the machining voltage is 18V, the electrolyte component is 12% NaCl, the electrolyte temperature is 25-30 ℃, the electrolyte pressure P is 0.3MPa, the rotating speed of the workpiece is 3 r/min, and the minimum machining gap a is set to be 0.5 mm. The leveling ratio of the high-temperature alloy material in the electrolytic machining under the parameter is calculated according to 1.80.
The machining method of the casing workpiece specifically comprises the following steps:
the electrochemical machining cathode 1 is connected with an electrolyte water jacket 6 and is arranged on a main shaft cathode mounting plate 7 of an electrochemical machining machine tool, and electrolyte enters the electrolyte water jacket 6 through a nozzle 8 and is ejected from the front end of the electrochemical machining cathode 1.
And secondly, the rotating structural part 100 (a casing workpiece) is arranged on the workbench 4 of the electrolytic machining machine tool and is tightly pressed through the pressing plate 4. The rotating radial runout of the test case workpiece is 1.2 mm.
Thirdly, the cathode 1 for electrolytic machining is fed along the radial direction of the casing workpiece, and after a tool setting signal is obtained, the cathode is retreated to ensure that the initial machining gap delta is 1.2mm +0.5mm is 1.7mm
Fourthly, switching on the direct current power supply for electrolytic machining. When the electrolytic machining is started, the worktable 4 drags the casing workpiece to rotate. Each time the outer ring 101 is rotated to its boundary, the electrolytic machining is de-energized.
After the power is cut off, repeating the third step. When the machining depth reaches the leveling depth H, the initial clearance change delta is changed to 0.5mm after retraction
When the processing depth reaches 20mm (required processing depth), the processing is finished.
Sixthly, repeating the third step and the fifth step.
And (3) processing results: the surface roughness of the outer ring surface of the casing is Ra1.6 mu m, the processing depth is uniform, and the casing is not deformed after processing.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. An electrolytic machining method for an outer annular surface of a revolution structure, characterized by comprising the steps of:
designing an electrochemical machining cathode with the same height as the outer ring surface in the vertical direction according to the size of the outer ring of the rotary structural member;
electrolyte is sprayed out of the middle of the electrochemical machining cathode, and electrochemical machining is achieved in a circumferential circulating feeding and normal stepping mode.
2. The electrolytic machining method for the outer ring surface of the revolution structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolytic machining cathode sprays electrolyte in the middle, and electrolytic machining is realized in a circumferential circulation feeding and normal stepping mode, and the method comprises the following steps:
the electrolytic machining cathode is connected with the negative electrode of the machining power supply, and the rotary structural member is connected with the positive electrode of the machining power supply;
when the machining is started, the electrolytic machining cathode is positioned at a first edge position of an outer ring to be machined of the rotary structural part;
the electrolytic machining cathode is fed along the radial direction of the rotary structural part, and after a tool setting signal is obtained, a machine tool spindle automatically retracts to enable the electrolytic machining cathode and the rotary structural part to keep an initial machining gap;
the electrolyte enters from a cathode electrolyte flow channel and is sprayed to the position of the initial machining gap;
switching on the machining power supply, starting electrolytic machining, rotating the rotary structural member along the center of the rotary structural member, and switching off the machining power supply after the electrolytic machining cathode reaches the second edge position of the outer ring;
repeatedly feeding the electrolytic machining cathode along the radial direction of the rotary structural member, and returning to keep a set gap between the electrolytic machining cathode and the rotary structural member after a tool setting signal is obtained;
when the radial feed value reaches the leveling depth, the machining is finished.
3. The electrolytic machining method of an outer annular surface of a revolution structure according to claim 2, wherein the initial machining gap satisfies a first set condition, wherein δ ≧ t + a;
in the formula, δ is the initial machining gap, t is the maximum radial runout of the rotating structural member, and a is the minimum machining gap.
4. The electrolytic processing method of an outer circumferential surface of a revolution structure according to claim 3, wherein said initial processing clearance is δ ≧ a when a processing depth reaches a leveling depth H;
wherein, H ═ t/psi, psi is the single processing leveling ratio of the electrolytic processing.
5. The electrolytic machining method of an outer circumferential surface of a revolution structure according to claim 2, wherein the machining is finished when the radial feed value reaches the leveling depth, specifically:
and starting machining, wherein the rotary structural part rotates reversely, and the machining power supply is turned off after the electrochemical machining cathode reaches the first edge position of the outer ring.
6. A machining tool based on the electrolytic machining method of the outer annular surface of the rotary structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the machining tool comprises an electrolytic machining cathode (1), an electrolyte flow channel (2), a machining power supply (3), a workbench (4) and a pressing plate (5), wherein the electrolyte flow channel (2) penetrates through the electrolytic machining cathode (1), one end of the electrolyte flow channel (2) is used for being in contact with an outer ring (101) of the rotary structure (100), the electrolytic machining cathode (1) is connected to the negative pole of the machining power supply (3), the positive pole of the machining power supply (3) is used for being connected with the rotary structure (100), the workbench (4) is used for placing the rotary structure (100), and the pressing plate (5) is used for being pressed on the top of the rotary structure (100).
7. The tooling for electrolytic machining of the outer annular surface of the revolution structure according to claim 6, further comprising an electrolyte water jacket (6), a cathode mounting plate (7) and a nozzle (8), wherein one end of the electrolyte water jacket (6) is connected to the cathode mounting plate (7), the other end of the electrolyte water jacket (6) is connected to the electrolytic machining cathode (1), and the nozzle (8) is communicated with the electrolyte water jacket (6).
8. The tooling for electrolytic machining of the outer annular surface of the revolution structure according to claim 7, wherein the nozzle (8) is provided on the upper end surface of the electrolyte water jacket (6).
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Application publication date: 20210827 |